Cycle Diagram of Design Option 1

T-S Diagram of Design Option 1

BP=Pmb LA N p N c

BP=2580 kPa ( 0.6 m ) ( π4 ) ( .48 m ) (0.5 x 514

2
60
rps ) (18 )

BP=21 597.2120 kW
Output of Diesel Engine=n gen ( BP ) ; nominal n gen=97.5 %

Output of Diesel Engine=0.975 ( 21597.2120 kW )

Output of Diesel Engine=21 057.2817 kW
3600m f
bsfc=
BP

g 3600 m f
177.5 =
kWh 21597.2120 kW
kg
m f =1.0649
s
Air-to-fuel ratio for Heavy Fuel Oil =14.4:1
ma=mf AF=1.0649(14.4)
 kg
m a=15.3346
s
m kg kg
1.0649 + 15.3346
s s
m=¿ ¿
18cylinders

kg
m m=0.9111 per cylinder
s
Q ¿ ( 3600 )
HR=
BP
kJ Q ¿ ( 3600 )
7580 =
kWh 21597.2120 kW
Q ¿ =45 474.1297 kW
State Point 1
T 1=43 o C (Charge air temperature)
P1=100 kPa
π
V d =( )(B2 )(S)
4
π
V d= ( )
4
( .480 m )2 ( .600 m )

V d =.1086 m 3 per cylinder

V +Vc
r c =15.3 r c = d
Vc
3
.1086 m +V c 3
15.3= ; V c =7.594 Liters∨0.007594 m V 1=V c +V d =0.1162m 3
Vc

State Point 2
T 2=T 1 ( r c )k−1=316 K ( 15.3 )1.4−1

T 2=940.9437 K

V 2=V c =0.007594 m3

P2=P1 ( r c )k =100 kPa ( 15.3 )1.4

P2=4555.8352kPa

State Point 3
Q¿ =mf LHV =mm C p (T 3−T 2)

45 474.1297 kg kJ
18
kW =0.9111
s
1.0062 ( )
( T −940.9437 K )
kg 3
T 3=T max=3696.7046 K

P3=P2 =4555.8352 kPa

V 2 T 3 0.007594 m3 ( 3696.7046 K )
V 3= =
T2 940.9437 K

V 3=0.02983m3

State Point 4
V 4 =V 1=0.1162 m 3
k−1 1.4−1
V3 0.02983 m3
T 4=T 3 ( )
V4
=3696.7046 K ( 0.1162 m
3 )
T 4=2145.8215 K

V3 k 0.02983 m 3
1.4
P4 =P3 ( )
V4
=4555.8352 kPa
0.1162 m(3 )
P4 =678.8815 kPa

kg kJ
Q out =m m C v ( T 4 −T 1) =0.9111 ( 0.716 )(2145.8215 K−316 K )
s kgK
Qout =1193.6797 kW

Wnet of Diesel Cycle

45 474.1297
W net =Q ¿ −Q out = kW −1193.6797 kW
18
W net =1332.6608 kW per cylinder
k−1 1.4 −1
Pex 100 kPa
T ex=T 4 ( )
P4
k
=2145.8215 K ( 678.8815 kPa ) 1.4

T ex=1241.4756 K

State Point 6

h6 , s 6 @ P=16.5 MPa∧T =5650 C

T h s
560 3460.2 6.4941
565 h6 s6
570 3487.7 6.5270
kJ
h6 =3473.95
kg
kJ
s6 =6.5116
kgK
State Point 7
h7 =h @ P=0.1 MPa

s6 =s 7

s7=s f + x s fg

kJ kJ kJ
6.5116 =1.3026 + x (6.0568 )
kgK kgK kgK
x=0.8600
kJ kJ
h7 =417.46 +0.86 (2258 )
kg kg
kJ
h7 =2359.34
kg
Assuming Turbine Efficiency=85%

h6−h7'
nt =
h6 −h7

3473.95−h7'
0.85=
3473.95−2359.34
kJ
h7' =2526.5315
kg
State Point 8
h8 =hf @ 0.1 MPa

kJ
s8=417.36
kg
State Point 9
℘=h9−h8=v f 8 (P6 −P8)
3
kJ −3 m
h 9−417.36 =1.0432 x 10 (1650 kPa−10 kPa)
kg kg
kJ
h 9=419.0708
kg
Assuming Pump Efficiency=80%
h9−h8
np=
h9' −h8
419.0708−417.36
0.8=
h9' −417.36
kJ
h 9' =419.4986
kg
Energy Balance at Heat Recovery System Generator (HRSG)

m e C p ( T ex −T 5 ) =m steam ( h6−h 9' ) ; m e =m a +m f

Assuming exiting Temp erature at HRSG=350 K

 kg kJ kJ kJ
0.9111 (1.006 )(1241.4756 K −350 K )(18 cylinders)=msteam (3473.95 −419.4986 )
s kgK kg kg
kg
m steam =4.7862
s
Energy Balance at Steam Turbine

W t =(m ¿ ¿ steam+ m steam¿ solar ¿ )(h6 −h7' ) ¿

From Thermax Solar Brochure, average steam generation of solar

parabolic is 3.15 kg/hr of steam having 6.41 m 2 reflective area. For this design,
100 solar parabolic will be used which steam generation yields to 315 kg/hr.
kg 315 kg kJ
W t =(4.7862 + ) (3473.95−2526.5315 )
s 3600 s kg
W t =4617.4335 kW

Q¿ solar=light intensity x area

Q kW
¿ solar=¿0.980 ( 6.41 m2 x 100units )¿
m2

Q¿ solar=628.18 kW

Energy Balance at Pump

kg kJ kJ
W p =m(h ¿ ¿ 9 ¿ ¿ '−h 8)=4.7862 (419.4986 −417.36 ) ¿ ¿
s kg kg
W p =10.2358 kW

Wnet of Steam Cycle

W net =W t−W p=4617.4335kW −10.2358 kW
W net =4607.1977 kW

Output of Steam Turbine

Output of SteamTurbine=n gen ( W t ) ; nominal ngen =97.5 %

Output of SteamTurbine=0.975( 4617.4335 kW )

Output of SteamTurbine=4501.9977 kW
Solving for number of Diesel Engine required
x (21 057.2817 kW + 4501.9977 kW )=295 000 kW
x=11.5418∨12 units
Overall Plant Efficiency
W net of diesel cycle +W net of steam cycle
n=
Q ¿ diesel +Q ¿ solar

1332.6608 kW (18 cylinders)+ 4607.1977 kW

n= x 100 %
45 474.1297 kW +628.18 kW
n=62.0253 %