General & Inorganic Chemistry

 Problems of this nature involves the determination of an unknown weight of

reactant or product from a given weight of a substance in a chemical
reaction.

Example:
1) What weight of O2 (in grams) will be required to react with exactly 100 g of
NH3 according to the equation
4NH3(g) + 5O2 4NO(g) + 6H2O

Solution: 4NH3 = 5O2

Let x = weight of O2 (in grams)

 4NH3 = 5O2
grams of NH3 = grams of O2
molar mass NH3 molar mass O2

molar mass:
N = 14(1) = 14 O = 16(2) = 32 g/mole
H = 1(3) = 3
17 g/mole

100 g . = x .
4( 17g/mol) 5(32 g/mol)

x = (5)(32g/mol)(100g) = 235 g
(4)(17g/mol)
or by mole concept:
4NH3 = 5O2
nNH3 = 100 g = 5.88 moles
17g/mol

nO2 = nNH3 molecule O2

molecule NH3

nO2 = 5.88 5 = 7.35 mol

4

mass of O2 = 7.35mol( 32 g/mole) = 235 g

2) In the reaction
C2H2 + O2 CO2 + H2O

What weight of O2 (in grams) will be required to burn 10

moles of acetylene gas (C2H2)?
Solution:
 From the balanced equation

CO2 + CaO + H2O Ca(HCO3)2

Find the weight (in grams) of Ca(HCO3)2 that will be

produced when 250g of CaO is made to react with CO2
and H2O.
 Weight- volume relationship refers to the calculations where one
of the reactants or products is a gas.

 Balanced equation is used to relate the number of moles of a

substance to the number of moles of other reactants or products.

➢ At some given temperature and pressure, the number of moles of

gas can be converted to volume using the ideal gas equation
(PV = nRT)

➢ One mole of gas occupies a volume of 22.4L at STP.

Example:
1) One hundred liters of H2S at STP is bubbled into an aqueous solution of
SbCl3. Sb2S3 is precipitated according to the equation
2 SbCl3 + 3H2S Sb2S3 + 6HCl
Calculate the weight of precipitated Sb2S3 (in grams).

Solution:
3H2S = Sb2S3
Let x = weight of Sb2S3

100L = x .
3(22.4L/mol) (1)(Molar mass)
 100L = x .
3(22.4L/mol) (1)(340g/mol)

x = (100L)(1)(340g/mol)
(3) (22.4L/mol)

x = 506 g Sb2S3
❑ Volume –Volume Calculations

 According to Gay-Lussac’s Law of combining volumes, whenever

gases react or are formed in a reaction, they do so in the ratio of
small whole numbers by volume, provided the gases are under the
same conditions of temperature and pressure.

 The coefficients in a balanced equation gives the volume relations

for the gaseous substances. The coefficients give the number of
moles of each gas involved and 1mole of each gas occupies the
same volume at the same temperature andpressure.
 What volume of O2 would be required to burn exactly 500 liters of
acetylene gas (C2H2) according to the equation:
C2H2 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Solution: (g)
2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O

Let x = volume of O2
2C2H2 = 5O2
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝑳 𝒙
𝑳 = 𝒍
𝟐(𝟐𝟐.𝟒 ) 𝟓(𝟐𝟐.𝟒 )
𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝒎𝒐𝒍

x = 1250 L
Seatwork

1) H2S burns in O2 according the equation

H2S + O2 H2O + SO2
Determine the volume of O2 at STP required to burn 20L of H2S .

2) Calculate the volume of O2 necessary to burn 50L of CO

completely to produce CO2. Also calculate the volume of CO2
formed.