THE FIRE SCIENCE & THE BASIC FIRE

PROTECTION AND PREVENTION

HARDWARES

ENGR. CLIFFORD DHONNS M. CABURNAY, REE,RME

 Fire is a self- sustaining process of
rapid oxidation of fuel

 Is exothermic chemical reaction

between oxygen and fuel at certain
temperature

 It is accompanied by a release of
energy in the form of heat and light
of varying intensities.
 Oxygen Sources
Chemical Chain Reaction
 Approx. 16% is required
 Normal air contains 21% O2

Fuel Sources

 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas

Heat Sources
 Open Flames
 Sparks and arcs FIRE TRIANGLE
 Friction
 Electrical energy
STAGES OF FIRE
DID YOU KNOW??

FIRE STATISTIC – two (2) consecutive years

DID YOU KNOW??
FIRE STATISTIC – Period Covered
DID YOU KNOW??
FIRE STATISTIC – Causes of Fire Incident

ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
 TOP 3 WORST FIRE INCIDENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
DID YOU KNOW??

Kentex Manufacturing (Valenzuala)

May 13, 2015
74 people killed
Manor Hotel (Quezon City)
August 18, 2001
75 guest killed

Ozone Disco(Quezon City)

March 18, 1996
162 Claimed Lives
Fire Safety
Assessment-General
Requirements
 Fire Safety Building Assessment
National Fire Code of
the Philippines 2008: RULE 10. FIRE SAFETY MEASURES
Design and Project CHAPTER 2. FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS,
“RA 9514”
Implementation STRUCTURES & FACILITIES
DIVISION 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Team

Complete/consolidated
assessment: Building
requirements
DIVISION 6. FEATURES OF FIRE PROTECTION:
CONSTRUCTION AND COMPARTMENTATION,
PROTECTION OF VERTICAL OPENING AND
COMBUSTIBLE CONCEALED SPACES, INTERIOR
FINISH, FIRE DETECTION, ALARM, AND
COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS, AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS AND
OTHER, EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT,
STANDPIPES, PORTABLE AND WHEELED FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS, SEGREGATION AND
PROTECTION OF HAZARDS SECTION, SMOKE
PARTITIONS , FIRE DOORS.
DIVISION 3. CLASSIFICATION
OF OCCUPANCY:
Assembly, Educational,
Health Care, Detention and
Correctional, Residential,
Mercantile, Business,
Industrial, Storage, Mixed
Occupancies, Miscellaneous.
DIVISION 4. HAZARD OF BUILDINGS
SECTION 10.2.4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF
HAZARD OF CONTENTS:
Low, Moderate/Ordinary, and High
DIVISION 5. MEANS OF EGRESS
-DOORS, STAIRS , OUTSIDE STAIRS , HORIZONTAL EXITS , RAMPS, EXIT
PASSAGEWAYS, ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKS, FIRE ESCAPE
STAIRS,LADDERS AND SLIDE ESCAPES, ILLUMINATION OF MEANS OF
EGRESS, EXIT MARKING ,EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLAN
 FIRE COMPLIANCE ISSUE
RESPONSIBILITY OF ISSUANCE ON FIRE SAFETY INSPECTION CERTIFICATE (FSIC)

PEZA- Philippine
Economic Zone BFP- Bureau of Fire
Authority Protection

RA 7916 – PEZA LAW RA 9514 – Fire Code

Of The Philippines

Resorts World Manila NCCC Davao / SSI HTI Cavite

June 2, 2017 Dec. 23, 2017 Jan. 19, 2018
36 fatalities 38 fatalities 104 injured, 1 fatality
 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES *RA 9514
Fire Code of the Philippines
RA 9514
Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations SECTION 10.2.6.6 FIRE DETECTION, ALARM, AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Revised 2019
A. General
1. Fire detection, alarm, and communication systems if required by Division 8 through 20 of this Chapter shall be
in accordance with the NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, or latest edition of Philippine
Electronics Code and Philippine Electrical Code (PEC).

2. When a required fire alarm system is out of service for more than four (4) hours in a twenty-four hour (24-hr)
period, the C/MFM having jurisdiction shall be notified within twenty-four (24) hours, and a fire watch shall be
assigned until the fire alarm system has been returned to service.

3. To ensure operational integrity, the fire alarm system shall have an approved maintenance and testing program
which shall be developed by the building management in accordance with internationally accepted standards.
Records of conducted maintenance and testing should be maintained and submitted together with the FSMR
when required by the C/MFM having jurisdiction.
Philippine Electronic Code
NFPA 72 Book 2
National Fire Alarm Fire Detection and Alarm
and Signalling Code System
Revised 2019.

Mother Code Reference Code

Reference Code

Philippine Electrical Code

Latest edition
SCOPE:

Covers application, installation, location,

performance, inspection, testing, and maintenance of
fire alarm system.

Creates minimum requirements

All systems and standards be installed in accordance

with the standards approved by the authority having
jurisdiction
SCOPE:

Referral Code for fire detection and alarm system

equipment, installation and maintenance.

Published by the Institute of Electronics Engineers of

the Philippines (IEEP)
SCOPE:

Referral code for the electrical wires, piping, cables

and cable protection including grounding and
protection for excessive currents.

Published by the institute of Integrated Electrical

Engineers of the Philippines (IIEE)
 MANDATORY DESIGN ORIENTATION

WHAT IS REQUIRED
WHEN A FIRE ALARM
IS REQUIRED OTHER REFERENCE
NFPA 90A
Standard for Smoke
Control System

Philippine Electronic Code *Book 2

Fire Detection and Alarm System

Philippine Electrical Code

Latest edition

Standards Refers:
Fire Code of the Philippines
RA 9514 Location NFPA 92
Standard for the Installation of Air
Revised Implementing Rules and NFPA 72 Design Details Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
Regulations Revised 2019 National Fire Alarm and
Signalling Code
Installation requirements
Revised 2019. Testing Standards

Fire Code of the Philippines
RA 9514
Revised Implementing Rules and
Regulations Revised 2019
SYSTEM DESIGN QUALIFICATION
Fire alarm system and emergency communications
system plans and specification shall be developed in
System Designer accordance with this Code by the Persons who are
experience in the design, application, installation, and
testing of the system.
(NFPA 72, Section 10.5.1.1)
Qualification for Designer
Design Designer
Requirements Requirements
 State or local licensure regulation shall be
Philippine Electronic followed. (NFPA 72, Section 10.5.1.2)
Code *Book 2
Fire Detection and NFPA 72 Sign & Seal
Alarm System National Fire Alarm and  Personnel provide documentation one or more
 Professional Electrical
Signalling Code of the ff. (NFPA 72, Section 10.5.1.3)
 Registration, licensing. Or certification Engineer
Revised 2019.
 Certification by an organization
acceptable to AHJ  Professional Electronic
Philippine Electrical Code
 Manufacturer certification to specific Engineer
Latest edition type brand
TYPES OF
FIRE
PROTECTION?
 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
group of systems that require some amount of action or motion in order to work
efficiently in the event of a fire

 INCLUDES:
 Fire Detection and Alarm System
 Fire Suppression System
 Fire Sprinkler system

 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

Systems put in place within the structure of the building and require no human
interaction to do what they were intended to do.

 INCLUDES:
 Fire –resistant walls & glass
 Heavy duty fire –door
 FIRE PROTECTION
PROTECTION AND PREVENTION HARDWARES

Fire Detection Alarm System

FDAS

Automatic Fire
Suppression System
AFSS
WHAT IS FIRE DETECTION
AND ALARM SYSTEM
(FDAS)
 Fire Detection and Alarm System Activation Sequence

Smoke Detector Heat Detector

Main Brain of the system

Strobe horn

Manual Pull Alarm Station

Main Fire Alarm Panel

FACP

Actuated Sprinkler Head

MIMIC Board

Monitor Switch
Alarm Gong
FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
FDAS
Why Used Fire Detection and Alarm
System?

1. Used to protect;
 LIFE
 PROPERTY

2. Mandatory Requirements
ORDER OF RESPONSE;

1. Aspirating Detector
2. Spot Type Smoke Detector
3. Flame Detector
4. Heat Detector
 CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEM & BASIC COMPONENTS
• Manual pull station
• Heat Detector
• Smoke detector
Initiating Devices • Flame Detector
• Water flow Devices
• Tamper Switches
• Combination Detectors

• Bells
• Buzzers & Horns
Notification • Strobe Lights
Appliances • Speakers
• Recorded Voice Messages

• Fire Telephone System

Auxiliary Devices • Gas Extinguishing System
• Voice Alarm System
FDAS Devices Functions & Controls
Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
• The Brain of the system.

• The one who receive and send signal to other devices in the
system.

• Manages and monitors proper operation of the system.

• Battery in the FACP will automatically activated when the

external power is interrupted.

28
 FDAS Devices Functions & Controls
Power Source
• Main supply 220 or 230 VAC (Primary Supply)

• Backup source in case of power loss/failure.

• NFPA 72: 24 hours stanby
+ 5 minutes full alarm
Primary
• BS5839-1: 24 hours stanby
Source (AC)
+ 30 minutes full alarm

• Current supplies for both detection and initiation

devices and notification appliances must be provided.
Secondary
Source (DC)

29
 FDAS Devices Functions & Controls
HD/SD -Detector
• Initiating Device
• Sends signal to FACP. (Automatic Operation)
Normal & Alarm Led • detect the presence of heat and an increase in air
Indicator:
temperature. These detectors have few false alarms but,
• Blinking Light for they take longer to identify a fire than a smoke detector.
Normal & Steady Light
for Alarm
• Blinking green Light for
Normal & Steady red
for Alarm

30
FDAS Devices Functions & Controls
Manual Pull Station
• Initiating Device
• Sends signal to panel if Working Temperature is reach.
(Manual Operation)

32
FDAS Devices Functions & Controls
Horn & Strobe
• Notification Device
• Gives an Alerting Sound & Flashing Light

33
TYPES OF FIRE
ALARM SYSTEM
Non –Addressable System

 Also Known as “Conventional”

 Fire detectors are wired to the panel in groups
known as zone
 Identification of alarm status by zone
 Fire detectors indicates either “Fire” or
“Normal” status only
 System indicates events but without event
recording feature

FACP
INITIATING DEVICES

NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
 Horn Strobe
E
O Sounder Circuit
L

Detectors
FIRE E
ALARM O ZONE 1
CONTROL L
SYSTEM
Manual Call Point

E
O ZONE 2
L
Addressable System
 Each fire detector is provided with an
address
 Identification of alarm status by zone and
by address
 Fire detectors indicates various condition
such as smoke level
 Indicates and records system events

NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES

INITIATING DEVICES
 ZONE 1
Line Isolator Module

FIRE ALARM
ZONE 2
CONTROL
SYSTEM
ZONE 3
Line Isolator Module
 FDAS System Operation Working Principle

COMPLETE CIRCUIT (NORMAL)

OPEN CIRCUIT (TROUBLE)

SHORT CIRCUIT (ALARM)

 CONVENTIONAL Vs. ADDRESSABLE
CONVENTIONAL ADDRESSABLE

Appropriate for small building such as retail store and small Best for large structure with may different
BUILDING SIZE restaurants rooms and even multiple businesses

Each device (smoke detector, heat detector, fore sprinkler, One wire connects all devices to a central
CABLING etc.) is connected to a control panel via a separate wire control panel

Lower purchase cost Initial purchase price tends to be higher

UNIT PRICE

Tend to be more expensive and less efficient to install but Require more expertise to install due to
INSTALLATION most installer can handle the task programming and software requirements

Can be more costly since all devices have to be checked or Can alert to problems with one device, saving
MAINTENANCE replaced on overall maintenance and repair

ALARM Alarm activates when there is fire or smoke in any sector, Pinpoints fire location
FUNCTIONALITY without the ability to pinpoint which alarm is active

A severed wire between any device and the control panel Wire loop means that even if one end is
RELIABILITY
can render the device useless in fire protection severed signals can still reach the control panel
 FDAS DESIGN FLOW
Project * Fire
Safety Building
Assessment
PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION
Start with, what type of
protection is required
“LIFE, PROPERTY or BOTH”

Detailed lay-out, Identification of

cost estimate, Gantt Occupancies, determine
chart, Scope of what type of system is to
work be used Conventional or
Addressable “Area of the
building, Number of
occupants, and Level of
hazards” by NFCP 2008
*IRR 9514
Provide the flow of EOC , Event
Output Control NFPA 72
Determine the location of initiating
devices notification appliances and
fire Alarm panel . Requirements must
Runways fire Alarm piping and wiring conform in NFPA 72
layout for the required fire alarm system
PEC, Philippine Electrical Code
 Fire Suppression System Activation Sequence
Nozzle releasing NOVEC
Detector 1 Detector 2

Motorized Damper

Fire Suppression Panel

For the main panel
to provide a signal
to discharge the
suppression agent,
two smoke
detectors should
be simultaneously
activated. Electromagnetic Door

Output signals will be provided to

programmable devices turning off
the damper, door and power
supply.
Suppression Agent Tank
Power Supply
 SPRINKLERS IN
ELECTRICAL ROOMS
ACCORDING TO
NFPA 13, 2019 EDITION
 Wet-Type Fire Sprinkler System and Standpipe Activation Sequence

All abnormalities Fire hydrants can

sensed by the also be used as
sensing devices support in case of
Actuated Sprinkler Head located at the fire fire. It’s flow rate and
system’s risers will pressure is also
be sent to the main being maintained by
Alarm Gong fire alarm system for the fire pump
centralized 24/7 engines.
monitoring
Fire Hydrant
Fire Alarm Panel
Reservoir

Riser The fire pump

controller monitor’s
When a sprinkler head has been actuated, water will flow the system’s
out the head to suppress the fire. To maintain the flow pressure and
rate and pressure of the water during activation, a fire automatically
pump will maintain the system’s flow rate and pressure. Fire Pump activates the engines
Water will travel from the reservoir, to the pump, to the in case of under-
riser and up to the sprinkler head. A small flow of water pressure caused by
during activation will also activate the alarm gong. activation of either
sprinkler system
44 or
Fire Pump Controller hydrant.
Automatic Fire Sprinkler System
• A Sprinklers systems consist of the network of piping, water supply,
sprinkler heads, and alarm and detection devices that sense the heat
from a fire and automatically distribute water to completely extinguish
the fire or control its growth.
Sprinkler piping is permitted in and is
 Wet Pipe System
permitted through anTO
IS IT POSSIBLE electrical
INSTALL room as
 Dry Pipe System long as the piping is not within the
SPRINKLER SYSTEM?
‘’DEDICATED ELECTRICAL SPACE’’
 Pre-Action System NFPA 13 -2019 Edition

 Deluge System

AFSS
ELECTRICAL ROOM

WHAT IS DEDICATED
ELECTRICAL SPACE?

According to NFPA 70
Dedicated electrical space is defined as the space equal to
the with and the depth of the equipment extending from
the floor to a height of 1.8 m above the equipment or the
structural ceiling, which ever is lower
ELECTRICAL ROOM

IS IT POSSIBLE TO INSTALL SPRINKLER

ABOVE THE DEDICATED ELECTRICAL
SPACE?

Foreign system are allowed in the area above the dedicated

electrical space as long as the electrical equipment is
properly protected against leaks or breaks in the foreign
system.
ELECTRICAL ROOM
ELECTRICAL ROOM

Thank
you!
For more inquires;

Contact : 0950-224-1411
Email add: clifforddhonnscaburnay@yahoo.com