GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, MURTIZAPUR,DIST: AKOLA

Subject: Refrigeration & Air Condition

A Micro-Project Report On

“Comparative study of various types of compressors with

detailed specification and market survey’’
Diploma In Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by:
Roll Name Of Student Enroll. No.
No.
63 Pushkar Rane 1912410090
64 Sandip Pande 1912410091
65 Anuj Tokote 1912410092
66 Dipak Date 1912410093
69 Sanket Khade 1912410096
Guided By:
Shri. D.S. Dhoble
Head Of Department (Mechanical Engineering)
 TITLE
“Comparative study of various types of compressors with
detailed specification and market survey”

Aim:- To study various types of Compressors used for

refrigeration cycle.
These here are various types of compressors used in the
refrigeration and air conditioning machines, these are:
reciprocating, rotary, screw, centrifugal and scroll.
Our aim is comparative study the all the types of compressors
and also market survey.

Course Objectives:

1.To study the various types of compressors and simply

understand their function.
2.To understand theory and types of compressors.
3.To learn about choice of compressor for particular type of
work.

Course Outcomes:

CO1 - Classify the various types of compressors and

understand the classification.
CO2 - Understand the theory of different types of compressors.
 Methodology
Step1. Firstly, we select the topic for the micro-project which is suggested
by our prof.D.S.Dhoble sir Head of Department (Mechanical Engineering)

Step2. In the next step after selecting the topic “Comparative study of
various types of compressors with detailed specification and market
survey” we are started to collecting the information related to our topic.

Step3. In this project the challenging thing is market survey because we

don’t know how to do market survey but sir tell us about survey and
study the market. which compressor is in demand, which is more use in
refrigeration and air condition? what is the price of compressor and
specification?

Step4. In the fourth step we divided types of compressors in all group

member and for collecting information about types of compressors.

Step5. In the fifth step we are started to making report after collecting
all information in this projected all the group equally gives their
contribution.

Contribution
Work Given Remark
Roll Name Of
No. Student

63 Pushkar Rane Done

64 Sandip Pande Done
65 Anuj Tokote Done
66 Dipak Date Done
69 Sanket Khade Done
 INDEX

SR. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO

1 Literature survey 1

2 Introduction 2

3 Types of compressors 3-9

4 Market Survey 10

Compressor Market Report

5 11-12
Coverage

6 Conclusion & Credit 13

 Literature survey
In this project report we studied about compressor and their types and also
market survey of compressor which are used in refrigerator and air condition.
compressor is a refrigerant gas pump in which the evaporator supplies gaseous
refrigerant at a low pressure and increases it to a greater pressure. Upon being
compressed, the temperature and pressure of the vapours are increased. The
gaseous refrigerant is delivered to the condenser at a pressure at which
condensation occurs at a proper temperature.

A compressor consists of two components: the power source and the

compressing mechanism (piston, vane, etc.). In the case of an air compressor, the
compressing mechanism is in fact compressing the atmospheric air. The air
compressor works in the following way:

Air enters the piston or vane, and it is compressed by increasing its

pressure and at the same time decreasing its volume. As soon as the pressure
reaches a maximum set by the operator or the manufacturer, a switch mechanism
prevents any further air intake in the compressor. The compressed air is used and
pressure levels decrease.

As soon as the pressure reaches a minimum, also set by the operator or the
manufacturer, the switch allows air to enter the compressor. This procedure is
repeated if the compressor is being used.
Introduction
Compressors are an important part of the process industries. Compressors
increase the pressure of gases and vapours so they can be used in applications that
require higher pressures. For example, they can be used in a wide variety of
applications like compressing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and light
hydrocarbons, or supplying the compressed air required to operate instruments or
equipment
The two most common compressor types are positive displacement and
dynamic. Positive displacement compressors use pistons, lobes, screws, or vanes
to reduce a fixed volume of gas through compression and deliver a constant
volume. Dynamic compressors use impellers or blades to accelerate a gas and
then convert that velocity into pressure. Dynamic compressors are more
commonly used than positive displacement compressors because they are less
expensive, more efficient, have a larger capacity, and require less maintenance.
All compressors require a drive mechanism such as an electric motor or turbine to
operate, and all are rated according to their discharge capacity and flow rate.
Most compressors require auxiliary components for cooling, lubrication, filtering,

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instrumentation, and control. Some compressors require a gearbox between the
driver and compressor to increase the speed of the compressor.
“Compressor is a device which is used to increase the pressure of air from
low pressure to high pressure by using some external energy”:
 For filling the air in tube of vehicles
 In automobile service station to clean vehicles.
 For spray painting in paint industries.
 In vehicle to operate air brakes.
 For cleaning workshop machines.
 For supercharging of an IC engines.
 For operation of pneumatic tools i.e., rock drills, vibrators etc.

Types of compressors
Selection of Compressors
A compressor is a mechanical device used to increase the pressure of a gas or
vapour. The type of compressor that is used for a particular application depends
on several factors. The factors include the type of gas being compressed, flow
rates which are expressed as cubic feet per minute (cfm) or meters cubed/second
(m3/s), and discharge pressure which is expressed as pounds per square inch (psi)
or Kilo pascals (kPa).

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 Types of compressor

 Positive displacement
A positive displacement compressor works at a constant flow rate irrespective of
the exit pressure. A positive displacement compressor uses a piston for air
compression that moves backward and forward. So, these compressors compress
the air or gas by reducing the volume. Nowadays, it is a widespread type of air
compressor.

Reciprocating Compressor
In a reciprocating compressor a piston receives force from a power medium
(e.g., a drive shaft) and then transfers that power to the gas being compressed. In
a piston-type reciprocating compressor, the gas is trapped between the piston
and the cylinder head and then compressed. The Cylinder is the cylindrical
chamber in which a piston

1. Single acting

They are the reciprocating compressor which has piston working only in one
direction. The other end of the piston is often free or open from which no work is
performed. There is only one side compression or the upper part of the piston is
used to compress the air. The bottom part is open to crankcase and is not utilized
for the compression of air.

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2. Double acting compressor
As from its name it uses its both sides to compress the air. These types of
compressors have two sets of suction/intake and delivery/exhaust valve on both
sides of the piston. As the piston moves up and down, both sides of the piston are
utilized in compressing the air. The intake and exhaust valve operates
corresponding to the movement of the piston or with the stroke of the
compressor. The air is compressed accordingly and delivered continuously as
compared to single-acting air compressor.

Double acting compressor

3. Diaphragm
Its name clarifies the design of the compressor. The cylinders of various stages
are found in a straight line when seen from the top that’s why they are called in
line compressors. These are most commonly used compressors in the area where
there is a need of varying pressure. They have uncomplicated design and
commonly driven by electric motors or diesel engines.

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4. Hermetically seal Compressor
In hermetically sealed compressor, the compressor and the motor are enclosed in
the welded steel casing and the two are connected by a common shaft. This
makes the whole compressor and the motor a single compact and portable unit
that can be handled easily. The hermetically sealed compressor is quite different
from the traditional open type of compressors in which the compressor and the
motor are different entities and the compressor is connected to the motor by
coupling or belt.

Hermetically seal compressor further divided into:

1. Crank type
2. Swash plate type
3. Wobble plate type

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5. Open Compressor
One extremity of the crankshaft is drawn out of the crankcase, due to
which multiple drives can be used with the compressor. A mechanical seal is
used to check external seepage of refrigerant and oil, and escape of air towards
the inside. These compressors are driven by electric motors or internal
combustion engines. With belt drive, changes in speed are achieved by altering
the dimensions of the pulleys, while with direct drive units the compressor is
planned to operate at the speed of motor.

6. According to construction types

According to construction there are two types of compressors:
 Vertical
 Horizontal

Rotary type compressor

Rotary compressors move gases by rotating a set of screws, lobes, or vanes. As
these screws, lobes, or vanes rotate, gas is drawn into the compressor by negative
pressure on one side and forced out of the compressor (discharged)through
positive pressure on the other. Rotary compressors do not require a constant
suction pressure to produce discharge pressure.

1. Vane type compressor:

This is a positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor

that rotates inside a cavity. The vane-type compressor consists of a cylindrical
rotor with longitudinal slots in which radial sliding vanes are fitted. The rotor is
positioned eccentrically within a cylindrical housing. The spaces between

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adjacent vanes form pockets of decreasing volume from a fixed inlet port to a
fixed discharge port. Compressor inlet and discharge valves are not employed in
the design.

2. Rolling Piston
The Rolling piston or fixed vane type compressors are used in small refrigeration
systems (up to 2 kW capacities) such as domestic refrigerators or air conditioners.
These compressors belong to the class of positive displacement type as
compression is achieved by reducing the volume of the refrigerant. In this type of
compressors, the rotating shaft of the roller has its axis of rotation that matches
with the centre line of the cylinder; however, it is eccentric with respect to the
roller.

3.

4. Rotary-Scroll
Rotary scroll compressors contain two inter-meshing spirals or scrolls with one
spiral being fixed while the second orbits within it. As the spiral rotates, vapour
pockets are formed. The pockets suck the refrigerant in and moves the vapour
towards the centre of the spiral. As the vapour gets closer to the Center, the
pockets continuously decrease in size, compressing the refrigeration.

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Rotary scroll compressors have a small capacity of under 20 tons; however, they
are highly efficient due to the absence of pistons, which allows them to reach
100% volumetric efficiency. Additionally, scroll compressors have low noise
levels and maintenance requirements due to fewer moving parts.

5. Screw
Rotary screw compressors contain two meshed male and female rotors that rotate
together in opposite directions. The refrigerant enters the compressor through a
suction port and gets trapped between the two rotating rotors. As the air travels
through the rotors, the volume of space between the rotors decreases,
compressing the refrigerant.
Screw compressors do not have any valves and do not use mechanical force,
which allows the compressors to operate at high speed with large flow rates and a
small footprint, while also reducing vibration.

 Dynamic Compressor
Dynamic compressors are non-positive displacement compressors that use
centrifugal or axial force to accelerate and convert the velocity of the gas to

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 pressure (as opposed to positive displacement compressors, which use a piston,
lobe, or screw to compress gas).

1. Centrifugal Compressor
2. Axel compressor

Market Survey

 Compressor Market Overview

The global compressor market size was $39.9 billion in 2019, which is expected
to witness a CAGR of 3.1% during the forecast period (2020–2030), to reach $48.5
billion in 2030. The surging replacement of piston compressors with screw
compressors, expanding automotive sector, and growing number of food processing
units are among the primary driving factors for the compressor industry.
The disruption of the global supply chain, owing to companies’ over-dependence on
China, is one of the leading factors that resulted in the closure of manufacturing
units in different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. China, which is a leader
in the manufacturing as well as export of compressors globally, is witnessing a halt
in the operations of manufacturers. Additionally, numerous countries have imposed
nationwide lockdown, logistics restrictions, and a ban on imports from China.
Owing to all these factors, the compressor market is recording sluggish growth in
2020.
 Expanding Automotive Industry Is Major Driving Factor
Presently, the automotive industry is displaying an increasing demand for
compressors. Some of the primary uses of compressors in the industry include tire
inflation, car painting, air conditioning systems, and engine construction. The rising
disposable income, technological innovations, and increasing demand for electric
cars are the key factors driving the global automotive industry. For example, sales
of electric cars topped 2.1 million units, globally, in 2019, surpassing 2018’s
figures, which were already a record. Electric cars, which accounted for 2.6% of the
global car sales in 2019, registered a 40% year-on-year (Y-o-Y) growth from 2018.
Such developments are prognosticated to drive the compressor market growth in the
coming years.

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 Compressor Market Report Coverage
Report Attribute
Historical Years
Forecast Years
Base Year (2019) Market Size
Report Coverage
Market Size by Segments
Market Size of Geographies
Secondary Sources and References
Details
2014-2019
2020-2030
$39.9 Billion
COVID-19 Impact Analysis, Market
Trends, Drivers, Restraints, and
Opportunities, Value Chain Analysis,
Revenue Estimation and Forecast,
Segmentation Analysis, Regional
and
Country Breakdown, Company
Market Share Analysis, Major
Countries Analysis, Companies’
Strategic Developments, Product
Bench marking, Company Profiling
Lubrication Type, Portability,
Pressure, Application, Region
U.S., Canada, France, Germany,
Italy, Russia, Spain, U.K., China,
India, Australia, Japan, South Korea,
Brazil, Mexico, Saudi Arabia,
Turkey, U.A.E., South Africa
Alliance of Automobile
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 (Partial List) Manufacturers (AAM), Consortium
for Energy Efficiency (CEE),
Association of Equipment
Manufacturers (AEM), European
Forum for Reciprocating
Compressors (EFRC), Gas
Compressor Association (GCA), and
International Association of Food
Industry Suppliers
 Compressor Market Size Breakdown by Segment
The compressor market report offers comprehensive market segmentation analysis
along with market estimation for the period 2014–2030.
Based on Compressor Type
Positive Displacement
1. Reciprocating
2. In-line
3. V-shaped
4. Tandem piston
5. Single-acting
6. Double-acting
7. Diaphragm Rotary
1.Screw
2.Vane
3.Lobe and scroll
Dynamic
1.Centrifugal

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2.Axial flow

Conclusion
Compressor is one of the important parts of all refrigeration system in this
microproject through survey we understand the importance and demand of
compressor increased in global market and learn about various and common
compressor types included rotary, reciprocating, scroll & screw etc

Credit
Compressor Market Research Report Global Industry
Analysis and Growth Forecast to 2030

www.psmarketresearch.com
www.brighthubengineering.com
www.Thomasnet.com
www.techopedia.com

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