IMMUNOLOGY TRANS ---------DR.

ECAHVEZ TRANS BY: MNCGJ

Definition of terms:
 Immunity
o Resistance to disease
 Immune system
o Mediates resistance through:
 Recognition
 Reaction
 Elimination
 Immune response
o Coordinated reactions
 Antigen
o Any substance that may or may not elicit an immune response
 Immunogen
o Any substance that may elicit an immune response
 Epitope
o Site on antigen where antibody binds
 Antibody
o Produces by plasma cells

Cardinal features of immune response (self explanatory naman to lahat. Possible ilabas ditto eh situational)
 Specificity
 Diversity
 Memory
 Self limitation
 Discrimination of self from non self

Phases of immune response:

 Cognitive phase
o Binding of antigen prior to activation
 Activation phase
o Proliferation and differentiation
 Effector phase
o Elimination of antigen

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

 Serves as: signposts
 Location: chromosome 6
 Role:
o Discrimination of self from nonself
o Diversity
 Polymorphic
 Polygenic
 Codominantly expressed
 Classes:
o Class I
 Aka: classics
 Molecular chaperones:
 Calnexin
 Calreticulin
 tapasin
 Types of cells: nucleated cells and plateles
 Genes: HLA-B-C
 Receptor: CD8
 Antigen: endogenous

o Class II
 Contains: invariant chain
 Types of cells: BMED and APC’s
 Genes: HLA-DP-DQ-DR
 Receptor: CD4
 Antigen: exogenous
IMMUNOLOGY TRANS ---------DR. ECAHVEZ TRANS BY: MNCGJ
Types of immunity:
 Natural immunity
o Exposure: does not amplify
o Specificity: non specific
o Circulating molecules: complement
o Mediators: macrophage-derived cytokines
o Cells involved:
 Dendritic cells (DC)
 Bridge between: innate and adaptive immunity
 Resides: periphery
 Immature DC: capturing
 Mature DC: presenting
 Essential: initiation and coordination of acquired immune response
 Neutrophils
 Most abundant
 Role: early inflammatory response
 Sensitive to: chemotactic factors (C5a and C3a)
 Generates: neutrophilic extracellular traps (NET)
 Granules:
o Primary:
nd rd
 Since marami to, ung wala sa 2 and 3 , dito yun.
o Secondary:
 lactoferrin
o Tertiary:
 Cathepsins
 Gelatinases
 Monocytes (not phagocytic. Nagiging phagocytic lang pag macrophage na)
 Precursor of:
o Macrophages
o Myeloid dendritic cells
 Produces:
o Pro-inflammatory cytokines
 IL-1 to 6
 TNF-a
o Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
 Role: chronic infection
 Kaya ang life span neto ay nagrarange sa monthsyears
 Sub-population:
o Activated macrophages
 Activated by: interferon gamma
o Tissue repair
 Activated by: IL-4
o Regulator macrophages
 Releases: IL-10 (for: anti inflammatory cytokine)
 Natural killer cells (NK)
 Originate: bone marrow
 Activated by: IL-12
 Produces:
o Perforins (pores)
o Granzymes (apoptosis)
 Contains: inhibitory receptors
 Recognized by: MHC class I
 Role: for self-limitation
 Destroys cells coated with: IgG
 Mast cells
 Derived: CD34
 Role: acute inflammatory reactions
 Activated by: IgE
 Triggers: type I hypersensitivity
IMMUNOLOGY TRANS ---------DR. ECAHVEZ TRANS BY: MNCGJ
 Basophils
 Peripheral blood leukocytes
 Activated by: IgE
 Triggers: type I hypersensitivity
 Eosinophils
 Allegy
 Parasitism
o Major basic protein (rich in arginine)
 Contains:
o Major basic protein
o Eosinophil cationic protein
o Eosinophil derived neurotoxin
o Eosinophil peroxidase
 Tissue remodeling factors:
o Elastase
o TGF-b
o PDGF
o VEGF
 Complement system
 Classical pathway
 Alternative pathway
 Mannose binding lectin

 Alternative pathway
o Exposure: amplified
o Specificity: specific
o Circulating molecules: antibodies
o Cells involved: lymphocytes
o Mediators: lymphocyte derived cytokines
o Cells involved:
 B lymphocytes
 Maturation:
o Starts: Pro-B cells
o Positive selection:
 survival
o Negative selection:
 Apoptosis
 Receptor edition
 Activates: RAG genes
 Recognition antigen:
o IgD and IgM
 Two peptide chains:
o Iga and Igb
 Contains: activation motifs (ITAM’s)
 Promotes transcription of genes for proliferation
and differentiation
 C3d fragment
o Receptor: CD21
o Offers: secondary activation signal for B cell differentiation

 Mediator of:
o Humoral immunity
 Immediate response
 Major defense: bacterial infection
 Effector cells:
o Plasma cells
 Precursor of: antibodies
o Memory cells
IMMUNOLOGY TRANS ---------DR. ECAHVEZ TRANS BY: MNCGJ
 T lymphocytes
 Mediator of:
o cell mediated immunity
 delayed response
 major defense: viral infection
 rejection of transplant
o effector cells:
 T helper cells
 Contribute: humoral and cell-mediated immunity
 Contains: CD4 antigen clusters
 Monitored during AIDS (decreased)
 Auxiliaries:
o Th1 (intracellular)
 Produces: IL-2 and interferon gamma

 Cytotoxic T cells
 T Regulatory cells