Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
PANGASINAN DIVISION II

SAN QUINTIN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

San Quintin, Pangasinan

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

School Year: 2020-2021

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY AND

CITIZENSHIP
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND SOLIDARITY
QUARTER 3, WEEK 6-7
GRADE 12 HUMSS

MELC: explain forms of community engagement that contribute to

community development through solidarity; recognize the importance
of solidarity in promoting national and global community development
(e.g. poverty alleviation)
K to 12 BEC CG:

Objectives:
1. Discuss the nature of community engagement, community development, solidarity.
2. Identify and discuss each of the different forms of community engagement.
3. Draft a simple action plan involving community engagement.
4. Explain what national and global communities are.
5. Discuss the importance of solidarity in promoting national and global community
development.
6. Prepare an individual plan through a narrative on how you can realize solidarity in
the implementation of your community action program.

Prepared by:

MARCELO JOHN V. LAGONOY

SHS Teacher I
San Quintin National High School
PART I.

A. Introduction:
This lesson of the module will help you discover the importance of taking community action in
society not just only as an individual but as a member of community. It will introduce you to the different
elements that need to be considered in undertaking community action and later on, discover its impact in
improving lives within a community. You will also explore the significant connections between your self
and the community. Your role as an individual can bring change to others through active participation in
the community process. This is why the lesson will guide you to the possible roles and involvement you
can have in undertaking community activities.

B. Discussions:

FORMS OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT THAT CONTRIBUTE TO COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SOLIDARITY

A. Community Engagement

Community engagement, according to Taguibao(2016 p25), pertains to the “process of working

collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or
similar situations to address issues affecting the well-being of those people.” Basing from this definition, it
is imperative that a concerted endeavor could only be engaged into given the following conditions: first,
when the participants live close to each other which presupposes that distance could hamper a coordinated
activity and being near each other could make things easier done and cooperation from the community
members is readily elicited; second, special interest or common interest, which means that when the
participants think, feel and talk on the same wavelength about an issue, or an objective or a particular
activity, then the more their enthusiasm is to be engaged in an endeavor intended to realize their ends; and,
third, when people are brought into a similar adverse situation and that in their desire to resolve their
issues or problems, they are motivated to actively engage in relevant and necessary activities. We could
say that people aim for productivity and toil to the highest level given the three earlier mentioned scenarios.

Community engagement could be achieved with the elements of trust, cooperation, functional
networks or links and dependable partnerships. Trust above all must be innate in the hearts and minds of
the members. When there are doubts towards other people, the rest of the elements will not obtain. The
members of the community must put a hundred percent confidence in each other in terms of the other
person’s ability, capacity, determination, will, dedication, perseverance, and the like. If they have it
otherwise, community engagement will not proceed. Doubting other people will lead to a passive sense of
cooperation.

As the line of a song goes, “No man is an island, no man stands alone…..” An individual cannot
toil productively by himself. One may work alone but, mind you, at the end of the day, he will still be
calling on another person for whatever little help he could get to complete the task. This means that we
need to establish connections, need to be linked with other people or even groups or organizations and they
shall power up your activities. With the help of your coalitions, you shall develop more enthusiasm to
engage in a collaborative endeavor.

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 With regards its purpose, www.aifs.gov.au says that community engagement is a way of ensuring
that community members have access to valued social settings and activities, feel that they are able to
contribute meaningfully to those activities, and develop functional capabilities that enable them to
participate fully. True to this, the identifying feature that community engagement transpired is when no
member was left alone and left behind in the implementation of any community-based activity. Simply put,
community engagement is aimed at mobilizing the members and enjoining them to pool their minds, skills
and actions together for the accomplishment of community development goals.

Another thing to remember about community engagement would be its core principles. There are
several core principles of community engagement according to www.aese.psu.edu and they are as follows:

1. Careful planning and Preparation. People should not just plunge into anything without knowledge
about the activity or without any tool to engage in it. An endeavor should not be instinctive,
otherwise, you cannot be sure of what lies ahead. You have to lay down a plan and
accompanying procedure as well for a clear roadmap of the participants. Community
engagement is not a spur-of-the-moment rather the product of a careful assessment of
community situations or scenarios.

2. Inclusion and demographic diversity. Regardless of the location, color, beliefs, socio-economic status,
ethnicity, gender (and any other indicator), of the community members, their voices,
sentiments, ideas and thoughts must be considered. Community engagement is not a selective
endeavor. Streamlined or marginalized members of the community must not be left out.

3. Collaboration and shared purpose. Since community engagement involves practically all the members
of the group, then collaboration and cooperation are preconditioned principles. Institutions-
government and nongovernment, based therein must work together with the community folks
for better results.

4. Openness and learning. Allow the pooling of thoughts and sentiments to have a better assessment of
the scenarios in the community, in preparation for a community engagement plan. The more
suggestion, the more ideas to choose from.

5. Transparency and Trust. The plan and the process to be undergone with must be an open book to the
members of the community to avoid the stemming of doubts. If the community engagement
entails logistics, there has to be a clear record of such. Should it involve partner agencies, their
names and affiliations must be spelled out as well. No deceptions on the whereabouts of the
plan as well as the activity.

6. Impact and Action. There has to be an assurance of a positive development as an outcome of a concerted
endeavor. The activity involved in the community engagement should be suggestive of potential
change rather than become a liability to the community.

7. Sustained engagement and participatory culture. The planned activity must be geared towards honing
the participative nature and sense of volunteerism in the members of the community. And, there
has to be a scheme whereby ongoing and would-be activities for community engagement is
supported and sustained.

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 The last relevant and necessary detail which we must learn about community engagement pertains
to its pillars. Pillars here would refer to the so-called building blocks or the indicators to support a
productive and of community engagement. We could enumerate them as:

1. Build Capacity, where the people in the community are capacitated according to their own growth and
development pace. This would result to a change-potential engagement.

2. Reduce Barriers. Because of the principles of inclusion, collaboration and openness, whatever thin line
dividing the community members is eradicated, an indication of a productive prospective
community engagement.

3. Communication. The community members learn the basics of listening and speaking as well. People
learn not only to talk immensely but to become good listeners, too. Such skills are but
necessary for better understanding amongst the members of the community. When all the
people know is talk without listening to the others, then they will not come into terms with
each other. When a communication vacuum occurs, engagement will not be possible at all.

4. Action-oriented dialogue. The last pillar refers to the motivating indicators to enjoin the members
participate actively in community engagement. Such comes in the form of rewards system
to benefit the entirety of the community.

B. Solidarity

One of the most significant component of community engagement is solidarity. And, what is
solidarity? Taguibao (2016 p25) defined solidarity as “the idea of unity or feeling of agreement among
individuals with a common interest.” It allows us to feel sentimentally united with the people in the
community or with the people with whom we share some commonalities with like interest, circumstance
or the like. It is the sense of togetherness among the members of a group. It could also refer to the “union
or fellowship arising from common responsibilities and interests, as between members of a group or
between classes, peoples, etc.” (www.dictionary.com) This definition involves responsibility. In other
words, unity does not just refer to physical togetherness or oneness rather it presupposes the responsible
disposition of the people who endeavor in agreement with other people. Solidarity could also symbolize
unity in diversity, where the different demographic circumstances of the members of a given community
do not serve as hindrance to their sense of oneness. Taking solidarity into the actual scenario, we could say
that the overflowing prayer brigade and sending of relief goods for the people of Cagayan and Isabela who
were badly devastated by typhoon Ulysses, are deeds in solidarity with our fellow Filipinos. That despite
the distance, we have shown that we are one with them in feeling their awe and pain. That is solidarity.

C. Community Development

When community action is implemented and the people have expressed their solidarity as they toiled
through a community engagement, change must have occurred therein. When change for the better has
taken place- the people were empowered, issues and problems were resolved, then, community

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development has occurred. From this premise, what is community development then? Community
development is “both a process and product.” (Taguibao, 2016). As a process, Taguibao (2016) says, “it
requires an integrative approach to systematically assess the problem, capacitate the community and solve
a problem.” As a product, Maser (1997) defines community development as the “capacity to work together
to address their common interests.”

As per www.scdc.org.uk, community development is a “process where people come together to

take action on what’s important to them.” At its heart, community development is anchored from the belief
that the community members have the right to have access to health, well-being, riches, justice and
opportunity. From this qualification of the concept community development, and that of Taguibao, we can
safely say that community development involves change which shall empower and capacitate the people.
The depth of the change is immaterial because what matters is the difference that it shall bring to the people.

Forms of Community Engagement

Community engagement could come in different forms, in a variation of collaborative activities

and spearheaded by different focal persons. Whatever form it is, community engagement will always be
geared towards the mobilization of the people to become productive through concerted efforts and it will
eradicate the concept of individualism and do away with self-vested interests.

1. Community Building
Community Building as a form of community engagement is focused on enjoining the people to be
highly mobilized to have an active participation in community activities. As per the core principle of
inclusion and demographic diversity, no community shall be left behind, thus, practically, everyone in the
community must be involved in this type of community engagement. Everybody must be seen say,
elsewhere in the area doing what everyone else is doing. If it is a seminar-workshop, let all sectors be
represented; if it is a leadership training program, capacitate everyone; if it is a literacy (reading) program,
let those concerned- young and old alike- be involved. One sector would be tasked on planning and
preparation, another, to prepare for the venue and other pertinent materials or needed equipment, still
another sector to be assigned for the training proper, and so on and so forth.

2. Community Education
This type of community engagement takes the form of instructional service to the people. As the
word suggests, community education has the purpose of informing the community members of a little
something about anything that is happening around them. A classic example of which is the holding of
health and wellness seminars, specifically, a seminar-workshop about the aftermath of Covid19, or a
continuous information-dissemination program about the different diseases emerging from time to time.

Education at this context shall either be formal or informal. Formal education would be extended
through the day-care center and a community elementary or high school. While informal education would
be in through the classes conducted regarding food preservation, tailoring and dressmaking, hair science,
woodcraft, horticulture, and the like

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3. Community Organizing
Community Organizing, as a form of community engagement, involves projects which bring the
people together with the purpose of finding a solution to whatever issues or problems are through a
collective effort. An example would be the conduct of a training-workshop on food preservation. Such a
program would solve the unemployment issue amongst community members, and if the material to be used
is localized, then it would build local economic resilience.

4. Deliberative Dialogue
The holding of a community-wide meeting on a regular basis This activity becomes the venue where
the people could air their sentiments and where the community focal persons could find substantial time to
communicate with the members. This is the type of community engagement where ideas a developed,
sentiments are made known and answered, and thoughts are concretized through a collaborative effort. It
is in this type of community engagement where the people who could be experiencing adversities are made
to feel that they are comforted through a dialogue with the other members of the community.

5. Direct Service
From the words direct service alone, we can conclude that this is the form of community engagement
which will provide the needed services or products to the people. These would come in the form of health
services (consultation, distribution of medicines or immunization), social services (like education,
socialized housing, provision of relief goods during states of emergency, job training), services for the
elderly and the handicapped.

6. Economic Development
This is the type of community engagement which specifically involves the implementation of
community action programs which will benefit the entire community and where the people themselves shall
be the participants in the community engagement. As cited earlier, programs like food preservation training-
workshop using local products and materials will capacitate a certain sector but the economic effect would
extend to the community. The implementation of cottage industry training programs will as well bring about
change in the community.

7. Engaged Research
Engaged Research is the form of community engagement where the underlying causes of
community-related issues and problems, mapping the assets of the community- with particular reference to
landforms, natural scenic spots, or sources of raw materials, or providing solutions to the issues and
problems challenging the community are to be accomplished. This should be made possible through the
immersion in the community of partners whose expertise is research. These researchers shall be working
together with the community who shall be providing the needed data for the completion of the research or
the study. It may not literally mean the direct participation of everyone; the involvement could be coursed
through the community focal persons.

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C. Readings:

RECOGNIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF SOLIDARITY IN PROMOTING NATIONAL AND

GLOBAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Nature of National and Global Communities

When we talk about ‘solidarity’ we are actually referring to the one and united action as a group or
as a community or even as a nation.

Because we are tying up solidarity with global and national community development, then, we start
our discussion on what global and national communities are.

Development in the National and Global Communities

Generally, community development is said to have occurred when the community folks toiled
through a collective action, people have been empowered, and a social change has taken place. It is
strived for and accomplished with solidarity amongst the people in view in the implementation of a
community action.

As defined earlier in the previous lesson, community development is “both a process and product.”
(Taguibao, 2016). As a process, Taguibao (2016) says, “it requires an integrative approach to systematically
assess the problem, capacitate the community and solve a problem.” So that community development does
not just occur in an instant, rather it follows the standard methodology where Needs Assessment has to be
conducted first and foremost followed by the preparation of an action plan, designing of a monitoring and
evaluation tools then proceeds with the implementation of the program or developmental project. Such a
standard process is undergone through a concerted effort of the well-informed members still of the
community and not just done by one or two persons. As a process, community development has to be
characterized as one which encourages group or team-building, leadership development of potential
members of the community, and capacity-enhancement of the community.

As a product, Maser (1997) defines community development as the “capacity to work together to
address their common interests.” This obtains when needs assessment and the rest of procedure has been
done. As a product, this would refer to the actual community development program implementation which
entails the active and collective participation of the members of the community.

Now, let us give a qualitative description of development along the levels of national and global
communities. First, there could be development in a national community when all the inhabitants in a given
territory endeavor as one people, with their gaze directed towards one goal and one united action. The
program in sight is not sporadic, rather, focus is on one action plan at a time. Examples of instances of
national community development are manifested in health programs like family planning programs, women
empowerment activities like the implementation of food preservation seminar-workshop, cottage industry
seminar-workshop for the men or women or the out-of-school youth. Such community development is
implemented and financed by the government or in partnership with locally-based nongovernmental
organizations, charities or foundations, local corporations or funding institutions.

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 On the other hand, when we speak of global community development, it could be manifested in
capacity-building programs of local organizations, partner local governments, and communities to be
economically, socially and environmentally independent or self-sustaining. Such a program is implemented
and sustained by transnational or global community councils or international charities or foundations
international corporations or internationally-based nongovernment organizations, with the likes of the Bill
and Melinda Gates Foundation, Open Society Foundations, Ford Foundation, Children’s Investment Fund
Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, the European Union, and the IACD (International Association for
Community Development).

Indicators of the Importance of Solidarity in National and Global Community Development’

For the attainment of national and global community development, solidarity is a necessary
requisite. To this end, the following then are the indicators which presuppose the importance of solidarity
in national or global community development:

1. Solidarity is the building block of movements which embody the members’ mutual care and
concern for justice. With solidarity in view, the participants or members of the community first and
foremost manifest respect and understanding of whatever differences in terms of needs and living condition
which may exist between and amongst them. Thus, when people stand in solidarity with others, this is a
clear indication that each one is geared towards care and concern of the other’s actual life conditions. As
Aristotle once wrote “no man could exist humanly, nor simply to survive.” And, taking a line from a song,
“no man is an island, no man stands alone”, which shows that man exists not only by himself but with the
need of other people’s care and concern as well.

2. Solidarity capacitates the community members to take on the responsibilities and roles in the light
of collective interest. For community development to occur, it is incumbent in the people to take upon
themselves the duties and responsibilities not for personal satisfaction but in the interest of the community
as whole. In the performance of their roles, they must always think of the welfare and benefit of the
community in general.

3. Solidarity allows the people to overcome adversities. Solidarity is a very important ingredient in
community development because such would not be attained when the people are not one in facing
situations or problems that would probably beleaguer the community. The people are duty-bound to support
each other and not to let each other down. It is not a matter of becoming self-oriented in terms of dealing
with difficulties, but still a matter of concerted endeavor. In the long run, adversities are more conveniently
dealt with when group effort is exerted. Eventually, when adversities are overcome, most likely, the
community is on the road towards development.

4. Solidarity strengthens the bond and unites the people to act in a collective manner. When people
are united for a common cause, the stronger the bonding becomes and the more they stick it out with each
other. For instance, when the community folks clamor for a water system, particularly in the more remote
areas, strong support for each other manifests a close bonding or a close community ties. When no
dissension surfaces, this is indicative already of strong ties between and amongst them.

5. Solidarity initiates and sustains any collective effort. A collective effort anchors from the
solidarity of the people in a community. And because of solidarity, all concerted endeavors are continuously
implemented. The moment solidarity loses its grasp on the people, that would be the start of the decadence
of collective endeavor and the community would probably be back to individuals as members and no longer
individuals as cooperating and collaborating participants to development.

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D. EXAMPLE:

https://www.researchgate.net/

(https://www.shutterstock.com/image-ilustration/parade-3d-people- (https://www.shutterstock.com/search/global+community )
forming-top-view-11744181/)

PART II. ACTIVITY PROPER

Activity No. 1 – Find Me:
Directions: Find and underline the given word on the letter fool.
COOPERATION EDUCATION ENGAGEMENT
INCLUSION PROCESS SOLIDARITY
TRANSPARENCY TRUST

N R Z L A M Z Q D H L V D Y S
S O M U C H D I J M X C W Q O
S X I K Q O I P R D Z K D A T
E E D T Z N O I S U L C N I U
C N T R A N S P A R E N C Y S
O G U C L C T R E K Q R L O C
R A A L U S U K D R H C L G T
P G B Y U K E D J O A I H S P
U E Z R Q A Z L E Q D T E N D
Y M T M E Q G F G A V P I N G
A E P Z R O W B R D L S D O O
Q N C N Y Z W I A B Y G L P N
H T J M L F T L X H L W A L T
N C Z Z V Y O W T I V V W W Z
V M W X P V A B P P R J Z X W

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Activity No. 2 – Action Plan.

Direction: Direction. Read carefully and understand the scenario which will serve as your guide
for the action plan that you are going to prepare.

Imagine yourself as either the Barangay Captain or the Barangay Focal Person for the Community
Action Program. What measures would you take to elicit solidarity among the members of your community
for a successful implementation of your community action program? What would you do to make the
community folks participate in the implementation of the community action program?

Prepare an action plan regarding the above matter through a narrative or tabular presentation. The
output has to be encoded, using Bookman Old style, font 11, with a 1” margin on all sides or legibly
handwritten.

Additional guide questions.

1. What is the name or title of the community engagement activity?
2. Who is/ are the focal person/s?
3. What are the specific activities of engagement?
4. Who are the participants to the community engagement?
5. What is the timeline for the community engagement?

Narrative template
The community action program is ________________.

The key players in the implementation of the program are

___________________________________________________________________________________.
(then discuss the assigned tasks or roles of each, and the participation of the community folks as well)

Tabular template
(A short narrative on what you have done to make the people toil for the implementation of the
program.)
Key Players Task/Role Expected Output

This activity shall be evaluated according to the rubric below:

Category Description Points
assignment
Content Comprehensive presentation: Ideas as are logical; ____ out of 4
Unnecessary ideas are excluded
Originality Demonstrates sufficient personal interpretation or ____ out of 3
insight.
Mechanics Followed the technical requirements; Grammatically ____ out of 3
correct sentence structure and use of appropriate
language.

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KEY TO CORRECTION:
Activity No. 1
N
S O C
S I O
E E T N O I S U L C N I
C N T R A N S P A R E N C Y S
O G C T E O
R A S U R L
P G U D A I
E R E D T
M T A I
E R O
N I N
T T
Y

Activity No. 2
Answers may vary

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PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Directions: Read the statements or questions carefully and select the best answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

______1. This is the idea of unity or feeling of agreement among individuals with a common interest.
A. Citizenship C. Unity
B. Solidarity D. Cooperation

______2. It is the process where members of a community act as collective to solve and address community
problems and issues.
A. Community Awareness C. Community Action
B. Community Development D. Community Plan

______3. This is essential in addressing problems and ensuring the safety, protection, and well-being of
community members to effect social change.
A. Community Awareness C. Community Action
B. Community Development D. Community Plan

______4. Individuals and groups of people collaboratively working based on common attributes,
geographic proximity, or special interest.
A. Community Awareness C. Community Action
B. Community Development D. Community Engagement

______5. The process of community development has the following characteristics EXCEPT one
A. It involves participation from a selected segment of a community.
B. It uses systematic approach in addressing local concerns.
C. It uses processes that are fixed and may be applied exclusively in the community itself.
D. It encourages group building, leadership development and capacity building among
community members.

______6. Members are encouraged to take responsibilities and risks.

A. Contribution C. Capability
B. Continuity D. Conscience

______7. Members are guided by principles and ethics in practicing community engagement
A. Contribution C. Capability
B. Continuity D. Conscience

______8. Participants are not just observers but active players as well.
A. Contribution C. Capability
B. Continuity D. Conscience

______9. Members work interdependently toward their vision in an environment where there is sharing
and trust.
A. Collaboration C. Contribution
B. Commitment D. Conscience

______10. Mutual benefit beyond self-interest.

A. Collaboration C. Contribution
B. Commitment D. Conscience

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 B. TRUE or False
Directions: Read and analyze the statements given below. Write TRUE if the statement states a
correct information and write False if the statement states a wrong information.

_______ 1. Solidarity strengthens the bond and unites the people to act in an individual manner.

_______ 2. By nature a national community refers to the aggrupation and connectedness of people who
share the same territorial boundaries, speak the different languages, share the same
psychological orientation as manifested in a cultural orientation and talk about the same
historical accounts.

_______3. A global community has reference to the “people or nations of the world, considered as being
closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being economically, socially, and
politically independent.

_______ 4. Community development is said to be both a process and a methodology.

_______5. In the implementation of global community developmental programs, local funding institutions
help in the logistics area.

C. PERFORMANCE TASK: Hands-On

Directions: Look closely at the image and whatever you think of the image, please reduce it to a
creative interpretation in the form of a poem writing, spoken poetry, song writing,
singing (own lyrics) or a brief narrative (essay). The activity (Picture Analysis shall
be evaluated using the rubric below.

RUBRIC
Criteria Description Points
Content Relevant to the topic; Related or connected statements; Grammatically correct ____ out of 4
sentences.
Originality Statements or sentences are not copy-pasted. ____ out of 3
Presentation Use of Proper Language; Use of correct spelling or vocabulary; Use of proper ____ out of 3
or correct punctuation marks; Follow the prescribed number of words/time.

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REFERENCES:
Printed Materials
Padilla R. A. (2016) Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Ciizenship. JFS Publishing
Services, Manila, Philippines.
Taguibao and de Guzman. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship.
(2017). Quezon City, Philippines. Vibal Publications.

Weblinks
https://www.dictionary.com/brows/global-community
https://aleteia.org/2018/12/08/solidarity-why-we-need-it-and-how-to-get-it/
http://globaleducationmagazine.com/solidarity-survival-existence/
https://www.moneytrans.eu/moneytransblog/en/solidarity-the-most human-value/
https://www.iacdglobal.org/
http://commdev.ca/Chapter%201.pdf
https://www.devex.com/organizations/global-communities-20571
https://sustainingcommunity.wordpress.com/2012/04/07/types-of-community-engagement/
https://students.morris.umn.edu/community-engagement/types-comunity-engagement
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Types-of-community-engagemen_fig3_44623161/download
https://www.scdc.org.uk/who/what/-is-community-development
https://www.forbes.com/sites/yes/2012/12/25/the-4-pillars-of-community-management/
https://www.community.mcmaster.ca/aboutstrategic-priorities/pillars-of-community-engagement/
https://aese.psu.edu/research/centers/cecd/engagement-toolbox/engagement/core-principles-of-community-
engagement
https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/community-engagement/why-community-engagement-imprtant

Checked by:

BEVERLY L. GARCIA DAPHNE M. MAGNO JUNELYN J. SAPITULA

Checking Committee Chairman Checking Committee Member Checking Committee Member
Grade 12 Curriculum Chairman Grade 12 Adviser Grade 11 Curriculum Chairman

Recommending Approval:

DOMINGO T. DISMAYA II, EdD

SHS Assistant Principal II

Approved:

EMELDA T. HERNANDEZ
Principal III

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