THE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY(IU) - VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCMC

FINAL EXAMINATION
Semester 1, 2014-15 • Date: January 05, 2015 • Duration: 120 minutes

SUBJECT: CALCULUS 2 for BT

Department of Mathematics Lecturer

Chair:

Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Dinh Dr. Nguyen Minh Quan

INSTRUCTIONS: Each student is allowed a scientific calculator, a Table

of Area Under a Normal Curve, and a maximum of two double-sided sheets
of reference material (size A4 or similar), stapled together and marked with
their name and ID. All other documents and electronic devices are forbidden.

1. An isolated fish population can be approximated by a limited growth

model due to the amount of food available. Assume the fish population is
limited to 5000, growing with a growth rate of 1% per year, and there are now
150 fish.
(a) (10 points) Write a differential equation for the rate of growth of this fish
population and solve it.
(b) (5 points) Estimate the fish population at the end of 5 years.
(c) (5 points) When will the fish population attain 500? What happens to this
fish population as time approaches infinity?

2. The population of rabbits R (in thousands) and wolves W (in hundreds)

in an isolated forest are modelled by the following equations
dR
= 0.04R − 0.001RW
dt
dW
= −0.08W + 0.0001RW
dt
(a) (10 points) Find the equilibrium populations, where W > 0 and R > 0.
(b) (10 points) If at a certain time there are 100 wolves and 1000 rabbits, find
an equation relating R and W .

3. Suppose the weights of mice in a certain laboratory are normally dis-

tributed with mean 16 grams and standard deviation 3 grams. Find the prob-
ability that a randomly selected mouse weighs
(a) (10 points) between 15 and 21 grams?
(b) (10 points) more than 20 grams?

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4. The distance (in meters) that seeds are dispersed from the certain kind of
plant is a random variable X with probability density function defined by

f (x) = Ce−0.08x for x ∈ [0, ∞),

where C is a constant.
(a) (10 points) Find C.
(b) (5 points) Find the probability that there is a seed within 5 meters of the
plant.
(c) (5 points) Find E(X) and the standard deviation of the distribution.

5. A factory produces its entire output with three machines. Machines I, II,
and III produce 40%, 35%, and 25% of the output, but 1%, 2%, and 3% of
their outputs are defective, respectively.
(a) (10 points) If an item is selected at random, find the probability that the
item is defective.
(b) (10 points) Suppose an item is selected at random and is found to be de-
fective. Find the probability that the item was produced by machine III.

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAL2 (BT) FINAL EXAM, SEM. I, 2014-2015

1. (a) (10 points) Let P (t) be the size of fish population at time t. The
differential equation is
dP
= k (N − P ) ,
dt
where k = 0.01 and N = 5000.
To solve this differential equation, we can use the method of separating vari-
ables (alternatively, one can use the method of integrating factor):
dP
= 0.01dt
5000 − P
Integrating both sides of the equation
Z Z
dP
= 0.01dt
5000 − P

ln |5000 − P | = −0.01t + C0
This implies
P (t) = 5000 − Ce−0.01t ,
where C is a constant. Using the initial condition P (0) = 150 kg to get
C = 4850. Therefore,

P (t) = 5000 − 4850e−0.01t (fish)

[Note: Write a DE: 2 points, solve the DE for the general solution: 5 points,
and 3 points for finding constant C from the IC]
(b) (5 points) If t = 5, then P (5) = 5000 − 4850e−0.05 ≈ 387 (fish).
(c) (5 points) P (t) = 5000 − 4850e−0.01t = 500 when t = 0.011
ln( 4850
4500
) ≈ 7.49
(years).
Therefore, P (t) = 500 fish when t ≈ 7.49 years.
Note that lim P (t) = lim [5000 − 4850e−0.01t ] = 5000. As time approaches
t→∞ t→∞
infinity, P (t) thus approaches 5000 (fish).

2. (a) (10 points) We re-write the system of differential equations as

dR
= R(0.04 − 0.001W )
dt
dW
= W (−0.08 + 0.0001R)
dt
Solving the following system for the equilibrium populations:

R(0.04 − 0.001W ) = 0
 W (−0.08 + 0.0001R) = 0
The equilibrium populations (W > 0, R > 0) thus are
0.04 0.08
W = = 40 (hundreds of fish), R= = 800 (thousands of fish).
0.001 0.0001
(b) (10 points)

dW dW/dt W (−0.08 + 0.0001R)

= =
dR dR/dt R(0.04 − 0.001W )

Using the method of separating variables

(400 − 10W ) dW (R − 800) dR

=
W R
(400 − 10W ) dW (R − 800) dR
Z Z
=
W R
This implies
10W + R − 400 ln W − 800 ln R = C
Since W = 1 and R = 1 at a time t, we get an equation relating R and W

10W + R − 400 ln W − 800 ln R = 11

(Or, alternatively, 0.0001R − 0.08 ln R + 0.001W − 0.04 ln W = 0.0011)

3. (a) (10 points) Let X represent the weights of random mouse. Also, let
Z = X−16
3
, then Z is a standard normal RV. The probability that a randomly
selected mouse weighs between 15 and 21 grams thus is
 
15 − 16 X − 16 21 − 16
P (15 < X < 21) = P < < =
3 3 3

P (−0.33 < Z < 1.67) = φ (1.67) − φ (−0.33) = 0.9525 − 0.3707 = 0.5818

(Remark: To get full credits, students should mention what random variables
X and Z are)
(b) (10 points) The probability that a randomly selected mouse weighs
more than 20 grams is
 
X − 16 20 − 16
P (X > 20) = 1 − P (X 6 20) = 1 − P 6
3 3

= 1 − P (Z 6 1.33) = 1 − 0.9082 = 0.0918

4. (a) (10 points) We note that
Z∞
Ce−0.08x dx = 1
0

On the other hand

Z∞ Zt  −0.08x t
e−0.08t
 
−0.08x −0.08x e 1 1
e dx = lim e dx = lim = lim − =
t→∞ t→∞ −0.08 t→∞ 0.08 0.08 0.08
0
0 0

Thus C = 0.08.
(b) (5 points) The probability that there is a seed within 5 meters of the plant
is
Z5
5
P (0 6 X 6 5) = 0.08e−0.08x dx = e−0.08x 0 = 1 − e−0.4 = 0.3297
0

(c) (5 points) Using the method of integration by parts and L’Hospital’s rule,
we obtain
Z∞
1
µ = E (X) = xe−0.08x dx = = 12.5
0.08
0
Z∞
Var(X) = x2 e−0.08x dx − µ2 = 12.52 , thus σ = 12.5
0
(Students must show calculations in detail.)

5. (a) (10 points) Let I, II, and III be the event that the randomly selected
item was produced by machine I, II, and III, respectively. Let D be the
event the randomly selected item is defective. The probability that the item
is defective is given by the total probability:
P (D) = P (I) P (D|I) + P (II) P (D|II) + P (III) P (D|III)
Thus,
P (D) = 0.4 × 0.01 + 0.35 × 0.02 + 0.25 × 0.03 = 0.0185
(b) (10 points) Due to the Bayes’ theorem, if an item is selected at random
and is found to be defective, then the probability that the item was produced
by machine III is
P (III) P (D|III) 0.25 × 0.03
P (III|D) = = = 0.4054
P (D) 0.0185

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