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  • Anesthetics: Assignment No. 1

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    Noor Sami
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    Local anesthetics are classified as amide or ester types. They block sodium channels to prevent the conduction of action potentials in nerves. This voltage-dependent blockade occurs when the local anesthetic interacts with the inner inactivated sodium channel during an action potential. Potential adverse effects on the central nervous system from overdose include dizziness, seizures, and increased sleep or sedation. Effects on the cardiovascular system include bradycardia, decreased pacemaker activity, and hypotension, which can be treated with intravenous fluids.

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    Local anesthetics are classified as amide or ester types. They block sodium channels to prevent the conduction of action potentials in nerves. This voltage-dependent blockade occurs when the local anesthetic interacts with the inner inactivated sodium channel during an action potential. Potential adverse effects on the central nervous system from overdose include dizziness, seizures, and increased sleep or sedation. Effects on the cardiovascular system include bradycardia, decreased pacemaker activity, and hypotension, which can be treated with intravenous fluids.

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    10 views3 pages

    Anesthetics: Assignment No. 1

    Uploaded by

    Noor Sami
    Local anesthetics are classified as amide or ester types. They block sodium channels to prevent the conduction of action potentials in nerves. This voltage-dependent blockade occurs when the local anesthetic interacts with the inner inactivated sodium channel during an action potential. Potential adverse effects on the central nervous system from overdose include dizziness, seizures, and increased sleep or sedation. Effects on the cardiovascular system include bradycardia, decreased pacemaker activity, and hypotension, which can be treated with intravenous fluids.

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    of 3

    ANESTHETICS

    ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
    Q7. Discuss mechanism of local anesthetics and classify them.

    A. The local anesthetics are classified as


    - Amide local anesthetics (eg. Lidocaine)
    - Ester local Anesthetics (eg. Tetracaine)

    The mechanism of local anesthetics is that they block Na+ channel and conductance of action
    potential. The blockage is voltage and time dependent. The Na+ channels are closed at rest and
    when open with action potential.
    As excitation occurs the local anesthetic interact with the inner inactivated Na+ channel and
    block sodium current
    As the action potential stops the anesthetic effect is produced.

    Q8. Write down the Adverse effects of local anesthetics on CNS.

    A. The adverse effect of local anesthetics are usually because of overdose


    They can cause adverse effect on CNS and CVS

    At the level of CVS


    - Bradycardia can occur as the Na+ channels are blocked
    - Pacemaker activity can decrease
    - Hypotension
    These side effects can be treated by administering IV fluids to the patient.
    At level of CNS
    - Dizziness and lightheaded feeling,
    - Tonic colonic seizures
    - some drugs can cause increased sleep and sedation eg lidocaine

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