Lab 8

Learning objectives:
 Learn to use PRIMARY KEY constraint.
 Learn to use FOREIGN KEY constraint.
 Learn to use AUTO INCREMENT field.

8.0 Preliminaries

Create a new database named as “Lab8”.

CREATE DATABASE Lab8;

Select “Lab8” database for use.

USE Lab8;

8.1 PRIMARY KEY Constraint

The PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a table. Primary keys must contain
UNIQUE values, and cannot contain NULL values. A table can have only ONE primary key, which
can consist of single or multiple columns (attributes).

PRIMARY KEY on CREATE TABLE

Create a table “Customer” with attributes of customer id, name, address, and date of birth and create
the primary key on “customer id” column.

CREATE TABLE Customer (

CustomerID INT NOT NULL,
CustomerFirstName VARCHAR(30),
CustomerLastName VARCHAR(30),
CustomerAddress VARCHAR(50),
CustomerEmail VARCHAR(30),
PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID)
);

Show the structure of “Customer” table.

DESCRIBE Customer;

PRIMARY KEY on ALTER TABLE

Create a table “SaleOrder” with attributes of id, total amount and order date.

CREATE TABLE SaleOrder (

SaleOrderID INT,
SaleOrderTotalAmount DECIMAL(11,2),
SaleOrderDate DATE
);

Add PRIMARY KEY constraint on “id” attribute of the ‘SaleOrder’ table.

 ALTER TABLE SaleOrder
ADD PRIMARY KEY (SaleOrderID);

Show the structure of “SaleOrder” table.

DESCRIBE SaleOrder;

Insert two new records in “SaleOrder” table.

INSERT INTO SaleOrder (SaleOrderID, SaleOrderTotalAmount)

VALUES (1, 12.50);

INSERT INTO SaleOrder VALUES (1, 11.11, ‘2019-11-11’);

DROP a PRIMARY KEY Constraint

ALTER TABLE SaleOrder

DROP PRIMARY KEY;

Now, insert a new record in “SaleOrder” table.

INSERT INTO SaleOrder VALUES (1, 11.11, ‘2019-11-11’);

Show all records in “SaleOrder” table.

SELECT * FROM SaleOrder;

Remove “SaleOrder” table.

DROP TABLE SaleOrder;

8.2 FOREIGN KEY Constraint

A FOREIGN KEY is to link two tables together. FOREIGN KEY is attribute(s) in a table that refers
to the PRIMARY KEY in another table.

FOREIGN KEY on CREATE TABLE

Create a table “SaleOrder” with attributes of id, total amount and order date. Create primary key on
“sale order id” attribute and include “customer id” attribute as foreign key.

CREATE TABLE SaleOrder (

SaleOrderID INT NOT NULL,
SaleOrderTotalAmount DECIMAL(11,2),
SaleOrderDate DATE,
CustomerID INT,
PRIMARY KEY (SaleOrderID),
FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES
Customer(CustomerID)
);

Show the structure of “SaleOrder” table.

 DESCRIBE SaleOrder;

Remove “SaleOrder” table.

DROP TABLE SaleOrder;

Create a table “SaleOrder” with attributes of id, total amount and order date. Create primary key on
“sale order id” attribute.

CREATE TABLE SaleOrder (

SaleOrderID INT NOT NULL,
SaleOrderTotalAmount DECIMAL(11,2),
SaleOrderDate DATE,
CustomerID INT,
PRIMARY KEY (SaleOrderID)
);

FOREIGN KEY on ALTER TABLE

Create a FOREIGN KEY constraint by specifying name of “SaleOrder_FK” on “customer id”
attribute in “SaleOrder” table.

ALTER TABLE SaleOrder

ADD CONSTRAINT SaleOrder_FK
FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID);

DROP a FOREIGN KEY Constraint

Remove the FOREIGN KEY constraint from ‘SaleOrder’ table.

ALTER TABLE SaleOrder

DROP FOREIGN KEY SaleOrder_FK;

8.3 AUTO INCREMENT field

Auto-increment generates a unique number automatically when a new record is inserted into a table. It
is used for the primary key field, which starts from 1(default) and is increment by 1 for each new
record.

MySQL AUTO_INCREMENT keyword

Create a table “Product” with attributes of product id, name (required attribute), description, and price.
Use auto increment on “product id” attribute.

CREATE TABLE Product (

ProductID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
ProductName VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
ProductDescription VARCHAR(100),
ProductPrice DECIMAL(8,2),
PRIMARY KEY (ProductID)
);
Insert new records in “Product” table.

INSERT INTO Product (ProductName, ProductPrice) VALUES

(‘Apple’, 3.52);

INSERT INTO Product (ProductName, ProductPrice) VALUES

(‘Orange’, 2.79);

Show all products from “Product” table.

SELECT * FROM Product;

To let the AUTO_INCREMENT sequence start with value of 50.

ALTER TABLE Product

AUTO_INCREMENT=50;

Insert new record in “Product” table.

INSERT INTO Product (ProductName, ProductPrice) VALUES

(‘Mango’, 9.99);

Show all products from “Product” table.

SELECT * FROM Product;

Insert new record in “Product” table.

INSERT INTO Product VALUES (3, ‘White Grapes’, ‘Local’, 5.99);

INSERT INTO Product VALUES (NULL, ‘Red Grapes’, ‘Imported’,

7.59);

INSERT INTO Product VALUES (99, ‘Coconut’, NULL, 8.42);

INSERT INTO Product (ProductName, ProductPrice) VALUES (‘Plum’,

2.79);

Show all products from “Product” table.

SELECT * FROM Product;