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Electrical Design - Latest Trends: Considerations in High-Rise Buildings in Philippine Settings
Electrical Design - Latest Trends: Considerations in High-Rise Buildings in Philippine Settings
1. Residential Buildings.
- residential condominium buildings and serviced-apartments.
3. Mixed-used Developments.
- combination of residential, hotel,
office, and retail development.
4. Institutional Buildings.
- hospitals, school campus and
universities, and headquarters.
B. Factors Affecting the Redevelopment
of a Facility.
1. General Factors.
a. Maximized lot area, location, zoning, land use and local
ordinances.
b. Market forces and demand, project cost and budget.
c. Availability of resources and time schedule.
2. Engineering Design Factors.
a. Existing Building conditions and limitations.
b. Available technology and innovation.
c. Fire and Life safety aspects.
d. Operations and maintenance (O&M) issues.
e. Engineering economics and return of investment (ROI).
f. Occupational health and environmental impact.
g. Maximizing existing equipment, upgrade or expansion.
C. Maximizing Existing, New Upgraded
Equipment or Expansion.
1. Maximizing Existing Equipment.
a. Electrical system audit, testing and appraisal of
existing electrical equipment and distribution systems.
b. Site inspection and validation of equipment O&M clearances.
c. Load profiling, load survey and load analysis.
d. Maximum demand of existing loads + projected loads.
2. New Equipment Upgrade or Expansion.
a. Added load flexibility and selectivity.
b. Future proofing and redundancy.
c. Maximized electrical equipment efficiency.
d. Electrical equipment room upsizing and upgrade, as well.
e. Electrical feeder routing and distribution study.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM -
BUILDING
DESIGN TRENDS
A. DESIGN DATA PARAMETERS FOR HRB –
Determination of Power Demand.
1. Design Load Profile.
a. Residential Building - 50~65 W / sq.m.
b. Regular Office - 100~125 W / sq.m.
c. BPO Office - 125~150 W / sq.m.
d. Non F&B Retail Loads - 200~250 W / sq.m.
e. F&B Retail Loads - 250~500 W / sq.m.
f. Parking/Storage Areas - 6~8 W / sq.m.
g. Building Admin. Loads - 40~100W / sq.m.
2. Applicable Demand Factor.
a. Residential Building - 10~23%
b. Regular and BPO Office - 55~65%
c. Non F&B and F&B Retail - 50~70%
d. Parking/Storage Areas - 70~80%
e. Building Admin. Loads - 70~80%
A. DESIGN DATA PARAMETERS FOR HRB –
Determination of Power Demand.
3. Design Criteria / Efficiency Class.
a. Lighting - efficient lighting initiave, lighting
controls, energy management, etc.
b. Receptacle Outlets - person load density, etc.
c. Airconditioning System - building placement, level of
comfort, airconditioning-type,
controls, energy management, etc.
d. Building Admin. Loads - automation controls, efficiencies.
4. Effective Building Areas.
a. Gross Floor Areas.
b. Net Floor Areas.
c. Leasable / Saleable Areas.
d. Contruction Floor Areas.
B. ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR HRB –
Load Duration Curves and Load Profiling.
1. Power Demand – in preliminary design phase, is calculated based
on estimated load density and effective floor areas.
2. Load Duration Curve – is a chart showing the variations of
electrical demand load values over a period of time :
a. How high is the base load?
b. What is the peak load?
c. Is there a typical consumption behavior?
3. Load Profiling – helps minimize utility demand charges and
system losses, and studies the present power demand and future
loads :
a. Load pattern.
b. Load peaks and seasonal variations.
c. Maximized equipment ratings and loss analyses.
B. ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR HRB –
Load Duration Curves and Load Profiling.
Sample of Load Duration Curve –
B. ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR HRB –
Load Duration Curves and Load Profiling.
Sample of Load Duration Curve –
B. ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR HRB –
Load Duration Curves and Load Profiling.
Sample of Load Profile –
B. ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR HRB –
Building Automation.
1. Building Automation – comprehensive solutions and services
for controlling :
a. Heating, Ventilation and Airconditioning.
b. Lighting systems.
c. Shutters and sunshields.
d. Elevators, lifts and escalators.
e. Sanitary pumps.
f. Standby power system.
2. Automated Room and Zone Controls – localized integrated
solutions for airconditioning, lighting, shutters, etc. :
a. Room Control Units.
b. KNX System.
C. REDUNDANT POWER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM – for High-Rise Buildings.
1. Nowadays, why is required?
a. For added redundancy, selectivity and flexibility.
b. For continuous 24/7/365 operations.
c. For scheduled preventive maintenance works.
d. For unforeseen equipment or feeder failures.
e. Future proofing?
2. What particular loads requires such?
a. Data Center / Server Rooms – Telecoms and Banks.
b. Mission-Critical and Security Buildings.
c. Hospitals and Health Care Institutions.
d. BPO and Call Center Loads.
e. Fire and Life Safety Loads.
C. REDUNDANT POWER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM – for High-Rise Buildings.
3. What type of equipment do we need?
a. Automatic transfer switches with bypass isolators.
b. Tie circuit breakers.
c. ATS/MTS for shifting to normal and redundant power sources.
d. Redundant feeder busducts or express feeder cabling system.
e. Redundant engine-generator system provisions.
f. Redundant power service entrance facility (if required).
C. REDUNDANT POWER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM – for High-Rise Buildings.
D. FIRE-RATED CABLES for High-Rise
Buildings - Why Specify?
1. Fire-rated Low-Smoke Halogen-Free (FR-LSHF) Cables.
a. Type-tested under BS 6387, and standards
defined by UL 2196.
b. Tested at 950°C for 3-hours, with water spray
and mechanical shock (fire event simulation).
c. CWZ-type tested.