TEST CODE O2I2OOIO

FORM TP 200s197 MAY/JUNE 2OO5

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
UNIT I: ECOLOGY, PEOPLEAND NATURALRESOURCE USE
PAPER OT

I hour 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

l. DO NOT open this examination paper until instructed to do so.

2. This paper consists of TWELVE questions.

3. Answer ALL questions.

4- Write your answers in the spaces or on the lines provided in this answer
booklet.

Copyright @ 2003 Caribbean Examinations Council.

All rights reserved.
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MODITLE 1

AnswerALL questions.

l. (a) Define and give an example of

(i) the hydrosphere

[2 marks]

(iD the lithosphere.

[2 marksl

(b) (i) Define the term'ecotone'.

Ilmarkl
(ii) State THREE characteristics of ecotones.

[3 marksl

Total S marks

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2. (a) Identifr the TWO types of competition that occur in ecosystems.

[2 marksl

(b) Which of the TWO types of competition identified in (a) is more intense? Explain your
answer.

[4 marksl

Total6 marks

3. Figure I represents the sequence ofecological succession at a tenestrial site.

Exposed Lichens Grasses Cedar

-IIerbs
Rock
-) + + Green heart
Mosses Shrubs Wallaba

Figure 1. Ecological succession at a terrestrial site

(a) State the type of ecological succession that is represented in Figure l.

[1 mark I

(b) From Figure l, identify

(i) the pioneer comrnunity

[1 mark I

(ii) the climax community.

I mark I

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(c) Describe the role of the pioneer community in ecological succession.

[4 marksl

Total T marks

4. (a) State the meaning of the term 'environmental resistance'.

[2 marksl
(b) (i) State TWO environmental resistance factors.

[ 2 marksl

(ii) Outline how environmental resistance may result in a decrease in the rate of growth
of a population.

[5 marksl
Total9 marks

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MODULE 2

AnswerALL questions.

5. The size of the population of a country in 1990 was 2 500 000. Table I shows the changes in
selected population parameters for this counrry from l99l to 1992.

TABLE l: CHANGES IN SELECTED POPULATION PARAMETERS, l99t to 1992

Change in Parameter
Population Parameter (Number perThousand)
Birth 29
Death 4
Immigration 2
Emigration 5

(a) Calculate
(i) the percenrage growth rate of the population

[4 marks]

(ii) the doubling time of the population.

[2 marks]

(b) In what year would the population size be approximately 5 000 000?

[2 marks]
Total8 marks
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6. (a) State TWO abiotic factors that affect the location of human populations.

[2 marksl

o) For the TWO abiotic factors stated in (a) above, outline TWO ways in which EACH affect the
location of populations.

[4 marksl

Total6 marks

7. The annual per capita waste production in 1998 was 876 kg for North America and292 kg for the
Caribbean.

(a) What is meant by the phrase 'per capita waste production'?

[2 marksl

(b) Suggest THREE reasons for the difterence in the per capita waste production for North America
and the Caribbean.

[6 marksl

Total S marks

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E. (a) Some selected population parameters for a highly developed country, X, and a developing
country, Y, are presented in random order below.

Doubling time Infant mortality rate Per capita Gross Domestic

Product (GDP) in US $

ll4 years l2Oper 1000 25 850

Z3years Sper 1000 130

Using the data above, complete Table 2 to show the correct relationships between the popula-
tion parameters and the type of country.

TABLE 2: POPULATION PARAMETERS OF COUNTRIES XAND Y

Population Parameter Developed Country, X Developing Country Y

Doubling time
Infant mortality rate

Per capita GDP (US $)

[3 marksl

(b) Outline the relationship between the three population parameters for Country Y which you
identified in Table 2.

[5 marksl

Total S marks

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MODULE 3

Answer ALL questions.

The diagram in Figure 2 depicts the relative positions of THREE types of coastal ecosystems, A,
B and C, found in Caribbean islands.

Landward
end

,.r,.{1ft
\\ r t \' - \ \ rr\'r-
r \
. ,
.
t
\\\\-\
\ \\
' ,' J
\ :t
I
-
(f t
-
, ( \ f / / ",',
/\
\ I r I ,, ,

Seaward
end

Figure 2. Relative positions of coastal ecosystems

(a) Identiff the THREE types of coastal ecosystems shown in Figure 2.

EcosystemA

Ecosystem B

Ecosystem C [3 marksl

(b) Describe ONE relationship between these three ecosystems.

[3 marksl

Total6 marks

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10. outline the importance of a NAMED natural resource in providing

(a) employment

[3 marlcs]

(b) foreign exchange.

[3 marks]

Total 6 marks

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11. The graph in Figure 3 shows the trend in annual use of locally produced timber in a Caribbean counbry
over a ten-year period.

6l

€
o,l

h
4€)
E
tr

Figure 3. Annual demand in timber or wood use

(a) State the trend in timber use over the period shown in Figure 3.

[1 mark I

(b) Outline TWO ways in which the trend stated in (a) will impact on the environment.

[ 4 marksl

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(c) State FOUR steps that could be taken to mitigate the environmental impacts that you outlined
in (b) on page 10.

[4 marks]

Total9 marks

12. (a) Define the term 'protected area'.

[3 marks]

o) Identify TWO categories of protected areas, under the International Union for the
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Classification System, that are of relevance to yourcountry.

[2 marks]

(c) State TWO reasons why EACH category that you have chosen in (b) above should be
protected.

[4 marks]

Total9 marks

END OF TEST

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