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HBI-120 Backscatter X-Ray Imager: Borders and Checkpoints
HBI-120 Backscatter X-Ray Imager: Borders and Checkpoints
▪ The scanning pencil beam x-rays range from Surveys were conducted using a Bicron MicroRem
Radiation Monitor. Some x-ray beam characteristics
25 to 120 keV — mean x-ray energy is 43 keV HBI-120 Backscattered Radiation were calculated using CERN Geant4 software
▪ The FWHM diameter of the scanning pencil ▪ As items are scanned, some x-rays will scatter back towards the operator
beam at the unit’s face is 0.13” (3.3 mm) ▪ Radiation decreases as the inverse square of distance — at twice the distance
▪ 1 ft. (30.5 cm) from the unit’s face, the beam from the scanned item, there will be ¼ the backscattered radiation
Semtex simulant in a motor vehicle dashboard FWHM diameter is ~0.5” (1. 2 cm) ▪ Backscattered radiation varies proportionately with the duration of each scan
Laptop Explosive x ▪ 3 ft., 3” (1 m) from the unit’s face, the beam ▪ The intensity and energies of the backscattered x-rays will depend on the
battery simulant FWHM diameter is ~1.2” (3.1 cm) physical properties of items being scanned with the HBI-120 — mean energy of
▪ 9 ft., 10” (3 m) from the unit’s face, the beam the backscattered x-rays ranges from 35 keV to 55 keV
FWHM diameter is ~3.4” (8.6 cm) Narcotics simulant in a metal can covered by pet food
▪ When the HBI-120 is used properly, the operator’s hands will always be the parts
Other Sources of Radiation Exposure of their body exposed to the most backscattered radiation from using the unit
▪ Typical bananas contain 45 μg of 40K that The table below shows backscattered radiation at various points around the unit
produces 0.01 milliREM (0.0001 milliSieverts) during scans of different items
of radiation; eating a banana a day will give
you ~3.6 milliREM (0.036 milliSieverts) of
Mobile phone IED simulant Laptop battery simulant radiation over the course of a year
▪ Radiation exposure varies with the duration,
latitude and altitude of flights, but averages
x ~0.5 milliREM (0.005 milliSieverts) per hour
of flying. Flying 30,000 miles (48,400 km) a Narcotics simulant hidden in a car tire
year will expose you to 25 to 30 milliREM
(0.25 to 0.30 milliSieverts) of radiation
Pressure cooker IED simulant in a backpack ▪ A typical barium enema gives a patient ~700 ▪ Most countries have similar radiation safety regulations for the general public
milliREM (7.0 milliSieverts) of radiation ▪ The U.S. Dept. of Labor OSHA guidelines for allowable radiation from non-natural
sources for the general public is 100 milliREM (1.0 milliSievert) per year
HBI-120 Exclusion Zone
Operator radiation doses are calculated below for different HBI-120 use scenarios
At a distance of 3 ft., 3” (1 m) from the unit’s
Hours per year HBI- % of time scanning items Annual operator’s–hands General Public % General
face, the maximum direct beam radiation is 120 is used by one doses, scanning typical annual dose limit, Public annual
85.5 mREM/hr.(0.855 mSv/hr.) A member of operator samples, mREM (mSv) mREM (mSv) dose limit
the U.S. general public could be exposed at 1,600 (32 h per week) 50% (heavy duty cycle) 50 – 90 ( 0.5–0.9 ) 100 (1.0) 50 – 90%
this distance to several 10-second scans each
1,250 (25 h per week) 25% (typical duty cycle) 20 – 35 ( 0.2–0.35) 20 – 35%
day and stay below the annual OSHA general
public dose limit for non-natural radiation. 500 (10 h per week) 10% (light duty cycle) 3 – 6 (0.03–0.06) 3 – 6%
A 3 ft., 3” (1 m) exclusion zone in front of the ▪ Most HBI-120 operators — even operators who use the unit many hours each
HBI-120 when scanning will provide members week and frequently scan items such as car interiors that produce relatively high
PVC pipe bomb IED simulant in a backpack of the general public with more than adequate backscatter radiation — will never be exposed on or any part of their bodies to Cocaine simulant behind an aircraft ceiling panel
protection in typical operating conditions. annual radiation doses above those allowed to members of the general public