ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY,ISLAMABAD

SEMESTER TERMINAL EXAM

Student Name Aneeda Shabir

Father Name Muhammad Shabir
Roll Number BZ660998
Registration Number 19PST09067
Course Code 8612
Paper Professionalism in Teaching
Level B .ed (1.5 Year)
Semester Autumn,2020
Tutor Name Liaqat Ali Rana
AIOU SEMESTER TERM EXAMS(STE) CODE-8612
Question No.1:Examine the situation of professionalism in teacher education institutions of
Pakistan.Also examine how professional dispositions have impact on teacher’s
performance?

Answer. Situation of Professionalism in Teacher Education of Pakistan

Professionalism:- It comes with responsibilities that must at all times be discharged by the
professionals for the benefit of the public at large.It is basically a pattern of how a profession
develops as well as the process of becoming a profession..So.the content of a profession with
moral and ethical behaviors is referred to as professionalism.
Teacher Education Institution in Pakistan:- A teacher job is a highly respected and specialized
field that covers various subjects,techniques for teaching and it is the main source of delivering
education for students.Teacher education as a program,research institution or training center that
become developed for teacher training and competence that will be able to empower the teacher
and they will be able to attain the innovative technique of teaching and face all the new
challenges of the education field.So,teacher education encompasses teaching skills, pedagogical
theory and professional skills.
In Pakistan, teacher training institutions are managed by the Bureau of Curriculum and Extension
for pre-service programs while the Provincial Institution of Teacher Education responsible for in-
service training programs.In Pakistan, there issues concern teacher training such as limitation of
resources, infrastructure,teacher carelessness about students' problems,limited technological
facilities that need to be upgraded.Many education stakeholders will concern with that issues and
build up a training center for making education innovation through different teaching techniques
and skills.
Objectives of Teacher Education Institutions:- Educators come in an institution with beliefs
commitments and moral codes that bring their schooling program and teaching skills that enable
their students to achieve an oriented goal in life.The need for teacher education institutions for
the teacher become significant for all levels of education like from pre-primary to higher levels
for attaining enough abilities,knowledge and skills.To aquire, this training teachers not only to
attain the practical and theoretical knowledge but also to learn the special skillful and physical
education for the need of challenges competitions.
Basically their three significant aspects of teacher education institution such as who(Teacher
Educator),whom(Student-Teacher)What(Content) and how(Teaching Strategies).Teacher
education institution that makes the teacher understand the child psychology and their interest
toward education that result to develop two-way communication in class.The most significant
part of a teacher education institution that builds up confidence among teachers to open their
thought in class and utilize their inborn abilities with students that will be need of effective
classroom environment.
Professionalism in Teacher Education:- Professionalism is level of excellence that concern with
the conduct,aims or qualities that make profession or a professional person."Every teacher needs
to improve not because they are not good enough,but because they can be even better"For
improving quality of teacher education Government of Pakistan develop National Professional
Standards for Teachers to make education excellent,it covers policy under the Ministry of
education to improve teacher performance that combination of Competence,Motivation and
Opportunity.So in this way teachers need to improve maintain interest and grow personally and
professionally.

Impact of Professional dispositions on Teacher's Performance

Professional dispositions:-are characterized as the values,duties and professional ethics that
impact practices toward students,families,partners and other groups and influence student's
learning ,development and also teachers' professional development.
Importance of Professional Dispositions:-Research studies shows that the properties of class
teacher influence how well student learn.According to current studies illustrates that the nature of
education to our child depends on the nature of teachers on school.Parents teachers and
guardians agree on that the effective education would happen if the teacher has a full grasp on
the subject and highly abilities to convey his point to students.So.professional dispositions will
evaluate the classroom teacher in each relevant course,professional information,abilities and
important skill that enable for all students to learn.
Dispositions of Effective Teachers:-There are five different areas of dispositions of effective
teachers that utilized them in his continuing work with teachers.
.Empathy;Seeing and enduring the other individual's viewpoint.Trusts that a vertiable get a
handle on of the student's viewpoint,and precise communication of that comprehension,may be a
most imperative key to building up a vital teaching/learning relationship.
Positive Perspective of Others and Self;Putting acceptance on the esteem,capacity and potentials
of others.Accept the belief and certainty with the student's worth and capacity converning for to
alter that may be an imperative component of learning.
Authenticity;Feeling a sense of opportunity and openness that engages him to be a curious
person in dependability and immaculateness.
Meaningful Purpose and Vision:To identify the purpose that should be essential for the
development of students' mental ,physical and profound domain.
Question No.2:How social and cultural context influence upon teaching profession.What do
you think about the changing role of teachers in 21st century and expectations of the
learners?
Influence of Social and Cultural Context on Teaching Profession
Social Context:- It has been proved from researches that the effectiveness of schools the quality
of the learning environment is the factor affecting student learning and outcomes that are most
readily modified.It shows the variables such as cognitive and motivational capacities, socio-
economic background,social and cultural capital are out of control by the teachers and
school.School climate refers to the social relationship between students and teachers and this
climate influence students’ achievement.In this way the classroom environment impact on
motivational aspect of student learning in different subjects.
Impact of Social Context on Teaching Profession:- The social interaction in an institution
between students and teachers creates a smooth and healthy learning process and its influence
both in student and teacher development,and this relationship creates learner academic
achievement,cognitive and personality development.Impact of social context on teaching
profession leads to effectiveness of teaching strategies ,interpersonal relationships and clarity of
presentation. Through social context, teachers encourage a good relationship between students
and faculty also develop maturity and collaboration among students.
Teachers encourage group work among students that lead to developing confidence in students.
Social context leads to provide quick feedback both for students and teachers which result to
know about their mistakes and completion of task in time.Through social relationship, students
can respect individual differences and communicates with other students to overcome the
limitation of students and promote effective learning,
Cultural Context:-Culture includes the behaviour,ideas and norms shared by individuals with a
particular group of people.It collectively refers to socially transmitted behavior
patterns.
Education and Cultural Context:- Education as a portion of culture has the twin capacities of
preservation and adjustment or reestablishment of the culture.Education is conceived as a precise
exertion to preserve a culture.In a technical sense education is the method by which
society,through schools,colleges and other educate intentionally transmit its cultural legacy,its
amassed information,values and aptitudes from one era to another..Education is the culture in
which education germinates and grow to flowers.The insinuate relationship between culture and
education is obvious from the reality that one of the major points of education is to give to the
child cultural heritage and social heritage.
Impact of Cultural Context on Teaching Profession:-Each individual teacher is guzzled with the
cultural values and beliefs of the society of which he/she happens to be a necessary part. School
may be smaller than expected of society.The entire exercise and programs of a school are
organized according to cultural thoughts and values of the society which sets up and organized
the school.The cultural context and teaching profession are interconnected.In the previous
teaching profession that should teacher-centered as a teacher give knowledge to the student but
now it should be student oriented and become create innovative teaching strategies.The teachers
now want to be intrigued,aptitude,state of mind,behavior before teaching.In this education may
be a strategy of planning child for the longer term for compelling living.
Role of Teachers in 21st Century
Traditional Method of Teaching:- In a traditional classroom, the teaching method should be
teacher center like the teacher deliver a lecture in the classroom.Textbook are only the main
source of learning and no technical education should be achieved,while in the 21st century the
role of the teacher become changed.
Modern(21stcentury) Method of Teaching:- It is clear that the 21st-century classroom needs are
altogether different from the twentieth-century ones. In the 21st century classroom, teachers are
facilitators of student learning and makers of useful and effective study environments, in which
students can foster the abilities they may require as of now or in the future.The evolving role of
the teacher in the 21st century is due to the use of technology and easy access to information..
Creator of an Enabling Environment;- An teacher today makes a safe, and drawing-in learning
climate where learning can happen. A key prerequisite is to make compatibility and important
relationship with the students. He/she makes different learning encounters to establish a positive
and useful learning climate for every one of the students in the classroom.
Facilitator not Controller of Learning:- The teacher's job is changing from one where the
educator is in charge of all that goes on in the classroom to one where the teacher imparts a
portion of the authority to the students. Students are relied upon to assume liability for that
learning using projects, investigates, gathering and pair work. The instructor's job is to control
students to utilize accessible assets like the web, assist understudies with explaining thoughts and
give criticism.
Provokes Curiosity and Motivation to Learn:- The present teachers are relied upon to incite and
urge students to receive pragmatic methods of getting issues. The teacher's job is to invite
students to get free, innovative, and basic masterminds by giving encounters, for example,
critical thinking exercises that foster these abilities. The instructor's job is to distinguish
approaches to connect with and inspire the students to learn.
Question No.3.Make a critical analysis of situation of education as a basic human right in
Pakistan.What are the issues and solutions towards accessible and equitable education as a
fundamental right in Pakistan?
Answer.Critical Analysis of Situation of Education in Pakistan
Education as a Human Right:- Universal Education of Human Rights in 1948 declared education
as a basic human right.Many international treaties also considered education as a basic human
right which are;
1.Free and compulsory primary education of all children
2.A dependable methodology towards creating secondary education open for all kids and fair
admittance to advanced
education
3. Arrangement of essential education for the individuals who have botched the opportunity of
essential education. These treaties furthermore insist on the destinations of education as the
advancement of self-awareness, fortifying the regard for basic liberties and opportunities,
empowering people to effectively take part in his/her general public and advancing collaboration,
fellowship and resilience.
Right to Education in Pakistan:- Improvement of capable, skilled and cognizant people and
social orders is unrealistic without an arrangement of instructive offices. Education isn't as it
were vital for each youngster however it is their fundamental right consequently it is the essential
duty of the state to empower its residents to get an education. Numerous nations had established
bylaws that education is the fundamental and preeminent right of each person.
Article 37 B of the constitution of Pakistan expressed: "the state will eliminate ignorance and
give free and obligatory secondary education inside insignificant conceivable time".
In 2010, the administration of Pakistan has likewise included the Right to Education (RTE)
through Article 25 A of the eighteenth amendment. Amendment to the constitution is the initial
step and it is important to make law for its appropriate execution in the country. The assertion of
Article 25 A is as per the following : "The State will give free and necessary education to all
offspring of the age of five to sixteen years in such way as might be dictated by
law”.
According to UNESCO, there are numerous advantages of education:literacy is a human right
and it is additionally an apparatus of human, social and self-awareness. Proficiency abilities are
at the core of essential education for all. Basic literacy abilities are fundamental for decreasing
the pace of kid mortality, the accomplishment of sex equity in education and different fields,
destroying destitution, controlling over populace development, and guaranteeing maintainable
advancement of the country.
Educational Issues and Solution in Pakistan:- The entirety of the educational policies
underlined free and mandatory schooling for kids in Pakistan yet it couldn't be accomplished in
its actual soul. Presently primary also, secondary education in Pakistan is free yet there are not
kidding worries over its quality.
Issues:-Quality education is the essential right of children in the whole world in Pakistan as
well.Quality Education means where students learn from qualified and effective teachers and
also get proper attention from the teacher and feel secure,but the Pakistani population is not alike
and most of its inhabit in rural areas arrangement of quality education is an extraordinary
challenge. Because of the nonattendance of value education and essential wellbeing offices in
rural regions urbanization arises as a genuine test.The other educational issues are:
1.Think teaching is only a task
2. Attend class late regularly, have discipline issues, not delicate to students' culture or legacy,
express biasness and enjoy paperwork during class rather than working with students.
3. Try not to address guardians' concerns appropriately and ailing in compromise skills.
4. Conflicting in the approach of educating, observing or different tasks.
5. Enroll and execute exacting principles for classroom and expect nothing from students.
6. Permit students separation from learning, inaccessible out of classroom unseemly grumble,
keep class messy and muddled, and remain continuously flighty
7. Not arrangement exercises, don't keep record of students' appraisal, utilize single teaching
technique, and don't draw in students in learning.
8. Have lackluster showing of students, give dubious guidelines for any task, do not keep him/her
self-refreshed, utilize obsolete material, don't turn into imaginative, hesitant to change and utilize
poor and ill-advised language.
9. Give negative criticism on students' work, reluctant to contribute emphatically in generally
speaking mission and vision of the school and submit reports (results, information, data)late.
Solutions:- Government should make strong strides on this issue. Execution as opposed to
projecting approaches ought to be centered around. Workshops should be organized by
instructors. To increase the educational budget to 4%
GDP
This ought to be drafted in Pakistani schools to improve the secret characteristics of youngsters.
Specialized education should be given to every one of the classes. The schooling leading body of
Punjab has extended an arrangement to give technical education to the offspring of mechanical
specialists. Advancement of primary education is the requirement of time.
Teachers, educators and educationists ought to be counseled while conceiving any arrangement,
prospectus. The need for time is to get education its unique structure to masses. Troubling
students with such a lot of books won't function as he won't comprehend what the world will do
next second. This show to eliminate lack of education in Pakistan