BOX CULVERT DESIGN

Calculation for 6m x 5.5m RCC box culvert :

Internal Size of Culvert = 5.5 m x 4.5
Thickness of slab = 0.6 m 0.6
Centre line size of Culvert = 6.1 m x 5.1
Culverts will be designed for Class “A” loading as per IRC standards.
From IRC Class A Loading along the box culvert
Axle load Wheel load Wheel
Designation (kN) (kN) distance (m)
Load, 700 350.0 1.8
length of vehicle 4.4
Total 159 79.5
First wheel load distance from left support 2.15 m
Second wheel load distance from left support 3.95 m
Total axle load W 500.00 kN
Length of train load L 3.60 m
Spacing of wheel B 1.80 m
Surcharge load (q) W/(LxB) 77.16 kN/m2
Surcharge pressure at wall base (P z) K ax q
25.72 kN/m2
Grade of Steel Fe 500 Mpa
SBC at 6.5m depth 200 kN/m2
Saturated unit weight of soil (Y sat) 21 kN/m3
Unit weight of water (yw) 10 kN/m3
Submerged unit weight of soil (Y sub) 11 kN/m3
Unit weight of concrete Yc 25 kN/m3
Angle of Repose (Ø) 30 deg
0.52 Radian
Coefficient of Earth pressure (Ka) 0.333
Self-weight of top slab (W1) 15 kN/m2
Surcharge load at top slab 5.0 kN/m2
Total load on top slab 20.0 kN/m2
Concrete grade 25 Mpa
Weight of two vertical walls (W2) 153 kN/m
Weight of bottom slab (w3) 15 kN/m2
Considering one metre run of culvert, Pressure intensity on the base slab
= 149.75 kN/m2
Loading diagram
Weight of bottom slab will be directly counteracted by the corresponding ground reaction.
At any depth (h) from top slab, lateral pressure intensity (p)
At level at bottom (h) = 5.1 m
Saturated height, Hsat = 0.0 m 5.46
Active earth pressure, Pa1 = ka*Ysat*Hsat = 0.0 kN/m2 25.72

Submerged height, Hsub = 5.1 m 95.42

Active earth pressure, Pa2 = ka*Ysub*Hsub = 18.7 kN/m 2

Pressure due to water, Pwh= Yw*H = 51.00 kN/m2

Total pressure = 69.7 kN/m2
Uplift pressure, U = Yw*H = 51.00 kN/m2
Total base pressure = 200.75 kN/m2
Considering one metre run of the culvert and each member as a separate fixed member, Fixed end moments are:
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY:

The RCC box culvert will be designed as per the guidance provided in the civil technical specification. Earth pressure for all under ground water storag
shall be taken as at rest. In addition to earth pressure the vehicular traffic load as per the IRC specification of Class "AA" shall be taken into account.
load calculations are made and analysed using the software SAP 2000 for the loadings, bending moments and shear forces and design/detail shall be
per the manual calculation.

Bending Moments

Design of Top slab

Calculation of flexural reinforcements
Parameters Units Values
Characteristic compressive stress of concrete, f ck Mpa 25
Yield stress of steel,fyk Mpa 500
Maximum bending moment of Top slab (B.M.) kN.m 532.87
Concrete cover mm 75
Design moment, Mu kN.m 532.87
Limiting thickness of stem base, d = SQRT(M u /0.133*fck*b) mm 400.3
Provided overall depth, Dprovided mm 600.0
Effective depth, deff mm 525.0
Area of reinforcement
Ast = fck*b*d*(1-(1-4.598*Mu/(b*d2*fck))^0.5)/(2*fy) mm2 2589
Adopting diameter of Bars mm 25
Required Spacing of bars = A s* B/Asc mm 189.62
Provided Spacing of bars mm 125
Provided area of bars mm² 3927

Distribution Reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement area required
Asmin = 0.12% b*D 720 mm²
Adopting dia. Bars: 20 mm
Area of one bar As 314.16 mm²
Required Spacing of bars = A s* B/Asc 218.17 mm
Provided Spacing of bars 150 mm
Provided area of distribution reinforcements 2094 mm²
Okay
Calculation of shear reinforcements
Parameters Units Values
Shear check at 0.325 from inner face
Total shear, V kN 432.000 From Sap analysis
Design Shear, Vu kN 432.000
Nominal Shear stress, τv = Vu/bxd N/mm2 0.843
Maximum shear stress, τc,max N/mm2 3.10
( From SP16 Table J ) Okay
Allowable stress of Fe 415 Mpa 200.00

Provided percentage area of tension steel

pt% =100 Ast / bd 0.77
Characteristic compressive stress of concrete 25 N/mm2
Permissible shear strength
tc = (0.85*sqrt(0.8*fck)*(sqrt(1+5*b)-1))/6b 0.580 N/mm2
b = 0.8*fck /(6.89*pt) 3.788
Shear reinforcement shall be provided. <τv Check
Shear capacity of the section, Vs = τc . b . d N 304281
Design Shear force, Vus = Vu - Vs N 127719
Assuming 2 legged vertical stirrup of φ mm 12
Area of steel of stirrup, Asv mm2 226
Centre to centre spacing of stirrups, Sv = 0.87.fy.Asv.d/Vus mm 328
Provided spacing , Sprovided mm 200
Hence provide φ 12 mm 2- legged vertical stirrups @ 200 mm c/c

Design of Bottom slab

Calculation of flexural reinforcements
Parameters Units Values
Characteristic compressive stress of concrete, f ck Mpa 25
Yield stress of steel,fyk Mpa 500
Maximum bending moment of bottom slab (B.M.) kN.m 777.15 From Sap analysis
Concrete cover mm 75
Design moment, Mu kN.m 777.15
Limiting thickness of stem base, d = SQRT(M u /0.133*fck*b) mm 483.46
Provided overall depth mm 650
Effective depth, deff mm 575
Area of reinforcement
Ast = fck*b*d*(1-(1-4.598*Mu/(b*d2*fck))^0.5)/(2*fy) mm2 3544
Adopting diameter of Bars mm 25
Required Spacing of bars = A s* B/Asc mm 138.50
Provided Spacing of bars mm 125
Provided area of bars mm² 3927

Distribution Reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement area required
Asmin = 0.12% b*D 981.75 mm²
Adopting dia. Bars: 20 mm
Required Spacing of bars = A s* B/Asc 320.00 mm
Provided Spacing of bars 150 mm
Provided area of distribution reinforcements 2094 mm²
Okay
Calculation of shear reinforcements
Parameters Units Values
Shear check at 0.5 from inner face
Total shear, V kN 630.000
Design Shear, Vu kN 630.00
Nominal Shear stress, τv = Vu/bxd N/mm 2
1.120
Maximum shear stress, τc,max = N/mm 2
3.10
Allowable stress = Mpa 200.00
Okay
Provided percentage area of tension steel
pt% =100 Ast / bd 0.698
2
Characteristic compressive stress of concrete N/mm 25
Permissible shear strength
tc = (0.85*sqrt(0.8*fck)*(sqrt(1+5*b)-1))/6b N/mm2 0.559
b = 0.8*fck /(6.89*pt) 4.158
τc<τv
Shear reinforcement shall be provided. Check

Shear capacity of the section, Vs = τc . b . d N 321364

Design Shear force, Vus = Vu - Vs N 308636
Assuming 2 legged vertical stirrup of φ mm 12
Area of steel of stirrup, Asv mm2 226
Centre to centre spacing of stirrups, Sv = 0.87.fy.Asv.d/Vus mm 149
Provided spacing , Sprovided mm 150
Hence provide φ 12 mm 2- legged vertical stirrups @ 150 mm c/c

Design of Side wall

m
m
m

57.0

32500

Arrangement of Wheel loads in the transverse Direction for

maximum moment
 for all under ground water storage structure
"AA" shall be taken into account. Manual
forces and design/detail shall be made as
From Sap analysis
Top Slab
Crack control B H
Section BxH=1000*500 1000 500
Ast = 2094 mm2(φ20@150) Ast 3927
Ref. Step Calculations Value Remarks
Minimum reinforcement (Based on total
IS 456 1 depth)
Percentage (pt) = Ast/bd =2094/(1000*500) 0.79 Steel % O.K.
CL26.5.2.1 pt >0.15%
2 Maximum diameter of bar
CL26.5.2.2 φmax = Overall depth/8 62.5 Diameter O.K.
'=500/8=62.5mm>20mm
Spacing of reinforcement
CL26.3.3b
Mean depth (d) =500-75-20 405
Max. spacing = 3*effective depth
3 or 300 mm Spacing O.K.
=3*405 = 1215 mm >300 mm 1215
Hence spacing of 150 mm is acceptable

Side wall
Crack control B H
Section BxH=1000*500 1000 500
Ast = 3272 mm2(φ25@150) Ast 3927
Ref. Step Calculations Value Remarks
Minimum reinforcement (Based on total
IS 456 1 depth)
Percentage (pt) = Ast/bd =3272/(1000*500) 0.79 Steel % O.K.
CL26.5.2.1 pt >0.15%
2 Maximum diameter of bar
CL26.5.2.2 φmax = Overall depth/8 62.5 Diameter O.K.
'=500/8=62.5mm>25mm
Spacing of reinforcement
CL26.3.3b
Mean depth (d) =500-75-25 400
Max. spacing = 3*effective depth
3 or 300 mm Spacing O.K.
=3*400 = 1200 mm >300 mm 1200
Hence spacing of 150 mm is acceptable
Bottom Slab
Crack control B H
Section BxH=1000*500 1000 500
Ast = 3272 mm2(φ25@150) Ast 3927
Ref. Step Calculations Value Remarks
Minimum reinforcement (Based on total
IS 456 1 depth)
Percentage (pt) = Ast/bd =3272/(1000*500) 0.79 Steel % O.K.
CL26.5.2.1 pt >0.15%
2 Maximum diameter of bar
CL26.5.2.2 φmax = Overall depth/8 62.5 Diameter O.K.
'=500/8=62.5mm>25mm
Spacing of reinforcement
CL26.3.3b
Mean depth (d) =500-75-25 400
Max. spacing = 3*effective depth
3 or 300 mm Spacing O.K.
=3*400 = 1200 mm >300 mm 1200
Hence spacing of 150 mm is acceptable
D t A Kg
1.6 0.02 0.05058 402.11
1.0 0.014 0.022145 176.05