M.I.S.

T ME 346

Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST)

Dhaka
Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME 346
MECHANICS OF MACHINERY SESIONAL
LEVEL-3, TERM-I
CONTACT: 3/2 CREDIT: 0.75

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENTS:

1. STUDY OF MOMENT OF INERTIA AND RADIUS OF GYRATION OF A

BODY WITH BIFILAR SUSPENSION.

2. STUDY OF COMPOUND PENDULUM.

3. DETERMINING MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA OF FLYWHEEL.

4. STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCING OF A SHAFT.

5. STUDY OF FREE VIBRATION APPARATUS.

6. STUDY OF FORCED VIBRATION APPARATUS.

7. DETERMINING CRITICAL SPEED OF SHAFT BY USING WHIRLING

SHAFT APPARATUS.

8. STUDY OF CRITICAL SPEED INVESTIGATION BY USING CRITICAL

SPEED INVESTIGATION APPARATUS.
M.I.S.T ME 346

EXPERIMENT NO: 1
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: STUDY OF MOMENT OF INERTIA AND
RADIUS OF GYRATION OF A BODY WITH BIFILAR SUSPENSION

OBJECTIVES :

The objectives of the experiment are to determine experimentally the moment of inertia
and the radius of gyration about its centre of gravity and to compare them with theoretical
values.

THEORY :

The bifilar suspension is used to determine the moment of inertia of a body about an axis
passing through its centre of gravity. The body is suspended by two parallel cords of
length “l”, at a distance “d” apart. If the mass of the body is “M”, then the tension in
Mg
either cord is , If the system is now displaced through s small angle θ at its central
2
axis, then an angular displacement  will be produced at the supports (see figure below)

d
f

l
A'
Q Q B
A
B'

Mg
d 
If both angles are small, then    
2
The restoring force at the point of attachment of the thread B and B1 will be-

Mg Mg
sin    (for small  )
2 2
 d  d d
Since  =  , restoring force = Mg , and the restoring couple is thus -Mgd
 2  4 4
Mgd .
2
Mgd 2
Giving an equation of motion I   ., i.e.,   0
4 4 I

2K  I
herefore, the motion is S.H.M. of periodic time, T  2 . , since K 2 
d g M
Where,d is the distance between the wires (m)
 is the length of suspension (m)
K is the radius of gyration of the body about its centre of gravity.
M.I.S.T ME 346

APPPARATUS:
The Universal Vibration Apparatus and a uniform rectangular bar suspended by fine
wires.

PROCEDURE:
Suspend the beam by wires and adjust it to some suitable length l. Measure the distance
between the threads “d” accurately, before displacing the through some angle. Measure
time for 20 oscillations, from which the periodic time may be calculated. Repeat the
procedure three times.

Change the length of the wires l and time a further 20 swings. The periodic times should
be calculated for four such lengths. The inertia of the body may be increased by placing
the two masses on either side of the centre line, and repeating the procedure four times for
various values of l and b, the (b being the distance of separation of the masses). Having
determined the parameters l, b, d and T, the radius of gyration K may be calculated from:

4K l Td g
T  , From which K 
d g 4 
In order to calculate moments of inertia, the mass of the beam (unloaded) is required.

DATA AND RESULTS :

The data should be presented in a tabular format like the sample table shown below:

Test l B T K K 22 M I
No. (m) (m) (S) (m) (m2) (m) (Kg-m2)

DISCUSSTION:

1. How would one determine the radius of gyration, and hence moment of inertia, of
any body using the bifilar suspension ?

2. Are the theoretical and experimental values of K and I in a good agreement? If not
so, What may be the reason(s)?

EXPERIMENT NO- 2
M.I.S.T ME 346

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: STUDY OF COMPOUND PENDULUM.

OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of the experiment are to find out the radius of gyration and the moment of
inertia of a compound pendulum and compare the experimental values with the
theoretical values.

THEORY:
When a rigid body, suspended from a point (as shown in the figure), is displaced through
a small angle  , the restoring couple- Mgh Sin  = Mgh  ( for small  ) is produced.
The equation of the motion is-
-Mgh  = I 

Where, M = mass of the rod

h = distance of the centre of gravity from the point of suspension
 = angle of vertical displacements
I = moment of inertia for the rod about the axis through the point
of suspension
 L/2
 = acceleration of the system.
h
The motion is simple harmonic and the periodic time, T is-
T = 2  ( I / Mgh) G
L1

If Ig is the moment of inertia about center of gravity, then

I = Ig + Mh2 (according to the parallel axis of theorem) and Ig = Mk2
Where, k is the radius of gyration. Therefore,
k 2  h2
T=2 
gh
By varying the value of h and evaluating T, the radius of gyration of
the rod about its center of gravity may be calculated and compared with the theoretical
value.

APPARATUS:
The compound pendulum consists of a 12.7 mm diameter steel rod 0.914 m long. The rod
is supported by an adjustable knife edge on the cross member. The knife edge can be
moved along the rod to alter the value of h, i.e., the distance of the center of gravity from
the point of suspension.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
The center of gravity of the rod is measured from the given length of the rod. The position
of the CG is at a distance of (L/2) from either end, where L is the length of the rod. The
M.I.S.T ME 346

knife edge is tightened at a given position so that it swings freely without any rotation at
the support. The time for 30 oscillations is taken after displacing the pendulum through a
small vertical angle. The time of 30 oscillations are recorded at least three times at any
given value of L1. The average of these values gives the periodic time T. Repeat the
whole procedure to find out the periodic time T for each of the seven different values of
h. It is advisable to remove the rod from the cross beam and do any adjustments away
from the portal frame. The values of k can be calculated from the values of h and T from
equation (5). These values are then compared with the theoretical values calculated from-
K  L1 / 3 (Routh, s Rule)

DATA AND RESULTS:

Length of the rod = 0.91 m
Diameter of the rod = 7.95 mm
Mass of the rod = 350.37 gm

Format of the Table-

No Effective Value Time of 30 Periodic Expt Theoretical Expt Theoretical
of Length of oscillations (sec) Time value value value value
obs. L1(m) h (m) t1 t2 t3 t4 T (sec) of of k of of
K (m) (m) I(kg-m2) I(kg-m2)

FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS:

1. Calculate the length of the equivalent simple pendulum for one of the above
observations by considering the time period of the simple pendulum to be equal to
that of the compound pendulum.

2. Find the two values of h which satisfy the resulting quadratic equation giving
equal vibration times.

3. Investigate, using the equation.

h 2  hL1  K 2  0
The fact that if a distance k2/ h1 is measured along the axis from G, remote from
the point of suspension O to another point O’, so that OO’= L 1 and the periodic
time about O’ is the same as that about O.

EXPERIMENT NO:3

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: DETERMINING MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA

OF FLYWHEEL
M.I.S.T ME 346

OBJECTIVES :
The objectives of the experiment are as follows:

1. To determine the mass moment of inertia of a flywheel by falling weight method.

2. To determine the radius of gyration.
3. To determine the frictional torque.

THEORY :

Notations used:
α = angular acceleration d = diameter of the shaft with allowance
for the rope
m = attached mass T = torque
T1 = theoretical torque Tf = frictional torque
T = time of fail h = height of fall
a = linear acceleration I = mass moment of inertia
k = radius of gyration M = mass of the flywheel

Governing equations:

T = Iα (1)

T = Tt-Tf (2)

d 
Tt = (mg-ma)   (3)
2
d 1 2
h = = at (4)
2 2
2h
a = (5)
t2
2a
α = (6)
d

I = Mk2 (7)

I
k = (8)
M

In the above equations, values of m, t, h, g and d are known and T , T t, Tf, a and I are
unknown.
2a
Tt-Tf = I
d
d 2 h
=>(mg-ma) -Tf = I . .2 2 [from eqn. (3) and (5)]
2 d t
M.I.S.T ME 346

2h d 4hI
=>m(g- 2 ) -Tf =
t 2 dt 2
d 4hI
=>m(gt2-2h) -Tft2 =
2 d
=>m(gt2-2h) = 2Tf t2 + 8hI (9)
d d2

In the above equation (9) , the only variables are m and t. Note that the above equation is
of the form
y = mx+c
where m(gt2- 2h) is one variable on the ordinate, t2 is the other variable on the abscissa
2T f
and is the slope. Therefore, if one draws a graph with these axes, one can obtain the
d
value of Tf from the slope, and the value of I from the intercept on the ordinate. Once the
moment of inertia becomes known, the radius of gyration can be calculated from eqn. (8)

APPARATUS :
The rest rig, stop watch, scale, mass holder and masses.
The test rig consists of a shaft resting on two ball bearings. The flywheel is mounted on
the shaft. An inextensible cord carrying a mass holder is tied and wrapped around the
shaft . Out or more masses can be placed on the mass holder . If the load is sufficient to
overcome the bearing friction, the card unwinds from the shaft and the mass starts falling
until stopped by a steel plate at the base.

PROCEDURE:
1. Place the a weight on the holder. Turn the flywheel to wound the cord until the
weight is at a height 1.473 meters.
2. Release the flywheel and start the stop watch simultaneously. The weight will
start falling Measure the time of fall. Repeat the step at least thrice. Calculate the
average time of fall. (Accurate timing is very important in this experiment.)
3. Gradually increase the weight and repeat step 2 for at least 5 different weights.
Always keep the height at 1.473 meters.
4. Plot a graph with m(gt2-2h) along the ordinate and t 2 along the abscissa, The
graph should be a straight line. From the graph, find the intercept on the ordinate
and calculate the mass moment of inertia from the following formula:
d2
I=  (Intercept on the ordinate)
8h

5. Calculate the radius of gyration from the value of I

6. Find the slope of the line and hence the friction torque by using the following
formula:
d 
Tf =    (slope)
 2
M.I.S.T ME 346

DATA AND RESULTS:

M = 16 kg
d = 0.028 m
h = 1.473 m
mass of the holder including hook , m1 = 0.56 kg

Sample data sheet :

No. Attached Total Mass Time of fall Average t2 m(gt2- I

Tf k
of mass, m2 m=(m1+m2) (sec.) time of fall 2h)
Obs. (kg) (kg) (sec.)
1.
2.
3.

DISCUSSIONS :

The graph you have drawn should be a straight line. If it is not, state reasons. State any
other points you find necessary to be stated.

EXPERIMENT NO: 4

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCING OF A

SHAFT
M.I.S.T ME 346

OBJECTIVES:
1. To calculate angular and longitudinal positions of counter balancing weights for
static and dynamic balancing of an unbalanced rotating mass system.

2. To check experimentally that the positions of counter balancing weights

calculated as above are correct.

THEORY:
A shaft is said to be statically balanced if the shaft can rest, without turning, at any
angular position in its bearings .This condition is attained when the sum of the centrifugal
forces on the shaft due to unbalanced masses is zero in any radial direction. The
centrifugal force due to unbalanced mass of weight Wi with its centre of gravity at a radial
distance ri is proportional to Wi ri . For a shaft to be statically balanced, the summation of
components of all such forces should be zero in any radial direction. That is,

W r i i 0

A shaft is said to be dynamically balanced when it does not vibrate in its running state. To
make a shaft dynamically balanced, it must first be statically balanced. In addition, the
sum of the moments of centrifugal forces due to the attached masses about any axis
perpendicular to the axis of the shaft must be zero. This condition is fulfilled when

W r i l 0
i i

Where li is the distance of the attached mass from one end of the shaft.

APPARATUS:
Static and dynamic balancing machine. The machine consists of two frames – a small
rectangular main frame and a large rectangular support frame which stands vertically up
on a platform. The shaft to be balanced is mounted in the main frame and may be run by
an electric motor attached to the lower member of the frame. The axial distance of the
masses is determined with the help of a protractor fitted to one end of the shaft. Four
different masses are provided which may be clamped on to the shaft at any axial and
angular positions.

PROCEDURE:

A. Static Balancing
M.I.S.T ME 346

1. Clamp blocks 1 and 2 on to the shaft at given (known) angular positions and at
any convenient axial positions. The shaft becomes statically unbalanced. See
figure below.

Q4

r2 W3r3 Q3
r3 Q3

Q2
r1
Q1

X W4r4
Q4
W2r2
r4

W1r1

2. To balance the shaft ,blocks 3 and 4 are to be clamped at some angular positions
which will satisfy the following equations for static balancing;

 (W r i i )x   (W r i i ) cos   0

 (W r i i )y   (W r i i ) sin   0

The angular positions of block 3 and 4 can be found from the above equations.
Knowing the Wr- values of the four blocks, one should be able to find the
unknown angles with the help of the force polygon.

3. Clamp blocks 3 and 4 on the shaft at the determined angles.

4. They should be statically balanced. Verify that the shaft rests in its bearings at any
angular positions.

B. Dynamic Balancing:

1. Take the main frame off from its rigid support and suspend it parallel to the
support frame with the help pf three springs. Put on the motor belt.

2. Place blocks 1 and 2 at given axial and radial positions. Radial positions being
calculated earlier, axial positions of blocks 3 and 4 have to be determined for
dynamic balancing analytically be using the following equations or graphically by
using the couple polygon;
M.I.S.T ME 346

 (W r i l )x 
i i  (W r
i i sin  ) Li  0

 (W r i l )y 
i i  (W r
i i cos  ) Li  0

Let their axial positions be indicated by L3 and L4 as required for dynamic balancing.

Q4

l3 W3r3l3
Q3

l1 W4r4l4
W2r2l2
l2

l4 W1r1l1

3. Clamp locks 3 and 4 at the calculated angular and axial positions.

4. Switch on the motor to run the shaft and verify that the shaft does not vibrate.

DISCUSSIONS:

1. While verifying the stages of balancing experimentally did you notice any
deviation from the ideal state? What were the deviations?
2. State the reasons for deviations if there were any.
3. Why dynamic balancing is so important to us?
4. Is the effect of unbalance of the shaft the same at all speeds of the shaft? If not,
what is the most dangerous speed?

EXPERIMENT NO: 5

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: STUDY OF FREE VIBRATION APPARATUS

RELEVANT THEORY:
M.I.S.T ME 346

Equation of motion is I 0  (ca )a  (kb )b  0

We put in the form   A  B  0
ca 2
Where A ……………………………..(01)
I0
kb 2
B ………………………..……(02)
I0
mL2
I0  …………………………….(03)
3

Fig: Free Vibration Apparatus

 A
The solution becomes:   Ce  2  t (cos  t   )
d

Where, C = constant
 = phase angle also constant
d = damped natural frequency
2
Hence d = where T is periodic time
T

To find decaying amplitudes of 2 consecutive oscillations at any cycle n, we take natural

logarithm on the solution to obtain:
 Y   A
log e  n    T ………………………………(04)
 Yn 1   2 

Hence by tracing 3 consecutive amplitude on the same side of the equilibrium line and
using equations (01), (02), (03) and (04) the value “c”-damping coefficient can be
determined.
APPARATUS SETUP:
► Coil spring bracket for attachment to the top frame. The bracket has an
adjustable screw to raise or lower the spring.

► Helical spring, 3 each-spring constant 1,4 and 15 kg/cm (approx)

M.I.S.T ME 346

► Trunnion with bearing hinge for beam end attachment to vertical

frame.

► Steel beam: 25×12×750 mm approx

► Drum recorder and pen for beam vibration.

► Speed controller and indicator.

► Damper with stand, a damping adjustment screw, a clamp to the beam

and oil

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES:
Connect the synchronous motor to the exciter motor and the speed-control unit and adjust
the beam to be horizontal by means of bracket over the spring attachment.
Bring the chart recorder into contact with the pen such that the pen just touches the
recording paper.

a). Installation
1. Attach a spring on to the bracket and install the bracket on to the twin frame

2. Install the beam support and the beam into the support.

3. Attach the spring to the beam.

4. Install the dash pot and clamp its arm to the beam.

5. Install the drum recorder and pen for beam vibration.

b). Measure the speed of the recorder drum by tracing and measure a line on the drum for
a period of 20 seconds using the stop-watch.
This can be double checked by visually observe and count the distance on the drum.

c). Create the amplitudes by pulling down the beam at the spring end by approximately
20mm then release. For a given orifice area of the dash pot, vary the distance ‘a’ and trace
out the decaying amplitudes on chart recorder paper.

d). use different piston areas and repeat the process of tracking the decaying amplitudes at
various distances of ‘a’.

e). Use the traces obtained to calculate the value ‘c’ of damping coefficient by means of
equations (1) to (4) then tabulate and plot the result sing only the largest and mid orifice
areas of the dash pot.
M.I.S.T ME 346

Fig: Signal Vibration of Beam

Verify the Graph that ‘c’ varies linearly with the distance ‘a2’

Fig: graph a2 versus A.I0

DATA SHEET
M.I.S.T ME 346

UNIVERSAL VIBRATION APPRATUS

Largest orifice results:

Length Yn  Y  T A A I0 Damping Coefficient

‘a’ log n  -1
s kg.m 2 “c”
Yn 1  Yn 1 
(m) (s) (s-1) (Ns/m or kg/s)

Mid orifice results:

Length Yn  Y  T A A I0 Damping Coefficient

‘a’ log n  -1
s kg.m 2 “c”
Yn 1  Yn 1 
(m) (s) (s-1) (Ns/m or kg/s)
M.I.S.T ME 346

EXPERIMENT NO:6

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: STUDY OF FORCED VIBRATION APPARATUS.

RELEVANT THEORY:

With negligible damping, equation of motion is

I 0  kb 2  aF0 sin t  0
i.e.   B  A sin t

We have a solution:
 A 
  2 
sin t
 B  
mL2
Where I 0  Ma 2  ……….(1)
3
kb 2
B ………………..(2)
I0
A
And θmax or amplitude = ……….......(3)
B 2

Hence the amplitude becomes infinitely large when B-ω2 = 0

At the condition, the system is under resonance condition and the excitation motor speed
is said to be at critical speed.
n  B

Since some damping does exist in the system, the amplitude does not quite become
infinite as predicated by the theory

APPARATUS SETUP:

Required Components:

► Coil spring Bracket for attachment to the top frame. The bracket has an
adjustable screw to raise or lower the spring.\
► Helical springs, 4kg/cm (approx)
► Weight 5×2 + 5×0.4 kg.
► Trunnion with bearing hinge for beam end and attachment to vertical
frame.
► Steel beam: 25×12×750 mm approx
► Beam guide frame.
► Drum recorder and pen for beam vibration.
► Pen and holder for forced vibration (beam).
► Speed controller and indicator.
► Exciter motor, 30 W, 3000 rpm with two unbalanced discs,
synchronous gears and belt.

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES:
M.I.S.T ME 346

Connect the synchronous motor to the speed control unit and as just the beam to be
horizontal by means of the bracket over the spring.

1. By means of the stop-watch, time the speed of the recorder drum by trace out
approximately 20 oscillations then calculate the time for one cycle (periodic time),.

2. Determine the values of I0, a, b, m, M and k (the stiffness of spring)

3. From equations (10 to (4), calculate

The moment of inertia I0,
Deflecting weight
- Spring stiffness k = in N/m
deflection
kb 2
- The frequency of the system: Since B in s-1 (or rad/s)
I0
B
And freq = in Hz or cycles/s
2

4. Comment on the values of amplitude at condition and also the values of frequencies
from measurement as compared to calculation.
M.I.S.T ME 346

DATA SHEET

Spring stiffness = Deflection at the pen =

Spring deflection = Weight at motor =
Motor mass = Paper speed =
Deflecting weight=

Weight Mass of Mass Motor Spring Beam Motor 20 Results and Calculation
mass, motor of distance distance length , speed oscillations Mass Parameter Parameter Forced Vibration
with beam moment ‘B1/2’ or ‘B1/2’ or frequency from
disc, of inertia ωn ωn (Hz)
of beam (rad/s) Unbalanced
m M m a b L about ‘0’ speed Oscillation
(kg) (kg) (kg) (M) (m) (m) (RPM) (s) I0 (kg.m2)
(Hz) (Hz)
M.I.S.T ME 346
EXPERIMENT NO-07

NAME OF EXPERIMENT: Determining Critical Speed of Shaft by using Whirling Shaft

Apparatus

OBJECTIVES:
To determine calculated and experimental critical speed for different shaft.

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP:

Fig:-Whirling Shaft Apparatus

The main frame of the experimental set-up consist of- elastic shaft (1), self-aligning
bearing(2), safety bearings(3), mass disc(4), drive motor(6), protective hood(7).
The motor has sufficient power reserves (0.37kW) to reach the critical speeds quickly. The
rotation speed (0-6000 rpm) is adjustable by a controllable frequency-converter.

PROCEDURES:
If two additional mass discs are fitted on the rotor
Release rear bearing with clamping lever and pull off shaft. Release clamping screw
of superfluous second mass disc, release related safety bearing with clamping lever
and remove both from shaft together. Slide rear bearing onto shaft again

Otherwise for one mass disc

Move rear bearing into desired position (distance between bearing L). Marking and
scale make adjusting easier. Clamp bearing in Place. Release clamping screw of mass
disc, release safety bearing with clamping lever, move safety bearing and position in
centre between two bearings. Clamp safety bearing in place adjust axial clearance of
mass (gap between disc and safety-bearing lining = 1.5 mm). carefully fix mass disc
in place with clamping screw. Rotate shaft by hand and ensure proper running. Cover
rotor with protective cover and lock quick- release catches.
M.I.S.T ME 346
Conducting experiment bellow:
- Set speed potentiometer 1 on switch box to zero
- Set switch for selecting speed to potentiometer 1.
- Switch on the motor
- Slowly run rotor up to resonance point with potentiometer 1
- As soon as rotor contacts safety bearing (hard running noise), read speed nu off speed
counter and record
- Reduce speed again
- Set speed with potentiometer 2 which is guaranteed to lie above critical speed
(appox. 500 rpm above speed nu). In this case, one potentiometer rotation approx.
300 rpm.
- Switch specified speed on potentiometer 2. Now accelerate rotor as quickly as
possible and run through resonance point.

If resonance point is not overcome, switch back to potentiometer 1 and increase speed on
potentiometer 2.
- Now lower speed slowly with potentiometer 2 in over-critical range until rotor is near
resonance point and contacts safety bearing
- Read off speed n0 and record

The resonance speed results as the mean value from the two speeds nu and n0

THEORY & EQUATION:

A. SHAFT WITH SINGLE MASS:

The inherent circular frequency is calculated from the rigidity c of the shaft and the mass m
of the disc
M.I.S.T ME 346

With it, this equation follows for the critical speed

The rigidity of the shaft is calculated for the centre position of the disc to

With E=210000 N/mm2 and the geometrical moment of inertia

DATA TABLE
Calculated critical speeds of centre-occupied shaft
Distance between Rigidity Natural frequency Critical speed
bearing L in mm c in N/m ω0 in 1/s ncrit in rpm

B. CONTINUOUS SHAFT
For this case of the shaft with hinged/hinged end, the characteristic values for the first 3
characteristic functions are:
λ1 = π, λ2 =2 π, λ3 = 3π
Similarly, for this case of the shaft with fixed/ fixed end
λ1 = 4.730, λ2 =7.853, λ3 = 10.996
The relation between the characteristic value and the characteristic frequency is:

With the length L of the shaft. With the rigidity of the shaft we obtain

For the 3-mm shaft with bearings separation of L=800mm, will be determined and
compared with the experimental results. The shaft with hinged/hinged ends is used with the
characteristic values λ1 = π, λ2 =2 π, λ3 = 3π
M.I.S.T ME 346
With E=210000N/mm2, the moment of inertia is

And the mass length-density is:

µ = A.ρ

DATA TABLE
Calculated critical speed for the continuous shaft
Characteristic function Characteristic value Characteristic rotation Critical speed
order frequency ω0 in 1/s
λ ncrit in 1/min
1.
2.
3.
M.I.S.T ME 346

EXPERIMENT NO:08
EXPERIMENT NAME: Study of Critical speed investigation by using Critical Speed
Investigation Apparatus.

OBJECTIVES:
Determine calculated and experimental critical speed of shaft by using different mass.

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP:

FIG: Apparatus for Investigating Critical Speed

Basic component of test bench: 1).elastic shaft, 2). Mass disc, 3) rocker bearing, 4) base
frame, 5) drive motor, 6) protective cover, 7) switchbox

PROCEDURES:
If two additional mass discs are fitted on the rotor
M.I.S.T ME 346
Release rear bearing with clamping lever and pull off shaft. Release clamping screw
of superfluous second mass disc, release related safety bearing with clamping lever
and remove both from shaft together. Slide rear bearing onto shaft again

Otherwise for one mass disc

Move rear bearing into desired position (distance between bearing L). Marking and
scale make adjusting easier. Clamp bearing in Place. Release clamping screw of mass
disc, release safety bearing with clamping lever, move safety bearing and position in
centre between two bearings. Clamp safety bearing in place adjust axial clearance of
mass (gap between disc and safety-bearing lining = 1.5 mm). carefully fix mass disc
in place with clamping screw. Rotate shaft by hand and ensure proper running. Cover
rotor with protective cover and lock quick- release catches.

Conducting experiment bellow:

- Set speed potentiometer 1 on switch box to zero

- Set switch for selecting speed to potentiometer 1.
- Switch on the motor
- Slowly run rotor up to resonance point with potentiometer 1
- As soon as rotor contacts safety bearing (hard running noise), read speed nu off speed
counter and record
- Reduce speed again
- Set speed with potentiometer 2 which is guaranteed to lie above critical speed
(appox. 500 rpm above speed nu). In this case, one potentiometer rotation approx. 300 rpm.
- Switch specified speed on potentiometer 2. Now accelerate rotor as quickly as
possible and run through resonance point.

If resonance point is not overcome, switch back to potentiometer 1 and increase speed on
potentiometer 2.
- Now lower speed slowly with potentiometer 2 in over-critical range until rotor is near
resonance point and contacts safety bearing
- Read off speed n0 and record
M.I.S.T ME 346

the resonance speed results as the mean value from the two speeds nu and n0

THEORY & EQUATION:

1. SHSFT OCCUPIED AT ONE POINT
The inherent circular frequency is calculated from the rigidity c of the shaft and the mass m
of the disc

With it, this equation follows for the critical speed

The rigidity of the shaft is calculated for the centre position of the disc to

With E=210000 N/mm2 and the geometrical moment of inertia

DATA TABLE:
Calculated critical speeds of centre-occupied shaft
Distance between Rigidity Natural frequency Critical speed
bearings
L in mm c in N/m ω0 in 1/s ncrit in rpm
M.I.S.T ME 346

2. Double-occupied shaft

For the natural frequencies, the follows equation

The two coefficients of influence are calculated with the ratio of the distance between
bearings to the distance between discs γ=s/L to

Here the rigidity is

Inserting the coefficient of influence in the equation of the natural frequencies provides

With the natural frequency of the shaft occupied at one point

This result in the two critical speeds

DATA TABLE-1

Critical speeds for double occupied shaft (Calculated Value)

L=….....mm, c=….....N/m, ω0=…….1/s,
γ s α1 α2 ω1 ω2 ncrit1 ncrit2 ω2/ ω1
mm rpm rpm

DATA TABLE-2

Comparison of measured and calculated critical speeds

Measured values Calculated values
M.I.S.T ME 346
γ ncrit1 ncrit2 ncrit1 ncrit2
rpm rpm rpm rpm