.

ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN NAIROBI CITY

COUNTY (A CASE STUDY OF ALPHA FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY).

By

AISHA HASSAN MALIYO

C28-8817-2016

PROJECT PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT AND

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF MACHAKOS UNIVERSITY FOR THE
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE IN
BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

© November 2019
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Table of Contents
List of figures...............................................................................................................................4
List of tables.................................................................................................................................4
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................5
DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................i
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................ii
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1
1.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY......................................................................................1
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.....................................................................................1
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY...........................................................................................2
1.4.1 General objective.............................................................................................................2
1.4.2 Specific objectives...........................................................................................................2
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION......................................................................................................2
1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY.....................................................................................2
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.......................................................................................2
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY.........................................................................................2
1.9 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK..........................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................4
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................4
2.2 Effluent Discharge by the Industries......................................................................................4
2.3 Inappropriate Solid Waste Disposal.......................................................................................4
2.4 Land Degradation...................................................................................................................5
2.5 Government Policy................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................................................6
3.1 Research Design.....................................................................................................................6
3.2 Study Area..............................................................................................................................6
3.3 Population..............................................................................................................................8
3.4Sampling Techniques..............................................................................................................8
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3.5 Data Collection Instruments...................................................................................................8

3.6 Data Analysis and Presentation..............................................................................................9
3.7 Ethical Consideration.............................................................................................................9
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA COLLECTION ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION.....................10
4.1 BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS.........................................10
4.1.1 Gender...........................................................................................................................10
4.1.2 Age................................................................................................................................11
4.1.3 Marital Status................................................................................................................12
4.1.4 Education.......................................................................................................................12
4.2 WASTE IN ALPHA FINE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY........................................13
4.2.1 What is the Most Type of Waste Produced by the Company?......................................13
4.2.2 Final Disposal of the Liquid Waste...............................................................................13
4.2.3 Final Disposal Location of the Solid Waste..................................................................14
4.2.3 How is Solid Waste Managed by the Company?..........................................................14
4.3.1 Does the Company Pay for Pollution?..........................................................................15
4.3.2 Methods Used to Collect Waste from the Industry.......................................................15
4.4 AWARENESS OF ALPHA FINE ON THE FUNCTION OF KENYAN POLLUTION
CONTROL BOARD..................................................................................................................16
4.5 WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS CAUSED BY THE INDUSTRY ON
ENVIRONMENTS....................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER FIVE...........................................................................................................................17
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATION. 17
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................17
SUMMARY OF THE STUDY..................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY.............................................................................................17
RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................................................................................17
References......................................................................................................................................18
APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................19
Appendix I: Letter of Transmittal..............................................................................................19
Appendix II: Questionnaire........................................................................................................19
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List of figures
Figure 1.1 Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………….… 3

Figure 1.2 A Map of the Study Area…………………………………………………………….. 7

Figure 1.3 Gender of the Respondents…………………………………………………………. 10

Figure 1.4 Age of the Respondents……………………………………………………………... 11

Figure 1.5 Marital Status of the Respondents……………………………………………………12

Figure 1.6 Education Levels of the Respondents……………………………………………..… 13

Figure 1.7 An Industry Disposing Liquid Waste into a River………………………………….. 23

List of tables
Table 1.1 Type of Waste Produced by the Company……………………………………………13

Table 1.2 Final Disposal Location of Liquid Waste……………………………………………..14

Table 1.3 Final Disposal Location of Solid Waste………………………………………………14

Table 1.4 Management of Solid Waste…………………………………………………………..14

Table 1.5 Paying for Pollution………………………………………………………………...…15

Table 1.6 Methods Used to Collect Waste from the Industry………………………………..…..15

Table 1.7 Awareness of Alpha Fine………………………………………………………….…..16

Table 1.8 Negative Impacts of Industry on the Environment………………………………..…..16

Table 1.9 Work Plan………………………………………………………………………….….22

Table 2.1 Budget…………………………………………………………………………………22

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

DPSIR: Driving force Pressure State Impact Response

UN: United Nations

LVEMP: Lake Victoria Environment Management Project

NEP: National Environmental Policy

EMCA: Environmental Management Coordination Act

MDG’s: Millennium Development Goals

AFFL: Alpha Fine Food Processing Industry

HACCP: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point

KNBS: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

CGK: County Government of Kenya

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DECLARATION
I declare that this research has been done by the work of my hand and the work has not been
presented by anyone else. The work contains no copy pasting materials in as much as some
citation of other researchers has been captured in the work.

Signature.................…............ Date.........…............................

The proposal has been reviewed and approved by:

Signature.......................... Date.................….......…............

DR ANDREW. KWONYIKE

School of Environment and Natural Resource Management of Machakos University

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ABSTRACT
This research proposal serves as an introduction to the impacts of food processing industry on
the environment in Nairobi city county; a case study of Alpha fine Food processing industry.
The study was guided by the following objectives; to assess the impact of food processing
industry on the environment; to investigate the type of waste generated by the industry that has
impact on the environment; to find out ways of handling and disposal of waste by the industry.
The study used a sample size of 384 individuals derived at using Fischer’s method of sample size
determination. Descriptive study design was used to purposively gather information on the root
cause of environmental pollution. Individuals from the sample size were interviewed, given
questionnaires to fill, and observations on the environmental quality in the area was made and
recorded in an observation checklist. Data from the field was entered into the Statistical Package
for Data Analysis for analysis to provide findings that was be later presented using
measurements of central tendency, photographs and charts. According to the descriptive
statistics, land degradation, water pollution were some of the impacts associated with Alpha fine
food processing industry. The findings of the study was useful in providing recommendation on
better ways of managing the industrial waste.

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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Food processing industry has been a major key role on environmental issue, which has,
contribute to environmental pollution due to wastes produced by the industries. In this chapter, it
contains and explains about background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the
study, research question/hypothesis, significance of the study, and limitation of the study,
conceptual and theoretic framework.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Food industry is the operation that is involves activities that sells prepared foods for on premises
or immediate off premises consumption (Marion 1986) in The economic activities globally
requires energy, water, materials and land for the industrial activities to take place, those
economic activities generates material residues whereby it enters the environment as a waste or
pollutants and the earth absorbs the pollutants (Ayres and Knees 1969)'.

To be able to describe the relation between industrial activity as an economic activity and
impacts on the environment, DPSIR (Driving force, Pressure, State, impact, Response)
framework was formed by the European Environment Agency (1999).The DPSIR framework
aims in providing the step by step the root cause of impacts of industrialization as an economic
activity toward the environment.

Krishna Cheytan (2007) in accordance to her article is states that, the faster growth of economy
and industrialization in India, China, and Brazil have a negative impact on environment
management due to severe pollutants produced by the industry

A case study of Lake Chivero found in Harare in Zimbabwe shows that industrial effluents and
wastewater has been a major cause of pollution in Lake Chivero, which has been pressurized by
growth of urban and industrialization with less of effluent treatment (Nyamangara et al 2009).

In Kenya, various researchers (Njuguna, Aketch 2007) shows that industrial effluents and solid
waste disposal has been causing pollution on (Nairobi-Athi-Sabaki) river which has lowered
water quality for human consumption an aquatic life.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In accordance with Welford and Gouldson (1993) environmental issues in the public whereby
the knowledge that relates the cause and the effect has become a complete ,pressurize the change
in which we have our attitude and behavior towards the environment through industries which
are known to be the major source pollution in the environment. The problem under investigation
is to know relationship between environmental responsibility and financial performance in the
industrial work to ensure the health and well-being of the environment.

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1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4.1 General objective

To assess the impact of food processing industry on environment in Nairobi city county (a case
of meat processing industry)

1.4.2 Specific objectives

 To investigate the type of waste generated by the industry that has impact on
environment.
 To assess the environmental impacts of waste generated by the industry.
 To find out the ways of handling and disposal of the waste in the industry.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION

i. What are the type of solid waste that are generated by the industry?
ii. What are the environmental impact that are caused by the food processing industry
iii. What are the proper way of handling the waste produced by the industry?

1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

Environmental pollution has been an issue and topic of discussion as far as sustainability is
concerned. Researcher have done a lot of study to know the root cause of pollution so as to
enable find possible solution that is going to be used to ensure environmental protection and
proper way of managing any form of pollutant toward the environment. The reason for carrying
out this study is to review on what other researchers have done and know why the problem of
environmental pollution still exist after all studies and researches have been done to ensure a
sustainable environment.

1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

i. It will aid in efficiency of waste treatment and to minimize any negative effect to the
environment.
ii. It will also help the industry to have advanced manufacturing practices to avoid any
pollution to the environment.

1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

i. Time constraints. A research requires a lot of time to be complete and relevant but in our
study, we are required to finish with minimum time to ensure that the research is
submitted.
ii. Financial constraint. Research requires a lot of money since some industries may require
you to have a permit to do a research, also transport and other personal expenses require
one to have enough money.
iii. Resistance of the industry. some industries may refuse to give you a chance to carry out
studies in their company

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1.9 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Independent variable Dependent variable

EFFLUENT DISCHARGES LAND DEGRADATION

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL WATER POLLUTION

Intervening variable
GOVERNMENT POLICY

Figure 1.1: A conceptual framework

Effluent discharge in water bodies

Industries discharge effluents in water bodies, which might be untreated and contains chemicals
that may have a negative impact on aquatic life and water quality. It also lowers quality of the
soil when in contact with the land

Solid waste disposal

Solid waste disposal on land and water lowers the quality of the soil and water hence causes land
degradation.

Government Policy

The government policies and laws helps formulate rules that regulate solid waste management
and the probable way of disposal that will help reduce land degradation and water pollution.

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CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the researcher is going to review on three types of variable, which is independent,
dependent and intervening variables. The discussion will be on effluent discharge, inappropriate
solid waste disposal, land degradation, water pollution and government policy

2.2 Effluent Discharge by the Industries

Pollutants refers to substance that has no regulations which requires public reporting and
monitoring water or the waste discharge. "Constituent of emerging concern" is a term that is used
to mean all pollutants used in the literature which falls under the "emerging pollutants". The UN
-Environmental Protection Agency defines pollutants as various chemicals that has no regulation
which contribute to have an impact on the environment and human health (Deblonde et al
2011).Over the years, pollutants on aquatic life has been an issue of concern and research has
been done aiming to increase knowledge to know the source and toxicity of the pollutants. By
mid of 21st century, there was increasing reports of the increasing occurrence of the pollutants
on surface of water especially on African lakes (Scheren et al., 2000)

A study has been carried out by management of industrial on municipal effluent and urban run-
off components of the Lake Victoria project (LVEMP 2002) shows that most of Ugandan
industries have no effluent treatment plants, and the industries, which has the treatment plants,
are poorly designed. Changing of nutrients in the water may lead to negative effects to the
people and aquatic environment, which is mainly caused by some heavy metal, which are mainly
discharged by the industry (Mdamo 2001).

2.3 Inappropriate Solid Waste Disposal

Managing the solid waste has become a major environmental issues Mazzanti and Zoboli (2008)
and this has been mainly caused by urban areas where population is rapidly growing and the
waste generated increases in amount in each day than never before Kathiravale and Mohd Yunus
(2008).The increase of waste is proportional to the population and income which results to the
need of efficient and effective management of the waste (Mazzanti and Zoboli).

Industrialization and urbanization has improved new living standards and this has promoted to
increase of waste composition from mainly organic to synthetic material that takes long to
decompose such as plastics and packaging material that are from the industries (Idris et al 2004).
In order to have an effective solid waste management, solid waste generation is the most
important thing to look based on culture and public awareness between countries (Hazra and
Goel; Wagner and Arnold 2008). The waste generation also depends on the economic status of a
country example in Asia countries with higher GDP as Japan has a record that it generates a lot
of waste compared to other developing countries like Vietnam (Shekdar, 2009).

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The National Environmental Policy (NEP 2013) which was formulated by the ministry of
environment contains the policy that regards on waste management. The government has
developed an integrated solid waste management that has promoted the use of incentives in
waste management. The national solid waste management strategy (2014) is the most recent
government action establishing common platform for all stakeholders to sequentially improve
waste generation.

Management of waste has become so complex such that managers in Africa need to have a
mechanism to enable the tackle issues including lack of data, insignificant financial resources
immense different amount and waste types between urban and rural area, lack of technical and
human resources, low level of awareness and cultural dislike towards waste.

The difference in solid waste management not only vary in different countries but also among
the area of the same country. A case of Istanbul are having a great improvement in solid waste
management with an established station, sanitary landfills and methane recovery system, it does
not reduce problem in the black sea coast in turkey.

2.4 Land Degradation.

Land degradation is defined as a process in which topsoil is carried away from land by either
wind, water and finally taken to other surfaces. It is considered as the second major
environmental problem that the world faces after population growth. (Pimentel et al 2009).

(Angima et al 2003) also noted that land degradation constitute 85% whereby it is associated
with the carrying of topsoil away and of which it has started happening since the second (ii)
causing reduction of the fertility of the land.

2.5 Government Policy

The policy making process that was captured in sectional paper no six of 1999 entitled
environment and development. The legislative process gave out environmental management and
coordination act (EMCA) NO 8 1999 as to be the first Kenya first framework regarding the
environmental law. Both the sectional paper and the act is supposed to be added in the existing
law and policies regarding the water forests and minerals.

The structural changes is essential in attaining the growth rate by the economic recovery
strategies which is pointed out in Millennium Development Goal (MDGs) and vision 2030 that is
meant to achieve sustainable industrial development.

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CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design
The study is going to use descriptive design which will be used to explain the reason as to why
the problem exist i.e. the environmental problems that is caused by the alpha fine food
processing industry. Descriptive gathers data with a purpose of seeking to investigate the root
cause of environmental problem, which will finally report the findings.

3.2 Study Area

Alpha fine food processing industries is based in Nairobi district at Embakasi West constituency.
Its main location is in industrial area off enterprise road A. Alpha Fine Food Limited (AFFL)was
established in 1997 with two vehicles and five staff members .it has now grown into a major
meat and food processing industry company in Kenya .during this period , the company has
positioned itself as a premier supplier of quality food products within East Africa and beyond as
well as enhancing the meat industry standards by being the first company to achieve HACCP
(Hazard analysis and critical control point) certificate in 2004.

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Figure 1.2: A Map of the Study Area. Source Android Google Maps

3.3 Population
Kumar (2011) defines population as the collection items, events and people with shared
observable characteristics that assisted in deriving a conclusion. The area of the study has got
over 100,000 people according to (KNBS 2019) and a formula of Fischer et al 1993 will be
applied since the population is more than 10,000 people.

Z 2 pq
n¿
d2

Where;

n=the desired sample size

z=standard normal deviation at the required confidence level (1.96) at 0.05 or 95%

p=the variability of the characteristics. The probability of 0.5 will be used

q=1-p

1.96 2 × 0.5× 0.5

d=degree of accuracy required therefore n= =384
0.052

384 will be included in the study.

3.4Sampling Techniques
A sample is a finite part of a statistical population whose properties are studied to gain
information about the whole (Webster 1995).It is a process of selecting a number of individuals
or objects from a population whereby the groups that are selected contains the tools that is used
to represent the characteristics of a group (Orodho and Kombo, 2002). This study is going to use
stratified type of sampling whereby I will identify subgroup and their proportion in the
population the select from each subgroup to form a sample targeting the representation while
accounting for difference in each group characteristics (Gichuru, 2013).

3.5 Data Collection Instruments

This involves acquiring of information from the selected groups of the research study (Kariuki,
2018).The study will include questionnaires, observation, and interviews to collect information
from the respondents in the group selected for the research. Questions for the respondent will be
open-ended and close ended to ensure that every one expresses themselves accordingly.

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3.6 Data Analysis and Presentation.

The data collected from the study will be checked, tabulated, analyzed to enable answering the
research question. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze the collected information.
Measure of central tendency and dispersion to obtain the mean of the respondents drawn from
the conclusion between the variables.

3.7 Ethical Consideration.

The researcher should assure the respondents that he will not subject them into any harm
whatsoever and assure that the respect for the dignity of research participant should be prioritized
Mugenda 2008 argued that protecting the rights of the participants should be the major ethical
duty for all parties in the research study.

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CHAPTER FOUR: DATA COLLECTION ANALYSIS AND

PRESENTATION

4.1 BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS

4.1.1 Gender

Figure 1.3: Gender Pie Chart

The research included both male and female. Female had a greater response compared to male.

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4.1.2 Age
The age bracket constituted 18-35, 36-45, 46-55 and 55 and above where the leading age bracket
with largest respondents was 18-35 then followed by 46-55, 36-45 consecutively .the group with
the fewest respondents was 55 and above.

Figure 1.4: Age Pie Chart

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4.1.3 Marital Status

The research included single, married and divorced where married had many
respondents, which is followed by the single people, and the least respondents group is
the divorced.

.Figure 1.5: Marital Status Pie Chart

4.1.4 Education
In the education sector, it had tertiary, secondary, primary, and non-formal education which was
led by the tertiary which include university and college students, then followed by secondary
group, primary and the last with the fewest respondents was the non-formal education.

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Figure 1.5: Education Pie Chart

4.2 WASTE IN ALPHA FINE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

4.2.1 What is the Most Type of Waste Produced by the Company?

Solid was the leading with greater respondents that was the most produced waste in the industry
then followed by liquid which had less respondents.

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid SOLID 35 70.0 70.0 70.0

LIQUID 15 30.0 30.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Table 1.1: Type of Waste Produced by the Company

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4.2.2 Final Disposal of the Liquid Waste

It had sewerage and septic tanks where sewerage led with the greater respondents then followed
by septic tank which
had less respondents.
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid Sewerages 28 56.0 56.0 56.0

septic tanks 22 44.0 44.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Table 1.2: Final Disposal of Liquid Waste

4.2.3 Final Disposal Location of the Solid Waste

The research included landfills and dumpsite where dumpsites led by having greater response
while landfills had less respondents

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Landfills 12 24.0 24.0 24.0
Dumpsites 38 76.0 76.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

Table 1.3: Final Disposal Location of Solid Waste

4.2.3 How is Solid Waste Managed by the Company?

The research included recycling, reusing and burning in the incinerator where reusing had
greatest respondents then followed by recycling, the least respondents were from burning in the
incinerator.
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Recycling 18 36.0 36.0 36.0

Reusing 19 38.0 38.0 74.0

burning in 13 26.0 26.0 100.0

incinerators

Total 50 100.0 100.0

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Table 1.4: Management of solid waste

4.3.1 Does the Company Pay for Pollution?

The response was yes or no where majority agreed that the company pays for the pollution while
the least respondents disagreed that the company pays for the pollution.

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid yes 37 74.0 74.0 74.0

no 13 26.0 26.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Table 1.5: Paying for pollution

4.3.2 Methods Used to Collect Waste from the Industry

The research included the county government and the private garbage collectors which was led
by county government respondents and then followed by private garbage collectors which had
less respondents

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid collected by county 32 64.0 64.0 64.0

council

collected by private 18 36.0 36.0 100.0

garbage collector

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Table 1.6: Methods Used to Collect Waste from the Industry

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4.4 AWARENESS OF ALPHA FINE ON THE FUNCTION OF KENYAN

POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD.

The response was yes or no where majority agreed to be knowing the function of pollution board
while others disagreed not to be knowing the function concerning pollution controlling board.

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent

Valid yes 39 78.0 78.0 78.0

no 11 22.0 22.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Table 1.7: Awareness of Alpha Fine

4.5 WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS CAUSED BY THE INDUSTRY ON

ENVIRONMENTS
The research involved land degradation, air pollution, and water pollution where air pollution
had greatest respondents was air pollution then land degradation, the least respondents was water
pollution.

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid land degradation 17 34.0 34.0 34.0

air pollution 19 38.0 38.0 72.0

water pollution 14 28.0 28.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Table 1.8: Negative Impacts of Industry on the Environment

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CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS AND

LIMITATION
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will cover the summary of the study, conclusions, recommendations, limitations of
the study and other areas for the study.

SUMMARY OF THE STUDY

The whole project involved studying the environmental impacts that is caused by the industrial
activities at Alpha fine food processing industry in Nairobi County, Kenya. The Nairobi
integrated development plan 2013-2019 recognizes the environmental degradation due to
industrialization especially food processing industries (CGK 2013). The main objective of the
study was To assess the impact of food processing industry on environment in Nairobi city
county(a case of meat processing industry) according to the first specific objectives which was
To investigate the type of waste produced by the industry which evident solid and the liquid
waste to be the most produced waste by the industry, the second specific objective was to assess
the environmental impact of waste generated by the industry and it has been evident that solid
and liquid waste causes environmental impacts like land degradation due to improper solid waste
and liquid waste disposal, water pollution.

CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY

The study concluded that,

Alpha fine food processing industry is associated with land degradation through improper solid
waste disposal in open fields, loss of aesthetic value, water pollution through improper spillage
of liquid waste into drainages channeling their water into Nairobi River.

The majority of the respondents agreed that industrial activities have negative impacts towards
the environment most especially water pollution that’s affects their domestic activities like water
for drinking.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Alpha fine meat processing industry should emphasize on reusing the waste materials to produce
other products such as meat and bone meal used in animal nutrition as a protein source in place
of proteins.

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References
Dara S.S (2002) Environmental chemistry and pollution control S. Chad and publishing
company-publishing house New Delhi pp 402

Hassan H.M and Amadi, P (2013) Industrial waste management with application of RIAM
environmental assessment. A case study of Tools of industrial waste Iranica J energy and
environment.

JICA report 1996.The study of water pollution control in upper Manyame river basin in the
republic of Zimbabwe.

Nhapi I., Sibiel H.G 2001 Assessment of major water and nutrients flows in the Chivero
catchment area.

Nhapi I., Sibiel, MA and Gijzen H.G (2001).Sewerage contribution to the pollution of Lake
Chivero.

U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of pollution prevention and toxics

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APPENDICES
Appendix I: Letter of Transmittal

Aisha Hassan Maliyo

Machakos University

0704613838

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

RE: DATA COLLECTION

I am a student at Machakos University pursuing a degree in Environmental Studies (Community

Development). I am undertaking a research project as part of the requirement for the fulfillment
for the award of the degree. The research seeks to assess the impacts of food processing industry
on environment at Alpha Fine Food Limited located at Embakasi.

The purpose of this letter is to petition you to contribute to the study by completing the attached
questionnaire as accurately as possible. The findings will be used strictly for academic purposes
and you are assured of confidentiality. Your contribution will be highly valued.

Appendix II: Questionnaire

Section 1: Background Information
Please indicate a tick
1. Indicate your Gender
(a) Male [ ] (b) Female [ ]

2. Your highest level of education

(a) Tertiary [ ]
(b) Secondary [ ]
(c) Primary [ ]
(d) No Formal Education [ ]

3. Age
(a) 18-35 [ ]
(b) 36-45 [ ]
(c) 46-55 [ ]
(d) 55 and above [ ]

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4. Marital status
(a) Single [ ]
(b) Married [ ]
(c) Divorce

5. What are the most type of waste is it produced in the industry?

i. Solid [ ]
ii. Liquid[ ]
iii. Gas[ ]

6. What is the final disposal location of the industrial waste?

Liquid

i. ………………………………….
ii. ………………………………….
iii. ………………………………….

Solid

i. ……………………………………..
ii. ……………………………………..
iii. ……………………………………..

7. How is the solid waste managed by the industries?

a) ……………………………………………………………………………
b) ……………………………………………………………………………
c) …………………………………………………………………………….
d) …………………………………………………………………………….
e) ……………………………………………………………………………

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8. Does the company pay for the pollution that has been caused by the industry?

9. What are the methods used by the industry to collect the waste from the industry?
i. ………………………………………………………………………………….
ii. ………………………………………………………………………………….
iii. ……………………………………………………………………...................

10. .Are you aware of the function of the Kenyan pollution control board with regard to
prevention and control of pollution?

Yes [ ]

No [ ]

11. What are the negative impacts caused by the industry around the environment?
i. ……………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………
v. …………………………………………………………………….
vi. ……………………………………………………………………

1. Sources of liquid waste

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

2. Sources of solid waste

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

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WORK PLAN

Month/ Activity August- October- January- February-

October December February April
Proposal writing
Corrections and submission
Development of research
tools and sampling
Data analysis and
interpretation
Report compilation and
presentation of findings
Table 1.9: Work Plan

BUDGET

Item Quantity Price Amount

Pen 1 20 100

Notebook 1 100 100

Fare Not applicable 2000 2000

USB flash disk 1 400 1500

Printing and 100 10 1500

photocopy

Lunch N/A 1000 6000

Other expenses NA 1000 1000

Total 12200

Table 2.1: Budget

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.

Figure 1.7: An Industry Disposing Liquid Waste into a River

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