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微积分公式大全
微积分公式大全
一、基本导数公式
⑴ ( c )′ = 0 ⑶ ( sin x )′ = cos x
μ μ −1
⑵ x = μx
⑼ e( )′ = e
x x
⑽ a( )′ = a
x x
ln a ⑾ ( ln x )′ =
1
x
(
⑿ log a x )′ = x ln1 a ⒀ ( arcsin x )′ =
1
⒁ ( arccos x )′ = −
1
1 − x2 1 − x2
⒂ ( arctan x )′ =
1
1 + x2
⒃ ( arc cot x )′ = −
1
1 + x2
⒄ ( x )′ = 1 ⒅ ( x )′ = 2 1 x
二、导数的四则运算法则
⎛ u ⎞′ u ′v − uv′
( u ± v )′ = u ′ ± v′ ( uv )′ = u′v + uv′ ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝v⎠ v2
三、高阶导数的运算法则
( n) (n) (n) ( n)
(1) ⎡⎣u ( x ) ± v ( x ) ⎤⎦ = u ( x) ± v ( x) (2) ⎡⎣ cu ( x ) ⎤⎦ = cu ( ( x)
n)
(n) ( n)
n
(3) ⎡⎣u ( ax + b ) ⎤⎦ = a nu ( ( ax + b ) (4) ⎡⎣u ( x ) ⋅ v ( x ) ⎤⎦ = ∑ cnk u ( ( x )v ( k ) ( x )
n) n−k )
k =0
四、基本初等函数的 n 阶导数公式
( ) ( ) ( )
(n) (n) (n)
(1) x n = n! (2) e ax + b = a n ⋅ e ax +b (3) a x = a x ln n a
(n) ⎛ π⎞ (n) ⎛ π⎞
(4) ⎡⎣sin ( ax + b ) ⎤⎦ = a n sin ⎜ ax + b + n ⋅ ⎟ (5) ⎡⎣ cos ( ax + b ) ⎤⎦ = a n cos ⎜ ax + b + n ⋅ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
( n)
⎛ 1 ⎞ an ⋅ n! (n) a n ⋅ ( n − 1) !
= ( −1) (7) ⎡⎣ ln ( ax + b ) ⎤⎦ = ( −1)
n n −1
(6) ⎜ ⎟
( ax + b ) ( ax + b )
n +1
⎝ ax + b ⎠
n
五、微分公式与微分运算法则
⑴ d (c) = 0 ( )
⑵ d x μ = μ x μ −1dx ⑶ d ( sin x ) = cos xdx
⑼d e ( ) = e dx
x x
⑽d a ( )=ax x
ln adx ⑾ d ( ln x ) =
1
x
dx
(
⑿ d log a x = ) 1
dx ⒀ d ( arcsin x ) =
1
dx ⒁ d ( arccos x ) = −
1
dx
x ln a 1 − x2 1 − x2
1 1
⒂ d ( arctan x ) = dx ⒃ d ( arc cot x ) = − dx
1 + x2 1 + x2
六、微分运算法则
⑴ d ( u ± v ) = du ± dv ⑵ d ( cu ) = cdu
⎛ u ⎞ vdu − udv
⑶ d ( uv ) = vdu + udv ⑷d ⎜ ⎟=
⎝v⎠ v2
七、基本积分公式
x μ +1 dx
∫ ∫ ∫
μ
⑴ kdx = kx + c ⑵ x dx = +c ⑶ = ln x + c
μ +1 x
ax
∫
⑷ a dx = +c ∫
⑸ e dx = e + c ∫
⑹ cos xdx = sin x + c
x x x
ln a
1
∫
⑺ sin xdx = − cos x + c ⑻ ∫ cos 2
x
dx = ∫ sec 2 xdx = tan x + c
1 1
⑼ ∫ sin 2
x
= ∫ csc 2 xdx = − cot x + c ⑽ ∫ 1+ x 2
dx = arctan x + c
1
⑾ ∫ 1 − x2
dx = arcsin x + c
八、补充积分公式
1 x 1
∫ a −x
2 2
dx = arcsin
a
+c ∫ x ±a2 2
dx = ln x + x 2 ± a 2 + c
九、下列常用凑微分公式
积分型 换元公式
1 u = ax + b
∫ f ( ax + b )dx = a ∫ f ( ax + b )d ( ax + b )
∫ f ( x )x f ( x μ )d ( x μ )
1
∫
μ μ −1
dx = u = xμ
μ
1
∫ f ( ln x ) ⋅ x dx = ∫ f ( ln x )d ( ln x ) u = ln x
∫ f ( e ) ⋅ e dx = ∫ f ( e )d ( e )
x x x x
u = ex
∫ f ( a ) ⋅ a dx = ln a ∫ f ( a )d ( a )
1
u = ax
x x x x
u = cot x
∫ f ( cot x ) ⋅ csc xdx = ∫ f ( cot x )d ( cot x )
2
1
∫ f ( arctan x ) ⋅ 1 + x 2
dx = ∫ f ( arc ta n x )d ( arc ta n x )
u = arctan x
1 u = arcsin x
∫ f ( arcsin x ) ⋅ 1− x 2
dx = ∫ f ( arcsin x )d ( arcsin x )
十、分部积分法公式
∫
⑴形如 x n e ax dx ,令 u = x n , dv = e ax dx
∫
形如 x n sin xdx 令 u = x n , dv = sin xdx
∫
形如 x n cos xdx 令 u = x n , dv = cos xdx
∫
⑵形如 x n arctan xdx ,令 u = arctan x , dv = x n dx
∫
形如 x n ln xdx ,令 u = ln x , dv = x n dx
∫ ∫
⑶形如 e ax sin xdx , e ax cos xdx 令 u = e ,sin x, cos x 均可。
ax
十一、第二换元积分法中的三角换元公式
(1) a − x
2 2
x = a sin t (2) a2 + x2 x = a tan t (3) x − a
2 2
x = a sec t
【特殊角的三角函数值】
π 1 π 3 π
(1) sin 0 = 0 (2) sin = (3) sin = (4) sin = 1 ) (5) sin π = 0
6 2 3 2 2
π 3 π 1 π
(1) cos 0 = 1 (2) cos = (3) cos = (4) cos = 0 ) (5) cos π = −1
6 2 3 2 2
π 3 π π
(1) tan 0 = 0 (2) tan = (3) tan = 3 (4) tan 不存在 (5) tan π = 0
6 3 3 2
π π 3 π
(1) cot 0 不存在 (2) cot = 3 (3) cot = (4) cot = 0 (5) cot π 不存在
6 3 3 2
十二、重要公式
1
sin x
(1) lim =1 (2) lim (1 + x ) x = e (3) lim n a ( a > o) = 1
x→0 x x →0 n →∞
π π
(4) lim n n = 1 (5) lim arctan x = (6) lim arc tan x = −
n →∞ x →∞ 2 x →−∞ 2
(7) lim arc cot x = 0 (8) lim arc cot x = π (9) lim e = 0
x
x →∞ x →−∞ x →−∞
⎧ a0
⎪b n=m
a0 x + a1 x + L + an ⎪⎪
n −1
n 0
十三、下列常用等价无穷小关系( x → 0)
1 2
sin x x tan x x arcsin x x arctan x x 1 − cos x x
2
ln (1 + x ) (1 + x )
∂
x ex −1 x ax −1 x ln a − 1 ∂x
十四、三角函数公式
1.两角和公式
sin( A + B ) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B sin( A − B ) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B
cos( A + B ) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B cos( A − B ) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
A 1 − cos A A 1 + cos A
sin = cos =
2 2 2 2
dy
3.一阶线性非齐次微分方程: + p ( x) y = Q ( x) 解为:
dx
− p ( x ) dx ⎡
y=e ∫ Q x e∫ dx + c ⎤
p ( x ) dx
⎢⎣ ∫ ( ) ⎥⎦