SIDES AND ANGLES OF 4 TRI, \
13.1. (i) Sides of a Triangle
(ii) Angles of a Triangle
Students Learning Outcomes
After studying this unit, the students will be able to:
* prove that if two sides of a triangle are unequal in length, th
angle of greater measure opposite to it, te tone VI
* prove that if two angles of a triangle are unequal in meas |
to the greater angle is longer than the side opposite to the sma iy, ||
* prove that the sum of the lengths of any two sides of g trian any,
the length of the third side. Bs eg |
* prove that from a point. out-side a line, the Perpendiut el
distance from the point to the I Sth
Introduction
Recall that if two sides of a triangle are equal, then the an, les
are also equal and vice-versa. But in this unit we shal tg sy,
inequality relations among sides and angles of a triangle, Some ing
eorem 13.1.1
If two sides of a triangle are unequal in length, the longer sie ik
of greater measure opposite to it. ty
A
Given
In AABC, mAC > mAB
To Prove
mZABC > mZACB
Construction 8
On AC take a point D such that AD = AB . Join B to D so that Aah
isosceles triangle. Label 21 and 22 as shown in the given figure.
218Mathematics 9
Reasony
(i) | Angles opposite to cong
(construction)
Huent sides,
we (ii) | (At exterior angle of a Wiangle is pre
than a non-adjacent interior
se (iii) | By (i) and (ii)
‘ler
ingle)
nc +mZDBC Postulate of addition of angles
c= i
FL dl cones (iy)
. c>mZ1 mZACB By (iii) and (ivy
JAB smZACB (Transitive property of inequality of real
gor 0B numbers)
a that in a sealene triangle, the angle opposite to the largest side i
ter than 60°. (i.e., (Wo-third of a tight-angle)
sure real A
vet
mn AABC. AC > AB > BC
fpProve
mZB > 60°
roof
Statements
hb AABC
mZB>mZC mAC > mAB (given)
mZB>mZA mAC > mBC (given)
Bu mZA+mZB + mZC = 180° ZA, ZB, ZC are the angles of AABC
mZB + mZB + mZB > 180° mZB > mZC, mZB > mZA (proved)
Bence m2B > 60° ___| 18 6fai= 60° iUni
ND ANGLES OF A TRIANG, 3
7 “R
SIDES A
13.1. (i) Sides ofa Triangle
(ii) Angles of a Triangle
mes
Students Learning Outco!
student
a triangle are unequal in length, the long,
psite tO it. ET Side hae |
Ws ay
After study’
prove that if ovo si
angle of greater med
ides of
sure OPPe
angles of @ triangle are unequal in measure, the i:
is er than the side opposi + Me side
Je is longer that pposite to the smaller angle, PPOsite
jengths of any two sides of
prove that if wo
to the greater ang!
* prove that the sum of the |
the length of the third side.
a point, out-side a line, the perpendicular is th
iS the
Shortest
a triangle j
is g
EFeater tp,
lan
prove that from
distance from the point to the line.
Introduction
Recall that if two sides of a triangle are equal, then the angles apposi
Site t0 then
and vice-versa. But in this unit we shall st
shall study some
interest,
iB
are also equal
gles of a triangle.
inequality relations among sides and an;
eorem 13.1.1 Me
If two sides of a triangle are unequal in length, the longer side has
an angle
of greater measure opposite to it.
Given
In AABC, mAC > mAB
To Prove
mZABC > mZACB
Construction
On AC take a point D such that AD i
i 5 = AB. Join B so tha
isosceles triangle. Label Z| and 22 as shown in the ven ee a
igure.
8 ¢
218
|yr
219
Mathematics 9
proof
Statements =
2 AABD Reasons _
mZl=mZ2 i A
sree (i) | Angles opposite to congruent sides,
(construction)
tn ABCD. mZACB < mZ2
ie. 2>mZ. ii |
ic, mZ2>m. ACB ee (ii) ie exterior angle of a uiangle is greater
‘an a non-adjacent interior angle)
mZt>mZACB Gii) | By (i) and (ii)
But
mZABC = mZI +mZDBC Postulate of addition of angles.
mZABC>mZ10 0 ee (iv)
-, mZABC> mZ1 >mZACB By (iii) and (iv)
Hence mZABC > mZACB (Transitive property of inequality of real
numbers)
Example 1
Prove that in a scalene triangle, the angle opposite to the largest side is of
measure greater than 60°. (i.e., two-third of a ae
Given
In AABC, AC > AB > BC
To Prove
Reasons =
mAC > mAB (given) |
mAC > mBC (given) |
ZA, ZB, ZC are the angles of AABC |
mZB>mZC, mZB>mZA (proved)
180°/3 = 60° a.)sides and Angles of (ree
sides a0
proof
[
jes
Hin
LB2 22
AMBD
In
mZ1>mZB
mZ1>mZ2
ALCD,
mZ2>mZ3
eee, .
pte
. mZi>mZ4
ence mAL > mAM
/Meorem 13.1.3
W The sum of the
length of the third side.
Given
AABC
To Prove
a) mAB + mAC > mBC
(i) mAB+ mBC > mAC
(iii), mBC +mCA > mAB
Construction
> “
Take a point D on CA such that AD
Z1, 22 as shown in the given figure.
Il | (ZL is anext. Z and zp is j
lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than th
the
| opposite 2) "Sten
From J and IT |
(22 is an ext. Z and 23 is its
opposite 2) intemal
Vertical angles |
From V and VI
In AALM, m41 > mZ4 (proved)
1
D>.
= AB. Join B to D and name the angles,
Proof
Statements |
Re
In AABD, ~ |
|
21222 AD = AB
ee AD=AB (construction) |
m. mZDBC = mZ1 + mZABC
MZDBCS MZ) ees (iii) | From (i) and (ii)4 ppc.
co? MBC | By (iii)
. an + mAC > MBC mCD =mAD + mac
| ac BC —
lente AB + mAC > : |mAD=mAB (construction)
gilt
| AB +mBC > MAC
| —_ a
\| nd mpc +mCA > mAB
“gxample 1
Which of the following sets of lengths can be the lengths of the sides of a
| triangle?
(a) 2em,3em,5em (b) 3em,4em,Sem, (c) 2em,4em,7em,
(a) 24355
+, This set of lengths cannot be those of the sides of a triangle.
(b) v 34+4>5,345>4,4+5>3
:. This set can form a triangle.
() 24+4<7
This set of lengths cannot be the sides of a triangle.
| Example 2
Prove that the sum of the measures of two sides of a triangle is greater than
twice the measure of the median which bisects the third side.
| Given -
| In AABC,
median AD bisects side BC at D.
To Prove
mAB + mAC > 2mAD.
Construction
> es
On AD, take a point B, such that DE = AD.
Join C to E. Name the angles 21, 22 as shown
in the figure.a= 21 ee
ane
a ra mBD > mDC. us
Theorem 13.1.4 oo
From a point, outside a line, the perpendicular is the shortest distance
c
from the point to the line.
iven :
F A line AB and a point C (not lying on
— 2
4 B )anda point D on AB such that CD 1 AB.
To Prove
mCD is the , shortest distance form the
point C to AB.
Construction Ps
Eon AB. Join C and E to form a ACDE.
Take a pint
Proof,
[ Statements | Reasons
In ACDE
mZCDB > mZCED (An exterior angle of a triangle is greater
than non adjacent interior angle).
But mZCDB = mZCDE Supplement of right angle.
mZCDE >mZCED
mZCED < mZCDE a>b>b