University Institute of Legal Studies

Panjab University, Chandigarh

“METHODS OF CITATIONS: FOOTNOTES,

ENDNOTES, REFERENCES, BIBLIOGRAPHY, WEBLIOGRAPHY.”

A Project Report
Submitted as a part of curriculum of
B.Com. LL.B.(Hons.) in the subject of
“RESEARCH METHODOLOGY”

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

Sampark Kohli (Prof.)Dr. Gulshan Kumar

B.Com.LL.B.(Hons.)
Section-D
Roll No.-202/18
Semester 6

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 ACKNOWLEDEGEMENT

I deem it my proud privilege to express my indebtedness and sincere thanks to all those who
have in various ways, helped me in the successful completion of the project titled “METHODS
OF CITATIONS: FOOTNOTES, ENDNOTES, REFERENCES, BIBLIOGRAPHY,
WEBLIOGRAPHY” and without their invaluable help this project would not have been a
reality.

I am extremely thankful to (PROF.)DR. GULSHAN KUMAR, who was a constant source of

knowledge and inspiration at all levels throughout my project and provided a lot of guidance in
the fulfillment of project.

Finally, I express my most sincere gratitude to my parents and my family members for
supporting and encouraging me to do this project and helping me to complete it with a lot of
efficiency and on time.

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 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that SAMPARK KOHLI, a student of Bcom. L.L.B. (Hons.) has
successfully completed the research on the RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
project METHODS OF CITATION under the guidance of DR. GULSHAN
KUMAR during the academic session 2020-21 as per the guidelines issued by
Panjab University, Chandigarh.

Dr. Gulshan Kumar

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
1 Citation Meaning 5
2 Citation Content 5
3 Citation Systems 6-9
4 Citation Styles 10-14
5 Footnotes 14
6 Endnotes 14
7 Bibliography 15
8 Webliography 15
9 Legal Citation 16
10 Indian Law Institute 17-18
11 Citation of a Case Law 19-20
12 Conclusion 20
13 Bibliography and Webliography 21

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 CITATION-MEANING
A citation is a reference to a source. More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric
expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the
bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of
the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears.

Generally the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes
what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not).
References to single, machine-readable assertions in electronic scientific articles are known as
nanopublications, a form of microattribution.

CITATION CONTENT
Citation content can vary depending on the type of source and may include:

• Book: author(s), book title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, and page
number(s) if appropriate.
• Journal: author(s), article title, journal title, date of publication, and page number(s).
• Newspaper: author(s), article title, name of newspaper, section title and page number(s) if
desired, date of publication.
• Web site: author(s), article and publication title where appropriate, as well as a URL, and a
date when the site was accessed.
• Play: inline citations offer part, scene, and line numbers, the latter separated by periods:
4.452 refers to scene 4, line 452. For example, "In Eugene Onegin, Onegin rejects Tanya
when she is free to be his, and only decides he wants her when she is already married"
(Pushkin 4.452–53).
• Poem: spaced slashes are normally used to indicate separate lines of a poem,
and parenthetical citations usually include the line number(s). For example: "For I must love
because I live / And life in me is what you give." (Brennan, lines 15–16).
• Interview: name of interviewer, interview descriptor (ex. personal interview) and date of
interview.

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 CITATION SYSTEMS
Broadly speaking, there are two types of citation systems, the Vancouver system and
parenthetical referencing. However, the Council of Science Editors (CSE) adds a third,
the citation-name system.

1. VANCOUVER SYSTEM

The Vancouver system, also known as Vancouver reference style or the author–number
system, is a citation style that uses numbers within the text that refer to numbered entries in the
reference list. It is popular in the physical sciences and is one of two referencing systems
normally used in medicine, the other being the author–date, or "Harvard", system.

Hundreds of scientific journals use author–number systems. They all follow the same essential
logic (that is, numbered citations pointing to numbered list entries), although the trivial details of
the output mask, such as punctuation, casing of titles, and italic, vary widely among them. They
have existed for over a century; the names "Vancouver system" or "Vancouver style" have
existed since 1978.

These recommendations, the Vancouver Convention and Vancouver guidelines, have a much
broader scope than only the citation style: they provide ethical guidelines for writers and rules
for co-authorship in scientific collaborations to avoid fraud.

In the broad sense, the Vancouver system refers to any author–number system regardless of
the formatting details. A narrower definition of the Vancouver system refers to a specific author–
number format specified by the ICMJE Recommendations (Uniform Requirements for
Manuscripts, URM). For example, the AMA reference style is Vancouver style in the broad
sense because it is an author–number system that conforms to the URM, but not in the narrow
sense because its formatting differs in some minor details from the NLM/PubMed style (such as
what is italicized and whether the citation numbers are bracketed).

The Vancouver system uses sequential numbers in the text, either bracketed or superscript
or both. The numbers refer to either footnotes (notes at the end of the page) or endnotes (notes
on a page at the end of the paper) that provide source detail. The notes system may or may not

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 require a full bibliography, depending on whether the writer has used a full-note form or a
shortened-note form.

For example, an excerpt from the text of a paper using a notes system without a full
bibliography could look like:

"The five stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance."
• The note, located either at the foot of the page (footnote) or at the end of the paper (endnote)
would look like this:
1. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, On Death and Dying (New York: Macmillan, 1969) 45–60.

• In a paper with a full bibliography, the shortened note might look like:
1. Kübler-Ross, On Death and Dying 45–60.

• The bibliography entry, which is required with a shortened note, would look like this:

Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth. On Death and Dying. New York: Macmillan, 1969.

• In the humanities, many authors also use footnotes or endnotes to supply anecdotal
information. In this way, what looks like a citation is actually supplementary material, or
suggestions for further reading.

2. PARENTHETICAL REFERENCING
Parenthetical referencing, also known as Harvard referencing, is a citation style in which
partial citations—for example, "(Smith 2010, p. 1)"—are enclosed within parentheses and
embedded in the text, either within or after a sentence. They are accompanied by a full,
alphabetized list of citations in an end section, usually titled "references", "reference list", "works
cited", or "end-text citations". Parenthetical referencing can be used in lieu of footnote citations
(the Vancouver system).

Parenthetical referencing, also known as Harvard referencing, has full or partial, in-text, citations
enclosed in circular brackets and embedded in the paragraph.

An example of a parenthetical reference:

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 "The five stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance"
(Kübler-Ross, 1969, pp. 45–60).

Depending on the choice of style, fully cited parenthetical references may require no end
section. Other styles include a list of the citations, with complete bibliographical
references, in an end section, sorted alphabetically by author. This section is often called
"References", "Bibliography", "Works cited" or "Works consulted".

In-text references for online publications may differ from conventional parenthetical
referencing. A full reference can be hidden, only displayed when wanted by the reader, in the
form of a tooltip. This style makes citing easier and improves the reader's experience.

There are two styles of parenthetical referencing:

• Author–date: primarily used in the natural sciences and social sciences, and recommended
by the American Chemical Society and the American Psychological Association (APA)
(see APA style);
• Author–title or author–page: primarily used in the arts and the humanities, and
recommended by the Modern Language Association (MLA) (see MLA Handbook).

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 TWO STYLES OF PARENTHETICAL REFERENCING:

2.1 APA style

It is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and
books. It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social
sciences. It is described in the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA),
which is titled the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The
guidelines were developed to aid reading comprehension in the social and behavioral
sciences, for clarity of communication, and for "word choice that best reduces bias in
language". APA style is widely used, either entirely or with modifications, by hundreds of
other scientific journals (including medical and other public health journals), in many
textbooks, and in academia (for papers written in classes). The actual edition is its 7th
revision.

2.2 The MLA Handbook

(8th ed., 2016), formerly the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (1977–2009),
establishes a system for documenting sources in scholarly writing. It is published by
the Modern Language Association, which is based in the United States. According to the
organization, their MLA style "has been widely adopted for classroom instruction and used
worldwide by scholars, journal publishers, and academic and commercial presses".

The MLA Handbook began as an abridged student version of the MLA Style Manual. Both
are academic style guides that have been widely used in the United States, Canada, and
other countries, providing guidelines for writing and documentation of research in
the humanities, such as English studies (including the English language, writing,
and literature written in English); the study of other modern languages and literatures,
including comparative literature; literary criticism; media studies; cultural studies; and
related disciplines. Released in April 2016, the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook (like
its previous editions) is addressed primarily to secondary-school and undergraduate college
and university teachers and students.

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 CITATION STYLES
Citation styles can be broadly divided into styles common to the Humanities and the Sciences,
though there is considerable overlap. Some style guides, such as the Chicago Manual of Style,
are quite flexible and cover both parenthetical and note citation systems. Others, such
as MLA and APA styles, specify formats within the context of a single citation system. These
may be referred to as citation formats as well as citation styles. The various guides thus specify
order of appearance, for example, of publication date, title, and page numbers following the
author name, in addition to conventions of punctuation, use of italics, emphasis, parenthesis,
quotation marks, etc., particular to their style.

A number of organizations have created styles to fit their needs; consequently, a number of
different guides exist. Individual publishers often have their own in-house variations as well,
and some works are so long-established as to have their own citation methods too: Stephanus
pagination for Plato; Bekker numbers for Aristotle; citing the Bible by book, chapter and verse;
or Shakespeare notation by play.

1.HUMANITIES

1. The Chicago Style (CMOS) was developed and its guide is The Chicago Manual of
Style. It is most widely used in history and economics as well as some social sciences.
The closely related Turabian style—which derives from it—is for student references, and
is distinguished from the CMOS by omission of quotation marks in reference lists, and
mandatory access date citation.
2. The Columbia Style was created by Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor to give detailed
guidelines for citing internet sources. Columbia Style offers models for both the
humanities and the sciences.
3. Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace by Elizabeth
Shown Mills covers primary sources not included in CMOS, such as censuses, court,
land, government, business, and church records. Includes sources in electronic format.
Used by genealogists and historians.
4. Harvard referencing (or author-date system) is a specific kind of parenthetical
referencing. Parenthetical referencing is recommended by both the British Standards

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 Institution and the Modern Language Association. Harvard referencing involves a short
author-date reference, e.g., "(Smith, 2000)", being inserted after the cited text within
parentheses and the full reference to the source being listed at the end of the article.
5. MLA style was developed by the Modern Language Association and is most often used
in the arts and the humanities, particularly in English studies, other literary studies,
including comparative literature and literary criticism in languages other than English
("foreign languages"), and some interdisciplinary studies, such as cultural
studies, drama and theatre, film, and other media, including television. This style of
citations and bibliographical format uses parenthetical referencing with author-page
(Smith 395) or author-[short] title-page (Smith, Contingencies 42) in the case of more
than one work by the same author within parentheses in the text, keyed to an alphabetical
list of sources on a "Works Cited" page at the end of the paper, as well as notes
(footnotes or endnotes).
6. The MHRA Style Guide is published by the Modern Humanities Research
Association (MHRA) and most widely used in the arts and humanities in the United
Kingdom, where the MHRA is based. It is available for sale both in the UK and in the
United States. It is similar to MLA style, but has some differences. For example, MHRA
style uses footnotes that reference a citation fully while also providing a bibliography.
Some readers find it advantageous that the footnotes provide full citations, instead of
shortened references, so that they do not need to consult the bibliography while reading
for the rest of the publication details.

2.LAW

1. The Bluebook is a citation system traditionally used in American academic legal writing,
and the Bluebook (or similar systems derived from it) are used by many courts. At
present, academic legal articles are always footnoted, but motions submitted to courts and
court opinions traditionally use inline citations, which are either separate sentences or
separate clauses. Inline citations allow readers to quickly determine the strength of a
source based on, for example, the court a case was decided in and the year it was decided.

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 2. The legal citation style used almost universally in Canada is based on the Canadian
Guide to Uniform Legal Citation (AKA McGill Guide), published by McGill Law
Journal.
3. British legal citation almost universally follows the Oxford Standard for Citation of
Legal Authorities (OSCOLA).

3.SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING, PHYSIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE

1. The American Chemical Society style, or ACS style, is often used in Chemistry and
some of the physical sciences. In ACS style references are numbered in the text and in
the reference list, and numbers are repeated throughout the text as needed.
2. In the style of the American Institute of Physics (AIP style), references are also
numbered in the text and in the reference list, with numbers repeated throughout the text
as needed.
3. Styles developed for the American Mathematical Society (AMS), or AMS styles, such
as AMS-LaTeX, are typically implemented using the BibTeX tool in
the LaTeX typesetting environment. Brackets with author's initials and year are inserted
in the text and at the beginning of the reference. Typical citations are listed in-line with
alphabetic-label format, e.g. [AB90]. This type of style is also called an "Authorship
trigraph."
4. The Vancouver system, recommended by the Council of Science Editors (CSE), is
used in medical and scientific papers and research.
o In one major variant, that used by the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME), citation numbers are included in the text in square brackets
rather than as superscripts. All bibliographical information is exclusively included
in the list of references at the end of the document, next to the respective citation
number.
o The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) is
reportedly the original kernel of this biomedical style, which evolved from the
Vancouver 1978 editors' meeting. The MEDLINE/PubMed database uses this
citation style and the National Library of Medicine provides "ICMJE Uniform

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 Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals – Sample
References".
5. The AMA Style.
6. The style of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), or IEEE
style, encloses citation numbers within square brackets and numbers them consecutively,
with numbers repeated throughout the text as needed.
7. In areas of biology that falls within the ICNafp (which itself uses this citation style
throughout), a variant form of author-title citation is the primary method used when
making nomenclatural citations and sometimes general citations (for example in code-
related proposals published in Taxon), with the works in question not cited in the
bibliography unless also cited in the text. Titles use standardized abbreviations
following Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum for periodicals and Taxonomic Literature
2 (later IPNI) for books.
8. Pechenik Citation Style is a style described in A Short Guide to Writing about Biology,
6th ed. (2007), by Jan A. Pechenik.
9. In 1955, Eugene Garfield proposed a bibliographic system for scientific literature, to
consolidate the integrity of scientific publications.

4.SOCIAL SCIENCES

1. The style of the American Psychological Association, or APA style, published in

the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, is most often used
in social sciences. APA citation style is similar to Harvard referencing, listing the
author's name and year of publication, although these can take two forms: name
citations in which the surnames of the authors appear in the text and the year of
publication then appears in parentheses, and author-date citations, in which the
surnames of the authors and the year of publication all appear in parentheses. In both
cases, in-text citations point to an alphabetical list of sources at the end of the paper in a
References section.
2. The American Political Science Association publishes both a style manual and a
style guide for publications in this field. The style is close to the CMOS.

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 3. The ASA style of American Sociological Association is one of the main styles used
in sociological publications.

FOOTNOTES

Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of a page. They cite references or comment on a
designated part of the text above it. For example, say you want to add an interesting comment to
a sentence you have written, but the comment is not directly related to the argument of your
paragraph. In this case, you could add the symbol for a footnote. Then, at the bottom of the page
you could reprint the symbol and insert your comment. Here is an example:

This is an illustration of a footnote.1 The number “1” at the end of the previous sentence
corresponds with the note below. See how it fits in the body of the text?
1 At the bottom of the page you can insert your comments about the sentence preceding the
footnote.

ENDNOTES
An "endnote" is a reference, explanation, or comment placed at the end of an article, research
paper, chapter, or book. Like footnotes (which are used in this article), endnotes serve two main
purposes in a research paper: (1) They acknowledge the source of a quotation, paraphrase,
or summary; and (2) They provide explanatory comments that would interrupt the flow of the
main text.

Endnotes vs. Footnotes

"Your department may specify whether you should use footnotes or endnotes, especially for a
thesis or dissertation. If not, you should generally choose footnotes, which are easier to read.
Endnotes force readers to flip to the back to check every citation. On the other hand, choose
endnotes when your footnotes are so long or numerous that they take up too much space on the

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page, making your report unattractive and difficult to read. Also, endnotes better
accommodate tables, quoted poetry, and other matter that requires special typography."

"Readers of academic and scholarly books usually prefer footnotes to endnotes because the
former allows them to skim the notes without losing their place in the text. Popular wisdom,
however, says that non-scholarly readers are either reluctant or unwilling to purchase a
nonfiction trade book whose feet are hemmed with ribbons of tiny type; thus most trade books
place (the shop term is 'bury') the notes containing sources and references at the back of the
book."

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether referenced or not) in the
process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include:

1. the authors' names

2. the titles of the works
3. the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources
4. the dates your copies were published
5. the page numbers of your sources (if they are part of multi-source volumes)

WEBLIOGRAPHY

A list of electronic documents or websites that relate to a particular subject, especially one used
in a scholarly work. The new age of research has use of websites and online library sources as a
new way of research. These type of research are fast and swift to complete, are very much
feasible and economical for the researcher. The collection of all the sources and documents at a
single place mean the protection of the confidential information is also taken into consideration.

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 LEGAL CITATION
Legal citation is the practice of crediting and referring to authoritative documents and sources.
The most common sources of authority cited are court decisions (cases), statutes, regulations,
government documents, treaties, and scholarly writing.

Typically, a proper legal citation will inform the reader about a source's authority, how strongly
the source supports the writer's proposition, its age, and other, relevant information. This is an
example citation to a United States Supreme Court court case:

Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479, 480 (1965).

This citation gives helpful information about the cited authority to the reader.

• The names of the parties are Griswold and Connecticut. Generally, the name of the
plaintiff (or, on appeal, petitioner) appears first, whereas the name of the defendant (or,
on appeal, respondent) appears second. Thus, the case is Griswold v. Connecticut.
• The case is reported in volume 381 of the United States Reports (abbreviated "U.S.").
The case begins on page 479 of that volume of the report. The authoritative supporting
material for the writer's proposition is on page 480. The reference to page 480 is referred
to as a "pin cite" or "pinpoint."
• The Supreme Court decided the case. Because the U.S. Reports publish only cases that
the Supreme Court decides, the court deciding the case may be inferred from the
reporter.
• The authority supports the proposition directly because it is not qualified with a signal. If
it had offered only indirect or inferential support for the proposition, the author should
have preceded the cite with a qualifying signal such as see or cf.
• The authority is from 1965, so either the clear and enduring wisdom of this source has
been venerated by the test of time, or this clearly dated relic of another era is obviously
ripe for revision, depending upon the needs of the writer.

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 INDIAN LAW INSTITUTE

The Indian Law Institute (ILI) is a Deemed University and socio-legal research institute,
founded in 1956. Established in New Delhi, primarily with the objective of promoting and
conducting legal research, education and training.[3][4] The objectives of the Institute as laid
down in its Memorandum of Association are to cultivate the science of law, to promote
advanced studies and research in law so as to meet the social, economic and other needs of
the Indian people, to promote systematization of law, to encourage and conduct investigations
in legal and allied fields, to improve legal education, to impart instructions in law, and to
publish studies, books, periodicals, etc.

The Institute has formulated a set pattern of citation (i.e., ILI Rules of Footnoting), which is
followed in The Journal of Indian Law Institute, Annual Survey of Indian Law and various other
publications of the Institute. Contributors of articles, notes and comments are required to follow
this pattern.

MODE OF CITING DIFFERENT SOURCE TYPES

• Books
Name of the author, Title of the book p.no. (if referring to specific page or pages) (Publisher,
Place of publication, edition/year of publication).
E.g. M.P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law 98 (Kamal Law House, Calcutta, 5th edn., 1998).

• Journal Article
Name of author of the article, title of the essay within inverted commas, volume number of
journal Name of the journal page number (year).
E.g. Upendra Baxi, “On how not to judge the judges: Notes towards evaluation of the Judicial
Role” 25 Journal of Indian Law Institute 211 (1983).

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 • Unpublished Work
Unpublished Research Work (E. g., Dissertation/Thesis):
Name of the Researcher, Title of the dissertation/thesis (Year) (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Name
of the University/organization).
E.g. Sahil Kumar, Corporate Governance: Regulatory Mechanism With Special Emphasis On
Corporate Social Responsibility (2017) (Unpublished LL.M dissertation, Indian Law Institute).

• Reports
Institution/Author, “title of the Report within inverted commas” page number (Year of
publication).
E.g. Law Commission of India, “144th Report on Conflicting Judicial Decisions Pertaining to the
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908” (April, 1992).

• Statutes

1. Acts
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000).
2. Reports
(i) Law Commission of India, 144th Report on Conflicting Judicial Decisions Pertaining to the
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (April, 1992).

(ii) Government of India, Report: Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System (Ministry
of Home Affairs, 2003)

• Constituent Assembly Debates and Parliamentary Debates

1. Volume no. , Constituent Assembly Debates, page number
E.g. VIII, Constituent Assembly Debates, 31,32.
2. Constituent assembly debates available online
E.g. Constituent Assembly Debates on April 29, 1947 available at:
http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol3p2.html (last visited on May 30, 2008).
3. Parliamentary Debates
E.g. Lok Sabha Debates on July 06, 2019 available at:
http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Debates/debatelok.aspx(last visited on Aug. 01, 2019).

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 CITATION OF A CASE LAW

Case law is law established by judicial decision in cases. When citing to a printed law reporter,
the traditional form of legal citation requires these elements:

• case name (also known as the style of cause) in italics

• “v” to separate names (indicates language of case is English) in italics
• year of decision in round brackets followed by a comma [or a comma, then the year of
publication in square brackets if the year is needed to identify the book]
• volume number
• standard abbreviation of printed reporter title (i.e. DLR for Dominion Law Reports)
• series number in round brackets, if included
• page
• court abbreviation in round brackets, only if not included in the reporter name

General Citation

Case Name (Year), Vol. # Reporter Title (Series#) Page (Court Abbreviation).

Example

R v Latimer (1995), 126 DLR (4th) 203 (Sask CA).

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R v Latimer is the case name, 1995 is the year of decision, volume 126 clearly identifies the
exact volume so the year does not need to be in square brackets, DLR for Dominion Law
Reports, 4th series, case beginning on page 203, as heard by the Saskatchewan Court of
Appeal which is abbreviated Sask CA.

APA In Text/ Parenthetical Citation: (Case Name, Year, Page or Paragraph number if
required) Example: (R v Latimer, 1995)

CONCLUSION

Citations as we have come to know forms an important part of the concept of legal research.
Citation upholds the intellectual honesty of the material the researcher has used. It is important
because as when we see any information in newspaper, research paper, social media, television
or internet which is not cited, we usually ask ourselves, “how does this person know this?” or
“where did he or she get his/her information?” By using citations, our readers are more likely to
trust us and what we write. It acts like a proof or evidence that the desired document or research
is actually supported and based on hard facts.

As discussed in this project, there are different styles of Citation that are used commonly and
some in specific field. These different styles are used as per the researcher’s need or it may
depends on the field which is related to the paper. The essence is to give all the information as
completely as possible to allow the reader to trace the correct sources whether the information
source is printed or non-printed. We can conclude that the use of citations has become an
important aspect of research in legal profession and forms as its important component which now
cannot be taken away from this practice.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques,(2nd ) New
Delhi: New Age International Publishers.

2. Myneni, S.R. (2012). Legal Research Methodology(5th). Faridabad: Allahabad Law

Agency.

WEBLIOGRAPHY
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation

2. https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/methods

3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316050938_Methods_of_Citation_Analysis

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_system

5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthetical_referencing

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