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Example 2: Using the information from Example 1, and assuming that 2014 is the base year,
calculate the GDP Deflator in 2014 and 2015 along with the inflation rate between the two years.
GDP Deflator 2014 = 100 GDP Deflator 2015 = (320 / 250) x 100 = 128
Inflation Rate between 2014 and 2015 = 28%
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Econ 102 Discussion Section 4 (Chapter 8, 10.1 and 11) February 6, 2015
Over longer periods of time, the relationship between the annual growth rate of real GDP per capita
and long run changes in real GDP per capita can be summarized using the rule of 70, which tells us
how long it takes any variable that grows over time to double:
70
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 =
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Another useful concept to be mindful of is compounding. Typically thought of in the context of
interest rates, compounding illustrates how small changes in growth rates can lead to large
differences in the interest earned on an asset or in the real GDP per capita between two countries.
Example 3: Suppose that the real GDP per capita in the US is currently $8 million, and in Ghana it is
$2 million. Furthermore assume that the US economy is growing at 7% per year while Ghana is
growing at 14% per year. How long will it take for Ghana’s GDP to catch up with the United States?
When discussing long run economic growth, economists often refer to potential GDP. Potential GDP
is the level of real GDP produced when firms are producing at capacity. Note however the producing
at capacity does not mean producing the maximum amount of goods possible. Rather, capacity is
defined as the point where firms are operating at normal hours, with a normal sized workforce (i.e.
unemployment neither too high nor too low).
Long run growth is dependent on increases in labor productivity. This can be obtained in one of two
ways: increases in capital per hour worked or technological change. Increasing the capital per hour
worked could for instance mean increasing the number of ovens available per chef in a bakery, while
technological change could possibly mean improving the baking speed of said ovens
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Econ 102 Discussion Section 4 (Chapter 8, 10.1 and 11) February 6, 2015
Practice Problems
0. An economy produces two goods: tomatoes and ketchup. It is assumed that half of the tomatoes
are bought and consumed as final good, the other half is used to produce ketchup.
In 2014, 30 lbs. of tomatoes are produced at $2 each, and 20 oz. of ketchup at $7 each.
In 2015, 40 lbs. of tomatoes are produced at $4 each, and 30 oz. of ketchup at $8 each.
Find the following:
Nominal GDP of 2014: Nominal GDP of 2015:
(15 x 2) + (20 x 7) = 170 (20 x 4) + (30 x 8) = 320
Real GDP of 2014 using 2014 as base year: Real GDP of 2015 using 2014 as base year:
170 (20 x 2) + (30 x 7) = 250
Inflation Rate between 2014 and 2015
28%
1. Suppose that nominal per capita GDP was $40,000 in 2000 and $60,000 in 2007. If the GDP deflator
was 100 in 2000 and 150 in 2007, indicate the 2007 per capita real GDP measured in 2000 dollars.
a) $32,000 b) $38,000 c) $40,000 d) $42,500
3. To examine how the production of goods has changed over time, it would be better to consider:
a) nominal GDP b) GDP at current prices
c) real GDP d) the GDP deflator
4. If real GDP rises while nominal GDP falls, the prices on average have:
a) fallen b) risen
c) stayed the same d) Real GDP cannot rise when nominal GDP falls
5. If nominal GDP exceeds real GDP for a specific year, then the GDP deflator must be:
a) less than zero b) less than 100 c) greater than 100 d) equal to 100
7. If the amount of transfers from government to household increases given the same level of GDP,
this would _______.
a) increase GNP b) increase PI
c) increase DPI d) No effects on any measures of income
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Econ 102 Discussion Section 4 (Chapter 8, 10.1 and 11) February 6, 2015
8. In 1990 real GDP per capita in the US was $40000. In 2004 real GDP per capita was $80000.
What was the average annual growth rate of real GDP per capita in the US during this time?
a) 100% b) 5% c) 10% d) 7.1%
9. If you put your $100 into a saving account which earns 5% interest, how long does it take for your
money to double? 14 years
10. If an economy is growing at 6% a year while the population is growing at 3% a year, what is true
about this economy?
a) The standard of living is rising b) The standard of living is falling
c) The standard of living is not changing d) Indeterminate
11. Suppose you have $100 to invest. Which bank would provide the most interest at the end of the
three years?
a) US Bank b) UW Credit Union c) They provide the same interest
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