Mann Whitney U Test

Question: These data contain the ratings of a product by 14 respondents, balanced over gender category.
Our research question is whether men and women judge our commercials similarly.
Gender Product (Refrigerator) Rating
Female 91
Male 89
Female 96
Female 89
Male 47
Male 55
Female 92
Female 86
Female 100
Male 81
Male 86
Male 75
Male 86
Female 87

Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis: There is no difference between the mean ratings of men and women.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is difference between the mean ratings of men and women.
Critical Value: 8; Reject null hypothesis if U ≤ 8. Alpha Value: α = 0.05

Test Statistics:
Ranks
Test Statistics b Mean Sum of
Gender N Rank Ranks
Rating
"Refrigerator Rating Female 7 10.50 73.50
" "Refrigerator" Male 7 4.50 31.50
Mann-Whitney U 3.500 Total 14
Wilcoxon W 31.500
Z -2.698
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .007
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed .004a
Sig.)]
Exact Sig. (2-tailed) .006 Result: Since U≤ 8 and all the P values is less than 0.05, we reject
the null hypothesis.
Exact Sig. (1-tailed) .003
Point Probability .002 Conclusion: Women rated the product “Refrigerator” more
a. Not corrected for ties. favorably than men. The mean ratings of men and women are not
equal.
b. Grouping Variable: Gender
 Kruskal-Wallis H Test
Question: Three teaching methods were tested on a group of 19 students with homogeneous backgrounds
in statistics and comparable aptitudes. Each student was randomly assigned to a method and at the end of
a 6-week program was given a standardized exam. The results are shown in the table below. Test for a
difference in distributions (medians) of the test scores for the different teaching methods using the
Kruskal-Wallis test.

Teaching Test Score Teaching Test Score Teaching Test Score

Method Method Method
Method A 89 Method B 77 Method C 84
Method A 82 Method B 80 Method C 63
Method A 85 Method B 74 Method C 67
Method A 69 Method B 79 Method C 71
Method A 82 Method B 55 Method C 64
Method A 92 Method B 75 Method C 60
Method B 67

Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis: The median test scores are equal
Alternative Hypothesis: Not all the median test scores are equal
Critical Value: 5.730; Reject if chi-square≥ 5.730.
Alpha Value: α = 0.05
Test Statistics:
Ranks
Teaching
Test Statisticsa,b Method N Mean Rank
Test Score Teaching Score Method A 6 15.00
Chi-Square 7.509 Method B 7 8.79
df 2
Method C 6 6.42
Asymp. Sig. .023
Total 19
Result: a. Kruskal Wallis Test As chi-
square value 7.509 is greater than the critical value 5.730 and p-value
b. Grouping Variable:
0.023 is less than the alpha value 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis.
Teaching Method
Conclusion:
We can conclude that, not all the median test scores are equal, there is a difference in the median test
scores (and, hence, the mean test scores) among the three teaching methods.

Linear Regression
Question: The table below shows the years of experience of 20 salesperson and their last years sale in
dollar. Is there any correlation between their years of experience and sales?
 Years of Experience Sales (Dollar) Years of Experience Sales (Dollar)
2.0 6590 8.0 16700
2.5 4230 1.0 2100
8.0 15400 8.0 15600
24.0 43600 5.0 9900
1.0 2700 4.8 4580
0.2 3500 2.0 4200
4.1 8300 4.9 10500
8.0 12030 5.0 9900
3.0 3550 2.3 4200
3.9 8100 4.0 8120
Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis: There is no correlation between years of experience and last year sales.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a correlation between years of experience and last year sales.
Critical Value: 0.444. (Degree of freedom=n-2=18).
Alpha Value: α = 0.05
Test Statistics:
ANOVAb
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 1.533E9 1 1.533E9 505.666 .000a
Residual 5.458E7 18 3032471.248
Total 1.588E9 19
a. Predictors: (Constant), Years of experience
b. Dependent Variable: Last year sales

Coefficientsa
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 699.178 558.105 1.253 .226
Years of experience 1768.107 78.628 .983 22.487 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Last year sales

Result: As P=.000 ≤ 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion: This table indicates that the regression model predicts the dependent variable significantly
well. We can conclude that there is a correlation between years of experience and last year sale.