College of Business and Economics

Department of Transport and Supply

Chain Management

Learning Guide
INTRODUCTION TO SHIPPING AND
MARITIME REGULATION
TRE8X11

PROF JH DU PLESSIS

2021

Copyright © University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Printed and published by the University of Johannesburg

© All rights reserved.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 98 of
1978, no part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or used in any form or be
published, redistributed or screened by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written permission of the University of Johannesburg.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Welcome ........................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 School/Department information......................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Lecturer information .......................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Purpose and use of this learning guide ............................................................................................. 5
1.5 Student conduct (academic honesty, rules of engagement, etc.) ..................................................... 5
Class attendance .......................................................................................................................................... 7
2. MODULE AND PROGRAMME INFORMATION ................................................................................... 7
2.1 The place of the programme in the academic disciplinary progression ............................................ 7
2.2 Module name, code, NQF level, NQF credits and prerequisites ...................................................... 8
2.3 Module purpose, outcomes, assessment criteria and sources and learning activities ..................... 9
LU1: Study Unit 1: ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Sea transport and the global economy ......................................................................................................... 9
LU2: Study Unit 2: ......................................................................................................................................... 9
The Shipping market cycle and the four shipping markets ........................................................................... 9
LU3: Study Unit 3: ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Financing ships and shipping companies and the global patterns of maritime trade ................................... 9
LU4: Study Unit 4: ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Regulatory framework of maritime economics; Introduction to charter parties and bills of lading .............. 10
LU5:Study Unit 5: ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Implied obligations in a contract of affreightment........................................................................................ 10
LU6:Study Unit 6: ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Bills of Lading and their functions; Application of the Hague/Visby rules ................................................... 10
LU7:Study Unit 7: ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Bills of Lading. The Hamburg Rules and the Rotterdam Rules .................................................................. 10
3. ADMINISTRATIVE AND ORGANISATIONAL INFORMATION .......................................................... 11
3.1 Prescribed course material ............................................................................................................. 11
3.2 Work schedule for the semester ..................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Tutor classes ................................................................................................................................... 12
3.4 Class attendance ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.5 BlackBoard access and use ............................................................................................................ 12
3.6 Consulting times .............................................................................................................................. 13
3.7 Assessment programme for the semester ...................................................................................... 13
3.8 Composition/calculation of semester and final mark....................................................................... 14
3.9 Access to the last summative assessment opportunity .................................................................. 14
3.10 Access to replacement/supplementary assessment opportunities (semester tests & exams) ....... 15

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3.11 Collection of assessment scripts and request/application for remarking ........................................ 15
3.12 Grievances and appeals ................................................................................................................. 15
4. STUDY COMPONENT (LEARNING UNITS) ...................................................................................... 15

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Welcome

College of Business and Economics

The University of Johannesburg's College of Business and Economics (CBE) was launched on 1 July 2018.
The College of Business and Economics is strategically positioned in Johannesburg to be at the centre of
regeneration in Africa through socio-economic transformation. The College continues to offer a range of
exciting programmes, enhancing the profile of management education in Africa, as well as globally,
contributing to the University of Johannesburg's vision of promoting Pan-Africanism. The College emerged
from the former Faculty of Management and the former Faculty of Economic and Financial Sciences, since
the University's ambition and ability to drive socio-economic transformation aligns well with global best-
practice in business and economics education. The new structure enables the combination of substantial
and well-established programmes serving both the private and public sector which will enhance the
synergies that exist amongst the various disciplines in the legacy Faculties.

Welcome to an interesting and exciting journey in the world of Introduction to Shipping and Maritime
Regulation.

On behalf of the Department of Transport and Supply Chain Management you are heartily welcomed to the
College of Business and Economics of the University of Johannesburg. We trust that the information
contained in this module will find meaningful application in your career.
Introduction to Shipping and Maritime Regulation is designed for multimodal teaching, learning and
assessment. This means that learning is facilitated by various support resources, e.g. face-to-face contact,
technology utilisation, and self-study.

Departmental vision and context

Since 1967, the Department of Transport and Supply Chain Management has continuously researched and
developed new programmes and in recent times implemented programmes that meet the Government’s
policy of upliftment and empowerment.

The Department offers programmes that allow students from diverse educational backgrounds to specialise
in transport economics and logistics management. These programmes range from the undergraduate
degrees and postgraduate study opportunities where entry requirements are based on traditional selection
criteria, to the certificate and diploma programmes where less formal prior educational qualifications are
required.

The programmes are tailored to give students a strong theoretical foundation enabling successful students
of all ages, groups and backgrounds to acquire highly regarded diplomas/certificates in transport and
logistics management.

Vision
To provide a comprehensive range of world-class education, training and research programmes for the
domestic and international transport and supply chain community.

Mission
We are committed to:
 Ensuring academic excellence
 Providing well-articulated, comprehensive, flexible and quality programmes
 Serving and partnering with our stakeholders in the domestic and international transport and supply
chain community
 Maintaining a high level of customer satisfaction
 Attracting, selecting, developing and retaining quality staff
 Excellence
 Customer satisfaction

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 Integrity
 Respect

1.2 School/Department information

 Name of School: Johannesburg Business School
 Exec Dean: Prof D van Lill
 Name of Department: Transport and Supply Chain Management
 Head of Department: Prof N Pisa
 Department Secretary: Ms R Ramsaroop
 Programme Manager: Dr P Kilbourn
 Programme Co-ordinator: Ms A Kasoojee
Tel: 011 559 2464
Email: adeelak@uj.ac.za

1.3 Lecturer information

 Lecturer: Prof JH du Plessis
UJ Department: Transport and Supply Chain Management
Office: D Ring 725 (after the first term – if circumstances permit)
Telephone Please direct all enquiries via the Coordinator (see above)
E-mail: logintsa@iafrica.com
Consultation: You are welcome to contact the lecturer to arrange an appointment to take place within
an hour before or shortly after scheduled lectures.

1.4 Purpose and use of this learning guide

 The purpose of this learning guide is to provide students with important administrative, organisational
and module information and as such, a frame of reference and road map to guide students in their
planning and preparation in this module through the semester. It is of critical importance that students
continually refer to the learning guide throughout the semester.
 The learning guide and textbook are not substitutes for lectures/tutorials. The learning guide, textbook,
other learning material, lectures, assessments and other activities comprise an inclusive and integrated
learning experience aimed at achieving the outcomes of this module. Attendance at lectures is crucial,
as lectures do not only allow for more guidance and direction regarding the scope of the module, but
also allows for meaningful engagement which is expected to facilitate an in-depth understanding of the
core issues covered in the module.

1.5 Student conduct (academic honesty, rules of engagement, etc.)

Plagiarism
The Department of Transport and Supply Chain Management at the University of Johannesburg places
great emphasis on integrity and ethical conduct in the preparation of assignments. It is very important to us
that all of our students know how secondary material should be used, as well as the scholarly method of
presenting and acknowledging references. Plagiarism is the unacknowledged use of the words or ideas of
others. It is tantamount to academic theft, and is therefore a very serious offence. To plagiarise means to
use the words or ideas of another to create the false impression that these words and ideas are your own.
In order to avoid committing plagiarism, you must, at all times, acknowledge the source from which you
have borrowed certain words or ideas. The use of any software programmes to avoid the detection of
plagiarism “spinning” constitutes academic fraud which is a punishable offense. If after reading this warning
about plagiarism you are still uncertain about how to avoid committing plagiarism, you should speak to your
lecturer about it before your assignment is submitted. Students who submit assignments in which
plagiarism can be demonstrated will be referred to the Dean of the College for disciplinary action.

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Students have the right to:
 A university experience and environment that is safe and secure, conducive to learning and free
from discrimination, assault, harassment, intimidation, threats, bullying, coercion, initiation or any
other inappropriate behaviour.
 Enjoy within the University the freedom of opinion, expression, belief, and political association to
the extent that these freedoms do not interfere with the rights of others or violate other University
policies and procedures.
 Belong to any lawful association of his or her choice and shall not be subject to any prejudicial
action by any member of the University community for so belonging.
 Assemble and participate in orderly and peaceful demonstrations within the University
regulations.
 Appropriate access to facilities, resources and materials that will support student engagement
and learning.
 Quality education.
 Student representation.
 Guidance, instruction and support from well-informed staff.
 Be recognised as an individual member of the University community, with all associated rights of
access to the University services and facilities.
 Be treated fairly and ethically, with respect and dignity.
 Study in an environment committed to the principles of equity and equality of opportunity and the
recognition of diversity.
 Have access to education, services and representation regardless of gender or gender history,
sexual orientation, race, political conviction, religious conviction, disability, age, language,
ethnicity and socio-economic status.
 Equal treatment by the University.
 Be free from sexual solicitation or advance made by a person in a position to offer or deny the
student an academic advantage or any opportunity pertaining to the status of the student, where
this person knows or ought reasonably to know that this solicitation is unwelcome.
 Safe and suitable conditions of learning and study.
 Evaluation of their performance in a programme that is fair and reasonable, and shall reflect the
content of the programme.

Students have the responsibility to:

 Contribute to a University Community that is supportive of its members’ academic pursuits in
learning and research.
 Have a professional and responsible attitude; attend classes regularly, arrive on time and study
diligently.
 Work hard on their academic work and ask advice and help if they experience difficulties with
their academic programme or any other problems that may affect that work.
 Fulfil their academic obligations timeously and diligently.
 Inform the University about any disabilities they have that require them to be provided with
additional support.
 Behave with dignity and respect towards staff, fellow students and visitors to UJ and display
responsible attitudes at all times.
 Take responsibility for their personal health.
 Take responsibility for seeking help if problems arise.
 Respect all other users of recreational and sports facilities.
 Act at all times in a way that respects the rights and privileges of others.
 Behave responsibly towards members of the off-campus community in which they reside and
respect their rights.
 Respect University property and the property of others.
 Complete administrative obligations on time and pay any fees, charges or fines as they fall due.
 Refrain from making any false allegations against any member of UJ.
 Approach their studies with enthusiasm and a willingness to learn.
 Act with honesty and integrity in fulfilment of their academic obligations, and generally.

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  Respect the diversity of the University.
 Act in an environmentally responsible manner and contribute to a clean and litter-free
environment.
 Take advantage of the extra-curricular opportunities and support services the University
provides.
 Consume alcohol responsibly.

Class attendance
 Class attendance will be monitored for every lecture.
 Attendance and class participation will be taken into account should a decision have to be taken
on whether you should be promoted or not in marginal cases.

2. MODULE AND PROGRAMME INFORMATION

2.1 The place of the programme in the academic disciplinary progression

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2.2 Module name, code, NQF level, NQF credits and prerequisites

Module information
Introduction to Shipping and Maritime
MODULE NAME
Regulation
TRE8X11
MODULE CODE
None
Pre-requisites for module

Module NQF level 8

NQF Credits
12
(Calculated according to notional hours)

Duration of module (Weeks/Semester) 1 Semester

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2.3 Module purpose, outcomes, assessment criteria and sources and learning activities

Purpose of the module

This module will introduce students to basic concepts and aspects of the maritime industry. The students will be enabled to analyse aspects of national and international
maritime economics. Students will be required to reflect on competencies by utilising acquired knowledge of the shipping and maritime industry.

MODULE LEARNING UNITS LEARNING UNIT OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

OUTCOMES
By the end of the By the end of this learning experience, the student
module, the be able to …
student should be
able to …
MO1: identify LU1: Study Unit 1:  Discuss the origins of sea trade. AC1: Detail the development of maritime trade along the
various Sea transport and the  Review the development of liner and Westline. (Westline Theory)
global economy tramp shipping. AC2: Describe the demise of tramp shipping and the rise of
organisations in the
 Analyse the growth of containers, bulk liner shipping during the period 1833-1950.
shipping market and AC3: Discuss container, bulk and air transport developments
and air transport in the global market.
in the regulation of during the period 1950-2016.
the maritime sector,
MO2: discuss the
role and importance
LU2: Study Unit 2:  Discuss the characteristics of the AC1: Explain the bulk shipping market cycles from 1945-2008.
The Shipping market cycle shipping market cycles. AC2: Discuss the concept of shipping risk.
of maritime and the four shipping  Evaluate shipping cycles and their AC3: Describe how the four shipping markets are integrated
transport in the markets effect on shipping risk. and linked by cash flow.
national economy  Analyse the various shipping cycles AC4: Explain how the freight derivative marker functions when
and apply during the different stages of shipping the compensation is dependent on the outcome of a future
evolution. event.
regulatory concepts
 Describe how the four shipping markets
and principles to the
integrate in the global shipping market.
industry,  Explain how the freight derivative
MO3: demonstrate market operates.
theoretical
knowledge of the LU3: Study Unit 3:  Analyse the various financing options AC1: Compare the four different financial structures that can
shipping market and Financing ships and available to finance ships and shipping be adopted for raising ships finance.
maritime regulation, shipping companies and companies. AC2: Explain where the funds to finance ships are obtained
the global patterns of  Discuss the options available to finance and what businessmen have to do to obtain finance.
MO4: plan and maritime trade AC3: Discuss the geographical distribution of seaborne trade.
a new vessel versus a second-hand
undertake research vessel.
in maritime matters,  Describe the maritime trading network.

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 including gathering, LU4: Study Unit 4:
analysing and Regulatory framework of
interpreting related
maritime economics;
Introduction to charter
information using parties and bills of lading
the appropriate
management
technology and
reflect upon the
research LU5:Study Unit 5:
undertaken. Implied obligations in a
contract of affreightment
LU6:Study Unit 6:
Bills of Lading and their
functions; Application of
the Hague/Visby rules
LU7:Study Unit 7:
Bills of Lading. The
Hamburg Rules and the
Rotterdam Rules
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 Analyse the current regulatory system.
 Interpret the Law of the Sea.
 Discuss the regulatory role of the Flag
state.
 Describe how maritime law is made.
 Explain the role of the different types of
charter parties and the contract of
affreightment.
 Elaborate on the implied obligations in
the contract of affreightment which are
automatically incorporated into the
contract in the absence of agreement to
the contrary.
 Fully comprehend the legal obligations
that are associated with the document
of title and what the obligation of the
carrier is in a contract of affreightment
under the Hague-Visby Rules.
 Analyse the implications of the
application of the Hamburg Rules in an
international shipment and further
examine the future implications of the
Rotterdam Rules once they have been
ratified into law.
AC1: Discuss the three regulatory regimes that operate in the
shipping industry.
AC2: Explain how flag states make laws that govern the
commercial and civil activities of merchant ships.
AC3: Analyse the various forms that the contract of
affreightment can take.
AC1: Discuss the six implied obligations in the contract of
affreightment.
AC1: Discuss how the holder of a Bill of Lading may sue
persons other than the contracted carrier for loss or damage
of goods caused by their acts or omissions.
AC2: Describe the functions of a Bill of Lading.
AC3:Discuss the basic provisions of the Hague-Visby Rules.
AC1: Discuss the carrier’s liability under the Hamburg Rules.
AC2: Describe the scope and future application of the
Rotterdam Rules.
3. ADMINISTRATIVE AND ORGANISATIONAL INFORMATION

3.1 Prescribed course material

“Carriage of Goods by Sea” 7th Edition
ISBN: 9781408218938
Wilson
Pearson Education Limited

“Maritime Economics” 3rd Edition 2009

Print ISBN: 9780415275583
Stopford
Routledge

3.2 Work schedule for the semester

Study Unit Description
Study Unit 1 The economic organisation of the shipping market
Study Unit 2 Shipping market cycle and the four shipping markets
Financing ships and shipping companies and the global patterns of maritime
Study Unit 3
trade
Regulatory framework of maritime economics
Study Unit 4
Introduction to charter parties and bills of lading

Study Unit 5 Implied obligations in a contract of affreightment

Bills of Lading and their functions

Study Unit 6
Application of the Hague/Visby Rules
Study Unit 7 Bills of Lading. The Hamburg – and Rotterdam Rules.

LU DATE LO/UNIT TOPIC REFERENCE

18 February The economic organisation of the Prescribed Course Material:
(online) shipping market  Chapter 1 Maritime Economics –
1 M Stopford
Recommended Material:
Elements of Shipping – Branch, AE
4 March (online) Shipping market cycle and the four Prescribed Course Material:
shipping markets  Chapter 3 and 5 Maritime Economics

2 Recommended Material:
 “Seatrade”. A monthly UK magazine
“Containerisation International”. Monthly
magazine
18 March Financing ships and shipping Prescribed Course Material:
(online) companies and the global patterns of  Chapters 7 and 9 Maritime Economics
3 maritime trade Recommended Material:
Dong-Wook-Song and Photis M Panayides.
Maritime Logistics.

1 April 2021 – MINI ASSIGNMENT

1 April (online) Regulatory framework of maritime Prescribed Course Material:
economics
 Chapter 16 Maritime Economics
4
 Chapter 1 Carriage of Goods by Sea
Introduction to charter parties and
Recommended Material:
bills of lading
 Elements of Shipping

14 APRIL 2021 – SEMESTER ASSESSMENT (Online)

22 April Prescribed Course Material:
Implied obligations in a contract of  Chapter 2 Carriage of Goods by Sea
5
affreightment Recommended Material:
Elements of Shipping – Branch, AE
6 May Prescribed Course Material:
Bills of Lading and their functions  Chapter 5 & 6 Carriage of Goods by Sea
6
Application of the Hague/Visby Rules Recommended Material:
Carriage of Goods by Sea. Act 1971
14 MAY 2021 – SICK/SUPPLEMENTARY ASSESSMENT (online)
20 May Bills of Lading. The Hamburg – and Prescribed Course Material:
Rotterdam Rules.  Chapter 7 & 8 Carriage of Goods by Sea
7
Recommended Material:
United Nations convention on the carriage of
goods by sea. 1978
7 MAY 2021– INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
BLOCK WEEK
EXAMINATION

Please refer to the BCOM HONOURS STUDENT MANUAL 2021 on Blackboard for information
regarding assignment guidelines, plagiarism etc.

3.3 Tutor classes

Not applicable
3.4 Class attendance
Students will be informed should the department elect that they attend contact lectures for the
second and remaining terms for 2021 but it must be noted that this may change to online sessions,
based on Covid-19 regulations.

Lecture times
DAY TIME VENUE

THURSDAY 17:10 – 19:00 D Les 104

You are strongly advised to:

 Prepare for and attend all lectures
 Complete all the listed assignments and assessments
 Participate in class and Blackboard discussions

Class
 Class attendance will be monitored for every lecture.
 Attendance and class participation will be taken into account should a decision have to be taken on
whether you should be promoted or not in marginal cases.

3.5 BlackBoard access and use

All registered students have access to Blackboard.
Resources will be uploaded for students to work through.
Some documentation will be made available on Blackboard. Unless otherwise indicated – assignments
must also be submitted via Blackboard.
NB – whilst other resources are available, it must be stressed that students should not rely solely on
uploaded material and regular class attendance is requisite to a proper understanding of this module.

3.6 Consulting times

Lecturer consulting hours
Consulting hours are scheduled as follows:
 By appointment with the lecturer. Arranged prior to classes.
 NB For general administrative issues please contact Ms. A Kasoojee on (011) 559 2464 or
adeelak@uj.ac.za
 Refer to Blackboard for additional information.

3.7 Assessment programme for the semester

 This module follows a traditional assessment programme

Assessment opportunity Date Mark Assessment method

weighting
Semester test 14 April 60% Test
Supplementary Assessment 14 May
Individual Assignment 7 May 30% Assignment
Mini Assignment 1 April 10% Assignments

Examination TBC 50% Examination

Semester tests
One official assessment and a supplementary assessment have been scheduled on the following dates:

Test: Date: Time: Venue:

SEMESTER ASSESSMENT 14 APRIL 10:10-13:10 online

SUPPLEMENTARY
14 MAY 10:10-13:10 Online
ASSESSMENT

 You are compelled to write the official test on the above dates.
 There is no supplementary on a supplementary.

Assessment will be implemented in the following way:

 Written assignments
 One mini assignment
 One semester test
 A three-hour written examination

Assignment
• Please see assignment guidelines – page 52 in the Bcom Honours Student Manual 2021 on Blackboard
• Please note that all assignments must be submitted via Turnitin and the assignment will be marked
via Turnitin. No hard copies unless otherwise indicated by your lecturer
• A maximum 20% similarity score from your Turnitin originality report will be deemed acceptable at
honours level.
• It should be noted that the maximum similarity score does not allow a student 20% worth of
plagiarism. As a student, any form of plagiarism is unacceptable and will be dealt with accordingly.
Please see page 37/38 in the BCom Honours student manual 2021 on Blackboard. As a student, your
best means of avoiding plagiarism is good academic writing practice and the correct use of Harvard
Referencing Technique.
• Please note that the generation of Turnitin evaluations may take some time and students should
consider this when planning the assignment. It is recommended that Turnitin online submission should
be effected at least 72 hours prior to the actual due date so that changes may be effected in time, if
required.
• The student must also keep an electronic copy of his/her assignment should it be required.
• Students must strictly adhere to assignment guidelines and to the assignment topic posted on
Blackboard and discussed in class.
• All assignment topics and submission dates will be posted on Blackboard. Dates are subject to change.
You will be informed of this via Blackboard.
• No late assignments will be accepted without a medical certificate and application form (see page 47
of the BCom Honours Student Manual 2021 on Blackboard).
• Feedback/marking grid/rubrics. page 60 of the BCom Honours Student Manual 2021 on Blackboard.

3.8 Composition/calculation of semester and final mark

Assessment Count
Semester Test 60%
Individual Assignment 30%
Mini Assignment 10%
Total 100%

 Class attendance will be monitored from time to time.

 Attendance and class participation will be taken into account should a decision have to be taken
on
whether you should be promoted or not in marginal cases.

Assessment Count
Semester Mark 50%
Examination Mark 50%
Final Mark 100%

3.9 Access to the last summative assessment opportunity

 A minimum semester mark of 40% is required for a student to gain access to the examination.
 The mark which you attain in the examination (possible 100 marks) is added to the semester mark and
you pass if you attain an average of 50% or more, subject to achieving a sub-minimum of 40% in the
examination.
 Exam date: CHECK FINAL TIMETABLE ON BLACKBOARD
 Students are compelled to write the scheduled official exam on the above date and time.
 Should you not be able to write an exam as a result of illness, you must inform the College of Business
and Economics within three days from the exam date and submit a prescribed application form,
together with the necessary proof (i.e. medical certificate, affidavit, etc.) within seven days in order to
be considered for a supplementary exam. (on-line)
 To pass the examination, a final mark of at least 50% is required. To pass with a distinction, a final
mark of at least 75% is required.
3.10 Access to replacement/supplementary assessment opportunities (semester tests &
exams)

Supplementary tests
The supplementary test application is in the STUDENT MANUAL.
 You are compelled to write the two official tests.
 Should you not be able to write a test as a result of illness, you must inform the lecturer within three
days from the test date and submit a prescribed application form together with the necessary proof (i.e.
medical certificate, affidavit, etc.) within seven days in order to be considered for a supplementary test.
Please submit the sick note at the Reception located in D Ring 7. Please complete the form in full.
 Students will only be assessed, however, on that part of the work that they have not been assessed on
due to illness.
 Take note: Only one supplementary test opportunity exists and no additional tests will be scheduled.
 The taking of a number of tests on the same day may not be offered as an excuse. Therefore, you must
plan your preparation in such a way as to make provision for a full study programme and test period.
Regular preparation is therefore essential for you to master all your work.

Accreditation/moderation
One internal examiner and one moderator with required qualifications and job related or learning area
experience will be appointed for this module by the Department of Transport and Supply Chain
Management. Once the internal examiner has assessed your examination, the moderator will undertake a
similar exercise to finalise your results.

3.11 Collection of assessment scripts and request/application for remarking

Please refer to “2021 BCom Honours Transport Economics and Logistics Management Student Manual”
(accessible on Blackboard)

3.12 Grievances and appeals

Appeals for Summative Assessment Opportunities (SAO) (semester tests)

All enquiries regarding assessment opportunities during the module must be dealt within a maximum of 5
working days from releasing the marks of the assessment.
Appeals for assessments during the module must be handled in the following order:
 Firstly – the departmental coordinator (Ms A Kasoojee)
 Secondly – the assessor (lecturer) (Prof JH du Plessis)
 Thirdly – the departmental head (Prof N Pisa)
 Fourthly – the dean of the college (Prof D van Lill)

Appeals for Final Summative Assessment Opportunity (FSAO) (exams) must be handled in the
following way:
 The student must consult the lecturer or administrative coordinator for the department within 3 days
after the release of the marks or within the first 3 days of the start of the next module.
 If the appeal cannot be resolved, the student must formally apply at the College of Business and
Economics and pay a fee whereby the departmental head or divisional head will be informed to appoint
a moderator to re-assess the written assessment.

4. STUDY COMPONENT (LEARNING UNITS)

4.1 Learning unit 1 Sea transport and the global economy

Prescribed Course Material:

 Chapter 1 Maritime Economics – M Stopford
 Recommended Material:
Elements of Shipping – Branch, AE

Learning outcomes:
 Discuss the origins of sea trade.
 Review the development of liner and tramp shipping.
 Analyse the growth of containers, bulk and air transport in the global market

Assessment Criteria:
AC1: Detail the development of maritime trade along the Westline. (Westline Theory)
AC2: Describe the demise of tramp shipping and the rise of liner shipping during the period 1833-1950.
AC3: Discuss container, bulk and air transport developments during the period 1950-2016.

4.2 Learning unit 2 The Shipping market cycle and the four shipping markets

Prescribed Course Material:

 Chapter 3 and 5 Maritime Economics

Recommended Material:
 “Seatrade”. A monthly UK magazine
“Containerisation International”. Monthly magazine

Learning outcomes:
 Discuss the characteristics of the shipping market cycles.
 Evaluate shipping cycles and their effect on shipping risk.
 Analyse the various shipping cycles during the different stages of shipping evolution.
 Describe how the four shipping markets integrate in the global shipping market.
 Explain how the freight derivative market operates.

Assessment Criteria:
AC1: Explain the bulk shipping market cycles from 1945-2008.
AC2: Discuss the concept of shipping risk.
AC3: Describe how the four shipping markets are integrated and linked by cash flow.
AC4: Explain how the freight derivative marker functions when the compensation is dependent on the
outcome of a future event.

4.3 Learning unit 3 Financing ships and shipping companies and the global patterns of maritime trade

Prescribed Course Material:

 Chapters 7 and 9 Maritime Economics

Recommended Material:
Dong-Wook-Song and Photis M Panayides. Maritime Logistics.

Learning outcomes:
 Analyse the various financing options available to finance ships and shipping companies.
 Discuss the options available to finance a new vessel versus a second-hand vessel.
 Describe the maritime trading network.

Assessment Criteria:
AC1: Compare the four different financial structures that can be adopted for raising ships finance.
AC2: Explain where the funds to finance ships are obtained and what businessmen have to do to obtain
finance.
AC3: Discuss the geographical distribution of seaborne trade

4.4 Learning unit 4 Regulatory framework of maritime economics; Introduction to charter parties and bills of
lading

Prescribed Course Material:

 Chapter 16 Maritime Economics
 Chapter 1 Carriage of Goods by Sea

Recommended Material:
Elements of Shipping – Branch, AE

Learning outcomes:
 Analyse the current regulatory system.
 Interpret the Law of the Sea.
 Discuss the regulatory role of the Flag state.
 Describe how maritime law is made.
 Explain the role of the different types of charter parties and the contract of affreightment.

Assessment Criteria:
AC1: Discuss the three regulatory regimes that operate in the shipping industry.
AC2: Explain how flag states make laws that govern the commercial and civil activities of merchant ships.
AC3: Analyse the various forms that the contract of affreightment can take.

4.5 Learning unit 5 Implied obligations in a contract of affreightment

Prescribed Course Material:

 Chapter 2 Carriage of Goods by Sea

Recommended Material:
Elements of Shipping – Branch, AE

Learning outcomes:
 Elaborate on the implied obligations in the contract of affreightment which are automatically incorporated into
the contract in the absence of agreement to the contrary.

Assessment Criteria:
AC1: Discuss the six implied obligations in the contract of affreightment .

4.6 Learning unit 6 Bills of Lading and their functions; Application of the Hague/Visby rules

Prescribed Course Material:

 Chapter 5 & 6 Carriage of Goods by Sea

Recommended Material:
Carriage of Goods by Sea. Act 1971

Learning outcomes:
 Fully comprehend the legal obligations that are associated with the document of title and what the
obligation of the carrier is in a contract of affreightment under the Hague-Visby Rules
Assessment Criteria:
AC1: Discuss how the holder of a Bill of Lading may sue persons other than the contracted carrier for loss
or damage of goods caused by their acts or omissions.
AC2: Describe the functions of a Bill of Lading.
AC3:Discuss the basic provisions of the Hague-Visby Rules.

4.7 Learning unit 7 Bills of Lading. The Hamburg Rules and the Rotterdam Rules

Prescribed Course Material:

 Chapter 7 & 8 Carriage of Goods by Sea

Recommended Material:
United Nations convention on the carriage of goods by sea. 1978

Learning outcomes:
 Analyse the implications of the application of the Hamburg Rules in an international shipment and
further examine the future implications of the Rotterdam Rules once they have been ratified into law.

Assessment Criteria:
AC1: Discuss the carrier’s liability under the Hamburg Rules.
AC2: Describe the scope and future application of the Rotterdam Rules.

Please note: Self-assessment questions

“These questions are provided to students to aid them in their preparation for the test and examination
assessments. However, please note that the examiner may include questions that differ to these (but are
still aligned to the module outcomes) in tests and examination assessments. “

Please refer to the BCOM HONOURS STUDENT MANUAL 2021 on Blackboard for Information
regarding assignment guidelines, plagiarism etc.