weden

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This article is about the country. For other uses, see Sweden (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 63°N 16°E

Kingdom of Sweden

Konungariket Sverige  (Swedish)

Flag

Coat of arms

Motto: (royal) "För Sverige – i tiden"[a]

"For Sweden – With the Times"[1]

Anthem: Du gamla, Du fria[b]

(English: "Thou ancient, thou free")

Royal anthem: Kungssången
Song of the King
 Show globe Show map of Europe Show all
Location of Sweden (dark green)
– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]

Capital Stockholm
and largest city 59°21′N 18°4′E

Official languages Swedish[c]

National minority Finnish

languages Meänkieli
Sami
Romani
Yiddish

Ethnic groups  74.5% Swedish backgroun
(2019) d
25.5% foreign
background[2]

Religion  66.8% Christianity
(2017) —60.3% Church of Sweden[a]
—6.5% Other Christian
27.0% No religion
5.0% Islam
1.2% Others[8][9]

Demonym(s) Swedish
Swede

Government Unitary parliamentary
constitutional monarchy

• Monarch Carl XVI Gustaf

• Riksdag Speaker Andreas Norlén
• Prime Minister Stefan Löfven
 Legislature Riksdag

History
• A unified Swedish kingdom By the early 12th century
established
• Part of Kalmar Union 1397–1523
• Part of Swedish-Norwegian 4 November 1814 – August 1905[10]
Union
• Joined the European Union 1 January 1995

Area
• Total 450,295 km2 (173,860 sq mi) (55th)
• Water (%) 8.37 (as of 2015)[11]

Population
• February 2021 estimate  10,385,347[12] (89th)

• Density 25/km2 (64.7/sq mi) (198th)

GDP (PPP) 2020 estimate
• Total  $563.882 billion[13] (39th)

• Per capita  $52,477[13] (16th)

GDP (nominal) 2020 estimate
• Total  $528.929 billion[13] (23rd)

• Per capita  $50,339[13] (12th)

Gini (2019)  27.6[14]
low

HDI (2019)  0.945[15]
very high · 7th

Currency Swedish krona (SEK)

Time zone UTC+1 (CET)

• Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)

Date format YYYY-MM-DD

Driving side right[e]

Calling code +46

ISO 3166 code SE

Internet TLD .se[f]

a. ^ "För Sverige – I tiden" has been adopted by Carl XVI

Gustaf as his personal motto.
 b. ^ Du gamla, Du fria has never been officially adopted as
national anthem, but is so by convention.

c. ^ Since 1 July 2009.[16][17] Five other languages

are officially recognised as minority languages:
[18]
 Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami, and Yiddish. The Swedish
Sign Language also has a special status.

d. ^ Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as

persons who are foreign born, or born in Sweden with foreign
born parents.[19] As the Swedish government does not base any
statistics on ethnicity, there are no exact numbers on
the ethnic background of migrants and their descendants in
Sweden. This is not, however, to be confused with
migrants' national backgrounds, which are recorded.

e. ^ Since 3 September 1967.

f. ^ The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with

other European Union member states.

Sweden (/ˈswiː.dən/; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsvæ̌rjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of

Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige [ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ] ( listen)), is
a Nordic country in Northern Europe.[20] It borders Norway to the west and
north, Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a
bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait. At 450,295 square kilometres
(173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the third-largest
country in the European Union, and the fifth largest country in Europe. The capital
city is Stockholm. Sweden has a total population of 10.4 million;[12] and a low
population density of 25 inhabitants per square kilometre (65/sq mi). 87% of Swedes
live in urban areas, which cover 1.5% of the entire land area. The highest
concentration is in the central and southern half of the country.
Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia. The climate is in general
mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence. In spite of the high
latitude, Sweden often has warm continental summers, being located in between
the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, and vast Russia. The general climate and
environment vary significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal
difference, and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters. Southern
Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested and includes
a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains.
Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into
history as the Geats (Swedish Götar) and Swedes (Svear) and constituting the sea
peoples known as the Norsemen. An independent Swedish state emerged during the
early 12th century. After the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century killed
about a third of the Scandinavian population,[21][22] the Hanseatic League threatened
Scandinavia's culture, finances and languages. This led to the forming of the
Scandinavian Kalmar Union in 1397,[23] which Sweden left in 1523. When Sweden
became involved in the Thirty Years War on the Reformist side, an expansion of its
territories began and eventually the Swedish Empire was fo