MSK Final Project

A
Project report on
A REVIEW ON FORMULATION AND EVALUATION

OF ANTISEPTIC FILM FORMING LIQUID FOR SKIN
INJURY
Submitted in partial fulfillment for course of
Bachelor of Pharmacy
In faculty of Science & Technology,

Gondwana University,
Gadchiroli.
Submitted by
Mr. MAYUR SURESH KHOPE
(B. Pharm IV Year)
Guided by
Prof. Snehal v. Pimpalshende
Assistant Professor
HI-TECH COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, CHANDRAPUR
CHANDRAPUR (MS.)
2O19-2020
HI-TECH COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
PADOLI PHATA, NAGPUR HIGHWAY, MORWA, CHANDRAPUR.
2019-2020
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project work presented in this thesis entitled “A review on
formulation and evaluation of antiseptic film forming liquid for skin

injury” is bonafide work of Mr.Mayur S. Khope student of B. Pharm. (VIII Sem) session
2019-2020, at Hi-Tech College of Pharmacy, Chandrapur, under the supervision of Prof.
Snehal v. Pimpalshende
A Project work submitted in partial fulfillment for course of Bachelor of

Pharmacy (B. Pharm) in the faculty of Science & Technology, Gondwana University,
Gadchiroli.
This Project work is now ready for examination and evaluation.
Place: Chandrapur Dr. Satish B. Kosalge

Date: Principal
Hi-TECH COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
2019-2020
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project work presented in this thesis entitled “A review on
formulation and evaluation of antiseptic film forming liquid for skin

injury” is the own project work of Mr.Mayur S. Khope conducted at Hi-Tech College of
Pharmacy, Chandrapur, under my supervision.
The Project work submitted in partial fulfillment for course of Bachelor of Pharmacy
in the faculty of Science & Technology, Gondwana University, Gadchiroli.
This Project work is now ready for examination and evaluation.
Place: Chandrapur Signature of the Guide
Date: Prof. Snehal v. Pimpalshende

Hi-TECH COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
2019-2020
DECLARATION
I am Mr. Mayur S. Khope hereby declare that the Project work presented in this
thesis entitled “A review on formulation and evaluation of antiseptic film
forming liquid for skin injury ” was carried out by me under the supervision of Prof.
Snehal v.Pimpalshende at Hi-Tech College of Pharmacy, Chandrapur.
A Project work submitted in partial fulfillment for course of Bachelor of Pharmacy in

the faculty of Science & Technology, Gondwana University, Gadchiroli.
Place: Chandrapur Mr. Mayur S. Khope
Date: (B. Pharm. VIII Sem)
2019-2020
Acknowledgement
It is a moment of great pleasure and immense satisfaction for me to express my respect and
reverence to Hi-Tech College of Pharmacy, Chandrapur for giving me the opportunity to
obtain the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy.
I convey my deep gratitude and respect to my esteemed Guide, Prof. Snehal

v.Pimpalshende, Assistant Professor, Hi-Tech College of Pharmacy, Chandrapur, who
has been a continuous source of inspiration throughout the course of my work. Her deep
involvement and logical thinking has made high difference towards my work.
My special thanks go to Dr. Satish B. Kosalge, Principal, Hi-Tech College of Pharmacy,

Chandrapur, for providing me facilities for my project work to be conducted smoothly.
Without his valuable support this work was untouchable for me.
I gratefully acknowledge the support of all teaching, non teaching and library staff of Hi-
Tech College of Pharmacy, Chandrapur for their valuable suggestions, support and advice
which I got time to time during my project work.
Words are not enough to express my deepest sense of thankfulness to Friends, for their
constant help and support. Friendship is all about trusts love & help each other and being
crazy together.
My family is the constant source of inspiration for me whose blessings are always with me
and which always helped me to move smoothly onto the road of success. My real sources of
inspiration are my Parents who come before God for me.
At last I want to extend my thanks to all those who directly or indirectly helped me for
completion of this project. I extend my deepest sense of gratitude to God for blessing.
….. Mayur S. Khope

A REVIEW ON FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTISEPTIC FILM FORMING
LIQUID FOR SKIN INJURY
INDEX
SRNO. CONTENTS Page no
1 Appendix 1
2 Introduction 3-9
3 Literature survey 10
4 History of wound dressing 11
5 Classification of dressing 12-13
6 currently available wound dressing 14

materials in the markets
7 Marketed Antiseptic film forming liquids 15
8 Methods 16-17
9 Evaluation Parameters of Povidone-iodine 18

powder
10 Evaluation Parameters of film forming 18
polymeric solution
11 Evaluation parameters of film 19-20
12 Conclusion 21
13 References 22-25
HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 1

A REVIEW ON FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTISEPTIC FILM FORMING LIQUID FOR SKIN INJURY
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES
NO.OF TABLE NAME OF TABLE

TABLE 1 List of currently available polymeric wound dressing
materials in the world markets.
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. NAMES OF FIGURE

Figure no.01 film forming liquids for skin injury .
Figure no.02 antiseptic transparent film for skin injury .

Figure no.03 different phases of wound infection .
Figure no.04 marketed antiseptic film forming liquids for skin injury.
Figure no.05 role of hydrogel membrane materials for enhancing and accelerating the
wound healing phases.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTISEPTIC FILM

FORMING LIQUID FOR SKIN INJURY
INTRODUCTION
Figure no.01 :- film forming liquids for skin injury .
Antiseptics are defined as agents used to inhibit or kill

microorganisms present within a wound or on intact skin and have long been
used on wounds to prevent or treat infections. The approach chosen for the new
dosage form is an in-situ film forming polymeric formulations. On the skin
surface the solution solidifies into a film which is able to deliver the active
moiety to the skin. In-situ Film forming preparations or formulations are defined
as non-solid dosage forms that produce a substantial film in situ after application
on the skin or any other body surface. Such compositions can either be liquids or
semisolids with a film forming polymer as basic material for the matrix. Film
forming preparations have been known predominantly from the field of surgery
or wound care. Film forming solutions or gels has been used for example as
tissue glues for the sealing of operative wounds. [2]
A wide variety of other ingredients such as fragrances, glycerol,

petroleum jelly, dyes, preservatives, proteins and stabilizing agents are
commonly added to polymeric formulations and can be used for the delivery of
medication such as Antibiotics, Antiseptics, Antifungal, Anti-acne agents,
Corticosteroids, Moisturizing or Protective agents (such as calamine) related to
skin disorders and/or injury Many Conventional formulations intended for topical
and dermatological administration of drugs such as creams, foams,

gels and lotions are considered to reside for a relatively short period of time at
the targeted site. The localized treatment of body tissues, diseases and wounds
requires that the particular pharmaceutical component be maintained at the site of
treatment for an effective period of time.
Topical film forming formulations are intended for skin application or to
certain mucosal surfaces for local action or percutaneous penetration of
medicament or for their emollient or protective actions. These compositions
adhere to the body tissue, forming a thin transparent film and provide a localized
delivery of the pharmaceuticals to the body tissue.[2]
Figure no.02:- antiseptic transparent film for skin injury .

Topical application has many advantages over the conventional dosage forms.
They are deemed more effective less toxic than conventional formulations due to
bilayer composition and structure. In the formulation of topical dosage forms
efforts are being made to utilize drug carriers that ensure adequate localization or
penetration of the drug within or through the skin in order to enhance the local
action and minimize the systemic effects or to ensure adequate percutaneous
absorption. The efficacy profile of an ideal antimicrobial agent for wound care
should include a broad antimicrobial effect (antibacterial [Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria], antimycotic, and antiviral), good local penetration,
stability in the presence of body fluids and wound exudates, and a low potential
for acquired resistance. From a safety viewpoint, an ideal antiseptic should also
have good local and systemic tolerability and low systemic absorption, be non
sensitizing/hypoallergenic, and cause no delay in the wound healing process.
Iodine has been used as an antiseptic in the treatment of wounds for more than a
century , yet questions are raised about the place of iodine-based agents in the
man-agementof,wounds.[2]

With povidone iodine (PVP-I), there have been concerns about

allergy, ineffective penetration, and toxic effects on host cells , but how justified
are these concerns? There are reports which indicate that these concerns may be
based on inappropriately performed in vitro cellular or in vivo animal studies
with sometimes limited applicability to the clinical reality . The objective of this
paper is to discuss the efficacy and safety of PVP-I and to outline its place in
wound care management based on an appraisal of the literature as well as clinical
practice, particularly in an Asian context.[2]
The aim of the drug administration via the skin can be either the local
therapy of dermatological diseases or the transdermal delivery of drugs to the
underlying tissues or the systemic circulation. Due to the considerable
advantages of the transdermal application route for some drugs different dosage
forms have been developed for the drug delivery through the skin: polymeric
patches and semisolids. Although the number of transdermally applied drugs is
limited the existing dosage forms are quite successfully marketed for various
indications. However, each of the dosage forms is associated with certain
drawbacks that can negatively influence the patient compliance or limit the usage
of the dosage form. Hence the search for alternatives to the conventional
transdermal dosage forms is reasonable to further improve the transdermal drug
application for the patient.[6]
Film forming solutions or gels has been used for example as tissue
glues for the sealing of operative wounds. A wide variety of other ingredients
such as fragrances, glycerol, petroleum jelly, dyes, preservatives, proteins and
stabilizing agents are commonly added to polymeric formulations and can be
used for the delivery of medication such as Antibiotics, Antiseptics, Antifungal,
Anti-acne agents, Corticosteroids, Moisturizing or Protective agents (such as
calamine) related to skin disorders and/or injury.[7]

The polymeric solution is applied to the skin as a liquid and forms an almost
invisible film in situ by solvent evaporation. Presently, film forming polymeric
solutions are well known from the field of surgery, wound care or skin
protection. In surgery, film forming preparations are for example used as tissue
glue for the thread-free closing of incisions or as disinfectants for the
preoperative skin preparation . Film forming polymeric solutions are also utilized
with or without antimicrobials active substances for the non-surgical care of
minor cuts and abrasions or in ostomy care for the protection of the skin
surrounding the ostomy wound against the aggressive bodily fluids. In contrast to
this, only very few authors have described the use of film forming systems for
the delivery of drugs to the skin. Misra et al. reported on a liquid film forming
solution for the biphasic delivery of testosterone but investigated only one
formulation containing a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol
in isopropanol as film forming matrix without performing a polymer screening.
Also, Misra did not investigate the mechanical or cosmetical properties of the
formed film but focused mainly on the drug permeation from this system in vitro
as well as in film forming systemsdescribed in the literature are not applied as
liquids but as transdermal gels or cream.[10]
Similar to the works of Misra these groups investigated only one
individual formulation without testing a broader range of film formers and
focused also mainly on the drug delivery from the film forming system or the
clinical efficacy of the formulation . Due to the fact that film forming solutions
can provide many advantages over patches (higher dosing flexibility, higher
patient compliance due to improved cosmetical appearance) or semisolid
preparations (rub off resistance) the aim of this study was to test a wider range of
materials, to select suitable excipients and to characterize the properties of the
resulting formulations to provide a broader technological basis for the
development of this novel dosage for A first step formulation experiments were
performed with 14 polymers from different chemical classes. Basically the
compositions contained a film forming polymer dissolved in a volatile solvent.
Further excipients such as plasticizers or crosslinkers were added if necessary.
Mainly polymer content, type of plasticizer and plasticizer content were varied to

find the best composition for the desired purpose. Due to the fact that no suitable
evaluation method for these new application systems was available from the
literature a simple score system had to be developed in order to identify suitable
formulations for the intended application. The testing of the formulations was
performed in vivo as pre-experiments had shown that the special properties of the
skin (surface structure and movement) were very important for the differentiation
between the formulation variants. The evaluation system was based on five
criteria: viscosity, drying time, outward stickiness, cosmetical attractiveness and
integrity after a certain wearing time (18 h). These properties were considered
key features for the practical application of the novel dosage form especially
from the patients’ point of view: The viscosity of the film forming solution is
required to be low to enable an application of the dosage form as spray, which
would ensure an accurate, but at the same time flexible dosing and would be
most convenient for the patient. In order to avoid long waiting times for the
patient the novel dosage form is supposed to dry quickly on the skin. The formed
film is required to be non-sticky to avoid adhesion to the clothes of the patient.
Considering the fact that many patients complain about the high visibility of
transdermal patches which is considered cosmetically unattractive the formed
film is supposed to be almost invisible.[21]
In addition to this, the delivery system is required to show a certain permanence
on the skin in order to be able to provide a continuous drug supply over a
prolonged period of time. [28]
Following the polymer screening selected formulations with
polymers from different chemical groups were characterized concerning their
water vapor permeability and mechanical properties. Based on the observation
that the developed formulations had displayed similar mechanical properties, that
is flexibility and abrasion resistance, during the in vivo evaluation the
assumption was that they would also show similar mechanical properties in the in
vitro test method. If this was the case the in vitro method could serve as a useful
instrument in further polymer screening experiments for a more objective
evaluation of the developed formulations. [28]

The mechanical properties (tensile strength and elogation at break) were

determined according to a standard test method that has been frequently used in
the literature for the characterization of strength and flexibility of free polymeric
films .[30]
In addition to the mechanical properties, the water vapor permeability of the
same four formulations was investigated in vitro according to a method from the
British Pharmacopoeia and in vivo by measuring the impairment of the
transepidermal water loss to assess the occlusive properties of the formed films.
Finally, characterization methods for the film forming solutions and important
parameters for the development of this novel dosage form are discussed.[32]
Inflammatory phase migratory phase
Proliferative phase Remodelling phase
Figure no.03:- different phases of wound infection .

WOUNDS
A wound can be described as a defect or a break in the skin, resulting
from physical or thermal damage or as a result of the presence of an underlying
medical or physiological condition. According to the Wound Healing Society, a
wound is the result of ‘disruption of normal anatomic structure and
function’. Based on the nature of the repair process, wounds can be classified as
acute or chronic wounds. Acute wounds are usually tissue injuries that heal
completely, with minimal scarring, within the expected time frame, usually 8–12
weeks.The primary causes of acute wounds include mechanical injuries due to
external factors such as abrasions and tears which are caused by frictional contact
between the skin and hard surfaces. Mechanical injuries also include penetrating
wounds caused by knives and gun shots and surgical wounds caused by surgical
incisions to for example remove tumours. Another category of acute wounds
include burns and chemical injuries, which arise from a variety of sources such
as radiation, electricity, corrosive chemicals and thermal sources. The
temperature of the source and the exposure time influence the degree of a thermal
burn. Burns will normally require specialist care because of the associated
trauma.[35]
Chronic wounds on the other hand arise from tissue injuries that
heal slowly, that is have not healed beyond 12 weeks and often reoccur. Such
wounds fail to heal due to repeated tissue insults or underlying physiological
conditions such as diabetes and malignancies, persistent infections, poor primary
treatment and other patient related factors. These result in a disruption of the
orderly sequence of events during the wound healing process (see later). Chronic
wounds include decubitis ulcers (bedsores or pressure sores) and leg ulcers
(venous, ischaemic or of traumatic origin). Wounds are also classified based on
the number of skin layers and area of skin affected. Injury that affects the
epidermal skin surface alone is referred to as a superficial wound, whilst injury
involving both the epidermis and the deeper dermal layers, including the blood
vessels, sweat glands and hair follicles is referred to as partial thickness wound.
Full thickness wounds occur when the underlying subcutaneous fat or deeper
tissues are damaged in addition to the epidermis and dermal layers. Ferreira et
al.have described wounds both acute and chronic that are difficult to heal as
‘complex wounds’ with unique characteristics.[38]

LITERATURE SURVEY
▪ JOSHUA S. BOATENG,.et al., ‘‘Fibrin sealant: a review of its use in

surgery and endoscopy, Nov ,1999 , Vol 23., P. 863-86’’, in this study of
body tissues.
▪ Thode Hc Jr ,.et al.,‘‘A review of the literature onoctylcyanoacrylate

tissue adhesive, Feb, 2004 ,187(2): 238-48.’’, in this study of Skin
Disorders and their Topical Treatment .
▪ Mitkari BV ,.et al.,‘‘Formulation and evaluation of topical liposomal gel

for fluconazole Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,
Sep ,2006 ,44(4): 324-333. ”,in this study of Formulation and evaluation of
topical preperation .
▪ Sievens-Figueroa ,.et al.,‘‘International Journal of Pharmaceutics,

Jan,2009,vol.4.,P.298-305 ”, in this study of Preparation and
characterization of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose films containing stable
BCS Class II drug nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications.
▪ Daróczy J ,.et al.,‘‘Antiseptic efficacy of local disinfecting povidone-

iodine (Betadine) therapy in chronic wounds of lymphedematous patients,
Oct,2011,204(suppl 1):75– 78, in this study of povidone-iodine therapy in
chronic wounds.
▪ Shrivastava Patil ,. et al.,‘‘ International journal of sciences and research,

Aug,2012,23: 19-7064 ,in this study of Fast dissolving antiseptic film An
innovative drug delivery system.
▪ Selvaggi G,.et al., ‘‘The role of iodine and povidone in antisepsis and
wound management ,April,2014, 103: 241–247 , in this study of iodine and
povidone in antisepsis and wound management

History of wound dressings
Until the mid 1962, the researches of wound dressing and healing
were somewhat neglected. It was supposed previously that the wound heal is
faster and more efficient, if it is kept dried and maintained uncovered. This
speculation was assume before establishing the ideal requirements for wound
healing materials. The pioneering work of Winter designed the first
generation of wound film or ‘‘dressings”, where he revealed that the epithelial
repair of wounded pig skin was at least twic compared to the air-exposed
wounds. Since this date, the studies and researches of wound dressing
development were further heightened; suggesting ideal wound dressings should
keep a wetted environment with high biocompatibility and prohibit the bacterial
infection for accelerating the tissue regeneration. In eighties, the wound dressings
were classified according to their wettability degree into dried and wet dressings.
The idea of the dried wound dressings was regarded the proper for wound
healing. Until the mid of 1970s, the woven cotton gauze or non-woven blends of
rayon with other fibers like polyester or cotton, were known as the most
frequently dressings I the market [15].
The traditional or dried dressings maintained the wound area dry, reduced the
wound size from view, allowed to absorb all wound exudates and fluids causing
leakage and provided further contamination. Thus, this behavio was classified as
a hostile for bacterial proliferation and also for viability of the mammalian cells
and tissue repair. According last investigations, Winter found that in case dried
dressings, a scab can covers the whole wound area which decreases the
epithelialization rate and inhibit the dressing rate. Therefore the gauze-cotton
dressings (dried dressings) which were earlier frequently utilized as wound
dressings became now not so useful because their own drawbacks, as follows
[16]: (i) Inability to protect the wound from microbial invasion, (ii) cause strong
pains for patients during the removal time, due to their big adhere on wound
surface, (iii) accumulated wound exudates at wound surface owing to their low
absorption rate, which facilitate the microbial attack, (iv low gases permeability,
(v) not suitable for chronic wounds, and (vi) keep the wound dried which
decreases the epithelialization rate and cell proliferation.[18]

Classification of wound dressings
Traditional dressings
The most famous example of this category is gauze or gauzewoven

cotton composite dressings, which were offered since the mid 1970s [15]. These
materials were characterized with their low cost, easy use and fabrication.
However, the popula disadvantages of these materials restricted their use, can be
described. The gauze and gauze-cotton composite possesse much absorbent
capacity of wound exudates which causes a fast dehydration and promotes the
bacterial growth and contamination. In addition, at the end of treatment the cover
removal is a somewhat difficult that causes bleeding or damage to the renewed
epithelial flora. Thus, many attentions have been exerted to address these
disadvantages by grafting the gauze-cotton composite with non-adhesive inner
surface were fabricated to relieve the pain or minimize the damage to the
renewed skin when removing the dressings. Advanced cotton gauze composite
have been recently developed to meet all requirements of typical dressings.
Cotton gauze was coate with chitosan-Ag-ZnO nanocomposites [20]. Obtained
results illustrated that, treating of cotton gauze membrane with chitosan-Ag-ZnO
increased swelling capacity and improve antibacterial activity versus Escherichia
coli and Staphylococcus aureus.[20]
Biological dressings
The biological dressings as called ‘‘auto-grafting” are regarded the

most suitable materials for complete healing of deep, chronic wounds and burns.
This method is depending upon the donation of normal and fresh skin from
foreigner bodies e.g. human, animals, or cadavers. Such materials of this method
are from collagen-type structure including elasti and lipids. The basic drawback
of these materials is sometimes inadequate for donating skin part for deep or
large wound, which results in the search to new tissue donor [20].
Artificial dressings
Artificial dressings are fabricated from synthetic materials such as,

non-biological materials and polymers which are not found in skin ingredients

Synthetic dressing’s composition should be a harmless, mechanically

stable, biodegradable, and presents a proper environment for the tissue
repair.Recently, there are huge demands for polymeric membrane materials to be
applied for wound dressings. The polymeri wound dressings have been used
recently in different form such as films, foams, hydrogels, alginates, and
hydrocolloids meric wound dressings according to the shape including their
positives and negatives. While, describes the possible different polymeric
dressing materials in the world markets and their commercial names, the optimal
use and the utilization percentage in the sector of wounds and burns care
Hydrogel dressings had large share for wound dressing applications due to their
advantages excelled on own disadvantages .[20]
At present, PVA is one of the most frequently and the oldest synthetic
polymer have been employed as wound dressings, wound management, drug
delivery system , artificial organs, and contact lenses . However, PVA hydrogel
has inadequate elasticity, stiff membrane, and very incomplete hydrophilic
characteristics which restrict its use alone as wound dressing polymeric
membranes. Among the various hydrogels described in literatures, hydrogels
prepared using PVA blended with some natural polysaccharide and some other
synthetic ones are attractive and the most widespread route of membranes
synthesis, because of the abundance of such polymers, easily for chemical
,derivatization or modification, and usually good biocompatible .[20]
Moreover, Kamoun et al. have reported that the properties of hydrogels

based PVA-composite polymers have outperformed their counterparts of other
polymers. Natural and synthetic polymers have been used individually or
combined with each other for preparing of dressings as showed in . Sood et al.,
[1] have reported that polymeric wound dressings based on hydrogels facilitated
the healing of pressure ulcers patient’s by promoting more rapid epithelialization.
Hence, the number healed wounds with hydrogels as dressings were 85%,
compared to 50% with those which were healed by traditional gauze
dressings.[20]

Currently available wound dressing materials in the markets

materials Description Use for
Polymeric Films were synthesized from – Superficial wounds

Films polyurethane or any other – Laser wounds
polymeric materials – Surgery defect sites
– Skin tears
Polymeric Foams Foams dressing were – Chronic wounds

synthesized from hydrophilic – Burns
foams and hydrophobic – Mohs surgery and wounds
backing or semi-permeable – Laser resurfacing wounds
with non absorbent
membranes, e.g.
polyoxyethylene glycol
Polymeric Hydrogels were synthesized – Chemotherapy peels
Hydrogels from crosslinked hydrophilic – Ulcers
polymers, e.g. polyvinyl – Laser resurfacing
alcohol, polyvinyl – Average thickness wounds
pyrrolidone, or polyethylene – Graft donor sites and
oxide artificial
organs wounds
Polymeric Alginate hydrogels were – Thickness burns

Alginates synthesized from chemical – Surgical wounds
crosslinking of sodium – High exudates wounds
alginate algae with Ca, Mg, – Chronic ulcers
or Zn salt solutions
Polymeric Hydrocolloides were – Chronic ulcers

Hydrocolloides synthesized by – Burns
immobilization of iodine – Average thickness wounds
onto water-soluble modified – Donor graft sites
starch based on
cadexomeriodine
beads; the gel was
formed by iodine exchange
between polymeric material
and wound exudates.
Table no.01:- List of currently available polymeric wound dressing materials in the
world markets.

Marketed Antiseptic film forming liquids
Figure no.04 :-marketed antiseptic film forming liquids for skin injury.
❖ LIQUID BANDAGE: New Skin's adhesive bandage spray is an all in one

antiseptic treatment & waterproof bandage for scrapes, minor cuts &
wounds, sealing out germs & forming a tough, protective barrier.
❖ COVER & PROTECT: Use Liquid Bandage Spray when you need a
flexible seal to protect larger wounds on the arms & legs or prevent blisters
& calluses in hard to reach areas. Fast drying & waterproof .
❖ WATERPROOF & INVISIBLE: Liquid Bandage helps prevent
infection in minor cuts & scrapes. Our innovative formula dries clear, is
waterproof, & stays put. It's great for protecting blisters & calluses .
❖ BEYOND BANDAGES: New Skin's liquid & spray formulas not only
provide antiseptic protection, they go beyond regular adhesive bandages to
form a flexible, waterproof seal that stays in place & keeps germs out .
❖ NEW SKIN: When bandages don’t cut it, think New Skin the liquid
solution you simply spray or brush right on the skin. It acts as a shield
against germs in a way regular adhesive bandages can’t Attachments area
.[23]

METHOD
Spray method
Topical spray is dosage form in which polymeric solution of drug is

sprayed over the intact skin so as to get a sustained release of drug from the
polymeric matrix. The drug is present in saturated form in the polymer matrix.
As the organic solvent evaporates slowly the drug diffuses through the polymer
matrix and passes from the skin barrier.[26]
Solvent casting method
In this method water soluble polymer and plasticizer are dissolved

in the distilled water. The solution was stirred up for 2 hrs on the magnetic stirrer
and kept aside to remove all the air bubbles entrapped. Mean while, the
excipients and API are dissolved and stirred well for 30 min, after the completion
of stirring both the solutions are mixed together. Finally the solution was casted
on a Povidone iodine powder was prepared at laboratory (GNCP) by using
following procedure and evaluated the same prepared powder. suitable flat
surface to form a film. The film was dried and carefully remove.[26]

Role of hydrogel membrane materials for enhancing and accelerating the wound
healing phases.
Figure no.05:- role of hydrogel membrane materials for enhancing and

accelerating the wound healing phases

Evaluation Parameters of Povidone-iodine powder
Assay
Identification
Colour
Determination of “Free” Iodine in Povidone-iodine powder
Stability determination of Povidone iodine powder
Antiseptic activity
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
Following optimization method was used for the selection of

polymers, plasticizers and solvents.[27]
Evaluation Parameters of film forming polymeric solution
1) Density
2) Viscosity
3) Iodine content
4) Spreadability
5) Antiseptic activity

Evaluation parameters of film
1. Appearance
All prepared films were evaluated for their appearances i.e. if they are
transparent or opaque.
2. Thickness of film
The thickness of film was measured by vernier caliper. The thickness
uniformity was measured at five different sites of film and average of five
reading was taken with standard deviation.
3. Drying time
For the assessment of the drying time the formulation was applied to the
inner sides of the forearm after 2 minutes a glass slide was placed on the film
without pressure. If no remains of liquid were visible on the glass slide after
removal, the film was considered dry. If remains of liquid were visible on the
glass slide the experiment was repeated until the film was found to be completely
dry.
4. Moisture absorption studies

The moisture absorption study was carried out at 75% RH at 25 ± 1oC
using saturated solution of sodium chloride. The pre-weighed samples of film
were kept under the humidity condition as mention above and weighed the film
after 24 hours. The increase in the weight indicates the moisture absorption by
samples which can be calculate by using the following formula.
5. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR)

The WVTR study was carried out in desiccators maintained at 43% and
75% RH at 25 ± 1oC using saturated solution of potassium carbonate and sodium
chloride respectively. Film were placed on the mouth of glass vials containing
fused calcium chloride and sealed using silicon wax. These vials were accurately
weighed and placed in desiccators at 43% and 75% RH. The weight of the vials
was recorded after 24 hours.

6. Folding endurance of film

The folding endurance was measured manually for the prepared film. A
strip of film (43 cm) was cut evenly and repeatedly folded at the same place till it
broke. The number of times the film could be folded at the same place without
breaking gave the exact value of folding endurance.
7. Weight variation test of film

The three disks of 22 cm2 of film was cut and weighed on electronic
weigh balance for weight variation test. The test was done to check the
uniformity of weight and thus check the batch-to-batch variation.
8. In-vitro drug diffusion study of film

The drug diffusion study through film were conducted by using vertical
type diffusion cell (Franz type) having receptor compartment 15ml volume with
2cm2 area. The receptor compartment was filled 15ml of phosphate buffer pH
7.4; the activated dialysis membrane was mounted on the flange of the diffusion
cell receptor compartment. The prepared film placed on center of membrane with
sufficient quantity of drug, the donor compartment was then placed in position
and the two valves of the cell clamped together. The whole assembly was kept on
a magnetic stirrer and solution in the receptor compartment was constantly stirred
using a magnetic bead at 32oC maintained.[38]
A spray can be applied directly to the wound/injury and dry in short
time, so there is no need to use cotton or gauze to spread or cover the wound. A
spray preparation of PVP-I can be more effective if excipients such as a
humectants and a film forming agent are added to enhance the bactericidal effects
with the convenience of direct application to the skin.[29]

CONCLUSION
From the above studies it could be concluded that in-situ film

information was successfully studied for topical release of a drug for local action
on skin like skin injury. Also it can cover the skin injury and protect it from
deposition of dust particles and prevent further infection and improved patient
compliance .

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A

A REVIEW ON FORMULATION AND EVALUATION

Submitted in partial fulfillment for course of

In faculty of Science & Technology,

HI-TECH COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,

PADOLI PHATA, NAGPUR HIGHWAY, MORWA, CHANDRAPUR.

formulation and evaluation of antiseptic film forming liquid for skin

A Project work submitted in partial fulfillment for course of Bachelor of

This Project work is now ready for examination and evaluation.

Place: Chandrapur Dr. Satish B. Kosalge

PADOLI PHATA, NAGPUR HIGHWAY, MORWA, CHANDRAPUR.

formulation and evaluation of antiseptic film forming liquid for skin

This Project work is now ready for examination and evaluation.

Place: Chandrapur Signature of the Guide

Date: Prof. Snehal v. Pimpalshende

PADOLI PHATA, NAGPUR HIGHWAY, MORWA, CHANDRAPUR.

A Project work submitted in partial fulfillment for course of Bachelor of Pharmacy in

Place: Chandrapur Mr. Mayur S. Khope

Date: (B. Pharm. VIII Sem)

I convey my deep gratitude and respect to my esteemed Guide, Prof. Snehal

My special thanks go to Dr. Satish B. Kosalge, Principal, Hi-Tech College of Pharmacy,

….. Mayur S. Khope

4 History of wound dressing 11

5 Classification of dressing 12-13

6 currently available wound dressing 14

9 Evaluation Parameters of Povidone-iodine 18

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 1

NO.OF TABLE NAME OF TABLE

FIGURE NO. NAMES OF FIGURE

Figure no.02 antiseptic transparent film for skin injury .

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 2

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTISEPTIC FILM

Figure no.01 :- film forming liquids for skin injury .

Antiseptics are defined as agents used to inhibit or kill

A wide variety of other ingredients such as fragrances, glycerol,

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 3

Figure no.02:- antiseptic transparent film for skin injury .

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 4

With povidone iodine (PVP-I), there have been concerns about

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 5

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 6

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 7

The mechanical properties (tensile strength and elogation at break) were

Inflammatory phase migratory phase

Proliferative phase Remodelling phase

Figure no.03:- different phases of wound infection .

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 8

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 9

▪ JOSHUA S. BOATENG,.et al., ‘‘Fibrin sealant: a review of its use in

▪ Thode Hc Jr ,.et al.,‘‘A review of the literature onoctylcyanoacrylate

▪ Mitkari BV ,.et al.,‘‘Formulation and evaluation of topical liposomal gel

▪ Sievens-Figueroa ,.et al.,‘‘International Journal of Pharmaceutics,

▪ Daróczy J ,.et al.,‘‘Antiseptic efficacy of local disinfecting povidone-

▪ Shrivastava Patil ,. et al.,‘‘ International journal of sciences and research,

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 10

History of wound dressings

HI-TECH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY , CHANDRAPUR Page 11