Net: ↑ glucose (blood) Net: ↑AA blood, ↓proteins (extrahepatic cells) Net: ↑ FA (blood) ↑ β-oxidation (cell)

CHO (carbohydrate) CHON (protein) FAT

- ↑gluconeogenesis (liver)
- ↓glucose utilization
- ↓insulin Sn of fat
Liver:
- ↑ enzymes for gluconeogenesis
- 💚 DNA transcription → RNA
- P: protein – enzymes for gluconeo
- 💔 insulin effects
- 😡 Glycogenesis
Muscle:
- Protein (muscle) → amino acid (plasma)
- AA goes to liver for gluconeogenesis
Cells FHM
- ↓GLUT 4 (translocation) = insulin R
- ↓ IRS-1, PI3kinase, NADH (oxidation)
- 💔 Glycolysis
- ↑catabolism (muscle)
- ↑amino acids (blood, liver)
- ↓cellular proteins (except liver)
All cells except liver
- ↓ AA transport into tissues
- 💔 CHON synthesis
- 💚 CHON catabolism (intracellular)
- ↓protein stores
Muscle:
- Protein (muscle) → amino acid (plasma)
- AA goes to liver for gluconeogenesis
- ↓AA transport to muscle et al.
- 💔 CHON (intracellular), CHON synthesis
- ↓ Tissue stores of protein
Extrahepatic tissues (muscle, lymphoid tx)
- ↓RNA formation, protein synthesis
- 💔 weak muscle, immunity fnx
Plasma
- ↑ AA plasma
Liver
- Picks up those AA
- ↑ CHONs synthesis, then sent to bv
- 💚 deamination AA, gluconeogenesis
- 💚 protein synthesis, plasma CHONs
- ↑ lipolysis
- ↑ fat generated in some faster than being
metabolized
Adipose
- ↑ FA mobilization
- 💔 GLUT = ↓glucose entry to adipose
- 💔 glucose → α-glyceroP → TAG
- 💚 release FFA to blood instead
- ↑ FA plasma – used for energy
- 💚 β-oxidation of FA (cells)
Effect:
- ✅ FA utilization for energy
- ❎ Glucose utilization for energy
- Conserves body glucose & glycogen
Peculiar obesity
- Excess cortisol:
- ↑ food intake stimulation
- In some tissues:
- Fat generated > metabolized
💚
- fat deposition in chest, head
- buffalo-like torso
- rounded “moon” face