 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

0
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ 
 ،،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫?א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

i
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
١ 
 ٣ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
٧  ‫א‬W١ J١
٩ ‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J١
١١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J١
١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J١
 ١٩  ‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J١
٢٠  ‫א‬
٢٣ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥ ‫א‬W١ J٢
 ٢٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٢
٢٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٢
٢٩ ‫א‬W٤ J٢
٣١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٢
 ٣٢  ‫א‬W٦ J٢
 ٤٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧ J٢
 ٥٥  ‫א‬‫א‬W٨ J٢
 ٥٧  ‫א‬‫א‬W٩ J٢
 ٦٠  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W١٠ J٢
 ٦٥  ‫א‬W١١ J٢

ii
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ٦٧  ‫א‬‫א‬W١٢ J٢
 ٧٠  ‫א‬‫א‬W١٣ J٢
 ٧١  ‫א‬‫א‬W١٤ J٢
 ٧٤  ‫א‬W١٥ J٢
 ٧٦  
 ٨٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨٢  
 ٨٤  ‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٣
 ٨٧  ‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٣
 ٨٨  ‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٣
 ٩٠  ‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٣
 ٩٥  
 ٩٦  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩٨  W١ J٤
 ١٠٠  ‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٤
 ١٠٢  ‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٤
 ١٠٣  ‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٤
 ١٠٦  ‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٤
 ١٠٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٥ J٤
 ١١٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٥ J٤
 ١٢٠  
 ١٢١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٣  

iii
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ١٢٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٥
 ١٢٥  ‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٥
 ١٣٥  
 ١٣٦  ‫א‬‫א‬
  

iv
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬EDistributionF‫א‬،ETransmissionF‫א‬،EGenerationF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Introduction to Maintenance Importance ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EMaintenanceF‫א‬ 
  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W

‫א‬‫א‬ W Routine or Periodical Maintenance‫א‬‫ א‬K١

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
            ‫א‬   
‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬       
  ‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬ WPreventive Maintenance ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
        ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬     WPredictive Maintenance ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K٣
   condition monitoring ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   E‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬

Vibration Measurements and   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 Analysis
 Visual Inspection‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Oil Analysis‫א‬ 

 Ultrasonic Testing‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Infrared Thermography‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Motor Analysis‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬      ،  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬   ‫א‬          
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫ א‬K٥
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
Why do we maintain?‫؟‬‫א‬١–١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬

٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W–١
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W–٢
 W‫א‬،‫א‬
K
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Maintenance Programs Planning‫א‬‫א‬٢–١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬         
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،   ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
  Maintenance Requirement Cards (MRC)  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
.‫א‬ 
.‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
.‫א‬ 
 KEMRCF‫א‬E١ J١F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EMRCF‫א‬ JE١ J١F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣–١
Elements of Electrical Power Systems & Distribution System
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Electric Power Generation stations‫א‬‫א‬ 
Step-up Transformer Substations‫א‬ 
Transmission Lines‫א‬‫א‬ 
Step-down Transformer Substations‫א‬ 
Primary Distribution Networks‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
Service Transformers for Distribution ‫א‬ 
Secondary Distribution Networks ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬

Generation stations‫א‬ 
Transmission lines‫א‬ 
Distribution networks‫א‬ 
‫א‬            E٢ J١F 
13.8 K.V , 20 K.V F Generation Voltages ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E6.6 K.V and 11K K.V
‫א‬ Transmission Voltages   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
E 66 K.V , 132 K.V , 220KV 380 K.V and 400 K.VF‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Primary Distribution Voltages‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬   E33 33 K.V , 20 K.V , 13.8 K.V , 11 K.V and 6.6 K.VF 
 KE380 / 220 volts or 220 / 110 volts F Secondary Distribution Voltages ‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬–E٢ J١F
 
Electric Power Stations‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٣ J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ Thermal power stations‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Gas turbine  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J Steam power stations ‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،E Diesel generators‫א‬ J power stations
، Nuclear power stations‫א‬‫א‬ Hydraulic power stations
 New and Renewable Energy Sources‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  ‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٣  J١

Electric Power Transmission System

 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
Three phase  ‫א‬‫א‬ Three phase single circuit system  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  Kdouble circuit system
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 Electric Distribution Systems‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٣ J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ substations،‫א‬‫א‬
  High Voltages EH.V.F ‫א‬  Extra High voltages EE.HVF ‫א‬
 Low Voltages.EL.V.F Medium voltages EM.V.F
  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Primary distributionE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 33 KV – 6.6 KV‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ Secondary distributionE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E J٣ J١F،E J٣ J١F ‫א‬K380V‫א‬  220/110V.
‫א‬‫א‬
 K13.8 KV11KV 

 K‫א‬–E J٣ J١F

١٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬–E J٣ J١F

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤–١
Maintenance Considerations and Requirements
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
K‫א‬ J٥

١٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٤ J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٤ J١
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

١٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٤ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬W٥ J٤ J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬W٦ J٤ J١
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤ J١F K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J‫א‬ JF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EKKK‫א‬‫–א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

١٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ JE٤ J١F

١٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Future orientation of maintenance‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J١

 

 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK
 K‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE٥ J١F

١٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  EF   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  EF   
K‫א‬
‫א‬      EPreventive MaintenanceF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
  E F K‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K

  E FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

  EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EPreventive MaintenanceF‫א‬‫ א‬K
 E FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  E FK‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬
 E F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K
  E FK

 
 
 
 

٢٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
Step-down Transformer
 
 Substations
 Routine Maintenance  
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
Transmission Lines  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Thermal Power Station  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
  6 K.V-20 K.VK     6.6 K.V-20 K.V K
  6.6 K.V-33 K.VK     6.6 K.V-33 K.V K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
  ‫א‬K       ‫ א‬K
  EFEF‫א‬K       ‫ א‬K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
  69 K.V-230 K.VK     6.6 K.V-20 K.V K
  1K.V‫א‬K     ‫א‬230 K.V K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
  66 K.V-380 K.VK     66 K.V-400 K.V K
  6.6 K.V-380 K.VK     6.6 K.V‐400 K.V K


٢١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬K   ‫א‬‫א‬ K
  EFEF‫א‬K   ‫א‬‫א‬ K

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
  69 K.V-230 K.VK    6.6 K.V-20 K.V K
  <1K.VK    230 K.V and above K


‫א‬‫א‬ J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     J٧
K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩

٢٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٢٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F ‫א‬   ‫א‬    J
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

٢٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Maintenance of Substations ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ،‫א‬ ، ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

 Functions of SubstationsW‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KESwitching devicesF‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
Protection F ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   J٣
KEdevices
KEVoltage regulationF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Step-up or step-down transformers‫א‬ 

Circuit breakers and relays،‫א‬ 

Voltage and current transformers‫א‬ 

Bus-Bars 

Switching equipment & insulators‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Types of Substations ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬
KTransmission substation‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
KDistribution substation‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

٢٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬   J  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬E١ J٢FK‫א‬‫א‬

 
 –E١ J٢F
 

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
  ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  E٢ J٢F  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

٢٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 –E٢ J٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٢

Steps of maintenance for Substations

‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 

٢٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٣ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،،‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬       
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
   ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  on field tests ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

٢٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Acceptance tests‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪٨٠ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
  W Routine maintenance tests ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬W٤ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬         ‫א‬ 
 ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W ‫א‬‫א‬ –

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬   (Circuit Breaker Blocking) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣ J٢F‫א‬

٢٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  JE٣ J٢F

‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E ‫א‬ F   ‫א‬   
‫א‬KE٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE٤ J٢F

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

٣٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬،W‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬

 JE٥ J٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
      E٦ J٢F ‫א‬ K  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

٣١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٢
 Maintenance of Electric Power Transformers

،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 

٣٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٦ J٢
Maintenance of Dry-type Power Transformers

   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   W ‫א‬  – ١
، ventilation  ‫א‬ ، accessibility  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ Katmospheric conditions‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٧ J٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٧ J٢F
 

٣٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

       ‫א‬    W ‫א‬   – ٢
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬

،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٨ J٢F   K‫א‬   (Tr. Case) 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  
 ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٨ J٢F
 

٣٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬  ‫א‬ J 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ١٠٠٠ ◦٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٩ J٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬–E٩ J٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٪ ٠{٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬ E J١٠ J٢F KTransformer Turns Ratio tester (TTR)
‫א‬E J١٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

٣٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E J١٠ J٢F

 
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E J١٠ J٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٢F
 
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  – ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Kchangerstap‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬

K٪٣‫א‬‫א‬
 

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W  ‫א‬   – ٥
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     (short circuited) ‫א‬
  ١٠٠  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬ – ٦

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٦ J٢
Maintenance of Oil-filled Power Transformers

   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   W ‫א‬  – ١
‫א‬     ، ventilation ‫א‬ W  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

٣٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  E١١ J٢F ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١١ J٢F

       ‫א‬    W ‫א‬   – ٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،٪٦٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F‫א‬K‫א‬(Tr. Case)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬–E١١ J٢F

 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  – ٣
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬ J
      ‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬   
  ‫א‬  
‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬
  ١٠٠٠ ◦٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬   
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  E١١٢ J٢F 
‫א‬ 
‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬٪ ٠{٥
(tap changing points)    ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٢F‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٣ J٢F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W ‫א‬   ‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KE١٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٢F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬– ٤
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
E١٥ J٢F  Infra-red Scan ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، Heat Spots ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،Arcing
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬

٤٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬


 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬E١٦ J٢F
‫א‬K



‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

  E١٦ J٢F
‫א‬
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

٤٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
  ‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫ א‬

  ‫ א‬
  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫ א‬
   ‫א‬‫ א‬

٤٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬
  E–F
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    W  ‫א‬   – ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 100 – 120 C° F
  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٢FK‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٢F

  ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ (short circuited)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (torr) 0.5‫א‬‫א‬  90 – 100 C° ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   50 C°  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ، ‫א‬          ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٦
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧ J٢
Maintenance of Electric Circuit Breakers
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، Disconnect Switches ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،Circuit Breakers (C.B.)
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  fuses ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
(‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
Air-magnetic circuit Breakers
Oil circuit breakers E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
Vacuum circuit breakersE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
SF6 circuit breakers ESF6‫א‬F‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

٤٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬     
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٧ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ، 
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J ٢F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬   J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬–E١٩ J٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ٢٠٠٠     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬٪٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J٥
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٢FK‫א‬‫א‬

. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٢٠ J٢F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

           ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J٤
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬ SF6‫א‬  J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    J٦
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  E J٢١ J٢F ‫א‬ K  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J٢١ J٢F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J٢١ J٢F ‫א‬‫א‬E J٢١ J٢F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٣ J٢١F
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W٨ J٢
Maintenance of Instrument Transformers
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ٦٠٠    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬     E J٢٢ J٢F ، E J٢٢ J٢F ‫א‬ K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٥٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


800KV  800KV
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE J٢٢ J٢F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

110KV 300KV
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE J٢٢ J٢F
 K

٥٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W٩ J٢
Protective Devices Testing and Maintenance

   ‫א‬     ‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬W ( Protective Relay )‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   W(The Surge Arrester) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣ J٢F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ JE٢٣ J٢F

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬

٥٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

        ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K
 

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬ Current Setting
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ،  ‫א‬       ‫א‬    
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬?‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .
 

‫א‬‫ א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٢٤ J٢F

٥٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Protective relay testing‫א‬‫א‬ JE٢٥ J٢F

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٢٦ J٢F
 
 
 

٥٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W١٠ J٢
Battery or D.C Circuits Maintenance

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
، ‫א‬        EF    
 W‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(electrolyte liquid)‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬ (H2SO4) ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 Potassium hydroxide (KOH)  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬  
K ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
   ،D.C ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
   proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID) 
. D.C voltage

Black   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

.out
‫א‬   (Bearings) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ESteam Turbine F
K‫א‬

٦٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

(electrolyte)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE٢٧ J٢F‫א‬1→2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬ JE٢٧ J٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ،  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، E Hydrometer F ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٢٨ J٢F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 1.265 → 1.290  ‫א‬

 1.205 → 1.230  

 1.110 → 1.165  ‫א‬ 

٦١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 JE٢٨ J٢F

 

‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

‫אא‬‫א‬
          ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫ א‬
،E The phhenomenoon of salinnizationF   ‫ א‬
  
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
KE2 volt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F1.8 volt

 
  ‫א‬
 
‫א‬   ‫ א‬
  W ‫א‬  
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،E Capacity F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K1.8 volt‫ א‬

‫ ∗ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬

 ‫א‬،1087A‫א‬
Battery Capacity = 87 * 10 = 870 Amper.Hour.
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬   
 KE٢٩ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ JE٢٩ J٢F

 Charger‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ 

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
‫א‬‫א‬،E٣٠ J٢F
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  (Ripples)   ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

 
‫א‬ JE٣٠ J٢F
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
     ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
‫ א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1.265 → 1.290
‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٦٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫ א‬  1→2  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬ J٤
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      J٦
 ‫א‬      ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
. 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Maintenance of Bus Bars   ‫א‬W١١ J٢

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
single bus-bars‫א‬‫א‬ 

sectionalized bus-bars‫א‬‫א‬ 

duplicate bus-bars‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  J١
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬ E Corona F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣١  J٢F ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

٦٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٣١ J٢F
 

 Maintenance of Station Insulators‫א‬‫א‬W١٢ J٢

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬     
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

٦٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  J١
E٣٢ J٢F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٢ J٢F‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J٤
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٦٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
E٣٣ J٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬–E٣٣ J٢F

  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    K ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠٠٠
 

٦٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Alarm System Inspection‫א‬‫א‬W١٣ J٢K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E Audio alarmsF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 

٧٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Earthin m Inspecction  ‫א‬ ‫א‬W١٤ J٢

ng System

‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ 
   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬  K ‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫אא‬
 
‫א‬

W Duccton Tesster or M hmmeterr‫ א‬K١

Micro-Oh
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 
 Ohmmeeter  
‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬
KE٣٤ J٢F
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1 μΩ → 199.9 Ω ; Error = 0.02% ‫א‬
 
1 μΩ → 19.99 Ω ; Error = 0.025% ‫א‬‫א‬
 




 1 μΩ → 600
6 Ω ; 10
0A
 


 
 
 
 
 
 K  –E٣٤ J٢ F


٧١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W Megger‫ א‬K٢

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K
W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٣٥ J٢F

 ‫א‬  F ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   W  ‫א‬  
   ، E٣٦ J٢F     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬
WEReF‫א‬‫א‬
1 2 3
2

٧٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٣٦ J٢F
 
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  
 B , C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٣٧ J٢F A ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    A , C‫א‬   
W‫א‬A , B‫א‬
Re = (Ω)
 K‫א‬Re

٧٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٧ J٢F

Substation Restoring‫א‬W١٥ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KLast Opened, First Closed (LOFC) 
 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  – 
‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬ ( Circuit Breaker Unblocking )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٧٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    – 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

٧٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  EF   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  EF   
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
  E FK‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     J

  E F K‫א‬
 ٪٦٠        ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ J

  E FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J

  E FK‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J
  E FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J
  EFK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
  E FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  E FK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 
 
 
 
 

٧٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
Routine Maintenance Tests  
Voltage & Current
 
 Transformers
   
   ‫א‬
Accessibility  
Transformer Case (Tr. Case)  
   ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬ .١

EFEF‫א‬K   ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬K    ‫א‬K

  W‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
  EFEF‫א‬K   ‫א‬ K
  ‫א‬‫א‬K   ‫א‬‫א‬ K

 
  W‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

EFEF‫א‬K     K
‫א‬K     K
 
 
 

٧٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬ .٤

0.3%‫א‬K     0.5%‫א‬K
0.3%‫א‬‫א‬K    0.5%‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  20°C   .٥
  W

1000MΩK     1000KΩK
1000MΩK    1000KΩK

  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦

K      K
‫א‬K     K
 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   .٧
  W
  60% K     65% K
  60% K      65%  K


 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
  EFEF‫א‬K    ‫א‬ K
  ‫א‬K     ‫א‬ K

   K


 

٧٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٧

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٨

 
 

٧٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 

 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٨٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J


٨١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Maintenance of Transmission Lines and their Insulators
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬- ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. 1000KV ،400KV،69 KV
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F
 

  
٨٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
EGalvanizedF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢ J٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE٢ J٣F

٨٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
KE٣ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬ JE٣ J٣F

٨٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬ JE٤ J٣F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
E٥ J٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬ JE٥ J٣F

٨٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
E٦ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE٦ J٣F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬E٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ JE٧ J٣F

٨٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

Live Maintenance ( Under voltage Maintenance)‫א‬‫א‬ 

Maintenance of Disconnected Transmission Lines‫א‬‫א‬ 

 WLive Maintenance ‫א‬‫א‬W١ J١ J٣

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  W   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬ –‫א‬ –‫א‬ –‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٣F
 K‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٨ J٣F

٨٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٩ J٣F
 

 Maintenance of Disconnected Lines‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J١ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   E١٠ J٣ F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٨٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٠ J٣F
 
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
–‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١١ J٣F  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬ 

٨٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE١١ J٣F

 
 Maintenance of Line Insulators‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

٩٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    J٦
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    E ١٢ J٣F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
KEUltra sonic receiverF‫א‬‫א‬

٩١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٣F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    J٨
20000 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬M Ω
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، E١٤ J٣F،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٥ J٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

٩٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٣ J٣F
 

 
 ‫א‬E١٤ J٣F

٩٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٥{٨‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬–E١٥ J٣F

٩٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩



٩٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٩٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

٩٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Underground Cables Maintenance‫א‬‫א‬

 WIntroductionW١ J٤
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫ א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   J٢
K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
K J٧
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬
 K
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
Cross-EXLPE)‫א‬‫א‬Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Linked Polyethelene
       ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   
    ‫א‬   ،    
 K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 Cables Construction   ‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٤

E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬           ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   K ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬

١٠٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

١٠١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KEF 
K‫א‬E‫א‬F 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 Cable Classifications‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ 
K
‫א‬ ‫א‬    W ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬XLPEPVC
،W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، 15 K.V
‫א‬  ، 11 – 33 K.V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،   66 K.V   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(trays)‫א‬ 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
،‫א‬ 0.5 – 3 meter‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢ J٤F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٢ J٤F

١٠٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 40%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٣ J٤F

‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٤ J٤F  K ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٠٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٤ J٤F

‫א‬ WEtrays)‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  E trays F ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٥ J٤FK‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٠٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KEtraysF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٥ J٤F

 W‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٥ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

   ‫א‬ E٦ J٤F   ‫א‬ W DC Hi-Pot Adapter  J١
KE٧ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٠٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ DC Hi-Pot Adapter–E٦ J٤F

‫א‬‫א‬C-Hi-Pot Adapter ‫א‬‫א‬ JE٧ J٤F

 ‫א‬
     W Murray Loop Resistance Bridge ‫א‬  J٢
Wheatstone  ،‫א‬

١٠٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

faulted    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  bridge
–‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ good conductor  conductor
‫א‬ Galvanometer(G) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬     ، E٨ J٤ F    
‫א‬. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  (±1%) 
 K‫א‬‫א‬. 
2∗ ∗


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٨ J٤F

‫א‬   W Capacitance Bridge Measurement ‫א‬   J٣

 ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
KE٩ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٠٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٩ J٤F

    W Charging Current Method  ‫א‬    J٤
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
∗
 K 1 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٤F
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٠ J٤F

١٠٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬  W Cable Testing Cars  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ J٥
   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     . ‫א‬
  ‫א‬       ‫א‬   
‫א‬         ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٤F. ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١١ J٤F
 

   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬: Test and surge generator‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬15→25 KV
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  Arc Reflection Method ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E١٢ J٤F ، ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٢ J٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬: Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W
Voltage decay method‫א‬‫א‬G
Impulse current method‫א‬‫א‬G
Arc reflection method‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    E١٣ J٤F  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٣ J٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

:Earth Fault Locator ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬   step voltage method ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬5KV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ، ‫א‬     E‫א‬F     ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E١٤ J٤F،Arc detectors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٤ J٤F

‫א‬‫א‬ : Audio Frequency Generator‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬  6 K.m‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Short-circuit‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  Open-circuit
‫א‬‫א‬ Twisted pair cables‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، Coaxial cables
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
E١٥ J٤FK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

١١٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٥ J٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٦ J٤F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٥ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

١١٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،     ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
E١٧ J٤FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E١٦ J٤F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٦
‫א‬F   ٥٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J١
KE١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  E ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    F      J٢
K٦‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
.‫א‬
.٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K EthinnerF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
.١‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  J٧
 .‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
K‫א‬‫א‬
K45‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
. ‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
  ١٥   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J١٤
  ٨   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬E١٨ J٤F‫א‬ .  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١١٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

١١٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬

١١٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٤F

١١٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨

‫א‬‫א‬ J٩

 
  

١٢٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٢١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J


١٢٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Electric Generators and Motors Maintenance
W
 W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬
 : ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬. ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   : Electric generators ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
.  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬communication centers
‫א‬‫א‬ : Electric motors ‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
Three Phase  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  Synchronous Alternators
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

١٢٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬Induction GeneratorsEF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETurbineF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
–‫א‬ –‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬      ‫א‬   E‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KE‫א‬F‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

١٢٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬–E١ J٥F

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ : DC Motors ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٢٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬–E٢ J٥F
 
‫א‬ : AC Induction Motors  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ، ‫א‬      
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

١٢٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٣ J٥F
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٤ J٥F

  ‫א‬ : AC Synchronous Motors  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   

١٢٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٥ J٥F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ Name plate  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
KKK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٥F‫א‬K‫א‬

١٢٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٥F‫א‬

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
، ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ERotorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EStatorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٢٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٧ J٥F

W   E Bearing F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J٢
  ‫א‬      ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٥F

١٣٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     W ‫א‬    J٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬     ‫א‬
K‫א‬E٩ J٥F

 
‫א‬E٩ J٥F
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J٤
‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E J١٠ J٥F 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬E J١٠ J٥F‫א‬

 E J١٠ J٥F E J١٠ J٥F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٥F

١٣١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 AC Induction Motors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F K٧
‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
 ‫א‬ K١١
‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F K٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٧

١٣٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 AC Synchronous Motors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ K٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
 ‫א‬ K١٠
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 ‫א‬ K٥

١٣٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 AC synchronous Motors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

 
 

١٣٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤

  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
Rao S.
Harker K.
Wiley Publishers 2000.
Fardo S.W. and Patrick D. R.
McGraw Hill
Trinity Workplace Learning
Jeffrey J. Keljik
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

١٣٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Testing, Commissioning, Operation
& Maintenance of Electrical
Equipment
Power System Commissioning and
Maintenance Practice
 Power Station Maintenance
Electrical Power system Technology
Standard Handbook for Electrical
Engineers
Transmission and Distribution:
Overhead Line Maintenance,
Transformer Troubleshooting
AC/DC Motors, Controls, and
Maintenance
‫א‬‫א‬
 J‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J