4 PA7-28 Problems and Puzzles

LES

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+

Tom wants to find the 10" term in the sequence 3, 7, 11, 15, … He makes a chart and writes a

PF formula for the sequence.

Term Number n x Gap Term

. 1 1x4=4 3 Formula: 4n — 1
2 2x4=8 7
3 3x4=12 11

Using his formula, Tom can calculate the value of the 10" term: 4 x (10) — 1 = 40 - 1 = 39.

€ 1. Find a formula for the sequence(let n represent the term number). Then find
:} the value of the 10" term in the sequence.
: +
A a) A, 14, 19 b) 4, 10, 16, 22 c) 3,9, 15, 21 d) 5, 16, 27, 38
| e) 11,21,31,41 f 13,15, 17, 19 g) 3,10, 17, 24 h) 44, 47, 50, 53

:i 2. Ifthe pattern continues, how manyletters will appear in row “K”? AA

:j : Hint: Write a sequencefor the numberofletters in each row, then B B B c
13 write a rule for the sequence. cc ¢
¿ D D D D D
i EEE EEE
y

. For the pattern, write...

wo
en at ia as

i) a sequence giving the number of blocks in each figure.

ii) a rule for the pattern.
iii) an algebraic expression for the number of blocks in the n"figure.
iv) the number of blocks in the 15* figure. — — +
a) b)

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

i) 4, 6, 8, i)
Wot

ii) 2 x Figure Number + 2 ii)

iii) 2n +2 iii)
NE ee

iv) 2(158) +2=30+2 iv)

anr A RES

= 32
The 15" figure would have 32 blocks.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Patterns and Algebra 7-28 101

 The pattern rule is: Start at 4 and add 3 eachtime.
a) Finish writing the formula: Term = Term Number x + o )
b) Find the 23term in the sequencein two ways.
i) Substitute 23 as the term number.
ii) Substitute 20 as the term numberto find the 20" term. Then extend the
sequenceusing the pattern rule to find the 23 term. Did you get the same
answer both ways?

a) Complete the T-table. 1 22-1?=

b) Use your answersto part a) to write a formula for the numberin the 2 |3-2=
n™ row ofthe T-table. 3 42-32=
c) Will 23º - 22? bein the 22% row or the 23" row? How do you know? 4 5?-47=
d) Use your formula to find 23? — 222, 5 @-S=
e) Check your answerusing a calculatoror long multiplication. 6 72-6-

i) Write the number of blocks in each figure as a sequence.

ii) Write an algebraic expression for the numberof blocks in eachfigure.
iii) Find the number of blocks in the 10" figure.
af oa b) c) ] LI aa,
LJ ] O
[TTT]

i) 4, 6, 8, i) i)
ii) 2n +2 ii) ii) .
iii) 2(10) +2=22 iii) iii)

Find the numberof toothpicks in the 20"figure of the sequence.

a) l= l== l=== b) 0h TT
c) d) —<| INS" nN Ne

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

i) Write an expression for the perimeter of each figure. . |

ii) Whichfigure will have perimeter 26? Hint: Write an equation in which you O
make the expression you foundin part i) equal to 26.

102 Patterns and Algebra zat:

 How manydots would be in Figure 8?

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Find a formula for the n" fraction in the sequenceby finding formulasfor
the n® numerator and the n'* denominator.
a) 12, 3 4 b) 5 7 9 11 sonus»3,3, 9 12
23 4 5 7 1115 19 5 4 11 14
Hint: Changeoneofthefractions
to an equivalent fraction.

10. How many shaded squares and how many unshaded squares would be in Figure 7?

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

11. Water drains from two tanks at the rate shownin the chart. Minutes Tank 1 Tank 2
Describe the pattern in each column. Which tank do you think 1 500 L 500 L
will empty first?
2 460 L 490 L
3 420 L 470 L
4 380 L 440 L

. A restaurant has tables shaped as shown. The dots representchairs.

TT
% 0 0 o 0 2 ooo

o o
vv o. “is “oo so?
a) Draw pictures to show how manypeople can sit at 5 and tables. Number of Numberof
Thenfill in the T-table. Tables People
b) Describe the pattern in the numberof people. How does the 7
gap change?
2
c) Extend the pattern to find out how many people can sit at 8 tables. 3

BONUS » Write a formula for the numberof people that can sit at an 4
even number of tables. Use your formula to find out how many people 5
can sit at twenty tables. Hint: Make a sequence wherethe n"term is
the number of people at 2n tables. 6

- Patterns and Algebra 7-28 103

13. The Ancient Greeks investigated numbers that could be Triangular Numbers
arranged in geometric shapes. o
o oo >
a) The first four triangular numbers are shown. co 80e -

à) Find the 5" and 6"triangular numbers by o 00 ooo 0000:

drawing pictures. 1 3 6 10

ii) Describe the pattern in the triangular numbers. Square Numbers

How doesthe gap change? oe oo
0090 0000
iii) Find the 8" triangular number by extending the oo 000 0000
pattern you foundin part ii). o. oo ooo 0000
b) Repeat parts i) to iii) with the square numbers. 1 4 9 16

14. Write an algebraic expression giving the value of the n° term in the sequence.
a) 7,10, 13, 16,... b) 1,6, 11, 16, 21,... c) 3,10, 17, 24,... d) 11, 13, 15, 17, 19,...

15. How many blocks are in the 50"figure?

a) [
— H b)

LT} LL Lift |
— A]
LY]

16. a) Describe any patterns you seein the equations. 2=1x2

b) What is the sum ofthefirst 15 even numbers? 2+4=2x3
2+4+6=3x4
c) What is the sum of the first 15 numbers? Hint: Divide
2+4+6+8=4x5
each even number by 2. What happens?

17. a) How many shaded and unshaded triangles are in

LN
each figure? A AMA AA
b) How many shadedtriangles would be in Figure 10? figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

18.a) Thetitle and labels for this graph are missing. Which 18
of these events could it represent? Circle your answer. 15
Explain your reasoning.
12
The cost(in $) of renting a bicycle for n hours
The area (in cm?) of a square of side length n cm
b) Whatelse could this graph represent? Add your owntitle
and labels to the graph. »
06
104 Patterns and Algebra 7-20