6.
Context - Content of the communication
FIRST TOPIC
Purposive Communication - is about writing,
speaking, and presenting to different audiences and
for various purposes.
CHAPTER 1
COMMUNICATION
processes, principles and ethics
Lesson 1
The word “ Kinematics” comes from a Greek word
“Kinesis” meaning “Motion”
The Nature of Communication
Communication is derived from the Latin word
“common” which means, “belonging to many” and
“communico” means to confer with others. It is the
mutual exchange of information, ideas, and
understanding by any effective means.
Common- use by Everybody to understand english
speaking
Elements of Communication
1. Sender (encoder) - a person who sends or
transmits a message, letter, email, etc.
That is a person who do a message or start the
message
2. Medium (message) -is a channel or system
of communication—the means by which
information (the message) is transmitted between a
speaker or writer (the sender) and an audience (the
receiver). The plural form is media, and the term is
also known as a channel.
3. Channel- refers either to a physical transmission
medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a
multiplexed medium such as a radio channel in
telecommunications and computer networking.  Notes for semantic noise : The difference or
4. Receiver (decoder/listener) -is the listener, reader,
or observer—that is, the individual (or the group of
individuals) to whom a message is directed.
5. Feedback (response) - is the response of an
audience to a message or activity. Feedback can be
conveyed both verbally and nonverbally.
7. Noise - an interference is that which modifies a signal
in a disruptive manner, as it travels along a communication
channel between its source and receiver. The term is often
used to refer to the addition of unwanted signals to a useful
signal.
Example:
Physiological noise - is a distraction caused by
some physiological process that interferes with
the communication process. ... Noise is any type of
disruption that interferes with the transmission or
interpretation of information from the sender to the
receiver.
For Ex: when u angry, happy, sad, emotional,
Psychological noise -talking to fast, consists of
distractions to a speaker's message caused by a
receiver's internal thoughts. For example, if you are
preoccupied with personal problems, it is difficult to
give your full attention to understanding the
meanings of a message.
Another Ex: Wondering, thoughts, sarcasm
Physical noise -is any external or environmental
stimulus that distracts us from receiving the
intended message sent by a communicator 
Ex: of physical noise include: others talking in the
background, background music, a
startling noise and acknowledging someone outside
of the conversation.
Another Ex: videoke, sounds ng computer,
soundtrip ng kapatid mo
Semantic Noise - is the interference during the
construction of a message, as when your professor
uses unfamiliar words. Psychological noise is the
different biases and predispositions that can
unconsciously shape how we interpret messages.
beliefs , differents beliefs ng sender at receiver
Lesson 2
Principles and Characteristics of Communication
1. Communication is Schemata-driven - Makes you
send to or receive messages from somebody by
activating your schemata, experiences or
background knowledge that you have stored in your
brain since your early developmental stages.
2. Communication is an interpretive Act -The only
person who knows the exact or full meaning of the
message transmitted is the sender or speaker. ...
Because the role of the receiver or listener is just
to interpret, infer, or guess the meaning of things
appealing to his sense of hearing.
3. Communication does not guarantee a direct or
automatic link between two minds. - These forms of
knowledge become meaningful only to others when
you initiate communication with them. It will not
be possible without initiation.
4. Communication is Active, Powerful or Forceful. -
Eliciting different meanings or reactions, these
messages are prone to changes. Subjected to the
changeable and continued existence of the
world, communication is a dynamic(A process or
system characterized by constant change) as life
that goes on and on like a river.
5.Communication is Symbolic -is the exchange of
messages that change a priori expectation of events.
... Symbolic communication includes gestures,
body language and facial expressions, as well as
vocal moans that can indicate what an individual
wants without having to speak.
For Example: nag bigay ng Excuse letter ang
students. Ibig sabihin excuse sya sa araw nayon or
event nayun.
6. Communication always results in something - 2 or
more person response to participate in any
communicative act.
The first, expresses or sends a message; the second,
responds or reacts to the message. ... It is
impossible for any person communicating a
message not to get any response or reaction at all
from his listeners.
7. Communication is Irreversible -  and can be
described as a principle of interpersonal interaction
whereby when we say or pass an information to
another party, we cannot take or retrieve it back,
whether it is what we intended to say or not.
Notes: Irreversible we communicate whatever you
want to.
Notes: Free talk under the sun.
8. Communication is Contextual - is defined as the
bidirectional transfer of information between two
parties where both sides are aware of the relational,
environmental and cultural context of the exchange.
For example, behaviors, preferences, and stored
information can all be processed.
Notes: It was meaning full , change new ideas, We
talking about the past
9. Communication is developmental -  refers to the
use of communication to facilitate
social development. Development
communication techniques include information
dissemination and education, behaviour change,
social marketing, social mobilization, media
advocacy, communication for social change and
community participation.
For Ex: elementary to high school to Senior high
school to college it change to develop
10. Communication is a progress
For Ex: Hindi ka marunong mag english so wag ipilit
because it is the process.
11. Communication is Ethical - Communication Ethics
is how a person uses language, media, journalism, and
creates relationships that are guided by an individual's
moral and values. These ethics consider being aware of the
consequences of behavior and consequences; it's to “respect
other points of view and tolerate disagreement”
Notes: Any communication is expected apply rules
12. Communication is influenced by Media and
Technology - a lot more easier than before, there is
internet present today which enables chatting with
friends and families through phone screens. It
greatly affects the distribution of information, it
widens the range in just a short time.
Lesson 3 2. Non-verbal Communication

COMMUNICAT a. body movements - posture, eye movement, smile,

body movement.

b. paralanguage -  is the pitch of your voice. The

ION CUES: non-verbal elements of speech, and to a limited
extent of writing, used to modify meaning and

VERBAL AND convey emotion, such as pitch, volume, and

intonation.
For Ex: highness, loudest, softness
NON-VERBAL c. time - punctual and the late

LANGUAGE Punctual (maaga) - communicate what type person you

are.
Communication Cues: Verbal and Non-Verbal Late - eto yung mga taong tinatawag na “ Eto nanaman
Language si laging late”
1. Verbal Communication d. Proxemics - Proxemics is the study of human use of
space and the effects that population density has on
Verbal symbols refer to the use of speaker language
behaviour, communication, and social interaction.
(Antonio, et.al., p. 30)
(3) Three types of proxemics
Notes: Letter or mark to subject symbolizing the idea to
spoken to others -Public distance
It could b: -Personal distance

through text -Social Distance

Through chat e. physical appearance and object language -

Symbolize the body appearance, body shapes ,
Through face to face communicate how to present your body
Notes: Kasi merong tao na matataba , mapapayat na
hirap mag salita minsan yung matataba pag nag kwento
hinihingal

2nd lesson purposive Com 2. Demonstrate an understanding of how cultural

diversity affects communication, and
3. Appreciate the benefits and challenges of cross-
LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION cultural communication
(Multicultural Setting) Intercultural communication
According to science, each person is genetically unique
Except identical twins, each person has a unique genetic
LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION
composition. This uniqueness becomes even more
IN MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS heightened because of individual experiences. Humans
are formed by forces other than genetics. Family
background, religious affiliations, educational
LEARNING OUTCOMES: achievements, socio cultural forces, economic
conditions, emotional states, and other factors shape
1. Demonstrate an awareness of the reality of cultural human identities. Because of this, no two people can
diversity, ever be exactly the same.
This situation - the diversity of people and cultures -
impacts communication People interacting with those
coming from unfamiliar cultures may have difficulties in
communication. Most people tend to conclude that
miscommunication results from a speaker's lack of
proficiency in a language What is not realized is the fact
that even with excellent language skills, people may still
experience miscommunication.
COMMUNICATING ACROSS CULTURES
By Carol Kinsey Goman (2011)
Communicating across cultures
is challenging. Each culture has set rules that its
members take for granted. Few of us are aware of our
own cultural biases because cultural imprinting is begun
at a very early age. And while some of a culture's
knowledge, rules, beliefs, values, phobias, and anxieties
are taught explicitly, most of the information is absorbed
subconsciously
The challenge for multinational communication has
never been greater Worldwide business organizations
have discovered that intercultural communication is a
subject of importance not just because of increased
globalization, but also because their domestic workforce
is growing more and more diverse, ethnically and
culturally
We are all individuals, and no two people belonging
to the same culture are guaranteed to respond in exactly
the same way. However, generalizations are valid to the
extent that they provide clues on what you will most
likely encounter when dealing with members of a
particular culture
HIGHT-CONTEXT VS. LOW-CONTEXT
All international communication is influenced by
cultural differences. Even the choice of communication
medium can have cultural overtones. The determining
factor may not be the degree of industrialization, but
rather whether the country falls into a high-context or
low context culture
High-context cultures (Mediterranean, Slav, Central
European, Latin American, African, Arab, Asian,
American Indian) leave much of the message
unspecified, to be understood through context, nonverbal
cues, and between-the-lines interpretation of what is
actually said. By contrast, low-context cultures (most
Germanic and English-speaking countries) expect
messages to be explicit and specific
SEQUENTIAL VS. SYNCHRONIC
Some cultures think of time sequentially, as a linear
commodity to “spend", "save" or "waste". Other
cultures view time synchronically, as a constant flow to
be experienced in the moment, ad as a force that cannot
be contained or controlled.
In sequential cultures (like North American English,
German, Swedish, and Dutch), businesspeople give full
attention to one agenda item after another as a force that
cannot be contained or controlled In sequential cultures
(like North American English German, Swedish, and
Dutch). businesspeople give full attention to one agenda
item after another.
In synchronic cultures (including South America,
Southern Europe and Asia) the flow of time is viewed as
a sort of circle, with the past, present and future all
interrelated. This viewpoint influences how
organizations in those cultures approach deadlines,
strategic thinking. investments, developing talent from
within and the concept of "long-term planning
Orientation to the past, present and future is another
aspect of time in which cultures differ Americans
believe that the individual can influence the future by
personal effort, but since there are too many variables in
the distant future, we favor a short term view.
Synchronic cultures context is to understand the present
and prepare for the future. Any important relationship is
a durable bond that goes back and forward in time, and it
is often viewed as grossly disloyal not to favor friends
and relatives in business dealings.
AFFECTIVE VS. NEUTRAL
In international business practices, reason and emotion
both play a role. Which of these dominates depends
upon whether we are affective (readily showing
emotions) or emotionally neutral in our approach.
Members of neutral cultures do not telegraph their
feelings, but keep them carefully controlled and
subdued. In cultures with high affect, people show their
feelings plainly by laughing, smiling, grimacing,
scowling, and sometimes crying, shouting, or walking
out of the room
This doesn't mean that people in neutral cultures are cold
or unfeeling, but in the course of normal business
activities, neutral cultures are more careful to monitor
the amount of emotion they display. Emotional reactions
were found to be least acceptable in Japan, Indonesia,
the U.K., Norway, and the Netherlands and most
accepted in Italy, France, the US, and Singapore.
Reason and emotion are part of all human Multimedia is content that uses a combination of
communication. When expressing ourselves, we look to different content forms such as text, audio, images,
others for confirmation of our ideas and feelings. If our animations, video and interactive content. Multi
approach is highly emotional, we are seeking a direct media contrasts with media that use only
emotional response: "I feel the same way. If our
rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or
approach is highly neutral, we want an indirect response:
traditional forms of printed or hand-produced
"I agree with your thoughts on this."
material.
It's easy for people from neutral cultures to sympathize
with the Dutch manager and his frustration over trying to - Transparency
reason with that excitable Italian". After all, an idea -Video
either works or it doesn't work, and the way to test the
validity of an idea is through trial and observation. That -Sound recording and reproduction
just makes sense doesn't it? Well, not necessarily to the
Italian who felt the issue was deeply personal and who CHAPTER 4
viewed any rational argument as totally irrelevant!
Communication in Various Purposes
The five purposes for communication are the
CHAPTER 3 following:
Communication Aids and Strategies Using Tools - Inform
of Technology - Persuade/Argue
- influence
What is a Communication Aid?
- meet social expectations
A communication aid helps an individual to
communicate more effectively with O pople around
them. EFFECTIVE ESSAY WRITING
Communication aids are also referred to as AAC 1. Research your topic.
devices. AAC refers to Aug mentative and
Alternative Communication 2. Essay plan.

There are two main types of AAC system: 3. It is ok to search for some content, BUT PLEASE
DO PARAPHRASING!
2 Main Types Of ACC SYSTEM
4. Always begin with an INTRODUCTION!
. Unaided Communication
5. Three (3) Body Paragraph.
. Aided Communication
6. Conclusion.
What Are Communication Strategies?
Communication strategies are the blueprints for
how this information will be exchanged. Speaking in English Fluently

Types of Communication Strategies —Respond to others conversation.

Communication strategies can be verbal, —Must be able to understand.

nonverbal, or visual. Tntegrating all the strategies
together will allow you to see the most success.
This allows a business to meet employee needs and Oral Fluency
increase workplace knowledge
—Measurement of both production.
Using Tools of Technology
—Reception of speech.

Oral reading fluency
—Refers to the ability to read words accurately and
quickly while using good vocal expression and
phrasing.
Fluency involves two sides:
Physical fluency - your mouth needs to develop the
ability to produce the words coming from your
mind.
Mental - your brain needs to develop the ability to
find and produce words, phrases and sentences
quickly and smoothly.
5 steps to improve ENGLISH FLUENCY
1. Get out there and speak.
2. Get used to pressure.
3. Speed reading. How?
1. Find a text. (read it again and repeat it 3 times the
fast as you can).
2. Using songs.
4. Apply it on your daily basic life.
5. Make time and use every opportunity.
MISTAKES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1. Bow down your heads. (Bow your heads)
2. Sit down. (Sit)
3. Past experience. (Experience)
4. Moral Lesson. (Moral/Lesson)
5. Anyways. (Anyway)
6. Traffic. (Light traffic/moderate traffic)
7. Monthsary. (Happy 1st month)
8. Pentel Pen. (Marker)
9. Tuck-in or Tuck out. (Tuck)
10. Birthday Celebrant. (Birthday Celebrator)
11. Blow-out. (Treat)
12. Ref. (Fridge)
13. On behalf (kabilang ang mga) vs. In behalf.(para
sa mga)
14. Tin/Pin number. (Tin/Pin)
15. Repeat again. (repeat)
First and foremost.
Join together. (Join)
Each and everyone. (Each)
The reason is because.
Exactly the same.
Future plan.
16. Main Branch.
PUBLIC SPEAKING
- a presentation that's given live before an
audience. Public speeches can cover a wide
variety of different topics. The goal of the
speech may be to educate, entertain, or
influence the listeners. Often, visual aids in
the form of an electronic slideshow are used
to supplement the speech and make it more
interesting to the listeners.
A HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
There's a good chance that there's been
public speaking, in one form or another, as long as
there've been people. But most academics and
others involved with public speaking, including
those at The Public Speaking Project, trace the
origins of modern public speaking back to ancient
Greece and Rome. Those societies didn't have any
of the electronic conveniences we've got today to
help with public speaking but they did have a need
for public speaking and developed public speaking
methods that are still studied today
The Importance of Public Speaking 10. grab attention at the beginning, and close with a
dynamic end.
Whether you're a small business owner, a student,
or just someone who's passionate about something
—you'll benefit if you improve your public speaking
skills, both personally and professionally. Some
benefits to public speaking include:
 Improves confidence
 Better research skills
 Stronger deductive skills
 Ability to advocate for causes

PUBLIC SPEAKING
How to Become Better at Public Speaking?

The truth is that public speaking is a skill. It can be

learned. While some people may have more
natural speaking ability than others, or a more
pleasing voice, or are more charismatic—anyone
who can speak can learn to be a better public
speaker than they are right now. It just takes some
know-how and some effort.

10 Tips for Public Speaking

1. nervousness is normal. practice and prepare!
2. know your audience. your speech is about them, not
you.

3. organize your material in the most effective manner

to attain your purpose.

4. watch for feedback and adapt to it.

5. let your personality come through
6. use humor, tell stories, and use effective language.
7. don’t read unless you have to. work from an outline.
8. use audiovisual aids wisely.
9. use your voice and hands effectively. omit nervous
gestures.