Qartuli 2014

11
2
qarTuli ena da literatura 2
VII-XII klasebi
sagnobrivi gzamkvlevi
2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis mixedviT
Tbilisi, 2013
3
avtorebi:
irina samsonia, TinaTin ceraZe
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis departamentis qarTuli enisa
da literaturis eqspertebi.
Tanaavtorebi:
TinaTin bolqvaZe
filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo
universitetis profesori.
samecniero
redaqtori: rusudan megreliSvili
qarTuli enisa da literaturis pedagogi
4
Sinaarsi
Sesavali.......................................................................................................................................................8
Tavi I. sagnis swavlebis meTodebi da strategiebi....................................9
swavla-swavlebis organizeba sabazo da saSualo safexurebze....9
Tavi II. sagnis swavlebis Sinaarsobrivi sakiTxebi sabazo 2
da saSualo safexurebze..........................................................................................................13
II.1. enis swavlebis sakiTxebi qarTuli enisa da
literaturis sagnobriv programaSi ....................................... 13
II.2. teqstebi qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobriv
programaSi................................................................................. 32
zepiri formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi sabazo da saSualo
safexurze........................................................................................33
werilobiTi formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi..............................33
mxatvruli literatura................................................................33
savaldebulo literatura sabazo da saSualo safexurebze...39
aramxatvruli teqstebi.................................................................43
vizualuri da multimediuri teqstebi.......................................47
mediawigniereba...............................................................................49
Tavi III.............................................................................................................................................................51
sagnobrivi mimarTulebebi.....................................................................................................51
III. 1. mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba........................................ 51
zepiri komunikaciis saxeebi da elementebi................................52
mosmena ............................................................................................55
laparaki..........................................................................................57
araformaluri zepiri metyveleba da misi modelebi ..............58
formaluri zepiri metyveleba da misi modelebi......................62
III. 2. mimarTuleba: kiTxva. . ....................................................... 103
kiTxvis wina etapi: wakiTxulis gageba-gaazrebisaTvis
winapirobis Seqmna..........................................................................104
kiTxvis procesi: teqstis kiTxva..................................................105
kiTxvis Semdgomi etapi: gaxseneba, piradi da kritikuli da
mokidebulebis gamoxatva, wakiTxulis gaazreba-gaanalizeba...106
meTodikuri midgomebi kiTxvis swavlebaSi.....................................108
teqstis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba.............111
teqstis kritikuli analizi..........................................................114
wakiTxulis ganzogadeba................................................................117
teqsti da konteqsti......................................................................117
teqsti da interteqsti..................................................................120
III.3. mimarTuleba: wera............................................................. 124
5
weris procesi da misi etapebi......................................................126
weris procesi.................................................................................126
weris wina etapi..............................................................................128
weris etapi......................................................................................130
weris Semdgomi etapi.....................................................................131
meTodikuri midgomebi weris swavlebaSi..........................................138
werilobiTi teqstis struqtura......................................................143
abzaci..............................................................................................143
abzacis raoba da struqtura.......................................................143
abzacis saxeebi................................................................................148
weriTi namuSevrebi.............................................................................154
weriTi namuSevrebis ZiriTadi saxeebi ........................................159
III. 4. kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi pro-
gramis mimarTulebebs Soris.................................................... 174
Tavi IV.............................................................................................................................................................176
sanimuSo aqtivobebi.......................................................................................................................176
sabazo safexuri.................................................................... 177
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba................................................. 177
aqtivoba # 1: miambeT!..................................................................177
aqtivoba # 2. sasaubro wreebi.....................................................178
aqtivoba # 3. aba, gamoicani!........................................................179
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, wera.................................... 180
aqtivoba# 1. davakvirdeT sxeulis enas......................................180
aqtivoba # 2. msmenelis gzamkvlevi............................................183
aqtivoba # 3. araformaluri kamaTi...........................................184
aqtivoba # 1. konkursi gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi...................186
aqtivoba # 2. mxatvruli kiTxvis dRe........................................186
aqtivoba #3. literaturuli wre................................................187
aqtivoba # 4. meore planis personaJebis saidumlo
cxovreba .........................................................................................188
aqtivoba # 5. emociuri komentari..............................................189
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera........................... 190
aqtivoba # 1. diskusia..................................................................190
aqtivoba # 2: miambeT!..................................................................193
mimarTuleba: kiTxva, wera. .................................................... 194
aqtivoba #1. vqmniT reklamas......................................................194
aqtivoba # 2. vwerT TxrobiT teqsts.........................................198
aqtivoba # 3. me da Cemi Tanaavtori...........................................200
aqtivoba # 4. davarwmunoT patarebi, davarwmunoT didebi.....202
aqtivoba # 5. modiT, aRvweroT...................................................205
aqtivoba # 6. movemzadoT werisaTvis: vadgenT gegmas.............210
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aqtivoba # 7. vmuSaobT abzacze: vadgenT damxmare
winadadebebs....................................................................................211
aqtivoba # 8. faqtebi da mosazrebebi........................................213
aqtivoba # 9. vmuSaobT werilobiT wyaroebze..........................217
aqtivoba #10. vwerT biografias..................................................221
aqtivoba # 11. movemzadoT werisaTvis: vswavlobT
informaciis daxarisxebasa da dagegmvas.....................................223 2
aqtivoba # 12. poeziis 15 wuTi: vqmniT metaforas ................227
aqtivoba # 13. poeziis 15 wuTi: vwerT epitafias ...................230
aqtivoba # 14. gapirovnebuli leqsi .........................................231
aqtivoba # 15. gamovxatoT Cveni Tvalsazrisi..........................233
mimarTuleba: wera..................................................................... 236
aqtivoba # 1: tavtologiis damarcxebisaTvis .........................236
aqtivoba # 2: sityvebis `raxaruxis~ winaaRmdeg .......................238
aqtivoba # 3. movemzadoT werisaTvis: virCevT Temas..............239
aqtivoba # 4. davexmaroT mkiTxvels gzis gakvalvaSi .............242
saSualo safexuri...................................................................... 244
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, wera........................................ 244
aqtivoba. movusminoT da gaviazroT............................................244
mimarTuleba: kiTxva, wera. . ....................................................... 247
aqtivoba # 1. gadmovceT mxolod arsebiTi _ vadgenT
reziumes .........................................................................................247
aqtivoba # 2. vadgenT Tematur winadadebas.............................249
aqtivoba # 3. vswavlobT informaciis organizebas _
amotrialebuli piramida...............................................................252
aqtivoba # 4. vswavlobT sinTezirebas .....................................258
aqtivoba # 5. vwerT sinTezur eses.............................................263
7
Sesavali
winamdebare gzamkvlevi gankuTvnilia qarTuli enisa da literatur-

is sabazo da saSualo safexurebis (VII-XII klasebi) maswavlebelTaTvis.
amasTanave, migvaCnia, rom igi sasargeblo da gamosadegi resursi iqneba
saxelmZRvaneloebze momuSave avtorTa jgufebisTvis, Tavad moswavle-
TaTvis da maTi mSoblebisTvis, ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis, aseve
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis sakiTxiT dainteresebuli
yvela mkiTxvelisTvis.
gzamkvlevis mizania, daexmaros qarTuli enisa da literaturis mas-
wavleblebs, swavlebis sabazo da saSualo safexurebze erovnuli sas-
wavlo gegmis fundamenturi miznebis siRrmiseulad gaazrebaSi, raTa
maT warmatebiT SeZlon qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi
programiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis praqtikaSi ganxorcieleba.
gzamkvlevSi ganxilulia yvela is principuli sakiTxi, romlebic sa-
fuZvlad udevs qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebas sabazo da
saSualo safexurebze.
gTavazobT gzamkvlevis struqturis mokle mimoxilvas:
gzamkvlevi Sedgeba oTxi ZiriTadi nawilisagan. pirvel TavSi
mkiTxveli gaecnoba sabazo da saSualo safexurebze sagnis swavlebis
meTodebsa da swavla-swavlebis organizebis sakiTxebs; meore TavSi
ganxilulia iseTi mniSvnelovani Sinaarsobrivi sakiTxebi, rogorebi-
caa: sabazo da saSualo safexurebze dasamuSavebeli teqstebis saxeebi
da tipebi, savaldebulo literatura da misi swavleba, zepiri da wer-
iTi, aseve verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis saxeebi, midgomebi
enis swavlebaSi da a.S. gzamkvlevis mesame Tavi mTlianad eTmoba stan-
dartis mimarTulebebis: zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris aRwerasa
da rekomendaciebs moswavleebSi Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis
mizniT; meoTxe TavSi mocemulia sanimuSo saklaso aqtivobebi, rom-
lebic, Cveni azriT, gaamdidrebs maswavlebelebis gamocdilebas da
daexmareba maT saswavlo procesis efeqtianad warmarTvaSi.
8
Tavi I
sagnis swavlebis meTodebi da strategiebi
swavla-swavlebis organizeba sabazo da saSualo safexurebze

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis dros maswavlebels unda
axsovdes, rom ar arsebobs erTi midgoma, romelmac SeiZleba yvela mas-
2
wavleblisa da moswavlis saWiroeba daakmayofilos. aqedan gamomdina
re, sasurvelia, davexmaroT moswavleebs SeZlebisdagvarad mraval-
ferovani gamocdilebis miRebaSi. swavlebis procesis dagegmvisas unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom moswavleTa nawili ukeT swavlobs SejibrobiTo-
bis pirobebSi, nawili _ TanamSromlobis reJimSi, nawili ki upirateso-
bas damoukideblad muSaobas aniWebs. Sesabamisad, SejibrobiTobasa Tu
TanamSromlobaze damyarebuli aqtivobebis, agreTve, damoukidebeli
samuSaoebis SeTavazebisas aucilebelia gonivruli balansis dacva. da-
balansebuli midgoma, erTi mxriv, xels Seuwyobs moswavleebs, ufro
metad ganiviTaron Zlieri mxareebi, meore mxriv ki, daexmareba maT Ta-
vianTi naklovanebebis/susti mxareebis daZlevaSi.
swavla-swavlebis organizebis TvalsazrisiT sami ZiriTadi midgoma
gamoiyeneba. esenia: a) jgufebSi swavleba; b) muSaoba mTel klasTan; g)
individualuri/damoukidebeli muSaoba.
a) jgufebSi swavleba _ jgufSi muSaoba exmareba moswavles, gaxdes
gundis srulfasovani wevri da gamoumuSavdes efeqtiani da produqti-
uli interaqciisaTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi. mravalferovani wyvi-
luri Tu jgufuri samuSaoebis Casatareblad moswavleebs unda mivceT
sakmao dro, raTa maT hqondeT saSualeba, ivarjiSon da ganiviTaron
enobrivi kompetenciebi.
jgufebSi muSaobis meTodis gamoyeneba avaldebulebs TiToeul mos-
wavles, iTanamSromlos jgufis wevrebTan da miaRwios maTTan garkveul
SeTanxmebas. jgufis wevrebi erTad ganixilaven maT winaSe mdgar sas-
wavlo amocanas da pouloben gzas mis Sesasruleblad. amisaTvis maT
unda: Camoayalibon da sxvebs gauziaron sakuTari ideebi da mosazre-
bebi, aseve gaiziaron sxvebisac; gamokveTon da gadaWran problemebi;
dagegmon nabijebi da miiRon gadawyvetilebebi; gaacnobieron TavianTi
pasuxismgebloba da Seafason sakuTari wvlili jgufur muSaobaSi.
jgufebSi muSaobis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia swavlebis sxvadasxva
drosa da etapze. samuSao jgufebis moculobas (didi jgufi, mcire
jgufi, samuSao wyvilebi) mTlianad gansazRvravs is, Tu konkretulad
ra saxis samuSaoa Sesasrulebeli. Tavdapirvelad, sanam moswavleebs
ar gamoumuSavdebaT jgufuri muSaobisaTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi,
ufro mizanSewonilia samuSao jgufebis organizeba wyvilebSi an mcire
jgufebSi, romlebSic sami moswavlea gaerTianebuli. TandaTanobiT,
moswavleebis komunikaciuri da TanamSromlobiTi unarebis ganviTare-
9
basTan erTad, SesaZlebelia jgufebis wevrTa raodenobis gazrda 4-5
moswavlemde. jgufebis organizebisas agreTve gasaTvaliswinebelia
isic, Tu ra droa gamoyofili konkretuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad.
Tuki dro mcirea, didi zomis jgufebis dakompleqteba mizanSewonili
ar aris, radgan did jgufebSi muSaoba met samuSao dros moiTxovs.
jgufuri muSaobis dawyebamde winaswar unda vacnoboT moswavleebs,
ra dro eZlevaT maT samuSaos Sesasruleblad. amas garda, maswavlebel-
ma moswavleebs cxadad da gasagebad unda ganumartos, ra konkretul
Sedegs elis igi jgufisagan, anu ra unda waradginos jgufma samuSaos
damTavrebis Semdeg (mag., zepiri moxseneba, werilobiTi Semajamebe-
li daskvna, piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatva zepirad an werilobiT
Tu sxv.); ras elis igi jgufis TiToeuli wevrisagan (mag., rigiTobis
dacvas, sxvisi azris mosmenas, koreqtulobas, sakuTari ideebisa da
Seqmnili masalis jgufis wevrebisTvis gaziarebas, jgufSi funqciebis
gadanawilebasa Tu konkretuli davalebis Sesrulebas, sxv.). amas gar-
da, moswavleebi winaswar unda gaecnon namuSevris Sefasebis kriteri-
umebsac, Tundac zogadad.
jgufuri samuSaos Catarebisas maswavleblis roli garkveulwilad
icvleba. am SemTxvevaSi igi ufro metad aris mrCeveli, fasilitato-
ri1 Tu gzis gamkvalavi da ara saswavlo procesis wamyvani eqsperti-
lideri. misi movaleobaa, SeZlebisdagvarad Seuwyos xeli moswavleTa
komunikaciisa da TanamSromlobis unarebis ganviTarebas, saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi ki konkretuli daxmareba gauwios moswavleebs. maswavlebe-
li akvirdeba muSaobis mTel processa da TiToeuli moswavlis qcevas;
samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg ki afasebs jgufur namuSevars, gaacnobs
moswavleebs (zepirad an werilobiT) dakvirvebis Sedegebs SeniSvnebis,
komentarebisa Tu rCevebis saxiT, gamokveTs dadebiT mxareebs. mniS-
vnelovania, rom Sefasebis procesSi moswavleebmac miiRon monawileo-
ba. am mizniT moswavleebs SeiZleba daurigdeT winaswar momzadebuli
kiTxvarebi rogorc jgufuri samuSaos Sesafaseblad, ise TviTSefase-
bisaTvis.
gonivrulad dagegmili da saTanadod warmarTuli jgufuri
samuSaoebis Sedegad moswavle sul ufro naklebad damokidebuli xdeba
maswavlebelze; moswavleebsa da maswavlebels Soris yalibdeba TanamS-
romlobiTi, ufro keTilganwyobili urTierTdamokidebuleba. moswav-
leebi aRmoaCenen sakuTar Zlier mxareebs, ematebaT sakuTari Zalebis
1
fasilitatori (laT. sityvidan facilis _ advili) _ piri, romlis movaleobas
warmoadgens ama Tu im procesis xelSewyoba. termini fasilitatori gamoiyeneba
ganaTlebis sistemaSi da niSnavs specifikuri gamocdilebis mqone adamians, romelic
exmareba sxvebs saswavlo miznebis miRwevaSi. Cvens SemTxvevaSi, fasilitatorma-
maswavlebelma unda uzrunvelyos jgufuri komunikaciisa da jgufuri samuSaos
warmatebiT ganxorcieleba.
10
rwmena, ezrdebaT TviTSefaseba, rac maT daexmareba damoukidebeli
muSaobisTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi.
b) mTel klasTan muSaoba _ esaa maswavlebelze orientirebuli mid-
goma, romelic gamoiyeneba eqsplicituri swavlebisaTvis _ informaci-
is misawodeblad da konkretuli strategiebis2 saswavleblad. magaliT-
ad, sanam moswavleebi mcire jgufebSi an damoukideblad Seudgebian
muSaobas, maswavlebelma SeiZleba mTel klass misces instruqciebi da 2
saTanado axsna-ganmartebebi, moaxdinos konkretuli saswavlo amocanis
modelireba mTeli klasisaTvis, sxv.
mTel klasTan muSaoba gulisxmobs sxvadasxva saswavlo qmedebebis
Catarebas. esenia: mini-leqcia, gamokiTxva (codnis Semowmeba kiTxvebis
dasmis gziT), demonstrireba, modelireba, mini-gakveTilebis Catareba,
zogadi mimoxilva, pirdapiri swavleba3.
zemoaRniSnuli midgoma maswavlebelzea orientirebuli, magram in-
formacia da instruqciebi, romlebic pirdapir miewodeba mTel klass,
moswavleebs unda daexmaros imaSi, rom maT TandaTanobiT damoukideb
lad SeZlon sakuTari swavlis procesis warmarTva.
miuxedavad imisa, rom leqciis tipis gakveTilis Sinaarsi moswav-
leebs SeiZleba srulad ar daamaxsovrdeT, aucilebelia, rom maswav-
lebelma garkveuli periodulobiT Caataros aseTi gakveTili, radgan
igi: xels uwyobs moswavleebis warmosaxvisa da refleqsiis unarebis
ganviTarebas; uRviZebs axlis Secnobis survils; amdidrebs maT leqsi-
kas; uviTarebs stilis SegrZnebas, Txrobis kulturasa da movlenebi-
sa Tu faqtebis TanamimdevrobiT gadmocemis unars; aCvevs msjelobasa
da vrcel Txrobas. mini-leqciis gamoyeneba SeiZleba moswavleTaTvis
damatebiTi informaciis misawodeblad, ama Tu im Temis an sakiTxis
Sesajameblad, agreTve axal Temaze/sakiTxze muSaobis dasawyebad. imav
droulad, SeiZleba moewyos diskusiebic _ azrTa gacvla-gamocvla da
sxvebis mosmena uTuod erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa mos-
wavleTa kritikuli azrovnebis gasaviTareblad. xmamaRla wakiTxva mTe-
li klasisTvis (igive demonstrireba) saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs,
2
sazogadod, esa Tu is konkretuli strategia unda SeirCes dasaxuli saswavlo
miznis Sesabamisad. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac ganisazRvreba saswavlo mizani,
unda SeirCes: a) strategia, romelic daexmareba moswavleebs miznis miRwevaSi;
b) saTanado masala. Tumca aqve unda iTqvas, rom mxolod strategiebis codna
sakmarisi ar aris _ aucilebelia, maswavlebels gaaCndes saTanado Cvevebi, romlebic
saWiroa strategiebis efeqturad ganxorcielebisaTvis. dabolos, arsebiTia imis
gansazRvrac, mzad arian Tu ara moswavleebi, anu aqvT Tu ara maT saTanado codna,
unar-Cvevebi da Sesabamisi motivacia.
3 aRsaniSnavia, rom zogjer gakveTilebze am mxriv erTgvari deficiti SeiniSneba.

interaqtiuli meTodebiT metismetad gatacebas SeiZleba Sedegad mohyves
maswavleblis rolis nivelireba, rac mizanSewonili ar aris _ maswavleblis
mini-leqcia moswavleebisTvis zepiri prezentaciis erTgvari nimuSadac SeiZleba
gamodges. meore ukiduresobas warmoadgens tradiciuli `monologuri~ gakveTili.
11
mousminon da daakvirdnen, rogor zemoqmedebs adamiani sxva adamianze
enis meSveobiT _ enis gamomxatvelobiTi unaris gamoyenebiT; zogadad,
ramdenad damajereblad iyenebs adamiani enas, rogorc instruments.
g) damoukideblad muSaoba _ esaa swavlebis erT-erTi meTodi, rome-
lic maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos moswavleTa gansxvavebuli SesaZ
leblobebisa da interesebis dasakmayofileblad. aRniSnuli meTodi,
amas garda, saSualebas aZlevs maswavlebels, moaxdinos davalebaTa di-
versificireba TiToeuli moswavlis codnis donis gaTvaliswinebiT.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis koncefcia iTvaliswinebs,
rom moswavleebs garkveuli periodulobiT mieceT saSualeba, Tavad
moipovon da SearCion Temebi, masala, wyaroebi sakuTari gemovnebis,
interesebisa da saWiroebebis mixedviT.
damoukideblad kiTxvisa da weris organizebisaTvis maswavlebel-
ma unda gamoyos dro, raTa moswavleebma SeZlon damoukideblad da/
an mewyvileebTan erTad muSaoba. es SeiZleba damatebiT moiTxovdes
saswavlo sivrcis saTanadod mowyobasa da ganawilebas, aseve saTanado
resursebs imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma SeZlon arCevnis gakeTeba.
12
Tavi II
sagnis swavlebis Sinaarsobrivi sakiTxebi
sabazo da saSualo safexurebze
II.1. enis swavlebis sakiTxebi qarTuli enisa da literaturis 2

sagnobriv programaSi
(qveTavi moamzada TinaTin bolqvaZem)
enis swavlebis sxvadasxva meTodi arsebobda istoriulad. saqarTve-

loSi yvelaze xangrZlivi istoria enis izolirebulad swavlebas aqvs,
roca iqmneboda da iqmneba iseTi saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlebic miznad
isaxaven qarTuli enis fonetikis, leqsikis, morfologiisa da sintaq-
sis swavlebas ara teqstTa korpusze dafuZnebiT, aramed mxolod te-
qstis romelime mcire monakveTis, ZiriTadad ki erTi winadadebis far-
glebSi. amis gamo qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTiebsa Tu saxelm
ZRvaneloebSi mocemuli teqstebi Sordeba enobriv sakiTxebs, rac qmnis
araswor azrs cocxali enisa da literaturis cal-calke arsebobis
Sesaxeb. Tumca gadaWriT am meTodis uaryofa swori ar iqneba, radgan
garkveul asakSi konkretuli miznebis misaRwevad igi Seucvlelia Tavi-
si SedegebiT. aseve xazgasmiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom es mxolod qarTuli
realobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlena ar aris. jerac erTmaneTisagan
damoukideblad iswavleba ena da literatura bevr qveyanaSi.
enisa da literaturis (literatura am SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebu-
lia farTo gagebiT da mxolod mxatvrul teqstebs ar gulisxmobs)
mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze sando mainc semiotikuri midgomaa,
romlis mixedviT ena aris pirveladi mamodelirebeli sistema, xolo
adamianis mTeli danarCeni Semoqmedeba, rogoricaa sityvieri (proza,
poezia, miTologia da sxv.) da arasityvieri xelovneba (ferwera, qanda-
keba, arqiteqtura da sxv.), meoradi mamodelirebeli sistemebia. radgan
literatura enaze iqmneba, bunebrivad, mxatvruli nawarmoebi unda
asaxavdes enis sxvadasxva doneze moqmed kanonzomierebebs, xolo ara
mxatvruli teqstebi ki kidev ufro naTlad unda aCvenebdnen enisa da
literaturis erTianobas. swavlebis sabazo etapze mxolod garkveuli
doziT SeiZleba am erTianobis Cveneba, radgan es is droa, roca moswav-
les jer kidev uyalibdeba enobrivi alRo. amitom igi enobriv formaTa
swor arCevans mizezis gaucnobiereblad axdens. aseTi SerCeva-Sefarde-
ba gulisxmobs formaTa (sityvaTa) garkveul urTierTdamokidebule-
bas da qarTuli enis swavlebis mizanic swored aq isaxeba _ moswavlis
enobriv alRos (enis latentur codnas) Seagebos iseTi aqtivobebi,
romlebic ganaviTarebs mismexsierebas, SesaZleblobebs, gaaaqtiurebs
masSi analizis, Sedarebis, msjelobis, abstraqtuli azrovnebis unarebs.
13
es uzrunvelyofs mozardis inteleqtualur ganviTarebas, riTac de-
daenis gaucnobierebeli siyvaruli Segnebuli da gaazrebuli gaxdeba,
rac xels Seuwyobs moswavlis Tavisufal, Rirseul, moazrovne da saqmis
mcodne moqalaqed Camoyalibebas.
saliteraturo enas ZiriTadad axasiaTebs avtomatizacia. sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, saliteraturo ena cdilobs norma bolomde gaataros,
anu igi gaxados avtomaturi. amis sapirispirod poetur enas miznad,
ufro metic, TviTmiznada aqvs enobriv formaTa aqtualizacia, anu sx-
vagvarad rom vTqvaT, poeti xazs usvams, ese igi enis potencias sxva-
dasxva poeturi mizniT gmoyofs. magaliTad, taepSi _ `mTavazobdiT
dani vardT~ _ galaktion tabiZe axdens narTaniani mravlobiTis aqtu-
alizacias. miuxedavad mravlobiTi ricxvis aseTi warmoebis arqauli
elferisa, aris SemTxvevebi, romlebic aseT arqaul niuanss ar avlens.
es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis Taniani mravlobiTis naTesaobiT brunvaze.
magaliTad, formebs _ mweralTa kavSiri (mwerlebis kavSiri) an qalTa
sabWo (qalebis sabWo) ar dahkravs arqaulobis elferi, magram imave
Taniani mravlobiTis gamoyeneba micemiT brunvaSi (mTavazobdiT vardT
– mTavazobdiT vardebs) did mxatvrul efeqts iZleva. aqedan gamomdi
nare, sxvadasxva Janris teqstebze dakvirvebisa da gansxvavebuli mizan-
dasaxulobis teqstebis Seqmnisas moswavlisTvis cxadi unda gaxdes, ra
aris norma da ra funqciiT SeiZleba misi `darRveva~ an rodis miecema
normis darRvevas Secdomis kvalifikacia. es xdeba TandaTanobiT swav-
lebisas sabazo da saSualo safexurze.
enobrivi sistemis, enobrivi masalisa da sametyvelo moqmedebebis
urTierTkavSiris gaTvaliswinebiT yoveli gakveTili imgvarad unda
iyos agebuli, rom enobrivi sistema moswavles mza saxiT ki ar miewodos,
aramed man TviTon gaakeTos garkveuli daskvnebi maswavleblis xelm
ZRvanelobiT calkeul winadadebebsa Tu teqstze muSaobis procesSi,
rasac Tan sdevs Tavad moswavlis sametyvelo moqmedeba. es ki mTlianad
gansazRvrulia praqtikuli miznebiT. marTlwera (orTografia da pun-
qtuacia) da marTlmetyveleba (orToepia) uSualod erwymis fonetikis,
leqsikisa da morfologiis sakiTxebs. magram mxolod marTlmetyveli,
orTografiisa da punqtuaciis wesebis damcveli moswavlis aRzrda ro-
dia Cveni mizani. saswavlo procesSi gatarebuli unda iyos aRzrdisa
da enis swavlebis erTianobis principi da yovelnairad unda Seewyos
xeli moswavlis moralis, esTetikuri gemovnebis formirebasa da misT-
vis qarTuli enis didi gamomsaxvelobiTi Zalis Cvenebas.
enobrivi sistema yalibdeba teqstTa korpusebis Seswavlis Sedegad.
teqstebi, romlebic garda literaturismcodneobiTi miznebisa swav-
lebis dros unda gamoviyenoT rogorc enobrivi masala, romelic Tavis
mxriv, sametyvelo qmedebis Sedegia enobrivi sistemis, enobrivi masa-
lis anu teqstTa korpusisa da sametyvelo moqmedebebis urTierTkav-
Siris gaTvaliswinebiT sagakveTilo procesi igeba imgvarad, rom enob
14
rivi sistema moswavles mza saxiT ki ar miewodos, aramed man TviTon
gaakeTos garkveuli daskvnebi calkeuli winadadebebisa Tu konkretul
teqstze muSaobis procesSi, rasac Tan sdevs teqstis gageba-gaazreba
moswavlis sametyvelo qmedebebiTa da weriT. orive SemTxvevaSi mizani
praqtikulia. marTlwera (orTografia da punqtuacia) da marTlmet
yveleba (orToepia) uSualod erwymis fonetikis, leqsikis, semantikis,
morfologiis, sintaqsisa da stilis sakiTxebs, magram radgan mxolod 2
marTlmetyveli, orTografiisa da punqtuaciis wesebis damcveli mos-
wavlis aRzrda ar aris saswavlo procesis mizani, amitom es praqtiku-
li mimarTuleba dakavSirebulia sxvadasxva Janris teqstTa mraval
mxriv analizTan, riTac safuZveli eyreba aRzrdisa da enis swavlebis
erTianobis princips da yovelnairad ewyoba xeli moswavlis moralis,
esTetikuri gemovnebis formirebasa da misTvis qarTuli enis gamom-
saxvelobiTi Zalis Cvenebasa da am Zalis gamoyenebas moswavlis mier
sxvadasxva mizandasaxulobis werilobiT da zepir teqstebSi. amgvarad
miRweuli iqneba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ZiriTadi miznebi enis komu-
nikaciuri aspeqtebis gageba-gamoyenebisa da mxatvruli teqstis gage-
bisa da TviTgamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, moswavle aiTvisebs im
strategiebs, romlebic miRebulia mocemul kulturul garemoSi kama-
Tis, diskusiis, debatebisa da sakuTari azris gamoTqmisas da litera-
turis mniSvnelobis gaazrebisas adamianis SemecnebiTi, SemoqmedebiTi
da eTikuri ganviTarebisaTvis, rac, Tavis mxriv, moswavles amzadebs
iseTi werilobiTi teqstebis SeqmnisTvis, romlebSic gamomJRavndeba
misi literaturuli gemovneba, SemecnebiTi interesebi da Semoqmede-
biTi unari.
sabazo safexurze dedaenaze Seqmnili teqstebi moswavles umyarebs
Tvalsazriss, rom swored es ena asaxavs yvelaze adekvaturad gare-
samyaros, amitom Sedareba-Sepirispireba mxolod am enis farglebSi da
Tanac Zalian nTeli magaliTebiT unda xdebodes. `dedaena~ lingvistu-
ri terminia. radgan adamianis enas SeuZlia arsebuli samyaros (gare-
enobrivi sinamdvilis) cnobierebis faqtad qceva, amdenad, dedaena is
Zalaa, romelic metyvels pirvelad awvdis enobriv mniSvnelobaTa Ta-
visebur ageba-ganawilebas.
moswavlis aqtivobas Sinagani da garegani faqtorebis zemoqmede-
ba ganapirobebs. moswavlis aqtivobisaTvis saWiroa, rom mas Sesabamisi
inteleqtualuri moTxovnileba gauCndes. inteleqtualuri moTxovni-
lebis, anu Sinagani faqtoris dakmayofileba ki gakveTilze Seqmnilma
garemom, anu gareganma faqtorma, socialurma wrem unda uzrunvelyos.
gakveTilze unda Seiqmnas iseTi atmosfero, rom Sinagani da garegani
faqtorebis erTdrouli, mizanmimarTuli erTianobiT moswavlis saswav
lo ganwyoba gamoiwvios. amasTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli sxvaTa
azris mosmenis, dialogSi Cabmis, nafiqralis daxvewis unari.
swavlis motivi pirdapir gansazRvravs moswavlis gonebrivi aqti-
15
vobis donesa da mimarTulebas. mas unda hqondes gacnobierebuli da
damajerebeli pasuxi kiTxvaze _ `ratom vxarjav drosa da energias?~
sxva faqtorebTan erTad moswavle saswavlo procesma unda miiyvanos
im daskvnamde, rom igi codnis miRebisken iswrafvis, SemecnebiTi inte-
resebis dakmayofileba surs, imaze metis codna unda, vidre aqamde ico-
da; unda esmodes, rom miRebul codnas axali codnis dauflebisaTvis
gamoiyenebs. aRmoCenis sixaruli moswavleSi movlenebisa da faqtebis
mimarT xSirad gansxvavebul damokidebulebas dabadebs, rac yvelaze
Rirebulia saswavlo procesSi. swored amitom gza, romliTac moswavle
swor pasuxamde midis, yvelaze metad fasobs.
adamianisa da sxva sulieri arsebebis sakomunikacio sistemebis
Sedareba-Sepirispireba, erTi mxriv, da, meore mxriv, bgerisa da fone-
mis funqciaTa gamijvna mniSvnelovania swavlebis yvela safexurze. bge-
raTa am funqciebze dakvirveba yvelaze Sedegiani poetur teqstSi iq-
neba, radgan sariTmo taepebSi bgeraTa urTierTCanacvlebas gansakuT
rebuli semantikuri Rirebuleba aqvs. magaliTad aviRoT fragmenti
ioram qemerteliZis leqsidan `buzi buzankali~:
_ cxra mTas iqiT?
_ ara!
arc didi xnis uwin . . .
ager cxovrobs mezoblad
erTi Zunwze Zunwi.
mis ezoSi Zroxac bRavis,
dekeulic zmuis …
_ Rrut . . . Rrut . . .
_ mee . . . muu . . .
sul dgas hai-hui.
rom kvdebode, arc yvels

mogcems,
arc naRebs da rZes . . .
magram, magram
erT mSvenier dRes
_ bzz . . . bzz . . .
_ bzz . . . bzz . . .
buzankali bzuis.
_ Rrut . . . Rrut . . .
_ me . . . muu . . .
atyda hai-hui.
16
buzankalma Semoxaza wre
da zed Sublze daaskupda . . .
cxens !
_ rogor Tu cxens daajdao? -
SeiSala Zunwi,
mouRera waldi, wamovida ZurwviT, 2
daumizna,
daumizna,
mouqnia, hopla!
buzankali?
afrinda!
cxeni?
cxeni mokla...
am leqsze dakvirveba gvWirdeba sametyvelo bgeris maxasiaTeblebis
garkvevisaTvis. radgan mxolod adamianis sametyvelo bgeras SeuZlia
sityvis mniSvnelobisa da formis Secvla, xolo sxva cocxali arsebebis
sasignalo komunikacia SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad iqnas interpretire-
buli. es leqsi gamodgeba erTi mxriv, xmabaZviT sityvebze (bzz... bzz;
Rrut... Rrut; meee... mu; hai-hui) da, meore mxriv, riTmaze dasakvir-
veblad (uwin _ Zunwi; bRavis _ zmuis, hai-hui; rZes _ dRes da sxva). es
leqsi aseve kargi saSualebaa tropis erT-erT saxeze _ gameorebaze
_ dasakvirveblad. aq gameoreba xdeba leqsis yvela doneze, rogorc
taepSi, ise mTeli strofic meordeba eqspresiisTvis.
adamianisa da sxva cocxali arsebebis sasignalo komunikaciis max-
asiaTebelTa gasamijnad moswavleebs SeiZleba mieceT davaleba _ Seq
mnan informacia kedlis gazeTisTvis. am miznis misaRwevad moswavleebs
unda mieceT dawvrilebiT gawerili instruqcia da Tval-yuri unda
vadevnoT, rogor asruleben samuSaos yvela doneze, sanam moZiebuli
informacia ukve kedlis gazeTis nawili gaxdeba.
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moamzadon masala Temaze: ro-
gor gadascemen informacias mwerebi, frinvelebi, cxovelebi Tu wylis
binadrebi da amis safuZvelze Seqmnan kedlis gazeTi. maswavlebeli
moswavleebs muSaobis dawyebamde aZlevs rCevebsa da rekomendaciebs:
I. informaciuli teqstis daweramde:
a) moswavleebma unda Seqmnan ramdenime TanaklaselTan erTad
samuSao jgufi;
b) maT biblioTekaSi unda moiZion wignebi, romlebSic moTxrobilia
saintereso ambebi mwerebis, frinvelebisa Tu cxovelebis Sesaxeb, aRwe
rilia maTi Tvisebebi an mocemulia sxva saxis informacia. moswavleebs
SeuZliaT saWiro informacia moiZion an gaixsenon sabunebismetyvelo
17
sagnebis saxelmZRvaneloebidan, riTac gavxazavT saganTa Soris kavSirs.
g) moswavleebma unda daamuSaon es wignebi: baraTebze amoweron maT-
Tvis saWiro masala, miuTiTon romeli wignidan amoiweres igi, vin aris
wignis an werilis avtori, romel wels aris wigni gamocemuli, romel
gverdzea informacia.
d) amis Semdeg jgufis wevrebma erTmaneTs unda gaacnon masala,
imsjelon da SearCion ufro saintereso sakiTxebi (moswavleebma unda
gaiTvaliswinon, rom masalis moZiebasa da damuSavebas unda moandomon
araumetes erTi kvirisa, amitom maT unda dagegmon samuSao ise, rom
droSi Caetion).
II. mas Semdeg, rac masalas daamuSaveben, jgufis wevrebi erTad
moifiqreben gazeTis saxelwodebas. miuTiTeben ricxvsa da wels; danom-
raven gazeTs. teqsts gaukeTeben iseT saTaurs, rom daaintereson
mkiTxveli. moswavleebi yofen masalas nawilebad, asaTaureben TiToeul
nawils (saTaurebi iwereba gansxvavebuli asoebiT) da gadaaqvT masala
didi formatis qaRaldze.
amis Semdeg moswavleebi gaaformeben nawers rac SeiZleba meti naxa-
tiT, fotoTi, gaukeTeben maT warwerebs; bolos miuTiTeben, vin imuSava
teqstis Sedgenasa da gazeTis gaformebaze da gamofinen mas klasSi.
III. gazeTis gamofenis Semdeg moswavleebi gaecnobian Tanaklasel-
Ta namuSevrebs, daweren furcelze sakuTar STabeWdilebebs da nawers
Caagdeben specialurad momzadebul yuTSi, raTa yvelas hqondes sa-
Sualeba, gaecnos erTmaneTis mosazrebas da gaiTvaliswinos gazeTis
Semdegi nomris momzadebis dros.
es aqtivoba ZiriTadad meSvideklaselebisTvis aris gamiznuli da
moswavleebs aZlevs saSualebas auditoriis winaSe warmoadginon saku-
Tari azri, amas garda, sazogadoebas gaacnon, rogor moipoves esa Tu
is informacia da ra gza gaiares, sanam im saxes miscemdnen teqsts, rom
igi kedlis gazeTisTvis gamosadegi yofiliyo. amiT miRweuli iqneba
kiTxvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizani _ sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli
da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari
damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
leqsikologia
saliteraturo ena da dialeqtizmebi
leqsikis swavlebis dros sabazo safexurze erT-erTi umniSvnelo-
vanesi sakiTxia dialeqtur da saliteraturo enaSi damkvidrebul sity-
vebs Soris mimarTebis Cveneba. aqtivobaTa didi nawili orientirebuli
unda iyos imaze, rom moswavleTa metyveleba gaTavisufldes diale-
qturi sityvebisagan, garda im SemTxvevevbisa, roca es aucilebelia
TviT saliteraturo enis ganviTarebisaTvis. erT-erTi xSirad gamoye-
nebuli aqtivoba unda iyos cxrilebis gamoyeneba, romlebSic naCvenebi
18
iqneba dialeqturi TvalsazrisiT ra warmoSobisaa is sityvebi, romle-
bic damkvidrdnen saliteraturo qarTulSi. magaliTad:
saliteraturo aRmosavlur dasavlur

qarTulSi dialeqtebSi dialeqtebSi
damkvidrebuli gavrcelebuli gavrcelebuli
2
papa/babua papa babua
loqo loqo Rlavi
TaTara/felamuSi TaTara felamuSi
CurCxela CurCxela janjuxa
orRobe orRobe Suka
bebia/dideda dideda bebia
amas garda, moswavleebs unda mieceT davalebad sinonimuri sityve-

bidan TviTon amoicnon, romelia saliteraturo qarTulSi miRebuli
leqsikuri erTeuli. magaliTad, am wyvilebidan Zneli ar unda iyos,
saliteraturo sityvebis amocnoba.
knuti – cindali Tirkmeli – WaWa Crdili – Cero
xoSkakala – sityva Txunela – fuRu saini – TefSi
Tu klasSi iqneba moswavle, romelsac gauWirdeba dialeqturi da
saliteraturo sityvebis gamijvna, maSin saWiroa Semdeg gakveTilebze
aseTi davalebebis gameoreba.
moswavleTa leqsikis srulyofisaTvis aranakleb mniSvnelo-
vania maTi metyvelebis gawmenda disfemizmebisagan. amisTvis xSirad
unda xdebodes iseT dubletur an tripletur sityvebze yuradRebis
gamaxvileba, romelTagan erT-erTi neitraluri da evfemisturi for-
maa. es aucilebelia, raTa moswavle SeeCvios zrdilobian metyvelebas,
daicvas sametyvelo etiketi, es Tviseba gadaezardos CvevaSi. amisTvis
erT-erTi aqtivoba SeiZleba iyos moswavleebTan evfemizmisa da disfe-
mizmis ganmarteba saTanado sailustracio masalis CvenebiT.
sametyvelo situacia: evfemizmi da disfemizmi

eufemio berZnuli sityvaa da moridebas, mokrZalebas niSnavs. evfe-
misturi sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis gamoyenebiT metyveleba mokrZale-
buli, moridebuli, zrdilobiani xdeba.
evfemizmis sapirispiro cnebaa disfemizmi, romelic mouridebel si-
tyvebsa da gamoTqmebs gulisxmobs.
magaliTisTvis gTavazobT sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis cxrils:
19
neitraluri evfemisturi disfemisturi
modi mobrZandi moeTrie
dajeqi dabrZandi daegde
Wame miirTvi xeTqe
ra Tqvi? ra brZaneT? ra wamoroSe?
sasurvelia aq mocemuli TiToeuli sityvisa da gamoTqmis gamoyenebis

distribuciis Cveneba konkretuli socialuri viTarebis Sesabamisad.
sityvis mniSvnelobis cvla

leqsikologiis sakiTxebis swavlebisas sasurvelia yuradRebis ga-
maxvileba sityvaTa mniSvnelobebis istoriul cvalebadobaze.
droTa ganmavlobaSi sityvis mniSvneloba SeiZleba Seicvalos. amis
sailustraciod maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaecnon sityvis
mniSvnelobis cvlis magaliTebs cxrilSi:
sityva axali mniSvneloba Zveli mniSvneloba

mecnieri swavluli, mkvlevari nacnobi
saydari qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis mefeTa,
Senoba mRvdelmTavarTa
taxti
cxedari micvalebulis gvami sawoli
medgari Zlieri, mtkice, mamaci, zarmaci
Seupovari
niWi adamianis bunebrivi unari saCuqari
sityvis mniSvneloba SeiZleba gafarTovdes. magaliTad:

 rveuli aRniSnavda rva furclis Sekvras. dRes rveuli SeiZleba
asfurclianic iyos.
 melani aRniSnavda Savi feris sawer siTxes, dRes melani nebismi-
eri feris saweri siTxea.
leqsikologia-semantikis sakiTxebis swavleba moswavles sa-
Sualebas miscems amoicnos teqstis enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi an/da
avtoris enobrivi mizandasaxuloba (ix. qarTuli enisa da literaturis
sagnobrivi standarti, Sedegi VII.9).
20
morfologia
formacvalebadi sityvebi
qarTuli enis swavlebis sabazo safexurze saWiroa moswavleTa
yurad Rebis gamaxvileba formacvalebad metyvelebis nawilTa grama-
tikul kategoriebze. magaliTad, saxelebis SemTxvevaSi, aseTia brunva
da ricxvi. sasurvelia, am or kategoriasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi
2
SedarebiT dawvrilebiT iqnes ganxiluli, radgan kumSva-kvecis Tval-
sazrisiT qarTuli enis aRmosavluri da dasavluri dialeqtebi gansx-
vavdebian erTmaneTisagan. qarTuli saliteraturo ena aRmosavlur
dialeqtebs misdevs maSin, roca dasavlur dialeqtebs saxelis kumSva
da kveca ar axasiaTebs. magaliTad, imeruli dialeqtisTvis bunebrivia:
foTolis, mgelis, wyalis, xeis da ase Semdeg, rac, Tavis mxriv, megru-
lis gvalenis Sedegi unda iyos. amis sapirispirod aRmosavleT saqarT-
velos baris dialeqtebSi Zalian xSiria kumSva TviT iseT SemTxveveb-
Sic ki, roca saliteraturo qarTuli kumSvas ar uSvebs. magaliTad,
operis-opris. aqedan gamomdinare, gakveTilis dagegmvis dros provo-
cirebis etapzeve SeiZleba moswavleebs gamovayenebinoT sqema `vici _
minda vicode _ viswavle~. maswavlebelma moswavleebs sqemis pirveli
(`vici~) da meore (`minda vicode~) svetebi unda Seavsebinos. moswavlee-
bi Camoweren Tezisebis saxiT yvelafers, rac ician an surT, rom icod-
nen miTiTebuli Temis Sesaxeb. magaliTad:
vici minda vicode viswavle

arsebiTi rogor icvleba fuZe saxelis fuZe SeiZleba
saxeli brunebis dros SeikumSos an Seikvecos
ibrunvis
mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebs ecodinebaT yvela saxelis bruneba da

ricxvis warmoebis Taviseburebani, saWiroa saxelebis tipologiuri er-
Tianobis Cveneba, risTvisac gamodgeba damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis ana
lizi.
ufro Sedegiani iqneba teqstSi gamoyenebuli formebis ganzogade-
ba maTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT. magaliTad, roca moswav-
les ukve naswavli aqvs saxelebi, maSin konkretul teqstze dafuZnebiT
SeiZleba SevTavazoT aseTi aqtivoba: erT-erTi moswavle dafaze verti-
kalurad Camowers Sesadarebel metyvelebis nawilebs, meore moswavle
mTeli klasis TanamonawileobiT horizontalurad dawers saxelebis
Tvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs, romelTa qoneba-uqonlobiT unda gaimij
nos saxelebi qarTulSi.
21
magaliTad:
metyvelebis forma- for- ibrun- aqvs kiTxvebi
nawilebi cval. ma-ucv. vis mr. vin? ra? ro- rome- ram- meram-
r. gori? li? deni? dene?
arsebiTi + + + + + + _ _ _ _
saxeli
zedsarTavi + + + + _ _ + + _ _
saxeli
ricxviTi + + + _ _ _ _ + +
saxeli
SeniSvna: + niSniT aRiniSneba is maxasiaTebeli, romelic bunebrivia

ama Tu im saxelisTvis, _ niSani Sesabamisad am maxasiaTeblis arqonaze
miuTiTebs. aseve SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos kiTxvis niSani _ ? im maxa-
siaTeblis aRsaniSnavad, romelic ar axsovT an ar gauvliaT, raTa Sem-
deg es sakiTxi specialuri msjelobis sagnad iqces.
es meTodi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT provocirebis etapzec im SemTx-
vevaSi, roca, magaliTad, ricxviTi saxeli jer ar aris srulad Ses-
wavlili sabazo safexurze da moswavleebs mxolod varaudis gamoTq-
ma SeuZliaT. sakiTxis gaanalizebis Semdeg ki, anu gaazrebis etapze,
aucilebelia sqemaSi Sesworebebis Setana.
roca sakuTriv konkretuli saxelebis Sedareba gvinda SevTavazoT
moswavleebs, maSin Zalian Sedegiani iqneba venis diagramis gamoyeneba. am
aqtivobiT gamoCndeba saxelebis msgavseba-gansxvaveba. maswavlebeli wi-
naswar irCevs Sesadarebel sityvebs mTeli klasis aqtivobiT da dafaze
dawerili TiToeuli sityvis qvemoT xazavs or urTierTgadamkveT wres.
wreSi Caiwereba TiToeuli sityvis maxasiaTeblebi, xolo wreTa gadakve-
Tis adgilas Caiwereba orive sityvisTvis saziaro maxasiaTeblebi.
venis diagramis nimuSi:
22
sabazo safexurze gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa iseT sakiTxebze
yuradRebis gamaxvileba, romlebic moswavles Camouyalibebs sworad
werisa da marTlmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebs. erT-erTi aseTi sakiTxia
kompozitTa Sedgeniloba da marTlwera. kompozitTa Seqmnisa da maTi
identificerebisaTvis gamodgeba aseTi aqtivoba. moswavleebs eZle-
vaT kompozitTa CamonaTvali da moeTxovebaT wyvilebad an jgufurad
gaanawilon isini winaswar momzadebul cxrilSi. 2
kompozitebis marTlwera
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daajgufon CamoTvlili rTuli
sityvebi cxrilis mixedviT:
sulTamxuTavi WikWiki Tavisufali

RuRuni wverxmeli axalgazrda
morTul-mokazmuli wkapwkapi xel-fexi
TanamoZme Zirfesvianad yofa-cxovreba
dedamiwa Tavdapirvelad qamarxanjliani
marcvalTa sityvaTa SeerTebiT miRebuli kompozitebi

gameorebiT
miRebuli xmabaZviTi kompozitis pirveli
kompozitis pirveli
kompozitebi nawili ama Tu im
nawili fuZea
brunvis formaa
kompozitTa Sedgenilobisa da dawerilobis Sesaxeb codnis gasam-

yareblad SeiZleba analogiebis gamoyeneba, rac erT-erTi efeqturi sa-
Sualebaa aseTi miznis misaRwevad:
aseT SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daakvirdnen ni-
muSebs da daadginon, ra mimarTebaa kompozotebs Soris. maT unda ipov-
on nimuSis msgavsi wyvili.
nimuSi I: zne-Cveuleba _ sicil-kiskisi
a. far-xmali _ Tval-warbi
b. mindor-veli _ unar-Cveva
g. dila-saRamo _ mTa-bari
23
nimuSi II: xuroTmoZRvari _ varskvlavTmricxveli
a. saWeTmpyrobeli _ kacTmoyvare
b. sworupovari _ fexmardi
g. keTilsindisieri _ pirmrgvali.
nimuSi III: lukmapuri _ purmarili

a. guTnisdeda _ cisartyela
b. filTaqva _ mkaTaTve
g. cixesimagre _ xariremi
zmna
zmnis seriebisa da mwkrivebis tradiciuli formiT miwodeba moswav-
leebisTvis Seqmnis sxvadasxva saxis sirTules. amitom umjobesia mos-
wavleebi specialurad SerCeuli teqstis mixedviT daakvirdnen zmnis
dros, kilosa da aspeqts ise, rom yuradReba miaqcion, rodis xdeba
moqmedeba, ra mimarTebaa zmniT gamoxatul moqmedebas, Tqmis momentsa
da moqmedebis Sedegs Soris. am TvalsazrisiT yvelaze Sedegiani warsu-
li drois zmnebze dakvirveba iqneba.
warsuli dro kiTxvebi zmnis forma

moqmedeba xdeboda ras Svreboda? werda
Tqmamde garkveuli
drois ganmavlobaSi
moqmedeba moxda, magram wera
Sedegi Tqmis momantSi
gaurkvevelia. ra qna?
moqmedeba dasrulda dawera

da Sedegi saxezea Tqmis
momentSi.
Sedegi migviTiTebs ra uqnia? dauweria (Turme)
warsulSi (Tqmamde)
momxdar faqtze.
sasurveli an aucile- ra eqna? daewera (netav / unda
beli iyo zmniT ga-
moxatuli moqmedebis / rom)
Sesruleba warsulSi.
24
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, am cxrilis gamoyenebiT gansaz-
Rvron, ras gamoxatavs qvemoT mocemul teqstSi gamoyenebuli TiToeu-
li zmnis forma.
`me kaspidan vbrundebodi giglas manqaniT. giglam gzisken mimaxeda.
ferdobze Svlis qandakeba idga. gamikvirda, radgan Tbilisidan moma-
vals es qandakeba ar SemimCnevia. manqanis gaCereba vTxove giglas. mi-
vuaxlovdi Tu ara, saswauli moxda. qandakeba dafrTxa da frutuniTa 2
da Cliqebis TqaraTquriT jagnarSi Sevarda. gana marto iyo, mTeli
jogi mihyva Tan.
male gavige, iqauroba nakrZalad gamoucxadebiaT da amitom Svlis
jogic karga xania gamoCenila da momravlebula~.
(nodar dumbaZe)
moswavleebma unda imuSaon wyvilebad, waikiTxon teqsti da TiToeul
zmnasTan dakavSirebiT gaakeTon komentari: cxrilis mixedviT ra kiTxva
pasuxobs zmna da rogoria zmniT gaoxatuli moqmedebis damokidebule-
ba Tqmis momentTan da moqmedebis SedegTan.
calke saubrisa da dakvirvebis sagnad unda iqces fuZemonacvle

zmnebi. calk-calke unda gamaxvildes yuradReba pirSi monacvle, dro-
Si fuZemonacvle da ricxvSi fuZemonacvle zmnebze, ras sabolood
SeiZleba Camoyalibdes cxrilis saxiT, romlis carieli ujrebi moswav-
leebma unda Seavson:
# zmnebi pirSi monacvle droSi fuZemonacvle ricxvSi

fuZemonacvle
1. aris gaxlavs iyo iqneba -
2. vagdeb
3. midis
4. Tqva
5. dajda
6. xar
7. Wama
8. abia
9. aZlev
10. vtex
roca moswavleebs daubrkoleblad SeuZliaT konkreul teqsteb-

Si gamoyenebuli zmnebis pirianobis, ricxvis, dro-kilosa da aspeqtis
dadgena, sasurvelia zmnis garCeva qvemoT mocemuli nimuSis mixedviT:
25
zmna pirTa gardamavloba ricxvi dro kilo aspeqti
raodenoba
gardauv.
gard.
erTp.
wars.
samp.
kavS.
Txr.
orp.
usr.
axl.
mom.
brZ.
sr.
mr.
mx.
aaRwevda + - - - + + - - + - + - - + -
dahyveboda
moTvlis
SeebrZola
daZlia
miapobda
miiwevda
sintaqsi
winadadebis gavrcoba
sintaqsis swavlebisas erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia winadade-
bebis gavrcoba.
1. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs ganavrcon iseTi winadadebebi,
romelTa wevrebi mxolod qvemdebare da Semasmenelia. Tan moswavleebs
aZlevs am saxis instruqciebs:
gavrcobisas: a) gaarkvieT, ramdenpiriani zmniT aris gadmocemu-
li Semasmeneli. aRadgineT winadadebaSi yvela piris fardi saxelebi;
b) daumateT sityvebi, romlebic miuTiTeben sagnis Tvisebaze da moq-
medebis droze, adgilze an viTarebaze, kuTvnilebaze.
nimuSi:
mefem moixmo. moixmo man is (Svili)
rogor? _ saswrafod
visi? _ Tavisi
rodis? _ erT dRes
rogorma mefem? _ dauZlurebulma
erT dRes dauZlurebulma mefem saswrafod moixmo Tavisi Svili.
1. mama darwmunda.
2. ufliswulma daarwmuna.
26
3. qveSevrdomebma moaxsenes.
2. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, moifiqron oTxi sampiriani
zmna da maTi saSualebiT Seadginon winadadebebi, romlebsac Semdeg ga-
moiyeneben Semasmenlad da zmnis pirebis fard saxelebad. amas mosdevs
maswavleblis instruqciebi: ganavrceT Tqven mier Sedgenili winadadebe-
bi: zedsarTavi saxelebiT, nacvalsaxelebiT, moqmedebis dros, viTarebisa
da adgilis gamomxatveli sityvebiT. 2
sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Seqmna

marTalia, teqstis maxasiaTeblebze msjeloba da dakvirveba ufro
efeqtiani swavlebis saSualo safexurzea, magram mcire formatis
teqstebis Sedgenaze muSaoba saWiroa swavlebis yvela doneze gansa-
kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania egreT wodebuli saqmiani qaRaldebis Sedge-
na, radgan moswavles yoveldRiurad uxdeba aseTi saxis sainformacio
teqstebis kiTxva.
axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTis Sedgena

moswavleebs eZlevaT asarCevad ori SemTxveva:
1. biblioTekidan gamotanili wignis dakargva.
2. gakveTilebis dros skolis Senobis unebarTvod datoveba.
sanam moswavleebi weras daiwyeben, maswavlebeli aZlevs rCevas,

moifiqron, ra viTarebaSi SeeZloT daekargaT wigni an ris gamo SeiZle-
boda gaecdinaT gakveTilebi.
moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba, SearCion erT-erTi SemTxveva da dawe
ron axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi pirvel SemTxvevaSi biblioTekis gamgis
saxelze, meoreSi _ skolis direqtoris saxelze. baraTSi aucileblad
unda aRniSnon, ras iTxoven.
aseTive saqmian teqstebs miekuTvneba gamafrTxilebeli gancxadebac.
maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs iseTi gamafrTxilebeli gancxa-
debebis Sedgenas, romlebic gaikvreba baRebTan, gazonebTan, sacxovre
bel SenobebTan an dawesebulebebSi.
maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs Semdeg instruqciebs:
• imuSaon jgufurad;
• waikiTxon qvemoT mocemuli nimuSebi. cal-calke amoweron kate-
goriuli akrZalvisa da Txovnis gamomxatveli gamafrTxilebeli
gancxadebebi;
• isaubron jgufis wevrebTan, CamoTvlilTagan romel gancxadebaSi
ar Cans keTilganwyoba:
27
ar ixmauroT!
nu ixmaurebT!
xmauri akrZalulia!
gTxovT, nu ixmaurebT!
gmadlobT, rom ar xmaurobT!
• imuSaon damoukideblad. nimuSis mixedviT Seadginon gancxadebebi.
• gamafrTxilebeli gancxadebebisTvis gamoiyenon warTqmiTi da
ukuTqmiTi brZanebiTi winadadebebi. ecadon, rom maT mier Sedge-
nil gancxadebebSi Candes keTilganwyoba mkiTxvelisadmi.
• imuSaon jgufurad, SearCion saintereso gancxadebebi da gadaita-
non didi formatis qaRaldze, gaaformon Sesabamisad da gaakran
saklaso oTaxSi.
• klaselebma Seafason erTmaneTs namuSevrebi da isaubron, ratom
SeirCa esa Tu is brZanebiTi winadadeba; sad da ra mizniT SeiZleba
ama Tu im gancxadebis gamoyeneba.
anotacia da katalogi
erTia teqstis gamamTlianebel saSualebebze msjeloba da maTze da-
kvirveba, magram, meore, aranakleb mniSvnelovania, sxva mkiTxvelebis
Tvis informaciis miwodeba ama Tu im wignis Sesaxeb anotaciis saxiT da
biblioTekaSi wignis moZieba katalogis gamoyenebiT. es Cvevebi wignieri
adamianisaTvis aucilebelia. Sesabamisad, am saxis davalebebi moswav-
leebs swavlebis yvela doneze unda mieceT maTi asakisa da aqtivobis
sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT.
maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rom anotaciaSi mocemulia ramde
nime informacia avtorze da wignis mokle Sinaarsi Sefasebis darTviT.
amis Semdeg moswavleebs davalebad eZlevaT maT mier ukve Seswavli-
li nawarmoebis anotaciis Sedgena jgufuri muSaobis gziT.
moswavleebs davalebis Sesrulebamde eZlevaT Semdegi instruqciebi:
• cal-calke baraTebze amoiwereT moTxrobebis, leqsebis, igavebis
avtorebi, saTaurebi, saxelmZRvanelos Tavi da gverdebi.
• mokled CamoayalibeT amave baraTebze:
o ra Temazea nawarmoebi;
o ras eqceva mTavari yuradReba;
o vis daainteresebs igi.
maswavlebeli sTxovs ramdenime moswavles, waikiTxon klasSi maT
mier Seqmnili anotaciebi.
amis Semdeg moswavleebi alageben baraTebs anbanze avtorTa gvare-
bis mixedviT, ris Sedegadac miiReben katalogs.
28
maswavlebeli ganumartavs moswavleebs katalogis funqcias, maga
liTad, ase: katalogi wignebis garkveuli wesiT Sedgenili CamonaTvalia.
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli avalebs, rom skolis biblioTekaSi kata
logis gamoyenebiT moZebnon romelime maTTvis saintereso wigni da
daakvirdnen, rogor ipoves es wigni katalogSi; ra wesebi daicves wignis
uSecdomod mignebisaTvis. miRebuli gamocdileba maT meore dRes unda
gauziaron Tanaklaselebs. yuradReba unda mieqces wignis Ziebas avto- 2
ris, redaqtoris an saTauris mixedviT. ganemartos moswavleebs Tema
turi katalogis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi.
teqstis lingvistikis sakiTxebi

saSualo safexurze swavlebisas maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs
waikiTxon `vefxistyaosnis~ mocemuli nawyveti da daakvirdnen 83-e
strofis pirveli taepi romeli strofis taepebTan amyarebs kavSirs
wminda leqsikur doneze.
29
83-e strofis pirvel taepSi xazgasmulia sami erTeuli: naxes, sin-
tagma _ ucxo moyme da mtirali. Semdeg daZebnilia es leqsikuri ele
mentebi romel taepebSi meordeba da ra saxiT. magaliTad, naxva da
ucxo sxvadasxva saxiT meordeba Semdeg taepebSi:
83,1: naxes ucxo moyme vinme jda mtirali wylisa pirsa
84,4: naxes da naxva moundaT ucxosa sanaxavisa
pirvel taepSi mocemuli informacia sxvadasxva variaciiT meordeba
danarCen taepebSi. naxes da naxva moundaT ucxosa sanaxavisa _ alitera-
ciaa. ucxo am ori taepis garda meordeba 87-e strofis mesame taepSic.
ara mxolod erTi da imave sityvis an sintagmis gameoreba xdeba,
aramed erTmaneTTan gadaZaxili aqvT saerTo mniSvnelobis sityvebsac,
romelTagan TiToeuli sxvadasxva xarisxiT gamoxatavs erTsa da imave
mniSvnelobas. magaliTad, 83-e strofis meoTxe taepis `gulsa mduRrad
anatirsa~ meordeba 85-e strofis pirvel taepSi `ymisa gulmduRari-
sad~, Tumca sityva `tirili~ da masTan semantikurad dakavSirebuli
leqsikuri erTeulebi gansaxilvel nawyvetSi cota namdvilad ar aris:
83,3: cremlsa vardi daeTrTvila, gulsa mduRrad anatirsa;
85,2: TavCamogdebiT mtirlisa;
86,4: igi tirs;
87,4: cremlsa sisxli ereoda;
88,3: arca daagdo tirili.
aqve sasurvelia maswavlebelma gamoiyenos gamdidrebuli minileqci-
is meTodi da moswavleebs miawodos informacia tirilis aRmosavluri
metaforis saSualebiT gadmocemis Taobaze, miT umetes, rom `vefxis
tyaosnis~ gansaxilvelad aRebul nawilSi gamoyenebulia aRmosavluri
metafora: `cremlsa vardi daeTrTvila~. am tipis metaforebi rusTve
lisTvis Cveulebrivia:
TvalTa cremlni gardmocvivdes, guli ufro auCuqda,
monaqrolman vardi dazra, wamwamTagan buqi buqda (986, 2-3);
an kidev:
mun cremlni, misgan nadenni, qvaTaca dasalbonia,
giSrisa tevrsa agubebs, vardisa velsa fonia (1254, 1-2).
gamdidrebuli minileqciis dros moswavleebTan am sakiTxze saub
risas yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebas, rom rusTveli ganicdis
sparsul samijnuro TxzulebaTa yvelaze arsebiTi Strixis gavlenas _
ukiduresobamde misuli grZnobis qcevas esTetikur faqtad. am SemTx-
vevaSi yuradReba unda mieqces tirilis aRmosavluri metaforebiT
gadmocemis SemTxvevebs. magaliTad:
gijobs, cudad nuRara stir, vardi kvlamca rad dastene? (382 (379), 3)
amad tirs, baRi vardisa cremliTa aivseboda (48 (47), 3)
30
cremlsa setyvs da vardsa azrobs, wamwamTagan moqris buqi (1143,4)
brolsa setyvs da vardsa azrobs, tansa mWevrsa aTrTolebda (139
(138), 3)
vardsa zeda yornis bolo namsa Txelsa apkurebda (1362, 3)
am taepebSi vardi, baRi vardisa da mina saxes aRniSnavs, nargisni
_ Tvalebs, xolo broli da Txeli nami _ wamwamebs. sparsul poezi-
2
as savaldebulo saxeebis, metafora-Sedarebebis mTeli sistema aqvs,
risTvisac sityvebis mudmivi fondi gaaCnia. bevri maTgani damkvidrda
qarTuli enis leqsikaSi sparsuli kulturis gacnobisa da aTvisebis
procesSi. es simboloebi imdenad arian dakavSirebuli saganTan, rom-
lis metaforas isini warmoadgenen, rom Tavisi ZiriTadi mniSvnelo-
bis gverdiT poeziis eniT Seqmnil meoreul mniSvnelobasac iZenen. ase
magaliTad, nargizi leqsikonebSi ganmartebulia, rogorc yvavili da,
amave dros, rogorc lamazi Tvali. meore mniSvneloba nargizisa meta-
forulia. sparsul lirikaSi sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli es metafora-
Sedarebebi ganpirobebulia sparsuli azrovnebis ZiriTadi principebiT
_ dekoratiulobiT, xatovnebiTa da feradovnebiT. rogorc aRmosav-
leTmcodne daviT kobiZe wers, marTalia, iraneli poetebi firdousam-
de da firdousis Semdegac Tvalebis aRmniSvnelad nargisebs iyeneben da
tirils, cremlebis Rvras nargisTagan margalitebis, wylis an vercx-
liswylis gadmoRvras adareben, magram arc erTi iraneli poeti ar asu-
la am metaforis (Tvali-nargisi) mxatvruli gaazrebis (da amrigad ti-
rilis mxatvrulad warmodgenis) TvalsazrisiT rusTvelis simaRleze:
nargisni quxan, cremlsa wvims, Carcxis brolsa da minasa (975,4) .
xSirad realobis romelime faqtis (am SemTxvevaSi _ tirilis) gad-
momcemi zmnis an frazeologizmis azrs momdevno taepSi Slis da av
rcobs aRmosavluri metafora, magaliTad:
ese Tqva, nelad atirda da wvima Tovlsa aria,
nargisTa iZvris borio, vardsa zravs, ianvaria (1455 (1456), 3-4)
wvima cxare tiriliT gamowveuli cremlebia, Tovli _ TeTri piri-
saxe; nargizni _ Tvalebi, nargizebidan (Tvalebidan) aZruli borio
cremlebis wvimiT susxavs, zravs Rawvebs (vards). WeSmaritad susxiani
ianvris peizaJiao, _ askvnis rusTveli mSvenieri poeturi Sedarebis
niadagze. `vefxistyaosanSi~ aSkaraa sparsuli esTetikuri gemovnebis
gavlenis kvali. magram rusTveli ar aris sparsuli skolis brma mim-
devar, igi SemoqmedebiTad iTvisebs da gardaqmnis aRmosavlur meta-
foras.
31
II.2. teqstebi qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobriv
programaSi
skolis sabazo da saSualo safexurebze qarTuli enisa da liter-
aturis sagnobrivi programa moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, gaecnon,
daamuSaon, gaiazron da Seqmnan iseTi teqstebi, romlebic Tanamedrove
samyaroSi maT srulfasovani komunikaciisa da enobrivi operirebis sa-
Sualebas miscems. amdenad, sagnis swavlebis samive mimarTuleba, rom-
lebic iTvaliswinebs zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris unar-Cveve-
bis ganviTarebas, swored amgvar teqstebs efuZneba.
enis swavlebis, zogadad, enobrivi kompetenciebis srulfasovnad
ganviTarebis ZiriTad sayrdens warmoadgens teqsti. masala, romlis
swavlebac gaTvaliswinebulia skolis sabazo da saSualo safexureb-
ze, moicavs urTierTgansxvavebuli formebiT gadmocemuli sxvadasxva
tipis mxatvrul Tu aramxatvrul teqstebs. es formebia: zepiri, wer-
ilobiTi (beWduri), vizualuri, multimediuri, an Sereuli. sxvadasxva
formisa da Sinaarsis teqstebs moswavleebi Tavadac qmnian.
zepiri teqstebi (Txroba, moxseneba, diskusia, saubari da a.S.) gamoi-
yeneba bevr sxvadasxva sakomunikacio situaciaSi (igive sametyvelo kon-
teqstSi), maT Soris, yofiT, araoficialur Tu formalur garemoSi,
mosaubresTan an msmenelTan uSualo Tu distanciuri urTierTobisas.
gakveTilze moswavleebs unda mieceT saSualeba, laparakisa da mosmen-
isTvis gamoiyenon sxvadasxva pragmatuli Tu esTetikuri miznis mqone,
sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis gankuTvnili zepiri teqstebi. sxvadasxvag-
vari zepiri teqstebis mosmenisa da Seqmnis gziT, informaciis miRebas-
Tan da gadacemasTan erTad, moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT, daamyaron
urTierTobebi sxva adamianebTan da, rac mniSvnelovania, Camouyalib-
deT sakuTari Tavis rwmena, ukeT gaicnon sakuTari Tavi da ganuviTar-
deT TviTSefasebis unari.
moswavleebi ara mxolod kiTxuloben, aramed qmnian kidec weril-
obiT teqstebs. isini kiTxuloben mxatvrul literaturas siamovnebis
miRebis Tu codnis gaRrmavebis mizniT. maT aseve uwevT mravalgvari
sainformacio, dargobrivi Tu pragmatuli xasiaTis teqstebis gacnoba
sxvadasxva mizniT. amasTanave, moswavleebi Tavad qmnian gansxvavebuli
tipis teqstebs, romlebSic isini gadmoscemen sakuTar mosazrebebsa da
damokidebulebebs Seswavlili mxatvruli nawarmoebebisa Tu sxvadasxva
aqtualuri Temebis Sesaxeb, aRweren konkretul movlenas, gvawvdian
informacias, gviziareben sakuTar Tu sxvaTa gamocdilebas an gvar
wmuneben sakuTari Sexedulebebis marTebulobaSi. imisaTvis, rom mos-
wavleebma miiRon mdidari enobrivi gamocdileba da warmatebiT gadaw
yviton sakiTxavi Tu weriTi amocanebi, aucilebelia, rom saswavlo
procesSi maT Sexeba hqondeT rac SeiZleba mravalferovan werilobiT
teqstebTan.
32
vizualuri teqstebi, iseve rogorc zepiri da werilobiTi, gansx-
vavebul sakomunikacio situaciaSi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva mizniT da
sxvadasxva auditoriisTvis. saswavlo procesSi moswavleebs aseT te-
qstebze muSaobis saSualebac unda mieceT, raTa amoicnon, gaaanalizon
da gaiazron, Tu rogor da ra xerxebiT asaxavs, exmianeba vizualuri
teqsti realobas an axdens zemoqmedebas adamianebis SegrZnebebsa da
cnobierebaze. 2
nebismieri teqsti, romelic warmoadgens zepiri da vizualuri,
werilobiTi (beWduri) da zepiri, an werilobiT (beWduri) da vizualu-
ri komponentebis kombinacias, aris multimediuri teqsti. bevri aseTi
teqsti moicavs samive tipis _ zepiri, werilobiTi (beWduri) da vizua-
luri _ teqstis komponentebs.
gTvazobT teqstebis CamonaTvals, romelTa miznobrivad gamoyene-
ba rogorc saklaso garemoSi, ise skolis gareT mniSvnelovnad Seuw
yobs xels qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standartis
warmatebiT daZlevas sabazo da saSualo safexurebze.
zepiri formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi sabazo da saSualo safexurze

• Txroba;
• zepiri kiTxva;
• kiTxvis dasma;
• dialogi;
• interviu;
• komentari;
• Sejameba / reziume;
• gamosvla / moxseneba;
• diskusia;
• kamaTi / debati;
• argumentirebuli msjeloba;
• roluri TamaSi / imitacia;
• dramatuli monologi;
• prezentacia;
• sxva.
werilobiTi formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi

mxatvruli literatura
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebaSi umniSvnelovanesi adgi-
li uWiravs mxatvrul literaturas, radgan swored igi ayalibebs Cvens
warmodgenas garesamyaroze, swored is gvaZlevs amouwurav safiqrals
33
maradiul Temebze _ cxovrebis arsze, samyarosa da adamianur urTier-
Tobebze; gvibiZgebs, rom CavwvdeT adamianis gancdebsa da grZnobebs,
mis bunebas da avxsnaT misi qmedebebi.
literaturis upirvelesi Rirebuleba misi esTetikuri mxarea, rac
imas niSnavs, rom mkiTxvels siamovnebas aniWebs mxatvruli enis siR-
rme, moqniloba da eqspersiuloba, mas uCndeba Tanagancda personaJebis
mimarT, SeuZlia maTTan erTad `gaiaros~ cxovrebis gza, gaxdes cxovre-
biseuli istoriebisa da Tavgadasavlebis monawile. nawarmoebis emoci-
uri da inteleqtualuri gaazrebis safuZvelze mkiTxvels uyalibdeba
piradi damokidebuleba wakiTxulis mimarT.
kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

qarT.VII.7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxat-
vruli teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokide-
bulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
qarT. VIII.5. moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros, gaaanalizos da Seafasos te-

qstebi (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli), romlebic Seicavs garkveul
Tvalsazriss an msjelobas konkretul sakiTxze.
qarT. IX.6. moswavles SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze sxva-

dasxva Tvalsazrisis Semcveli mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis
gaazreba-gaanalizeba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxa-
tva.
qarT.X.8. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebe-

bis, publicisturi Txzulebebis wakiTxva da maT mimarT sakuTari da-
mokidebulebis gamoxatva.
literatura unikalur SesaZleblobas aZlevs mkiTxvels, gaigos,

ganicados da gaiziaros uamravi adamianuri cxovrebiseuli gamoc-
dileba. literaturis wyalobiT mkiTxveli SeiZleba uecrad aRmoCndes
sxva epoqaSi, misTvis ucxo adgilas, gansxvavebul kulturaSi, sruliad
moulodnel situaciaSi. saintereso ambebisa da Tavgadasavlebis gac-
nobis garda, es gamocdileba sagrZnoblad afarToebs mis Tvalsawiers,
geografiul, istoriul Tu kulturul-socialur areals da amiT ex-
mareba mas kiTxvis dros konteqstis gaazrebaSi.
34
qarT.VIII.7. moswavles SeuZlia nawarmoebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis
gaanalizeba.
qarT. IX.6. moswavles SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze sxvada

sxva Tvalsazrisis Semcveli mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqste- 2
bis gaazreba-gaanalizeba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis
gamoxatva.
qarT.X.9. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebis

gaanalizeba.
qarT. XI.5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba

maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis Tval-
sazrisiT.
qarT. XII.5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis

teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da
problematikis TvalsazrisiT.
qarT. XII.7. moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos kulturuli, socialuri da

istoriuli faseulobebis gavlena teqstsa da mis interpretaciaze.
rig SemTxvevebSi literaturuli nawarmoebis srulyofilad gaazre-

bisaTvis, nawarmoebis Temis, ideis, personaJebis qcevis, motivaciis da
misT. ukeT gasagebad aucilebelia politikuri, istoriuli, social-
ur-ekonomikuri konteqstis gaTvaliswineba. aseT nawarmoebebs qarTu-
li literaturidan miekuTvneba, mag., `bedi qarTlisa~,`25 Tebervali~,
`didi iosebi~, `jayos xiznebi~, `haki aZba~ da mravali sxva.
mxatvruli literatura xels uwyobs moswavleTa TviTrefleqsiis
unaris Camoyalibebas. am tipis teqstebis kiTxva gzas uxsnis adami
ans, ukeT Seimecnos sakuTari Tavi, Seicnos, gaiazros da Seafasos
mis irgvliv arsebuli samyaro _ dro, romelSic mas uwevs cxovreba,
qveyana, romelSic is daibada da/an gaizarda, wre, romelTanac aqvs
urTierToba, aseve dafiqrdes, ra surs an ra aRelvebs. swored ami-
tom miiCneva, rom asakis Sesabamisi literaturis kiTxva exmareba mos-
wavleebs, daakavSiron wakiTxuli sakuTar cxovrebasTan, miiRon axali
gam
ocdileba da am gamocdilebis meSveobiT garkveuli mimarTuleba
miscen sakuTar cxovrebas.
am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania moswavleTa CarTva
saubrebSi da diskusiebSi. amgvari aqtivobebis saSualebiT maT SeuZli-
aT gaigon, ramdenad emTxveva erTmaneTs misi da Tavisi Tanatolebis
35
warmodgenebi iseTi fundamenturi zneobriv-eTikuri cnebebis Sesaxeb,
rogorebicaa, magaliTad: megobroba, siyvaruli, siZulvili, SurisZie-
ba, eWvianoba, Suri, erTguleba, keTilSobileba, patiosneba, veragoba,
eTnikuri, religiuri Tu pirovnuli identoba, gansxvavebuloba, Tavi
sufleba, imedi da sasowarkveTa da a.S. Zveli da Tanamedrove, mozr-
dilebisaTvis gankuTvnili, erovnuli Tu msoflio literaturul te-
qstebSi asaxuli ideebis da Rirebulebebis gacnoba da Sefaseba didad
exmareba mkiTxvels sakuTari Sexedulebebisa da faseulobaTa sistemis
CamoyalibebaSi, gaazrebasa da maT dacvaSi.

qarT.VIII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros, gaaanalizos da Seafasos
teqstebi (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli), romlebic Seicavs garkveul
qarT.X.8. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli

nawarmoebebis, publicisturi Txzulebebis wakiTxva da maT mimarT
sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva.
qarT. XII.5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis

Tuki moswavleebs SevTavazebT mravalferovan literaturul teq

s
tebs da vaswavliT maT am tipis teqstebis sxvadasxva enobriv Tu
struqturul maxasiaTeblebze dakvirvebas, isini TandaTanobiT aRmoaCe-
nen sxvadasxva JanrisTvis damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebebs, daakvirdebi-
an da gaiazreben, ra aucilebeli elementebis erToblioba qmnis ama Tu
im Janris mxatvrul teqsts. ra Tqma unda, moswavleebi TavianT dakvir-
vebas da codnas gamoiyeneben, rogorc models sakuTari weriTi namu-
Sevrebis Seqmnisas, risi saSualebac maT aucileblad unda mieceT. lite
raturuli nawarmoebebis kiTxvis dros misi enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi
da struqturuli aspeqtebis gaanalizeba uSualod ukavSirdeba weriTi
unarebis ganviTarebas da standartis Sesabamisi Sedegebis daZlevas.
es sakiTxi mWidrod ukavSirdeba literaturis Teoriis sakiTxebis
swavlebas skolaSi. literaturis kiTxvis saSualebiT moswavleebi
iZenen codnas Tavad literaturis, rogorc kulturuli fenomenis
Sesaxeb da SeZleben am gadasaxedidan gaiazron da Seafason igi. amde
nad, mxatvruli literaturis swavlebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom
konkretuli teqstisa da avtoris Sesaxeb rafinirebuli informaciis
miRebisa an litmcodneobiTi terminebis daswavlaze metad mniSvnelo-
36
vania, rom moswavleebisTvis literaturis kiTxva iyos aRmoCenebiTa
da gancdebiT savse cocxali procesi. mkiTxvelisTvis literaturuli
teqsti upirvelesad aris TavgadasavalSi monawileobis, pirovnuli ga-
mocdilebis miRebis da ara Teoriuli codnis dagrovebis saSualeba
an informaciis wyaro.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze litmcodneobiTi
sakiTxebisa da terminebis swavleba mniSvnelovania, magram es ar unda 2
iyos TviTmizani. mxatvruli xerxebisa Tu literaturuli formebis
amocnobis swavleba azrs iZens maSin, Tuki amas ufro didi mizani udevs
safuZvlad. am codnis saSualebiT moswavlem unda SeZlos:
• teqstis struqturuli da enobrivi Taviseburebebis, mxatvruli
xerxebis funqciis amocnoba da gaazreba;
• avtoris mier gamoyenebuli enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSuale-
bebis efeqturobis Sefaseba mTlianad teqstSi an konkretul adgilas;
• zogadad, enis mdidari gamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZleblobebis, misi
eqspresiuli bunebis gacnobiereba;
• mxatvruli teqstis esTetikuri mxaris obieqturad aRqma da
kritikulad Sefaseba.
mxatvruli nawarmoebebis Janruli maxasiaTeblebis swavlebisas ki
maswavlebels unda axsovdes, rom misi upirvelesi mizania, daexmaros
moswavleebs teqstis Rrmad da safuZvlianad gaazrebaSi. moswavlisTvis
TviTmizani ar unda iyos literaturis Teoriis sakiTxebis zedmiwevniT
da dawvrilebiT codna. mas es codna upirvelesad sWirdeba litera-
turul teqstTan maqsimalurad axlos misasvlelad inteleqtualuri
da emociuri TvalsazrisiT.
37
kiTxva wera
qarT. VII.9. moswavles SeuZlia teqs- qarT. VII.11. moswavles SeuZlia weri-
tis gaanalizeba struqturuli da lobiTi teqstebis Seqmna sxvadasxva
enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT. mizniT.
qarT. XI. 6. moswavles SeuZlia gaaana- qarT. VIII.10. moswavles SeuZlia

lizos, rogor gamoiyeneba mxatvru- werilobiT gadmosces sakuTari
li da aramxatvruli teqstis ele- Tvalsazrisi, imsjelos konkretul
mentebi misi interpretaciis dros. sakiTxze saTanado argumentebis mox-
mobiT.
qarT. IX.7. moswavles SeuZlia enobriv- qarT.IX.12. moswavles SeuZlia daicvas

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis co- werilobiTi teqstis struqtura da
dnis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva saxis te- enobrivi normebi.
qstebis analizisas.
qarT. X.6. moswavles SeuZlia sxva- qarT. X.12. moswavles SeuZlia mxat-
dasxva saxis teqstebis gaanalizeba vruli teqtis Seqmna mocemuli piro-
maTi organizebis TvalsazrisiT. bis an modelis mixedviT.
qarT. X.9. moswavles SeuZlia sxva- qarT. XI.13. moswavles SeuZlia adekva-
dasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebis turad gamoiyenos saTanado enobriv-
gaanalizeba. gramatikuli saSualebebi sxvadasxva
saxis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad.
qarT. XI.7.moswavles SeuZlia mxa-
tvruli nawarmoebis enobrivi sa-
Sualebebis gaanalizeba maTi funqci
onirebis TvalsazrisiT.
qarT. XII. 8. moswavles SeuZlia mxa-

tvruli enis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis
gaanalizeba.
qarT. XII.9. moswavles SeuZlia gaaana-

lizos, ra gavlenas axdens avtoris
enobrivi arCevani mkiTxvelze.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT,

skolam moswavleebs unda SesTavazos literaturis TeoriaSi aRiare-
buli yvela ZiriTadi Janris _ epikuri, lirikuli da dramatuli _
mxatvruli nawarmoebebis farTo arCevani.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT, sa-
bazo safexurze gaTvalswinebulia Semdegi saxis mxatvruli teqstebis
wakiTxva da damuSaveba:
38
sabazo safexuri:
• miTi;
• legenda;
• xalxuri da literaturuli zRapari;
• leqsi (sxvadasxva Janris);
• poema; 2
• igav-araki;
• moTxroba;
• novela;
• sxv.
saSualo safxurze aqcenti metad inacvlebs Sinaarsobrivad mravalp-
laniani, vrceli, Janrobrivad da mxatvruli formiT gamokveTili,
aseve poliJanruli nawarmoebebis Seswavlaze. aseTebia:
• romani;
• epikuri poema;
• piesa (drama);
• memuari / avtobiografia;
• literaturuli ese;
• sxv.
savaldebulo literatura sabazo da saSualo safexurebze

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis sabazo da saSualo safe
xurebisTvis SemuSavebulia savaldebulo programa, romelic mTlianad
qarTvel avtorTa Txzulebebisagan Sedgeba.
qarTul skolebSi bolo wlebSi damkvidrda orgvari midgoma
erovnuli da ucxouri literaturis swavlebaSi _ qronologiuri da
Tematuri da Seiqmna Sesabamisi principiT agebuli saxelmZRvaneloe-
bic. am orive midgomis gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva qarTuli enisa
da literaturis sagnobrivi programa. mokled ganvixiloT, ra udevs
safuZvlad TiToeul maTgans.
XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze evropul saganmanaTleblo sivrce-
Si mniSvnelovani adgili daikava saero nacionalurma literaturam
(manamde mxolod poezia da sasuliero literatura iswavleboda). am
faqts ganaTlebis Teoretikosebi germanel romantikosTa gavlenas
miaweren. magaliTad, germaneli filosofosis, Teologis, poetisa da
literaturis kritikosis, iohan gotfrid herderis (1744-1803) mtkice-
biT, eri (nacia), misi ena da literatura erTmaneTisagan ganuyofe-
lia da maT Soris uryevi mTlianobaa. is miiCnevda, rom literatura
aris eris (naciis) sulis (Volkgeist) saukeTeso gamoxatulebaa. swored am
ideis mxardamWerTa wyalobiT Tavdapirvelad literaturaTmcodneo-
39
baSi, rogorc akademiur disciplinaSi, warmoiSva axali mimarTuleba
_ literaturis istoria, romelmac SemdgomSi saskolo ganaTlebaSic
daimkvidra adgili. am droidan Caeyara safuZveli mkveTrad eTnocen-
tristul midgomebs literaturis swavlebaSi. sabWoTa skolaSi lite
raturis swavlebis erT-erT miznad gacxadebuli iyo Semdegi; `moswav-
les unda esmodes literaturis istoriuli ganviTarebis kanonzomiere-
bebi~, anu mTavari iyo literaturis istoriul WrilSi Seswavla, misi
ganviTarebis etapebis codna.
literaturis amgvari istoriul–nacionalistur WrilSi ganxilva
droTa ganmavlobaSi eWvqveS daayena komparativistikam, rogorc axal-
ma mimdinareobam literaturaTmcodneobaSi. am mimarTulebis warmo-
madgenlebma viwro, nacionalisturi xedva Caanacvles universaluri
formebisa da modelebis, ideebis, motivebisa da simboloebis ZiebiTa
da SeswavliT. XX saukunis 80-iani wlebidan literaturaTmcodneeb-
ma mTlianad Tqves uari literaturis kritikis nacionalistur da
Sefarulad elitur memkvidreobaze. Sesabamisad, kiTxvis niSnis qveS
dadga skolebSi savaldebulo literaturis CamonaTvalis arsebobac,
xolo saskolo saswavlo programebSi gaCnda e.w. àrakanonikuri~ te-
qstebic. amaRlebuli, `romantikuli~ suliereba Caanacvla gansxvave-
bulma tendenciam – literaturis kritikis mkiTxvelze orientirebam
da struqturalisturma midgomebma. saswavlo programebSi dokumentu-
ri prozis, sxvadasxva saxis aramxatvruli teqstebis, aseve multimediis
CarTva amgvari midgomis erT-erT gamovlinebad SegviZlia ganvixiloT.
bevr qveyanaSi, maT Soris, saqarTveloSic, literaturis fenome-
ni dResac aRiqmeba, rogorc nacionaluri identobis gamovlinebis
gamorCeuli da Seucvleli saSualeba. saswavlo programebSi litera
turas kvlavindeburad gansakuTrebuli funqcia akisria da igi dRes
Tanaarsebobs Tanamedrove tendenciebis Sedegad aRmocenebul yvelaze
radikalur ideebTanac ki.
literaturis swavlebis Tanamedrove Teoriebis safuZvelze Se iq
mna qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programac. am doku-
mentis zogad nawilSi, sadac Camoyalibebulia sagnis swavlebis mizne-
bi da amocanebi, gacxadebulia, rom literaturis Seswavlam moswavle
erovnulTan erTad zogadsakacobrio kulturasac unda aziaros; man
unda SeZlos erovnulisa da universaluris erTmaneTTan dakavSireba
mSobliuri da msoflio literaturuli procesebis, problematikisa
da faseulobebis gaanalizebis da Sefasebis safuZvelze. qarTuli enisa
da literaturis swavlebis erT-erTi amocanaa `qarTuli da msoflio
literaturuli procesebisa da universaluri literaturuli Temebis
urTierTkavSiris gaazreba~ (ix. sagnobrivi programa qarTul enasa da
literaturaSi, b) qvepunqti: `qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavle-
bis miznebi da amocanebi~).
40
qarT. XI. 5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba

maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis
TvalsazrisiT.
2
qarT. XII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis
teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa
da problematikis TvalsazrisiT.
qarT. XII. 6. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva teqstSi asaxuli

faseulobebisa da Sexedulebebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba.
qarT. XII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos kulturuli, socialuri

da istoriuli faseulobebis gavlena teqstsa da mis interpretaciaze.
literaturis swavleba qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi gulis

xmobs literaturis gaazrebas ara mxolod nacionalur WrilSi, an
tradiciulad damkvidrebuli literaturis istoriis Seswavlas, ara
med mis gaanalizebas msoflio literaturul konteqstSi, saerTo
da gansxvavebuli Temebis, problemebis, idealebisa da faseulobebis
Sedareba–Sepirispirebis safuZvelze.
es gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria qarTuli literaturis imgvari ni-
muSebis Seswavlis dros, romlebic exeba maradiul Temebs, problemebs,
asaxavs zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebs da/an universalur simboloebs.
mag., qarTuli literaturis gakveTilebze msoflio literaturuli
procesebis konteqstSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT qarTuli romantizmi, sim-
bolizmi, postmodernizmi (Sesabamisad, evropuli romantizmis, evro-
puli da/an rusuli simbolizmis, ucxouri postmodernizmis konteqst-
Si); `vefxistyaosnis~ Rirebulebebi (mag., siyvaruli udidesi niWia) gan-
vixiloT kretien de truas Semoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT; daviT gu-
ramiSvilisa da/an ilia WavWavaZis naazrevi codnis, ganaTlebis Zalaze
SeiZleba dasavleli ganmanaTleblebis, moazrovneebisa da mwerlebis
Tvalsazrisis gaTvaliswinebiT. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma gaiazron
universaluri simbolo1 _ mTa, rogorc miRmuri, transcedenturi ad
1 universaluri simbolo _ universaluri esTetikuri kategoria, romelic

saerToa sxvadasxva kulturisaTvis (mag., gveli, rogorc boroteba, sibrZne,
cTuneba; wyali _ sicocxle, moZraoba, damangreveli Zala; kvercxi _ aRorZineba,
xelaxla dabadeba; Rame _ sikvdili, sxv. ). amis sapirispiroa konteqsturi simbolo,
romelic Seqmnilia avtoris mier erTi nawarmoebis farglebSi da sxvagan ar
gamoiyeneba (mag., `TviTmoZravi Wuri~ konstantine gamsaxurdias `didostatis
marjvenaSi~).
41
gili, romelic xan sakralur sivrced warmogvidgeba, xan _ avi sulebis
sauflod, maT SeuZliaT erTmaneTs Seudaron nikoloz baraTaSvili-
seuli mTawminda (`SemoRameba mTawmindazed~) da goeTeseuli blok
sbergis mTa (`fausti~) da sxv.
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi literaturis swavleba ganixileba, ro-
gorc pirovnebis Camoyalibebis, misi esTetikuri da SemoqmedebiTi
unarebis ganviTarebis, aseve, erovnul da zogadsakacobrio faseu-
lobebTan ziarebis saSualeba.
sxva evropuli qveynebis msgavsad, qarTul saswavlo gegmaSic plu-
ralistul midgomebTan erTad Tanaarsebobs mkveTrad nacionaluri
savaldebulo literaturis korpusi, romelic saskolo ganaTlebis
bolo eqvsi wlis (VII-XII klasebs) 60 procents Seadgens da mTlianad
qarTvel avtorTa nawarmoebebisagan Sedgeba (ix. 2011-2016 w.w. erovnuli
saswavlo gegma, qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programa).
Tavad savaldebulo literaturis CamonaTvals ori ganzomileba
aqvs da igi swored am or sibtyeze unda ganvixloT. erTia misi Sinaar-
sobrivi mxare (konkretuli avtorebi, nawarmoebebi, Janrebi Tu istori-
uli epoqebi), xolo meorea misi praqtikuli mxare (ramdenad iZleva ama
Tu im nawarmoebis Seswavla saxelmwifos mier dadgenili saganamanaT-
leblo miznebis miRwevis saSualebas). es ori ganzomileba Tanabrad
mniSvnelovania swavla–swavlebis procesSi. magram faqtia, rom litera
turis CamonaTvalis Sefaseba, zogadad, mxolod mis Sinaarss ukavSir-
deba. literaturis swavleba ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc mxolod
teqstebis CamonaTvali, radganac is aseve gulisxmobs Tanamedrove
pedagogiuri midgomebis gamoyenebis aucileblobasac saswavlo gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis misaRwevad.
savaldebulo literaturis CamonaTvalis SemuSavebisas nawarmoe-
bebis SerCevis mTavari kriteriumi tradiciulad misi maRalmxatvruli
Rirebulebaa, aseve mniSvnelovania nawarmoebis mkveTrad erovnuli da
zogadkulturuli mniSvnelobac. SerCevis kriteriumebad moiazreba,
agreTve, epoqac, romelSic Seiqmna es nawarmoebi, aseve misi Janruli da
enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi. magram sruliad aSkaraa, rom amgvari Camona
Tvali upirvelesad miznad isaxavs yvelaze faseuli literaturuli
nawarmoebebis aRiarebas erovnul doneze, mis SenarCunebasa da momava-
li TaobebisTvis gadacemas. misi upirvelesi daniSnuleba mainc eris
kulturuli memkvidreobis gadarCenaa.
unda gaviTvaliswinoT is faqti, rom erovnuli saswavlo gegma
utovebs arCevanis Tavisuflebas skolis pedagogebsa da saxelmZRvane-
los avtorebs. ganaTlebis reformis erT-erTi mTavari principi iyo,
rom swavlebis Sinaarsi ufro metad morgeboda Tanamedrove axalgaz-
rdebis interesebs da masSi eqskluziurad mxolod werilobiTi te-
qstebi ar yofiliyo warmodgenili. reformebis Sedegad saqarTvelos
erovnulma saswavlo gegmam, sxva qveynebis kurikulumebis msgavsad,
42
xeli Seuwyo Tanamedrove teqnologiebis danergvas saskolo sivrceSi.
werilobiTi teqstebTan erTad moswavleebs sxvadasxva tipis vizualu-
ri da multimediuri teqtebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobac miecaT.
cxadia, rom savaldebulo literaturis CamonaTvali Tavisi bunebiT
ufro konservatiulia da umetesad efuZneba tradiciulad damkvidre-
bul mosazrebebs literaturis Sesaxeb. amitom, maswavleblis mova-
leobaa, gaacocxlos Tanamedrove konteqstSi es teqstebi da am gziT 2
Tavidan aicilos safrTxe imisa, rom skolaSi maTi swavleba meqanikur
procesad ar iqces da amiT xeli ar SeeSalos kritikuli azrovnebis
ganviTarebas moswavleebSi, rac Tanamedrove pedagogikis erT–erTi um-
Tavresi amocanaa.
aramxatvruli teqstebi
aramxatvruli teqstebis kiTxva exmareba mozrdil mkiTxvelebs,
gamoumuSavdeT wignierebis fundamenturi unar-Cvevebi, romelTac
flobac sruliad aucilebelia dRevandel sazogadoebaSi warmatebu-
li cxovrebisaTvis. amitomac, Tanamedrove moswavleebs dRes saskolo
programebiT gaTvaliswinebuli auracxeli informaciis damaxsovre-
baze metad esaWiroebaT swored informaciis moZiebis, interpretire-
bis, Sefasebis, organizebis, gamoyenebisa da gadacemis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba. sxvagvarad am unar-Cvevebis erTobliobas sainformacio
wigniereba ewodeba.
samecniero literaturaSi arsebobs aramxatvruli teqstebis araer-
Ti klasifikacia maTi tipebisa da daniSnulebis mixedviT. aq warmogid-
genT Sejerebul versias, romelic iTvaliswinebs da esadageba qarTul
saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi yvelaze metad gavrcelebul models da,
rac mTavaria, qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis
mixedviT teqstebis damuSavebis praqtikas.
aramxatvruli teqstebidan gamovyofT eqvs ZiriTad tips, romelTa
damuSavebac moeTxovebaT moswavleebs sabazo da saSualo safexurebze.
esenia:
1. sainformacio. rogorc saxelwodeba gveubneba, aseTi teqstis
ZiriTadi daniSnuleba mkiTxvelis informirebaa. am tipis teqstebi
amoicnoba konkretuli enobrivi da stuqturuli maxasiaTeblebiT. mag-
aliTad: sainformacio teqstebSi zmnebi umetesad (magram ara yovel
Tvis) gvxvdeba awmyo droSi, gamoyenebulia zmnis III piris formebi;
informacia mowodebulia pirdapir da gasagebad, gamotanilia qvesa-
Taurebi; Sedgeba mokle abzacebisagan; teqsti gamdidrebulia vizua
luri elementebiT _ diagramebiT, fotoebiT, rukebiT da a.S.
2. TxrobiTi (igive naratiuli). am tipis teqsti SeiZleba iyos mxat-
vrulic da aramxatvrulic. gansxvaveba isaa, rom aramxatvruli Txrobi-
Ti teqsti mkiTxvels mouTxrobs realurad momxdar ambavs, magaliTad,
43
istoriidan, adamianis cxovrebidan da a.S. Tumca gvxvdeba teqstebic,
romlebic nawilobriv ar asaxaven realur istorias (aseTebia, ZiriTa-
dad, satelevizio SemecnebiTi gadacemebi, romlebSic zogjer realuri
ambavi an realuri adamianis cxovreba gamogonili detalebiTaa gam-
didrebuli). struqturuli TvalsazrisiT, TxrobiTi teqstebi xSirad
Seicavs aRweris elementebsac; movlenebi gadmocemulia qronologi-
uri TanamimdevrobiT. misi enobrivi maxasiaTeblebidan SegviZlia ga-
movyoT Semdegi: am tipis teqstebSi zmnebi umetesad warsuli drois
formiT gvxvdeba; gamoyenebulia zmnis I an III piris formebi; gvxvdeba
movlenaTa droSi damakavSirebeli enobriv-gramatikuli konstruqcie-
bi, magaliTad: Tavdapirvelad, jer, (amis) Semdeg, mogvianebiT, am dros,
amas mohyva da a.S.
3. instruqcia. am tipis teqstebis mizania aswavlos mkiTxvels, Tu
rogor moiqces da ra gaakeTos. aseTi teqstebi xSirad gvxvdeba yovel-
dRiur cxovrebaSi. sruqturuli TvalsazrisiT maTTvis damaxasiaTe-
belia mkacri Tanamimdevruloba; informaciis zedmiwevniTi sizuste
(rogor, sad, rodis); calkeuli winadadebebi gamoyofilia buletebiT,
daculia numeracia, informaciis dazustebis mizniT gamoyenebulia
miniSnebebi, naxazebi da ilustraciebi. am tipis teqstebis amocnoba
SesaZlebelia konkretuli enobrivi niSnebis mixedviT, kerZod: gamoi-
yeneba zmnis II piris (zogjer I piris, magaliTad, receptebSi), umetesad,
mravlobiTis formebi, awmyo dro, brZanebiTi kilo; gvxvdeba Sesabamisi
moqmedebis Tanamimdevrobis gamomxatveli makavSirebeli sityvebi: jer,
Semdeg, rodesac da a.S.
4. axsna-ganmarteba. am tipis teqstebs bevri aqvs saerTo sainfor-
macio teqstebTan. maTSi dawvrilebiT aris axsnili sakiTxebi, sxva-
dasxva movlenebi da maTi gamomwvevi mizezebi. aseT teqstebi mravlad
gvxvdeba saxelmZRvaneloebSi, gzamkvlevebSi da a.S. axsna-ganmartebi-
Ti xasiaTis teqstebi pasuxoben or kiTxvas: `rogor?~ (magaliTad,
rogor xdeba mTebis warmoqmna? rogor muSaobs kompiuteri? rogor
qsovs oboba qsels? misT.) da `ratom / ra mizeziT?~ (magaliTad, ra-
tom Jangdeba rkina? ratom sWirdeba cocxal organizms Jangbadi? ra
iwvevs ozonis Sris gaTxelebas? misT.). gamovyofT am tipis teqstebis
zogierT enobriv struqturul maxasiaTebels: misi Sinaarsi viTardeba
logikurad; emyareba mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebs da Seicavs Sesabamis
enobriv konstruqciebs (es imitom moxda, rom..., amis mizezia, igi iwvevs,
r-is Sedegad, aqedan gamomdinare, Tu.... maSin..., radgan / imitom, rom....);
daculia droiTi Tanamimdevroba; zmnebi gvxvdeba awmyo drois formiT;
umetesad gamoyenebulia sazogado, krebiTi da nivTierebaTa arsebiTi
saxelebi da a.S.
5. damarwmunebeli. am tipis teqstebis mizania, gavlena moaxdinos
mkiTxvelze da daarwmunos isini raime faqtisa Tu movlenis marTebu
lobaSi an simcdareSi, an imoqmedos avtoris survilis Sesabamisad. ami-
44
saTvis avtors mohyavs Sesabamisi argumentebi da amyarebs maT maga
liTebiT, iyenebs mizez-Sedegobriobaze dafuZnebul msjelobas, iSve
liebs statistikur monacemebs an moixmobs eqspertTa mosazrebebs,
kvlevebis Sedegebs da a.S. argumentebirebul, logikur msjelobas-
Tan erTad damarwmunebeli xasiaTis teqstebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia
mkiTxvelis emociebis gamowvevac, risTvisac gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva
ritorikuli xerxebi da enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi (maga 2
liTad, kontrargumentis argumentad gamoyeneba, ritorikuli kiTxve-
bis dasma, gameoreba, sityvis gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT xmareba, epiTe
tebis gamoyeneba, metaforuli metyveleba da sxv.). struqturis Tval
sazriT sagulisxmoa, rom am tipis teqstebi warmoadgens faqtebisa da
mosazrebebis kombinacias.
6. argumentirebuli msjeloba. am tipis teqsti imiT gansxvavdeba
damarwmunebeli teqstisagan, rom is gacilebiT dabalansebuli da obieq
turia. miuxedavad imisa, rom avtori erT romelime Sexedulebas uWers
mxars, igi moixmobs da ganixilavs orive mosazrebis gamamyarebel ar-
gumentebs, eTanxmeba an uaryofs maT da mxolod amis Semdeg gamoaqvs
daskvna. am tipis teqstebi, rogorc wesi, umTavresad logikur msjelo-
bas efuZneba, Tumca masSi xSirad aris gamoyenebulia mizez-Sedegobrivi
msjelobis elementebic Sesabamisi enobrivi konstruqciebiT. aseT teq
stebSi zmnebi gvxvdeba rogorc awmyo, ise warsuli da momavali drois
formiT, maTTvis aseve damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi frazebis gamoyeneba:
me vfiqrob, Cemi azriT, darwmunebuli var, ar veTanxmebi, viziareb mo-
sazrebas, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom...
aramxatvruli teqstebis swavlebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
unda mieqces maTi stiluri, enobrivi da struqturuli maxasiaTeblebis
amocnobisa da gaazrebis unarebis ganviTarebas. es codna moswavleebs
daexmareba ara mxolod am tipis teqstebis safuZvlianad aRqmasa da
gagebaSi, aramed weriTi unarebis ganviTarebaSi. amdenad, gansxvavebu-
li tipis teqstebis formalur-struqturuli da enobrivi aspeqtebis
codna pirdapir ukavSirdeba weris mimarTulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli
Sedgebis warmatebiT daZlevas.
45
kiTxva wera
qarT. VII.9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis qarT. VII.11. moswavles SeuZlia

gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi werilobiTi teqstebis Seqmna
maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT. sxvadasxva mizniT.
qarT. IX.7. moswavles SeuZlia enobriv-

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis codnis qarT. VIII.12. moswavles
gamoyeneba sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis SeuZlia enobriv-gramatikuli
analizisas. struqturebisa da xerxebis
marTebulad gamoyeneba sxvadasxva
saxis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad.
qarT. X.6. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva
saxis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTi qarT. IX.12. moswavles SeuZlia
organizebis TvalsazrisiT. daicvas werilobiTi teqstis
struqtura da enobrivi normebi.
qarT. XI.6. moswavles SeuZlia
gaaanalizos, rogor gamoiyeneba
mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstis qarT. XI.12. moswavles SeuZlia
elementebi misi interpretaciis dros. sxvadasxva xasiaTis aramxatvruli
teqstebis SeTxzva.
qarT. XI.13. moswavles SeuZlia

adekvaturad gamoiyenos saTanado
enobriv-gramatikuli saSualebebi
sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis
Sesaqmnelad.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT, sa-

bazo safexurze gaTvalsiwinebulia Semdegi saxis aramxatvruli te-
qstebis wakiTxva da damuSaveba:
samecniero:
• saswavlo dargobrivi teqstebi _ saxelmZRvaneloebSi da/an sxva
saswavlo resursebSi warmodgenili Sesaswavli teqstebi;
• enciklopediebisa da cnobarebis statiebi;
• samecniero-popularuli (SemecnebiTi) teqstebi;
• sxv.
oficialur-saqmiani:
• gancxadeba;
• reklama;
• axsna-ganmarteba;
• reziume;
46
• anotacia;
• instruqcia;
• oficialuri werili;
• sxv.
publicisturi:
• sainformacio qronika; 2
• sagazeTo statia;
• biografia;
• gamoxmaureba;
• sxv.
saSualo safexurze zemoT warmodgenil CamonaTvals emateba Semde-
gi tipis teqstebi:
samecniero:
• samecniero da samecniero-popularuli statiebi;
• referati;
• literaturuli kritika;
• kvleva da/an kvlevis istoria;
• sxv.
publicisturi:
• ese;
• sagazeTo statiebi;
• publicistika (sxvadasxva periodis);
• sxv.
vizualuri da multimediuri teqstebi

informaciis moZieba, damuSaveba da gamoyeneba wignierebis erT-
erTi umniSvnelovanesi komponentia, romlis ganviTarebasac swored
sxvadasxva tipis aramxatvrul, gansakuTrebiT, sainformacio xasiaTis
teqstebze muSaoba uwyobs xels. Tumca gasaTvalsiwinebelia isic, rom
bolo periodSi msoflioSi radikalurad icvala saxe informaciam,
misi miwodebis formebma. dRes moswavleebs, iseve rogorc maT garSe-
mo myof adamianebs, informaciis uamrav gansxvavebul wyarosTan aqvT
saqme, maT Sorisaa, sxvadasxva saxis beWduri, eleqtronuli, audio,
video Tu kombi nirebuli saSualebebi. ra Tqma unda, informaciis es
axali wyaroebi ver Caanacvleben wigns, magram maTTan urTierToba gar-
dauvlad moiTxovs am tipis _ vizualuri da multimediuri _ teqstebis
gageba-gaazrebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas informaciis moZiebis,
damuSavebisa da gamoyenebis mizniT. Tanamedrove samyaroSi aseve mniS-
vnelovania, rom moswavle iyos ara mxolod momxmarebeli am tipis te-
47
qstebisa, aramed SeeZlos Tavad Seqmnas isini informaciis miwodebis,
sakuTari ideebis, STabeWdilebebis gaziarebisa Tu raime pragmatuli
mizniT. am unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas saskolo swavlebis dawyebiTi
safexuridanve eyreba safuZveli.
media, cifruli da semiotikuri kompetenciebi erovnul saswavlo
gegmaSi warmodgenilia gamWoli kompetenciebis saxiT, romelTa ganvi-
Tarebasac emsaxureba yvela saskolo sagnis swavleba (ix. erovnuli sas-
wavlo gegma, Tavi VIII. prioritetuli gamWoli kompetenciebi, punqtebi: b)
mediawigniereba; g) cifruli wigniereba da z) semiotikuri kompetencia).
qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebisas sabazo da saSualo
safexurebze sasurvelia Semdegi saxis vizualuri da multimediuri
teqstebis gamoyeneba:
vizualuri:
• foto;
• ilustracia;
• suraTi/naxati;
• ruka;
• diagrama;
• kolaJi;
• plakati;
• sareklamo fari (igive `bilbordi~);
• komiqsi;
• sareklamo lifleti / broSura;
• pantomima;
• araverbaluri komunikaciis sxva formebi.
multimediuri:
• kinofilmi (mxatvruli, dokumenturi);
• satelevizio siuJeti / kolaJi;
• videorgoli;
• animacia;
• reklama;
• satelevizio gadacemebi / Souebi;
• kompiuteruli programebi;
• internet gverdebi da TamaSebi;
• eleqtronuli teqstebi;
• sxv.
48
mediawigniereba
Tanamedrove epoqaSi maRali teqnologiebis ganviTarebam Zalze
mravalferovani gaxada informaciis mopovebis resursebi da mniS-
vnelovani cvlilebebi Seitana swavla-swavlebis procesSi. tradici-
uli saxis nabeWdi teqstebis gverdiT gaCnda axali tipis eleqtronuli
resursebi (vebgverdebi, onlain-enciklopediebi, sxva multimedia ele-
qtronuli resursebi), romlebsac aqtiurad gamoiyeneben moswavlee- 2
bi da maswavleblebi axali sakiTxebis Seswavlis, kvleviTi samuSaoe-
bis ganxorcielebis, proeqtebis/prezentaciebis momzadebisa Tu namu-
Sevrebis gaziarebis mizniT. aman Zalze aqtualuri gaxada moswavleTa
mediawignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis sakiTxi.
mediawigniereba gulisxmobs, rom moswavleebs SeuZliaT interaqcia
audio-, vizualur-, audiovizualur resursebTan, agreTve axali pro-
duqtis Seqmna mravalferovani multimedia resursebis gamoyenebiT.
Tumca mxolod es sakmarisi ar aris: mediawigniereba moswavleebisagan
moiTxovs ara mxolod informaciis moZiebas, aramed mediagzavnilebis
kritikulad gaazrebas kiTxvebis dasmis gziT, maT gaanalizebasa da Se-
fasebas. moswavleebi unda acnobierebdnen, rom aucilebelia mediare-
sursebis gaanalizeba maTi Sinaarsis, Rirebulebebisa da miznis Tval-
sazrisiT. kiTxvaris saxiT warmogidgenT parametrebs, romlebic ga-
moiyeneba multimediuri resursebis kritikuli analizisaTvis:
eleqtronuli resursebi:
• ra dro sWirdeba gverdis gaxsnas an CamotvirTvas?
avtoris gamocdileba:
• vin aris resursis avtori?
• flobs Tu ara avtori Sesabamis codnasa da gamocdilebas (aris
Tu ara igi eqsperti am sakiTxSi)?
SeniSvna: am kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad aucilebelia gavecnoT in-
formacias avtoris ganaTlebis, kvalifikaciis, samuSao gamocdilebis,
agreTve mis mier Seqmnili sxva namuSevrebis Sesaxeb.
mizani:
• aris Tu ara avtoris mizani naTlad gamokveTili?
• Seesatyviseba Tu ara Sinaarsi avtoris mier dasaxul mizans?
struqtura:
• aris Tu resursi gamosayeneblad martivi?
• aris Tu ara masala dayofili Tavebad, qveTavebad, paragrafebad?
• axlavs Tu ara masalas sarCevi/Sinaarsi?
49
• aris Tu ara gamokveTili vizualurad mniSvnelovani cnebebi da
terminebi (mag., msxvili da/an muqi feri Sriftis gamoyenebiT,
sxv.)?
• axlavs Tu ara informacias Sesabamisi vizualuri masala _ su-
raTebi, sqemebi, diagramebi, sxv.?
• aris Tu ara vizualuri masala mkiTxvelisaTvis gamosadegi?
SeniSvna: gamosadegia is vizualuri masala, romelic mkiTxvels
exmareba, ukeT gaigos, gaiazros da/an warmoidginos mowodebuli in-
formacia. wminda dekoratiuli funqciis mqone vizualur masalas am
SemTxvevaSi didi mniSvneloba ar eniWeba.
sandooba:
• ra wyaroebs iyenebs avtori?
• rodisaa Seqmnili (ramdenad axalia) resursi?
• ukanasknelad rodis ganaxlda resursi?
Sesabamisoba
• Tanxvdeba Tu ara es resursi Cems mizans?
• ratom unda gamoviyeno es resursi?
• riTi sjobs es resursi sxvas? riTia igi Rirebuli?
kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebasTan erTad maswav-
lebelma unda izrunos imaze, rom moswavleebma aiTvison rogorc beW-
duri, ise eleqtronuli resursebis patiosani, koreqtuli gamoyenebis
wesebi (mag., miTiTebebi gamoyenebul beWdur da eleqtronul wyaro
ebze, sxv.). am mizniT maswavlebeli SeiZleba gaesaubros moswavleebs
saavtoro uflebebis arsze, maTi dacvis aucileblobaze (saWiroe-
bisamebr, SeiZleba gaacnos maT saavtoro uflebebis dacvis kanonis
zogadi debulebebi). am gziT moswavleebi gaecnobian resursebis kore-
qtulad gamoyenebis wesebs, gaiazreben plagiatobis negatiur mxareebs.
50
Tavi III
sagnobrivi mimarTulebebi
III. 1. mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba

zepirmetyveleba (laparaki da mosmena) emsaxureba rogorc socia 2
luri, ise komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas. zepirmetyvele-
ba adamianis pirovnebad Camoyalibebis erT-erTi yvelaze mZlavri sa-
Sualebaa. moswavleebi Tavdapirvelad swored zepiri metyvelebis meS-
veobiT Seimecneben garesamyaros, eziarebian im kulturuli garemoSi
moqmed wes-Cveulebebs, qcevis normebs, Rirebulebebsa da tradiciebs,
romlebSic isini izrdebian da yalibdebian.
sabazo-saSualo safexurebis moswavleebs ukve seriozulad afiqrebs
pirovnuli identobis problema. isini iswrafvian niWis gamovlinebisa
ken, TavianTi SesaZleblobebis aRmoCenisaken, maT aRelvebT sakuTari
momavali da piradi urTierTobebi. am konteqstSi swored mSobliu-
ri enis gakveTilebi iZleva saukeTeso saSualebas imisaTvis, raTa mo-
zardebma SeZlon enis gamoyeneba TviTgamoxatvisaTvis, socialuri da
pirovnuli ganviTarebisaTvis.
saswavlo procesis srulyofilad warmarTvas mniSvnelovnad ganapi
robebs laparakisa da mosmenis unarebi, romlebic xels uwyobs Sina-
gani metyvelebis stimulirebas, exmareba moswavles, daxvewos sakuTari
azrebi gonebaSi da ganavrcos isini. saubris saSualebiT moswavles
SesaZlebloba eZleva, miiRos informacia, Seiqmnas azri, moifiqros ar-
gumentebi da daicvas sakuTari mosazrebebi; gauziaros msmenels sa-
kuTari grZnobebi da damokidebulebebi. laparaki da mosmena exmareba
moswavles, gadaaxalisos sakuTari codna da gamocdileba, daamyaros
kavSiri axlad SeZenil codnasa da ukve arsebuls Soris. moswavleebi
ukeTesad igeben Sesaswavl masalas, Tuki maT miecemaT SesaZlebloba,
xmamaRla gaimeoron davalebis piroba, aRweron da ganmarton maT wi-
naSe mdgomi amocana, sityvierad axsnan, ras akeTeben mis Sesasruleb-
lad; auxsnan da/an gauziaron msmenels, ra gaiges an ver gaiges, ra iyo
maTTvis siaxle. SeZenili codnis xelaxali interpretaciis unaris gan-
viTarebas laparakisa da mosmenis gziT umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia
swavlis procesSi.
diskusiebsa da dialogebSi monawileoba saukeTeso saSualebas aZlevs
moswavleebs sakuTari mosazrebebisa da ideebis verbalizebis, kiTxvebis
dasmisa da informaciis gacvlisaTvis. am tipis aqtivobebi moswavleebs
uyalibebs dialogis kulturas, gonivruli kompromisis, sakuTari mo-
sazrebis koreqtirebisa da sxvisi mosazrebis gaziarebis unars.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze aucilebelia wari
marTos Tavisufali, Zaldautanebeli saubrebi, romelTa mimdinareobis
51
dros moswavleebi SeZleben CauRrmavdnen ama Tu im problemas, gaarkvi-
on maTTvis bundovani sakiTxebi, gamoTqvan TavianTi eWvebi, varaudebi,
Tvalsazrisi, dasvan SekiTxvebi da miiRon pasuxebi.
iseT zepir aqtivobebSi monawileoba, romlebic gulisxmobs TviT-
gamoxatvis gansxvavebuli saSualebebis gamoyenebas (mag., improvizacia,
dramatizacia, multimediuri produqtis Seqmna), xels uwyobs moswav-
leTa kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas, sakuTari Tavisadmis rwmenis
ganmtkicebas, SemoqmedebiTi monacemebis ganviTarebas; enis Tavisuf
lad gamoyenebis, mkafiod, swrafad da moqnilad saubris unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebas.
maswavlebelma garkveuli dro unda dauTmos imgvari saklaso gare-
mos Seqmnas, romelSic moswavleebi saubrisas Tavisuflad, daculad
da komfortulad igrZnoben Tavs _ esaa pirveli nabiji. amis Semdeg
aucilebelia, rom araformaluri saubrebis es procesi TandaTanobiT
gadaizardos ufro mizanmimarTul, mkacrad fokusirebul zepir aq-
tivobebSi, romlebic ganxorcieldeba konkretuli mizniT da konkret-
ul situaciaSi.
laparakisa da mosmenis unarebi mniSvnelovania ara mxolod gare sam-
yaros SemecnebisaTvis, aramed kiTxvisa da weris unarebis ganviTarebi-
saTvisac. moswavle, romelic monawileobs werilobiT teqstebTan da-
kavSirebul sxvadasxva aqtivobaSi, rogorc msmeneli an rogorc mosau-
bre, ukeT gaacnobierebs amgvari teqstebis formalur-struqturul,
stilur maxasiaTeblebs, aseve sxvadasxvagvar teqstebSi gamoyenebul
enobriv normebs. mas TandaTanobiT ganuviTardeba unar-Cvevebi, rom-
lebic aucilebelia am sakiTxebSi codnis gasaRrmaveblad.
zepiri komunikaciis saxeebi da elementebi

zepirmetyveleba anu zepiri komunikacia interaqciis procesia, ro-
melsac garkveuli droiTi xangrZlivoba aqvs. igi saWiroebs or an
met adamians, romlebic gamoxataven da erTmaneTs uziareben TavianT
azrebs, grZnobebs, damokidebulebebs, sxv. gaziareba xdeba garkveuli
mniSvnelobebis mqone gzavnilebis gacvla-gamocvlis meSveobiT. gzav-
nilebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc verbaluri (sityvieri), ise araverbaluri
(usityvo), mag.: saxis gamometyveleba, Jesti, sxeulis poza, sxv. verba
lur da araverbalur gzavnilebs Soris Soris mtkice urTierTkavSiri
arsebobs.
sakomunikacio gzavnilis mniSvnelobis amocnoba gulisxmobs ara
mxolod calkeuli sityvebis gagebas, aramed, zogadad, gzavnilebis
swor interpretaciasac. mag., rodesac maswavlebeli ambobs, rom rTu-
li gakveTili hqonda, `rTuli~ am SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba niSnavdes, rom
moswavleebi ar iyvnen mobilizebulni da maswavlebels didi Zalisxmeva
dasWirda sagakveTilo procesis warsamarTavad; magram rodesac mos-
52
wavle ambobs, rom rTuli gakveTili hqonda, am SemTxvevaSi `rTulSi~
SeiZleba igulisxmebodes, rom saswavlo masalaSi misTvis bevri ram aR-
moCnda gaugebari, ver gaigo maswavleblis axsnili, misT.
komunikaciis damyareba adamianebs uxdebaT mTeli cxovrebis manZil-
ze _ isini msjeloben, saxaven gegmebs, uziareben sxvebs gulisnadebs,
svamen SekiTxvebs, asabuTeben Tvalsazriss, iZlevian rCevebs, anugeSe-
ben sxvebs da a.S. yvelafer amas adamiani SeiZleba Tanabari warmatebiT 2
ver axerxebdes _ mag., romelime Cvengani SeiZleba Zalze logikurad
asabuTebdes sakuTar Tvalsazriss, magram cudi mrCeveli aRmoCndes;
piri, vinc laRad grZnobs Tavs interpersonaluri komunikaciis dros
(mag. klaselis dabadebis dRis zeimze), SeiZleba Zalze susti sajaro
prezentatori iyos da a.S. gaazrebuli, sistemuri da mizanmimarTuli
muSaobis wyalobiT SesaZlebelia rogorc susti mxareebis daZleva, ise
pozitiuri sakomunikacio unarebis Semdgomi ganviTarebac.
zepir komunikaciasTan dakavSirebiT unda gvaxsovdes, rom: 1. lapa-
raki da mosmena erTdroulad mimdinareobs. amasTan, zepiri komunikacia
Tanabrad moiTxovs yuradRebas rogorc mosaubrisgan, ise msmenelisgan
_ es ukanaskneli iseTive aqtiuria, rogoric mosaubre; 2. molaparakesa
da msmenels unda SeeZloT rogorc verbaluri, ise araverbaluri sa-
komunikacio gzavnilebis gageba-amocnoba; 3. warmatebuli komunikaci-
isaTvis aucilebelia, rom molaparakeca da msmenelic sakomunikacio
gzavnilebs erTsa da imave mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen.
zepiri komunikaciis ZiriTadi saxeebia: 1. interpersonaluri komuni
kacia _ interaqcia calkeul adamianebs Soris. mas uniSvnelovanesi adgili
ukavia yoveldRiur yofaSi; 2. jgufuri komunikacia _ interaqcia mcire
jgufebSi, mag., ama Tu im sakiTxis jgufuri ganxilva, dis kusia, misT.;
3. sajaro komunikacia _ sityvis warmoTqma auditoriis winaSe, debatebSi
monawileobis miReba, sxv.; 4. interpretaciuli komunikacia _ ama Tu im
Txzulebis (naSromis) vinmesTvis xmamaRla wakiTxva, leqsis warmoTqma
auditoriis winaSe, visime gamonaTqvamis citireba laparakis dros.
zepiri komunikaciis arsebiTi elementebia:
1. verbaluri gzavnilebi _ sityvebi, romlebsac laparakis dros
viyenebT;
2. araverbaluri gzavnilebi _ arasityvieri gzavnilebi: garegnuli
iersaxe (mag., tansacmeli, varcxniloba, makiaJi, aqsesuarebi, sxv.), saxis
gamometyveleba, kontaqtis damyareba TvalebiT, sxeulis poza, Jesti,
xma (xmis tonaloba, registri, dinamika, tembri, metyvelebis tempi) _ es
yvelaferi zegavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor iqneba aRqmuli Cveni sit
yvebi, ra mniSvnelobas mianiWebs msmeneli Cvens sityvebs. gasaTvalis
winebelia, rom sxvadasxva kulturaSi araverbaluri gzavnilebi SeiZ
leba Zalze gansxvavebuli iyos. mag., bulgareTSi Tavis daqnevas uar
yofis mniSvneloba aqvs; axlo aRmosavleTSi mosaubreni bevrad ufro
axlo distanciaze dganan erTmaneTTan, vidre evropelebi da a.S.
53
3. aRqma _ yvela Cvengani gansxvavebulad aRiqvams samyaros, gansxvav
deba Cveni personaluri aRqmac; amitomacaa, rom erTi da igive naTqvami
adamianebma SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvan _ mag., rasac erTi adami-
ani xumrobad CaTvlis, meorem SeiZleba Seuracxyofad aRiqvas. amdenad,
gzavnilis mniSvneloba cvalebadobs iqidan gamomdinare, rom aRqmis
process Zalze individualuri xasiaTi aqvs.
4. komunikaciis saSualebebi _ sxeulis nawilebi da grZnobis orga-
noebi, romelTa meSveobiT adamianebi erTmaneTs uziareben verbalur
da araverbalur gzavnilebs;
5. ukukavSiri _ verbaluri da araverbaluri gzavnilebi, romleb-
iTac mosaubrebi gamoxataven, esmiT Tu ara erTmaneTisa. ukukavSiri
SeiZleba iyos rogorc pozitiuri (mag., gamamxnevebeli an Tanxmobis
gamomxatveli replikebi, mowonebis gamomxatveli Sorisdebulebi,
gaRimeba, Tavis daqneva Tanxmobis niSnad, gacineba xumrobiT naTqvamze,
sxv.), ise negatiuri (warbebis SeWmuxvna, saxis moRuSva ukmayofilebis
niSnad, Tavis gaqneva uaryofis niSnad, mxrebis aCeCva Secbunebis gamo-
saxatavad, daeWvebuli mzeris mipyroba, uaryofiTi emociebis an eWvis
gamoxatva replikebiT da/an SorisdebulebiT, sxv.).
pozitiuri ukukavSiris niSnebi mosaubres miuTiTebs, rom man
warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi sakomunikacio amocanas _ komunikacia `Sedga~;
uaryofiTi ukugebis niSnebi ki imis niSania, rom mosaubrem raRaca
unda Secvalos _ vTqvaT, axsnas Tavisi motivacia, moiyvanos damatebi-
Ti argumentebi Tavisi azris dasasabuTeblad, mosaubris dasarwmuneb-
lad gaixsenos magaliTebi piradi gamocdilebidan da a.S. komunikaci-
is dros gamoiyeneba agreTve TviTkontroli _ ukukavSirze reagireba,
rodesac komunikaciaSi CarTuli adamiani msmenelis reaqciaze dakvir-
vebiT xvdeba sakuTar nakls, yuradRebas amaxvilebs sakuTar qcevaze,
kritikulad afasebs sakuTar verbalur da araverbalur gzavnilebs
(mag., `me mgoni, Zalian xmamaRla vlaparakob, cota xmas unda davuwio~).
6. konteqsti _ esaa gasaRebi sakomunikacio gzavnilebis adekva-
turad gagebisa da interpretirebisTvis; sakomunikacio gzavnilebis
foni (dro, adgili, konkretuli SemTxveva, adamianebi, sxv.), romelSic
Tavs iyris komunikaciis xuTive zemomoyvanili elementi. mag., saaxal-
wlo zeimze ar wamoviwyebT laparaks sakuTar avadmyofobaze, magram
dawvrilebiT movyvebiT mis Sesaxeb eqimis kabinetSi (dro, adgili); Tuki
vxedavT, rom adamiani Cqarobs, mokled vetyviT mas saTqmels (konkre
tuli SemTxveva); ar vitrabaxebT warmatebiT Cabarebuli gamocdiT
megobarTan, romelic CaiWra (adamianebi) da misT., Tumca ki aq angariS-
gasawevia iseTi faqtorebic, rogorebicaa: kulturis kodi, komunika-
toris fsiqotipi, aRzrda da sxv.
komunikaciis arsebiTi elementebis gacnobiereba da gaazreba erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaaa sakomunikacio amocanis warmatebiT
SesrulebisaTvis.
54
iseTi faqtorebi, rogorebicaa: xmauriani garemo (sirenebis xma, qu-
Cis xmauri, xveleba, xmamaRali musika, Seferxebebi satelefono kav-
Siris dros, sxv.) SeiZleba seriozul barierad gadaiqces interaqci-
is dros. amas garda, interaqciisas barieri SeiZleba warmoqmnas mo-
laparakis uCveulo garegnulma ierma, metyvelebis maneram da/an xmis
specifikurma registrma; agreTve molaparakis da/an msmenelis arakom-
petenturobam, winaswarma ganwyobam, SezRudulma TvalTaxedvam, winas- 2
war SemuSavebulma, akviatebulma ideebma; gadaRlilobam, uyuradRe-
bobam, sxv.
mosmena
mosmena aris procesi, romelic gulisxmobs informaciis miRebas,
interpretacias, Sefasebasa da mosmenilze reagirebas. amasTan, mos-
menisas informaciis miReba xdeba rogorc smenis, ise mxedvelobis or-
ganoebis meSveobiT _ araverbaluri gzavnilebis umetesobis aRqma xom
TvaliTaa SesaZlebeli. yuradRebiani da kvalificiuri msmeneli, Zi
riTadad, iyenebs mosmenis oTx tips. TiToeuli maTgani msmenelisagan
garkveul Zalisxmevasa da codnas moiTxovs. es tipebia, kerZod:
mosmena informaciis misaRebad _ mosmena raime informaciis (mag.
axsna-ganmartebis, instruqciis, axali saswavlo masalis, sxv.) aRqmis
mizniT. maswavlebeli unda acnobierebdes, ramdenad mniSvnelovania
muSaoba am mimarTulebiT _ swavlis procesSi wamoWrili problemebis
umravlesoba imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom moswavleebi yuradRebiT ar
(an ver) ismenen maTTvis saWiro informacias. aRsaniSnavia, rom mosme-
na informaciis misaRebad, amavdroulad, mosmenis danarCeni sami tipis
(emociuri, kritikuli, kreatiuli mosmenis tipebi, maT Sesaxeb ix. qve-
moT) safuZvelsac warmoadgens, radgan gzavnilis adekvaturad gagebis
gareSe SeuZlebelia mTqmelis ideebis gaanalizeba da/an misi emociebis
gaziareba.
imisda mixedviT, Tu ra saxis instruqcias iRebs msmeneli mosmenis
dawyebamde, mosmena SeiZleba iyos zogadi an detaluri. zogadi mosme-
nis dros msmeneli mosmenils aRiqvams mTlianad, detalebSi CaRrmave-
bis gareSe. mag., a) `moismineT da miTxariT, razea laparaki teqstSi.
SeecadeT, daasaTauroT teqsti~ (zogadi mosmena); b) `moismineT teqsti.
mosmenis dros CaiwereT sinonimebi sityvisa lamazi~ (detaluri mosme-
na) da a.S.
informaciis misaRebad mosmenis dros axali informaciis ukeT
damaxsovrebis mizniT, Cveulebriv, mimarTaven Canawerebis keTebis
meTods. Canawerebi msmenels uadvilebs axali informaciis damaxsovre-
basa da SemdgomSi gamoyenebas; exmareba mas, ukeT gaigos mosmenili
informacia, Seajamos da gaiazros igi, gamoitanos daskvna, xelaxla
miubrundes da gadaxedos mas gameorebis an sxva mizniT. gasaTvalis-
winebelia, rom Canaweri ar warmoadgens mosmenilis stenogramas _ igi
55
unda asaxavdes mTavar ideas da/an sawyis Tezas, ZiriTad mosazrebebs;
Seicavdes cxad miTiTebebs, cifrebs an raime maorganizebel elemen-
tebs (sqemebs, gonebriv rukebs, CamonaTvals, sxv.). zogadad, Canawerebi
lakoniuri unda iyos; sityvebi, gansakuTrebiT grZeli sityvebi, xSi
rad Semoklebulia. amasTan, Canawerebis personaluri xasiaTidan ga-
momdinare, sityvebis Semoklebis damkvidrebuli wesebis dacva am dros
savaldebuli ar aris; sityvebis nacvlad ufro metad gamoiyeneba sim-
boloebi (mag., %, $ da sxv.).
arsebobs Canawerebis sxvadasxva tipi, maTgan ZiriTadia: a) mimdevro-
bis amsaxveli Canawerebi, rogorebicaa: sia/CamonaTvali, mokle teqste-
bi (mokle da/an arasruli winadadebebis saxiT). am tipis CanawerebSi,
rogorc wesi, warmodgenilia saTaurebi da/an qvesaTaurebi, ZiriTadi
idea, Temebi; arsebiTi adgilebi SeiZleba gamoyofili iyos sityvebs
qvemoT xazis gasmiT an feradi markerebis meSveobiT, sxv.; b) Canawerebi
grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyenebiT, romelTac garegnulad sxva-
dasxva saxe SeiZleba hqondes. mag., am jgufSi gaerTiandeba Canawerebi,
romlebSic gamoyenebulia obobismagvari diagrama, drois xazi, venis
diagrama, sxv.1; g) Canaxatebi _ grafikuli Canaxatebi sityvebis gareSe
(naxatebi, suraTebi, simboloebi, sxv.); d) Sereuli tipis Canawerebi _
Canawerebi, romlebSic erTdrouladaa gamoyenebuli zemoT aRniSnuli
da/an sxv. meTodebi da saSualebebi _ diagramebi, siebi, mokle winadade-
bebi, calkeuli sityvebi, naxatebi, simboloebi, sxv.
kritikuli mosmena _ gzavnilis gaanalizeba da Sesabamisi reagire-
ba analizis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT (mag., SekiTxvis dasma damatebiTi
informaciis misaRebad, dafiqreba mosmenil argumentebze, azris Se-
qmna, daskvnis gamotana, Sefaseba, misT.). kritikuli mosmena, upirve-
les yovlisa, gulisxmobs faqtebisa da mosazrebebis erTmaneTisagan
gamijvnas da gzavnilis/informaciis wyaros gadamowmebas. kritikulad
mosmenisaTvis moswavleebi unda acnobierebdnen, rom faqti aris mtki
cebuleba, romelic SeiZleba Semowmdes da dadasturdes an ar dadas-
turdes; mosazreba ki aris mtkicebuleba, romelic eyrdnoba adamianis
Sexedulebas, rwmenas, mis gancdasa Tu emocias. mag., faqtia is, rom
2012 wlis 10 maiss TbilisSi temperatura iyo 28° C _ Cven SegviZlia
es informacia gadavamowmoT, uarvyoT an davadasturoT; mosazreba ki
aris is, rom 2012 wlis 28 maiss TbilisSi mSvenieri amindi iyo _ sxvebi
SeiZleba Tvlidnen, rom im dRes Zalze cxeloda da sxv.
kritikuli mosmenis unaris ganviTarebis erT-erT efeqtur saSuale-
bas warmoadgens mag., moswavleTa mier Tanaklaselis zepiri prezen
taciis Sefaseba da am Sefasebis dasabuTeba.
1
am da sxva grafikuli maorganizeblebis Sesaxeb damatebiT ix. qarTuli ena da
literatura, 2011-2016 w.w.-is erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, gzamkvlevi
dawyebiTi safexuris qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavleblebisTvis,
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis centri, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 317-328.
56
SemoqmedebiTi mosmena _ gulisxmobs, rom gzavnilis interpretirebi-
saTvis msmeneli sakuTar warmosaxvas mimarTavs. mag., Txrobis an musikis
mosmenisas SesaZlebelia, warmogvides garkveuli suraT-xatebi (aRelve-
buli zRva, daburuli tye...); Tvalwin gagvicocxldes mosmenili da Tavi
warmovidginoT, vTqvaT, Sua saukuneebis cixe-koSkSi, ukacriel kunZul-
ze, md. amazonis junglebSi da a.S. sazogadod, unda iTqvas, rom am tipis
msmenelebs kargad aqvT ganviTarebuli mosmenis unari. 2
empaTiuri (TanagancdiTi) mosmena _ gulisxmobs sxva adamianis
grZnobebis, gancdebis, emociebis gaziarebas mosmenisas. es msmenelisa-
gan xSirad did TavSekavebasa da moTminebas moiTxovs. zog SemTxvevaSi
molaparakes msmenelisgan rCevis miReba surs, zogjer ki misi mizani
mxolod TviTgamoxatva, emociebis gaziareba da/an emociebisgan `dac
laa~. yvela SemTxvevaSi msmeneli frTxilad da taqtianad unda moeqces
mosaubres.
smenis unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad maswavlebelma unda gaacnobi-
erebinos moswavleebs, rom kargi msmeneli:

verbaluri gzavnilebis mosmenisas yuradRebas aqcevs araverba
lur gzavnilebsac (Jest-mimikas, saxis gamometyvelebas, xmis
awev-dawevas, sxeulis pozas, sxv.);

cdilobs, dainaxos movlenebi mosaubris TvaliT;

uyuradRebod ar tovebs axal da/an moulodnel ideas, mosazre-
bas, Tvalsazriss;

pasuxobs mosaubres saTanado reaqciiT (saTanado dros Tavis
daqneviT, siciliT, taSis dakvriT, Sesabamisi replikiT, Soris-
debuliT, misT.);

cdilobs, daukavSiros mosmenili sakuTar Tavs, pirad gamoc-
dilebas;

yuradRebas aqcevs mosmenili informaciis struqturasa da orga-
nizaciul maxasiaTeblebs;

gaiazrebs ZiriTad Tezisebs; garkveul SemTxvevebSi SeuZlia wi-
naswar gansazRvros, kidev ris Tqmas apirebs oratori.
dabolos, xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos Semdegi _ maswavlebelma mos-
wavleebs unda gaacnobierebinos, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi (sakiTxis
dasazusteblad, gadasamowmeblad, damatebiTi informaciisaTvis, sxv.)
maT yovelTvis SeuZliaT saTanado SekiTxvebis dasma.
laparaki
zepir metyvelebas gansazRvravs sami mniSvnelovani faqtori: a) ad
gili _ is, Tu sad mimdinareobs komunikacia; b) mizani _ ra aris Cveni
mizani komunikaciis dros; g) msmeneli da/an auditoria _ vin aris piri
(vin arian pirebi), romelTanac komunikacias vamyarebT.
57
am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, zepiri metyveleba SeiZleba iyos
formaluri da araformaluri. mag., megobars SeiZleba davemSvidoboT am
gvarad: `kargad~, àba, kargad~, xolo konferenciaze, treningsa Tu semi-
narze axalgacnobil kolegas ki ase _ `kargad brZandebodeT~. amdenad,
formaluri zepiri metyveleba mizanSewonilia saqmian, samsaxurebriv,
oficialur garemoSi; oficialur pirebTan, romlebsac molaparake ax-
los ar icnobs. araformaluri zepiri metyveleba ki gamoiyeneba ojaxSi,
yoveldRiur yofaSi; adamianebTan, romelTac molaparake axlos icnobs.
araformaluri zepiri metyveleba da misi modelebi

araformaluri zepirmetyvelebiTi aqtivobebisaTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli araoficialurobisa da bunebriobis wyalobiT, moswavleebi Tama
mad, Zaldautaneblad erTvebian am tipis saswavlo qmedebebSi, ufro
gaxsnilebi arian urTierTobebisaTvis. es karg saSualebas aZlevs mas-
wavlebels, daakvirdes moswavleTa sakomunikacio unarebs, aRmoaCinos
TiToeuli moswavlis Zlieri da susti mxareebi, raTa SemdgomSi ufro
efeqtianad daexmaros maT naklovanebebis aRmofxvrasa Tu Zlieri mxa-
reebis ganviTarebaSi.
araformaluri zepirmetyvelebiTi modelebis ZiriTadi saxeebia:
• saubari;
• araformaluri diskusia;
• gonebrivi ieriSi;
• jgufSi muSaoba;
• literaturuli wre;
• sxv.
araformaluri saubari mravali saswavlo miznis ganxorcielebis
saSualebas iZleva da mas umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs zepiri eno-
brivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi. saubari aris erTgvari asparezi
moswavleTaTvis, romelic saSualebas aZlevs TiToeul maTgans, aimaR-
los TviTSefaseba, darwmundes sakuTar ZalebSi, daamyaros urTier-
Toba sxva adamianebTan; moiZios da gadasces informacia, Seafasos sa-
kuTari grZnobebi da damokidebulebebi. swored saubari exmareba mos-
wavles, Seiqmnas sakuTari samyaro da erTmaneTs Seadaros Tavisi da
sxvebis gamocdileba; mkafiod Camoayalibos sakuTari mosazrebebi da
Sexedulebebi, moaxdinos axlad SeZenili codnisa da saswavlo masalis
konceptualizacia.
ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom moswavle iTvisebs rogorc magaliTebis
safuZvelze, ise praqtikuli gavarjiSebis saSualebiT. amitom maswav-
lebels SeuZlia moswavleebi CarTos sasaubro rolur TamaSebSic _
amiT isini mieCvevian karg manerebs, rigiTobis dacvas, yuradRebiT mos-
menas, gamoimuSaveben saubrisaTvis saWiro sxva qcevebs.
58
dabolos, unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom araformaluri saubari, ro-
gorc aseTi, warmoadgens ara mizans, aramed saSualebas imisaTvis, rom
moswavle daeuflos garkveul codnasa da unar-Cvevebs kiTxvebis dasmis,
azrTa gacvla-gamocvlisa da sakuTari Sexedulebebisa Tu grZnobebis
sityvierad gadmocemis gziT. araformaluri saubrebis dros moswavle
naklebad daZabulia da SeboWili, dialogebi bunebrivia da spontanuri,
magram efeqturia mxolod maSin, Tu is orientirebulia konkretuli 2
amocanis gadaWraze da gaaCnia mizandasaxuleba. araformaluri saubre-
bi yovelTvis ufro Sedegismomtania maSin, roca maswavlebeli mkafiod
gansazRvravs saswavlo mizans, konkretul amocanas da moswavleebs aw-
vdis gasagebad, martivad Camoyalibebul instruqciebs.
araformaluri diskusia
diskusia karg saSualebas aZlevs moswavles, aiTvisos axali leqsika,
gaigos axali informacia, gamoimuSaos socialuri unar-Cvevebi, rac
aucilebelia zepirmetyvelebis kompetenciebis _ mosmenisa da lapa-
rakis dasaufleblad.
klasSi diskusiis mowyobis araerTi gza arsebobs. magaliTad, maswav-
lebels SeuZlia mTeli klasi CarTos sakiTxis ganxilvaSi, an dayos kla-
si mcire jgufebad. am mcire jgufebs SesaZlebelia daevaloT diskusiis
gamarTva erTsa da imave sakiTxze an Temaze; erTi da imave Temis sxvadasxva
aspeqtze. saswavlo miznidan gamomdinare, diskusia mTel klasSi SeiZleba
win uswrebdes an mosdevdes diskusias mcire jgufebSi, radgan moswav-
leebs sxvadasxva kompetenciis gamoyeneba sWirdebaT sxvadasxva saxis dis
kusiebSi monawileobis dros (diskusiis Sesaxeb ix. agreTve qvemoT).
gonebrivi ieriSi
gonebrivi ieriSis saSualebiT moswavleebi spontanurad erTvebi-
an ideebis generirebaSi. am tipis aqtivobebi sasargebloa im Tvalsaz-
risiT, rom TiToeul monawiles uxdeba iyos mosaubrec da msmenelic,
radganac, erTi mxriv, sTavazobs danarCenebs sakuTar ideebsa Tu mo-
sazrebebs da, meore mxriv, ismens da iwers sxvebisas. procedura daax-
loebiT aseTia:
• Temis gansazRvra;
• moswavlis SerCeva wamoyenebuli ideebis Casawerad;
• ideebis gaziareba (am etapze yvela idea misaRebia. am dros ideebis
generirebis procesi ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre maTi Rirebuleba);
• ideebis detalurad ganxilva.
`gonebrivi ieriSis~ gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc Seswavli-
li masalis gasameoreblad, aseve axali masalis Seswavlis dawyebam-
de, adreuli codnis gasaaqtiureblad. es strategia erTi SexedviT
59
martivi Cans, Tumca, am dros, Zalian advilia swori gzidan gadaxveva.
es moxdeba maSin, Tuki wamoyenebuli ideebisa Tu mosazrebebis Sefaseba
-kategorizacia daiwyeba `gonebrivi ieriSis~ dasrulebamde. am dros sas-
wavlo procesi Sewydeba, radgan daikargeba ZiriTadi mizani _ rac SeiZ
leba meti da gansxvavebuli ideebis generireba, raTa `gonebrivi ieri-
Sis~ dasrulebis Semdeg moxdes maTi srulfasovani ganxilva, Sefaseba-
kategorizacia, aRiniSnos TiToeuli maTganis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi
mxareebi da SeirCes saukeTeso. amasTan, Tuki Sefaseba-kategorizaciis
procesi ìeriSis~ dasrulebamde daiwyeba, zogierT moswavles ar eqneba
saSualeba, gauziaros danarCenebs sakuTari nafiqri, zogierTs ki gauC
ndeba gancda, rom mis mosazrebas akritikeben. es Caklavs maTSi iniciativis
gamoCenis survils, Seaferxebs saazrovno unarebis ganviTarebis process.
jgufuri muSaoba
jgufuri muSaoba, araformaluri zepirmetyvelebiTi aqtivobis
saxiT, gulisxmobs jgufebis wevrebis mosmenasa da maTTan laparaks,
aseve garkveul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mosazrebaTa da Sexeduleba-
Ta gacvla-gamocvlas. amgvari muSaobis dros moswavleebi fokusire-
buli arian problemis gadaWraze, informaciis sistematizaciasa da
wa
kiTxulis safuZvlianad gaazrebaze. jgufuri ganxilvis sworad da
efeqtianad dagegmvisTvis aucilebelia, rom maswavlebelma:
• misces jgufs iseTi davaleba, romlis Sesruleba ar iqneba arc
Zalze advili, arc Zalze rTuli;
• zustad gansazRvros aqtivobisaTvis gamoyofili dro;
• naTlad da gasagebad ganumartos moswavleebs davalebis piroba;
• Seecados, gaagebinos moswavleebs, risTvis aris saWiro davalebis
Sesruleba (ra aris misi mizani);
• SearCios konkretuli zepiri aqtivobis Sesabamisi formati jgu-
fis Sesaqmnelad (mag., mcire an didi jgufi);
• daakompleqtos jgufebi imgvarad, rom maT SeZlon Seuferxeblad
muSaoba da muSaobis dasruleba aqtivobisaTvis gamoyofil droSi.
SeiZleba gamoviyenoT meTodi, romelic am tipis jgufur aqtivobebs
integrirebuli da kvleva-Ziebaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis elementebiT
amdidrebs. maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad wakiTxuli teqstis sa-
fuZvelze dasvams problemas, romlis gadaWrasac isini isurvebdnen. aq
mniSvnelovania, rom Tavad moswavlebma gansazRvron da SearCion prob-
lemebi. problema daiyofa ramdenime Semadgenel nawilad, magaliTad:
mizezebi, Sedegebi, gadaWris gzebi da xangrZliv droze gaTvlili Se-
degebi. amis Semdeg klasi daiyofa mcire jgufebad, xolo am jgufebis
wevr TiToeul moswavles daekisreba problemis romelime erTi kompo-
nentis Seswavla da damuSaveba. isini toveben TavianT jgufs da muSao-
ben sxva jgufebis wevrebTan, romelTac amave komponentis Seswavla
60
aqvT davalebuli. maTi movaleobaa, maqsimaluri informacia miiRon da
Seiswavlon problemis es komponenti. aqtivobis bolo etapze TiToeu-
li moswavle brundeba Tavis jgufSi da gaacnobs Tanajgufelebs mis
mier mopovebul informacias, ama Tu im cnobas. Semdeg isini Tavs uy
rian mTel informacias yvela komponentTan dakavSirebiT da Sejamebu-
li saxiT waradgenen auditoriis winaSe.
aucilebelia, rom jgufuri samuSao gonivrulad iyos SerCeuli. 2
es SeiZleba iyos aqtivoba, romelic moiTxovs saqmis gadanawilebas an
realurad imgvari saqme, romelsac erTi moswavle damoukideblad ver
Seasrulebs. maswavlebelma yuradReba unda miaqcios imasac, rom jguf-
Si yvela wevri muSaobdes. adekvaturad SerCeuli jgufuri samuSao
uviTarebs moswavleebs TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebs, aswavlis maT
samuSaos gonivrulad gadanawilebas; Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom swavla-
swavlebis procesSi aucilebelia erTgvari balansis dacva jgufur da
individualur samuSaoebs Soris: arsebobs imis riski, rom jgufuri
samuSaoebis Warbi gamoyenebis Sedegad moswavle gadaeCvios damoukideb
lad muSaobas, gaxdes sxvaze damokidebuli.
literaturuli wre
sakuTari literaturuli gamocdilebis gasaziareblad aprobire-
bulia iseTi jgufuri strategiis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa `litera-
turuli wre~. igi SeiZleba moewyos rogorc mcire jgufebSi, ise mTel
klasSi. am dros aucilebelia, moswavleebi isxdnen wreSi, raTa saubris
dros yvela uyurebdes erTmaneTs. es Sesaferis atmosferos Seqmnis
azrTa gacvla-gamocvlisTvis, aseve efeqturi komunikaciisTvis.
`literaturuli wre~ ar gulisxmobs wakiTxuli wignis Sesaxeb pre
zentaciis an moxsenebis gakeTebas. am dros moswavleebma Riad da Tavi-
suflad unda gauziaron erTmaneTs sakuTari fiqrebi, STabeWdilebebi,
grZnobebi, aseve codna da erudicia, romelic SeiZines am Tu im wignis
an nawarmoebis wakiTxvis Sedegad. moswavleebma Tavad unda amoirCion
Txzuleba, romelic maT axali wakiTxuli aqvT da moewonaT. isini saub
roben am wignis Tu nawarmoebis Temis, romelime personaJis an epizo-
dis Sesaxeb. moswavle unda ecados, rom daainteresos Tanaklasele-
bi da daarwmunos isini, rom Tavadac waikiTxon es wigni. amisaTvis ki
aucilebelia, rom moswavles winaswar hqondes instruqcia miRebuli
maswavleblisgan, raTa wignze saubrisas Seexos yvelaze mniSvnelovan,
damainteresebel detalebs, magram ar gasces saWiroze meti informacia
(magaliTad, ar gaamxilos ambis dasasruli), raTa msmenelebs ar daekar-
goT am wignis wakiTxvis survili. `literaturuli wris~ monawileebs
SeuZliaT waikiTxon maTTvis yvelaze sayvareli adgilebi wignidan.
`literaturul wreSi~ muSaobisas maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos
sxvadasxva strategia, kerZod: a) sxvadasxva Janris originaluri Tu
Targmnili nawarmoebebis erTad kiTxva (amisaTvis unda SeirCes mcire
61
zomis Txzuleba an fragmenti vrceli Txzulebidan). erTad kiTxvaSi
monawileobs mTeli jgufi. kiTxva mimdinareobs pauzebiT, garkveuli
monakveTis Semdeg gamoiTqmeba azrebi, dasaxeldeba paralelebi li
teraturidan, kinofilmebidan, mxatvrobidan da a.S.; b) fokusirebuli
kiTxva, rac gulisxmobs saintereso fsiqologiuri detalebis (perso-
naJis fsiqotipis, qcevis motivaciis amsaxveli, sxv.), mwerlis stilis,
mxatvruli qsovilis kvlevas; g) kiTxva pauzebiT _ kiTxva Sewydeba
yvelaze daZabul da/an damaintrigebel monakveTSi. daismeba kiTxve-
bi da gamoiTqmeba varaudebi siuJetis SesaZlo ganviTarebis Sesaxeb:
`ra moxdeba amis Semdeg? ratom?~; d) wakiTxulisadmi emociuri damo
kidebulebis gamoxatva werilobiTi formiT _ es gansakuTrebiT efeq-
turia poeturi nawarmoebis kiTxvisas. maswavlebelma unda ganumartos
moswavleebs, rom maT am SemTxvevaSi evalebaT ara analizis dawera,
aramed sakuTari personaluri damokidebulebis, kiTxvis dros miRe-
buli emociuri STabeWdilebis, asociaciebis gamoxatva. moswavleebs
SeuZliaT daweron, ra mogonebebi aReZraT, ra suraT-xatebi daibada
maT warmosaxvaSi, ra feri, musika, misT. gaaxsenaT nawarmoebma. saw
yis etapze, sanam moswavleebi kargad auReben alRos am samuSaos, mas-
wavlebels SeuZlia, winaswar moamzados erTgvari kiTxvari, romelic
daexmareba maT am samuSaos SesrulebaSi.
`literaturuli wris~ meSveobiT moswavleebs SeuZliaT erTmaneTs
aCvenon, rogori siamovnebiT da enTuziazmiT SeiZleba wignis kiTxva,
rac am strategiis erT-erT pozitiur Sedegs warmoadgens. amavdrou-
lad, TavianTi mosazrebebis, Sexedulebebis erTmaneTisaTvis gaziare-
bisa da rCevebis micemis gziT moswavleebs uviTardebaT laparakisa da
mosmenis unar-Cvevebi. konkretuli aqtivobebisaTvis moswavleebma Sei-
Zleba Seqmnan sxvadasxva vizualuri masalac, mag., posterebi, saniSnebi,
wignis gadasakravi yda da sxv.
formaluri zepiri metyveleba da misi modelebi

formaluri zepirmetyveleba moswavlisagan ufro met Zalisxmevas
moiTxovs, vidre araformaluri zepirmetyveleba. formaluri komuni
kaciis dros moswavleebma unda SeZlon daxvewili gamoTqmiT (diqci-
iT) saubari, sakuTari gamoTqmis (diqciis), xmis tembrisa Tu simaRlis
gakontroleba. Tu araformaluri zepiri aqtivobebi Tavisi bunebiT
ufro metad kvlevasa da informaciis moZiebazea orientirebuli, for-
maluri zepirmetyvelebiTi aqtivobebi metwilad orientirebulia ise
Ti Sedegebis miRwevaze, rogorebicaa: informaciis sxvebisaTvis mi-
wodebis, sakuTari ideisa Tu Sexedulebebis prezentirebisa Tu sxvebis
darwmunebis, auditoriaze zemoqmedebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba.
aqedan gamomdinare, formalur zepirmetyvelebaSi sWarbobs warmod-
genis (`performansis~) elementebi, rac naklebad axasiaTebs araforma
lur sametyvelo situaciebs.
62
formaluri zepirmetyvelebiTi modelebis ZiriTadi saxeebia:
• interviu;
• gunduri kiTxva;
• eqspromti;
• dramatizacia;
• roluri TamaSi; 2
• roluri kiTxva;
• imitirebuli sasamarTlo;
• mkiTxvelis Teatri;
• zepiri moxseneba / prezentacia;
• damarwmunebeli saubari;
• debatebi;
• sapanelo diskusia;
• sxv.
interviu
intervius Catareba moswavlisgan moiTxovs konkretuli informaci-
is misaRebad SekiTxvebis mofiqrebas, maT Camoyalibebas da dasmas, aseve
sxvis mier dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas. intervius, misi miznidan
gamomdinare, SeiZleba hqondes oficialuri da araoficialuri xasiaTi.
interviu, rogorc saklaso aqtivoba, xels uwyobs moswavlis ko-
munikaciuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, rac gulisxmobs ara mxolod
kiTxvebis dasmasa da maTze pasuxis gacemas, aramed mosaubris yuradRe-
biT mosmenas, adekvatur reagirebas mis replikebsa da komentarebze,
aseve verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis formebis gamoyenebas
da a.S. amasTanave, intervius Catareba exmareba moswavles, SeiZinos ise
Ti mniSvnelovani unar-Cvevebi, rogorebicaa: monacemebis Segroveba,
daxarisxeba da gamoyeneba, informaciis gaanalizeba da TanamSromloba.
mas Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli gaanawilebs rolebs, intervius
Catarebis mosamzadebeli etapi SeiZleba daigegmos maswavleblis in-
struqciebis Tanaxmad, mag., am TanamimdevrobiT:
• interviueri ukavSirdeba respondents da uTanxmdeba mas Sexve-
draze (maswavlebelma unda mosTxovos moswavleebs, zustad Cai
niSnon intervius Catarebis TariRi, dro da adgili);
• interviueri winaswar gansazRvravs, intervius audioCanawers gaa-
keTebs Tu videos;
• interviueri winaswar moipovebs informacias respondentis Sesaxeb;
• interviueri gadawyvets da mkafiod gansazRvravs intervius
Catarebis mizans;
63
• interviueri winaswar amzadebs kiTxvebis CamonaTvals (am etapi-
saTvis SesaZlebelia gonebrivi ieriSis gamoyenebac).
Tuki moswavleebs ar aqvT intervius Catarebis gamocdileba, sasur-
velia, maswavlebelma garkveuli dro dauTmos interviuebis gaTamaSe-
bas klasSi, sadac erTi moswavle interviueris rols Seasrulebs, meo-
re ki _ respondentisas. maswavlebeli unda ecados, rom moswavleebma
gacvalon rolebi, raTa yvelas mieces saSualeba, dasvas kiTxvebi da
upasuxos maT, ifiqros momdevno kiTxvaze, pasuxebze, mousminos mosa
ubres da hqondes adekvaturi reaqcia mis kiTxvaze, pasuxze, replikasa
Tu komentarze, daazustos informacia da daicvas saubris rigi. mo-
samzadebeli samuSaos Catarebis dros moswavleebi unda mieCvion sa
Wiro da arsebiTi informaciis CaniSvnas, romelsac Semdgom Seajereben
da gaaanalizeben.
gunduri kiTxva
gunduri kiTxva _ gariTmuli strofebisa da leqsebis wakiTxva,
reCitacia an wamRereba saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, axali kuTxiT
gaiazron teqsti, ganiviTaron araerTi fizikuri Tu komunikaciuri
unar-Cveva, maT Soris: bgerebisa da sityvebis warmoTqma, gamoTqmiT
kiTxva, diqcia, intonacia da sunTqvis kontroli. gunduri kiTxva
xels uwyobs moswavleebs gaiazron, Tu rogor SeiZleba azris da/
an Sinaarsis gadmocema metyvelebis iseTi araverbaluri saSualebebiT,
rogorebicaa: intonacia, xmis simaRle, maxvili, metyvelebis tempi da
ritmuloba. gundur kiTxvaSi umniSvnelovanesia is, Tu rogor ismineba
teqsti, rogoria wakiTxulis smeniTi mxare. swored amitom, es aqtivoba
exmareba moswavleebs, kargad aRiqvan da gaiTavison, Tu rogor JRers
poeturi Tu sxva Janris teqstebi, ris saSualebasac Cumi, indivi du
aluri kiTxva ar iZleva.
radganac gunduri kiTxva moiTxovs xmebis harmoniulad Sewyobasa
da erTgvarad Teatralur dadgmas hgavs, igi saWiroebs winaswar dageg
mvas. maswavlebelma winaswar unda ganixilos moswavleebTan Semdegi
sakiTxebi: wasakiTxi teqstis punqtuacia, romeli sityvebi da frazebi
unda warmoiTqvas xmadabla, romeli _ xmamaRla, nela an swrafad, ro-
meli maTganze unda gakeTdes maxvili da sad unda iyos pauza. amasTa-
nave, maswavlebelma da moswavleebma erTad unda gadawyviton, teqsti
mTelma klasma unisonSi unda waikiTxos an daamReros, Tu ajobebs misi
calkeuli adgilebis ganawileba rolebad calkeul moswavleebsa an
moswavleTa jgufebs Soris. amis Semdeg moswavleebs aucileblad das-
WirdebaT repeticiebis gavlac.
64
eqspromti
eqspromti gulisxmobs moumzadebel, spontanurad warmoTqmul si-
tyvas an saubars. swored misi daugegmavi da moulodneli xasiaTi iZle-
va Sanss, rom moswavles ganuviTardes informaciis swrafad organize-
bisa da gaanalizebis unari.
2
dramatizacia
dramatizacia aerTianebs zepirmetyvelebiTi aqtivobebis farTo
speqtrs. igi moicavs rogorc formalur, ise araformalur zepir aq-
tivobebs da karg saSualebas iZleva maTi sxvadasxvagvarad kombinire-
bisaTvis.
dramatizacia enobrivi da pirovnuli zrdis mZlavr iaraRadaa miC-
neuli da interaqtiuri swavlebis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgens. misi
calkeuli aqtivobebi zogjer saukeTeso saSualeba zepimetyvelebis
(laparakisa da mosmenis) araerTi unaris gasaviTareblad. dramatizaci-
is meSveobiT aqtiurdeba da viTardeba moswavlis warmosaxvisa da Semo-
qmedebiTi unarebi. amasTan, misi saSualebiT moswavleebi euflebian
garTobis sakmaod rTul xelovnebasac. Tumca ar unda daviviwyoT,
rom esaa saswavlo procesi, rodesac moswavleebi muSaoben erTad, uzi
areben erTmaneTs sakuTar ideebsa da mosazrebebs, Wrian problemebs
da qmnian axal produqts.
mozardebisTvis unda SeirCes iseTi aqtivobebi, romlebic ganavi-
Tarebs maT socialur unar-Cvevebs, xels Seuwyobs sakomunikacio unar
-Cvevebis daxvewasa da srulyofas, aRmoaCeninebs maT samyaros xedvis
axal kuTxes da sxv. (SerCeva unda moxdes mozardebis individualuri
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT).
dramatizacia ara mxolod aaqtiurebs moswavlis warmosaxvis unars,
aramed aZlevs mas stimuls, ufro Tavdajerebulad da Semoqmedebi
Tad warmoaCinos Tavi. sxva sityvebiT, esaa swavlis procesi xelovnebis
gziT, rodesac moswavleebi safuZvlianad gaiazreben masalas, gamoTq-
vamen da uziareben erTmaneTs sakuTar mosazrebebsa da ideebs, muSao-
ben erToblivad da eZeben problemis gadaWris gzebs.
dramatizaciis aqtivobebis SerCevisas maswavlebelma unda ifiqros
imaze, Tu rogor imuSaos moswavleTa socialuri da sakomunikacio
unarebis ganviTarebaze, daxvewasa da srulyofaze; rogor daexmaros
maT, axali, gansxvavebuli perpeqtividan dainaxon movlenebi da faqte-
bi, aRmoaCinon samyaros xedvis manamde ucnobi kuTxe.
improvizacia, roluri TamaSi, mxatvruli kiTxva, pantomima, mkiTx-
velTa Teatri, piesis dawera, scenaris Seqmna, interviu, cekva, Teatra-
luri warmodgenebi _ es mxolod mcire CamonaTvalia aqtivobebisa, ro-
melTa saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia SemoqmedebiTi unarebis integrire-
ba qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobriv programaSi.
65
roluri TamaSi
roluri TamaSi aqtiuri swavlebis erT-erTi efeqturi strate-
giaa. am tipis aqtivobebi exmareba moswavles pirovnul ganviTareba-
Si, radgan saSualebas aZlevs mas, ganasaxieros sxva adamiani. am dros
moswavles SeuZlia, Tavisuflad, Riad gamoxatos sakuTari grZnobebi;
gadmosces piradi damokidebulebebi da Sexedulebebi. roluri TamaSi
mravalmxrivad uwyobs xels moswavlis TviTgamoxatvas, misi intele-
qtualuri da emociuri SesaZleblobebis, logikuri azrovnebisa da
eTikuri damokidebulebebis gamovlenas. literaturuli Txzulebebis
Seswavlisas roluri TamaSebis saSualebiT moswavleebi ufro Rrmad
gaiazreben TiToeuli personaJis fsiqologiur portrets, maT motiva-
cias da sxv.; zogadad, Caswvdebian adamianuri konfliqtebis arss.
mSobliuri enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze roluri TamaSis
gamoyenebis mizania, ganuviTaros moswavleebs konkretuli sakomuni
kacio amocanis Sesabamisi sametyvelo qcevis arCevis unari, daexmaros
maT lingvisturi komunikaciisa da zogadad, enis araprognozirebadi
bunebis gacnobaSi. esaa Zalze moqnili da moswavleebisTvis saxaliso
sakomunikacio teqnologia, romelic xels uwyobs maTi (moswavleebis)
socialuri unarebis ganviTarebas da farTo SesaZleblobebs sTavazobs
moswavleebs sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis srulyofisTvis; individualuri
variaciebis warmosadgenad, piradi iniciativebis gamosavlenad, warmo-
saxvis unaris gasaviTareblad.
roluri TamaSi maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos, rogorc swav-
lebis aqtiuri fazis efeqturi resursi, romelic saSualebas miscems
moswavles, formalurad naswavli masala `gaacocxlos~ zepiri komu-
nikaciis doneze, moaxdinos misi avtomatizeba da `daamkvidros~ igi pi-
rad gamocdilebaSi. amisTvis maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda misces
saSualeba, Caataron enobrivi eqsperimentebi, gaimeoron ukve aTvise-
buli an axlad naswavli masala (enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi,
leqsika, intonaciuri modelebi, sxv.).
roluri TamaSi ar warmoadgens izolirebul aqtivobas. esaa gak
veTilis nawili, romlis gamoyeneba maswavlebels SeuZlia Tavisi Sexe
dulebisamebr, kerZod: roluri TamaSi SeiZleba iyos gakveTilis kul-
minaciac, romlis drosac moswavleebi imeoreben gakveTilis msvlelo-
bisas aTvisebul codnasa da unar-Cvevebs, aseve gakveTilis erT-erTi
nawilic, romelic daexmareba moswavleebs gakveTilis ZiriTad nawilSi
dasaxuli saswavlo miznis miRwevaSi. igi SeiZleba warimarTos mTeli
klasis monawileobiT, jgufebSi, wyvilebSi an indivividualurad.
roluri TamaSis dros Zalze aqtiurdeba moswavleTa warmosaxvis
unari: isini fantazioroben, mimarTaven improvizacias, Tamamad av-
lenen iniciativebs, rac xSirad sasargeblo lingvistur eqsperimenta-
dac SeiZleba gadaiqces maTTvis. maswavleblis ZiriTadi movaleobaa
roluri TamaSis organizeba da moswavleebze dakvirveba. saWiroebis
66
SemTxvevaSi _ vTqvaT, Tuki TamaSi kargavs dinamikas, uintereso xdeba
moswavleTaTvis, an warimarTeba daugegmavi mimarTulebiT, maswavle-
beli SeiZleba Caerios procesSi: dasvas SekiTxva moswavleTa gasaaqti-
ureblad, gezis misacemad, sxv.).
roluri TamaSebis dagegmva mravalgvarad SeiZleba saswavlo miznisa
da dasamuSavebeli masalis gaTvaliswinebiT. erT-erTi aseTi aqtivobaa,
vTqvaT, moswavle atarebs prezentacias saqarTvelos gaqristianebis 2
Sesaxeb `qarTlis cxovrebis~ teqstis calkeul monakveTebze day
rdnobiT (mirianis nadiroba, taZris aSeneba, sxv.), mas SeuZlia airCios
mirian mefis an nana dedoflis roli da isaubros maTi piriT. aseve
SeuZlia kaxelTa ajanyebis Sesaxeb informacia gaacnos Tanaklaselebs,
rogorc baSi-aCukma an abduSahilma da sxv. am dros moswavle cdilobs,
gaiTvaliswinos Sesabamisi personaJis Tvisebebi da pirovnuli maxasi-
aTeblebi, aseve misi pozicia da xedvis kuTxe.
roluri kiTxva
roluri kiTxva sakmaod mosaxerxebeli meTodia gakveTilis ga-
sacocxleblad. igi moswavleebisaTvis zogjer mosawyen teqstebis
kiTxvas saxaliso da saintereso procesad aqcevs. SesaZlebelia, rom
erT-erT moswavles daevalos teqstis nawyvetis wakiTxva romelime
personaJis magivrad. amavdroulad mas uwevs, warmoidginos es perso-
naJi, gaiTavisos misi xasiaTi da kiTxvisas ganasaxieros igi. magali
Tad, SeiZleba moswavlem waikiTxos romelime nawyveti `baSi-aCukidan~
zaal aragvis erisTavis an biZina ColoyaSvilis piriT. amave perso-
naJebis `rolis morgebiT~ moswavleebs SeiZleba wavakiTxoT nawyveti
sxva nawarmoebidan, romelSic asaxulia igive epoqa (mag., levan goTu-
as `gmirTa varamidan~), aseve romelime Tematurad dakavSirebuli ara
mxatvruli teqstidan (mag. saTanado adgilebi iv. javaxiSvilis `qarT-
veli eris istoriidan~, sxv.). amave tipis aqtivobisaTvis SesaZlebelia
moswavleebma moirgon gamogonili, warmosaxviTi rolebic, magaliTad,
romelime socialuri klasis warmomadgenlisa2.
rolur TamaSebSi gaerTianebuli aqtivobebis masalad SeiZleba
gamoviyenoT moTxrobebi, nawvetebi didi zomis mxatvruli Txzule-
bebidan, piesebidan an filmebidan, aseve leqsebi da poemebi.
imitirebuli sasamarTlo
mxatvruli nawarmoebis ganxilvis mizniT dagegmili am tipis aq-
tivoba qarTul saskolo praqtikaSi cnobilia `literatuli sasamar
2
am mizniT, mag., SeiZleba SeirCes mindiasa da mzias dialogi vaJa-fSavelas poemidan
`gvelismWameli~. es epizodi kargi masalaa imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma gaiazron
konfliqtis arsi (dapirispireba materialursa da suliers Soris), imsjelon
masze, Seafason da gamoitanon daskvnebi.
67
Tlos~ saxeliT. ìmitirebuli sasamarTlo~ ki aqtivobebis ufro far-
To speqtrs moicavs, radgan igi SeiZleba daefuZnos realur cxovre-
biseul SemTxvevebsac da gamogonil `saqmeebsac~, romlebic, Tavis mx-
riv, saswavlo masalas efuZneba. imitirebuli sasamarTlos mosawyobad
pirdapir SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli saswavlo masala _ Txzulebebi,
romlebSic dasmulia problema an asaxulia adamianuri konfliqtebi.
aseT masalad Tanabrad SeiZleba gamodges rogorc aramaxatvruli (pub-
licisturi werili, sainformacio teqsti, sxv.), ise sxvadasxva Janris
mxatvruli teqstebi. moswavleebi inawileben rolebs da cdiloben,
erTi mxriv, maqsimalurad zustad ganasaxieron sakuTari personaJi,
meore mxriv ki, daicvan misi pozicia sasamarTlo procesze. moswav-
leebs aucileblad unda mieceT mosamzadebeli dro, raTa maT SeZlon
argumentebis mofiqreba sakuTari personaJis poziciis dasacavad, aseve
sxva personaJis gamamarTlebeli an gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebis
mosafiqreblad da a.S. ìmitirebuli sasamarTlo~ zepirmetyvelebiTi
unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebasTan erTad xels uwyobs moswavleTa kvleva-
ZiebiTi da SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebasac.
mkiTxvelTa Teatri
mkiTxvelTa Teatri ewodeba teqstis zepir da dramatul warmodge-
nas realuri auditoriis (mag., Tanaklaselebis, Tanaskolelebis, mSob
lebisa da maswavleblebis) winaSe.
miuxedavad imisa, rom es aqtivoba xmamaRali kiTxvis nairsaxeobas
warmoadgens, mkiTxvelTa Teatri ar SeiZleba miviCnioT gunduri kiTx-
vis identur aqtivobad, radgan am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli ar aris
centraluri figura, igi ar uwevs koordinirebas da ar warmarTavs
zepir warmodgenas ise, rogorc amas akeTebs gunduri kiTxvis dros.
mkTxvelTa Teatri ufro metad Tavad monawiles (prezentators) mih
yavs, amasTan, mas ufro spontanuri xasiaTi aqvs, vidre gundur kiTxvas.
mkiTxvelTa Teatri, dramatizaciis msgavsad, saSualebas aZlevs
moswavles, gamoscados da `moirgos~ araverbaluri komunikaciis sxva-
dasxva formebi da gamovlinebebi: Jesti, mimika, xmis tonis monacvleo-
ba da a.S., magram dramatizaciisgan gansxvavebiT, mkiTxvelTa Teatri-
saTvis ar aris aucilebeli dramaturgiuli dadgmisaTvis aucilebeli
iseTi elementebi, rogorebicaa dekoracia, sasceno rekvizitebi da qo-
reografia. amasTan, mkiTxvelTa Teatri ufro Tavisufali da moqni-
li formaa, vidre Teatraluri warmodgena, radgan masSi SesaZlebelia
teqstebis ufro farTo speqtris gamoyeneba; SesaZlebelia isic, rom
erTma monawilem Seasrulos sxvadasxva personaJis an mTxroblis roli
(mravalricxovani klasis SemTxvevaSi erTi roli SesaZloa ramdenime
moswavles gaunawildes).
mkiTxvelTa Teatris warmodgenisaTvis aucilebelia SerCeuli teqs-
tis adaptireba. adaptirebis procesi SeiZleba moicavdes Semdeg etapebs:
68
• Tu nawarmoebi (romani, moTxroba, sxv.) metismetad vrcelia imisaT-
vis, rom erT warmodgenaSi Caetios, maswavlebelma (an Tavad moswav-
leebma) unda SearCios mniSvnelovani da saintereso adgilebi;
• unda SeirCes, romeli personaJebia aucilebeli warmodgenis
gasamarTavad;
• unda ganisazRvros, saWiroa Tu ara warmodgenaSi mTxrobeli, ro-
melic waradgens namuSevars, winaswar Seqmnis ganwyobas da Seamza- 2
debs mayurebels mosasmenad;
• moswavleebs unda mieceT saSualeba, Tavad SearCion rolebi;
• moswavleebs unda mieceT saSualeba, ivarjiSon, gamoscadon da
daareguliron sakuTari xmis simaRle, tonaloba, saubris tempi,
pauzebi efeqtis mosaxdenad da a.S.;
• maswavlebelma unda sTxovos moswavleebs, winaswar ganixilon da
imsjelon im Sinaarsobrivi niuansebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gadmoice-
ma maTi xmis araverbaluri aspeqtebiTa da saxis gamometyvelebiT.
mkiTxvelTa Teatri exmareba moswavleebs, daxvewon TavianTi diqcia,
saubris manera, ivarjiSon gabmiT, Seuferxeblad metyvelebaSi, gamoi-
yenon ena, rogorc sakuTari warmosaxvis xorcSesxmis saSualeba; sabo
lood ki, meti Tavdajerebuloba SeiZinon laparakis dros.
zepiri gamosvla
zepiri gamosvlis teqstis momzadebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia zepiri
metyvelebis specifika: gamomsvlels, kerZod, unda axsovdes, rom esaa
erTgzisi aqti _ msmenelebs ar eqnebaT saSualeba, xelaxla daubrun
dnen zepiri gamosvlis teqsts calkeuli sakiTxebis dasazusteblad,
rogorc es, vTqvaT, wignis/gazeTis, zogadad, werilobiTi teqstis
mkiTxvels SeuZlia gaaakeTos.
am specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT, udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas,
rom gamosvlas hqondes cxadad gamokveTili mizani da advilad aR-
saqmeli struqtura. imisaTvis, rom zepiri gamosvla ufro damainte
resebeli da STambeWdavi iyos, sasurvelia, moswavlem gamoiyenos raime
TvalsaCinoeba, magaliTad, diagramebi, miniklipi, suraTebi, sxvadasx-
va rekviziti, aseve audio_ da videomasala. es daexmareba msmenels,
kargad gaigos da/an advilad gaixsenos mosmenili informacia. kar-
gi iqneba, Tuki maswavlebeli urCevs gamomsvlels, rom gamosvlisas
teqstis wakiTxvis an gazepirebuli teqstis monotonurad warmoTqmis
nacvlad isaubros Tamamad da daamyaros kontaqti auditoriasTan. ga-
mosvlis dros orators SeuZlia gamoiyenos mokle Canawerebi (Tezise-
bi) furcelze an baraTebze. aseTi gamosvla, cxadia, ufro cocxali da
saintereso iqneba msmenelebisaTvis.
dabolos, auditoriis yuradRebis SesanarCuneblad mniSvnelovania,
zepiri gamosvlisaTvis SeirCes iseTi adgili, rom gamomsvlels mTe-
69
li auditoria xedavdes. xmadabla da gaubedavad mosaubre moswavleebs
maswavlebeli unda daexmaros xmis tembrisa da simaRlis regulirebaSi.
zepiri gamosvlis teqstis momzadeba xuTi etapisagan Sedgeba. ese-
nia, kerZod: 1) Tezisis naTelyofa _ Tezisi, esaa mosazreba/debule-
ba, romelsac vasabuTebT. mas sxvagvarad miznis ganacxadsac uwode-
ben. es gulisxmobs imgvari winadadebis/winadadebebis Sedgenas, romel-
Sic momxseneblis mizania gacxadebuli (mag., `msurs dagarwmunoT, rom
kompiuterul TamaSebs didi sargebloba moaqvT bavSvebisaTvis~, sxv.);
2) adekvaturi organizaciuli yalibis SerCeva; 3) sityvis gegmis Sed-
gena; 4) adekvaturi enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis SerCeva; 5)
Sesavali nawilisa da daskvnis Camoyalibeba.
Tezisis ganacxadi _ masSi Sejamebulia zepiri gamosvlis ZiriTadi
mizani an idea. Tezisis ganacxadi, rogorc wesi, moicavs erT-sam wina-
dadebas da msmenelebs acnobs: a) zepiri gamosvlis Temas, b) ZiriTad
debulebebs da/an struqturul-organizaciul mxares, g) mizans. mag.,
davuSvaT, rom oratorma Tavisi gamosvla daiwyo amgvarad: `fexburTs
SeuZlia Zalze sasargeblo gamocdileba SesZinos moswavleebs, radgan
igi aviTarebs maT sportul monacemebs, aCvevs moswavleebs janmrTeli
cxovrebis wess da aZlevs maT saSualebas, megobrebis wreSi gaataron
Tavisufali dro~. kvalificiuri msmeneli amis mosmenisas ukve xvdeba,
rom: a) oratori, savaraudod, ilaparakebs saskolo safexburTo gun-
dze (Tema); b) zepiri gamosvla, savaraudod, Sedgeba sami nawilisagan da
fokusirebulia sam ZiriTad debulebaze (1. sportuli monacemebis gan-
viTareba; 2. janmrTeli cxovrebis wesi, 3. Tavisufali dros gatareba
megobrebis wreSi). msmenelisTvis naTelia agreTve oratoris mizanic _
gaacnos auditorias fexburTis TamaSis sami dadebiTi mxare.
tradiciulad, zepiri gamosvlis teqsti Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi
struqturuli nawilisagan. esenia: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna.
organizaciuli yalibi Tavs iCens teqstis ZiriTad nawilSi. zepiri
gamosvlis ZiriTadi yalibebia: a) qronologiuri (faqtebi/movlenebi
warmodgenilia maTi droiTi mimdevrobis dacviT), b) sivrciTi, g) pro-
cesualuri (msvlelobis Tanamimdevrobis dacviT), d) Tematuri, e)
problemis gadaWraze orientirebuli.
zepiri gamosvlis dros oratori dasaxul mizans miaRwevs mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki misi ZiriTadi Tezisi ganmtkicebulia sando, sar-
wmuno da adekvaturi damadasturebeli masaliT, rogorebicaa: maga
liTebi, citatebi, statistikuri monacemebi, magaliTebi piradi gamoc-
dilebidan, vizualuri masala, saTanado aRwera (pirovnebis, adgilis,
sagnis, movlenis, xelovnebis nimuSis, sxv.). damadasturebeli masalis
SerCevisas oratorma unda gansazRvros da gaiTvaliswinos: a) faqtia
igi Tu mosazreba; b) sandoa Tu ara wyaro _ es, upirveles yovlisa,
gulisxmobs adekvaturi wyaros SerCevas (mag., usafrTxoebis Rvedebis
efeqtianobis sakiTxSi gasarkvevad sando wyarod SeiZleba CaiTvalos
70
avtosagzao inspeqtori, satransporto mimosvlis eqsperti, da ara,
vTqvaT, bankis moxele); g) Seesatyviseba Tu ara igi gamosvlis mizans
(mag., Tuki mizans warmoadgens meore msoflio omis Sedegebis mimoxil-
va, damadasturebel masalad ar SeiZleba gamoviyenoT magaliTebi Tamar
mefis epoqis qarTuli samonastro cxovrebidan); d) SerCeulia Tu ara
adekvaturi drois periodi (mag., Tuki vlaparakobT gul-sisxlZarRvTa
daavadebebiT gamowveul sikvdilianobaze, ar SeiZleba gamoviyenoT me- 2
19 s-is monacemebi _ gul-sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebiT gamowveuli sikv-
dilianoba dReisaTvis bevrad ufro maRalia, ase rom me-19 s-is statis-
tika am SemTxvevaSi mxolod Sesadareblad Tu gamodgeba); 2) ramdenad
reprezentatiulia igi. kerZod, damadasturebeli masala ar CaiTvleba
sarwmunod, Tuki gamoyenebuli iqneba mxolod erTeuli, gamonaklisi
SemTxvevebi, romelTa ganzogadeba ar moxerxdeba (mag., Tuki klasSi
erTi hiperaqtiuri moswavlea, ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom hiperaqti-
uloba am klasis moswavleTa umTavres problemas warmoadgens).
sainformacio zepiri gamosvla

esaa zepiri gamosvla, romelic gvawvdis ama Tu im saxis informa-
cias. misi mizania, aamaRlos msmenelTa codnis done Tu informire-
bulobis xarisxi. am tipis zepiri gamosvlebis jgufs miekuTvneba,
mag., maswavleblis saleqcio tipis zepiri gamosvla (ama Tu im mwerlis
biografiaze, literaturul mimdinareobaze, sxv.), aseve informaciis
mimwodebeli nebismieri sxva zepiri Setyobinebac (mag,., Wadrakis wris
mecadineobebis ganrigis msmenelTaTvis gacnoba).
sainformacio zepiri gamosvla mizans miaRwevs im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki:
a) msmenelebi dainteresebulni arian mowodebuli informaciiT. mag.,
rodesac maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs, ra sakiTxebi unda gaim-
eoron mniSvnelovani testirebis win, mas garantirebuli aqvs moswav-
leebis yuradReba; b) informacia dakavSirebulia msmenelebis winare
codnasTan. mag., imisaTvis, rom moswavleebi dainteresdnen argumen-
tirebis, adamianebis darwmunebis strategiebiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia
magaliTebi moiyvanos moswavleTaTvis kargad nacnobi satelevizio
Tu sxv. saxis reklamebidan da aCvenos maT, ramdenad did zegavlenas
axdenen isini adamianebze; g) informacia kargadaa organizebuli _ es
Zalze mniSvnelovania misi aRqmisa da damaxsovrebisTvis. kargi organi-
zeba gulisxmobs Sesabamisi organizaciuli yalibis SerCevas da adek-
vaturad gamoyenebas. organizaciuli yalibi SeiZleba iyos, kerZod:
droiTi, sivrculi, procesualuri (raime Tanamimdevrobis dacviT)
da Tematuri (organizaciuli yalibebis Sesaxeb damatebiT ix. argu-
mentirebuli zepiri gamosvla); d) informacia ganmeorebadia _ gan-
meorebadoba msmenelebs uadvilebs informaciis damaxsovrebas. es ar
niSnavs, rom oratorma sityvasityviT unda gaimeoros adre naTqvami _
sakmarisi iqneba, Tuki igi sxva sityvebiT, gansxvavebuli aqcentis das-
71
miT gaimeorebs Tavis ideas/ideebs; e) informacia fokusirebulia erT
Temaze _ rac ufro metia miwodebuli masala, miT ufro gauZneldebaT
msmenelebs misi aRqma.
sainformacio zepiri gamosvlis ZiriTadi tipebia: aRwera, gansaz-
Rvra, demonstrireba.
1. aRwera _ oratoris mizania raimes (pirovnebis, adgilis, sagnis/
movlenis, gamocdilebis, emociis, sxv.) aRwera. am tipis sityvebis Te-
mebi SeiZleba iyos, mag., `2011 wlis musikis festivali TelavSi~; `sami
dRe xevsureTSi~, sxv.
2. gansazRvra _ oratoris mizania, msmenelebs detalurad auxsnas
raime sityva an cneba. mag., auxsnas msmenels, ras niSnavs piradad mis
Tvis cneba `megobroba~ an òjaxi~ da sxv.
3. demonstrireba _ oratoris mizania, msmenelebs ganumartos
calkeuli cneba, gaacnos sagani an movlena, risTvisac iyenebs mi-
wodebis sxvadasxva saSualebas (posters, Jestikulacias, moZraobas,
sxv.). mag., axali modelis manqanaze saubrisas oratorma SeiZleba ga-
moiyenos manqanis sareklamo posteri da/an foto; Wadrakis partiaze
saubrisas _ saWadrako dafa, ama Tu im cekvis swavlebisas ki moaxdinos
calkeuli moZraobebis demonstrireba da a.S.
damarwmunebeli zepiri gamosvla

argumentireba msmenelis darwmunebis mizniT warmoadgens sako-
munikacio process (zepiri da/an werilobiTi saxis), romlis mizania,
Secvalos msmenelis azri (Tvalsazrisi, Sexeduleba, warmodgena, misT.)
da SeZlos misi darwmuneba. mas, vinc Tavis pozicias asabuTebs, argu-
mentatori ewodeba, im adamians ki, viskenac aris mimarTuli argumen-
tirebuli zepiri sakomunikacio gzavnili _ recipienti (laT. mimRebi).
damarwmunebel sakomunikacio gzavnilebs umniSvnelovanesi adgili
ukavia adamianis yoveldRiur yofaSi: Cven xSirad gviwevs am tipis sako-
munikacio gzavnilebis Seqmna ama Tu im piris (kolegis, ojaxis wevris,
sxv.) dasarwmuneblad; sxvebi, Tavis mxriv, cdiloben Cvens darwmunebas
raRacaSi; amas garda, am tipis gzavnilebs yvela Cvengans didi raode-
nobiT sTavazobs media, sareklamo-sainformacio saagentoebi da sxv.
argumentaciis strategiebis gacnoba da gaazreba xels uwyobs kri-
tikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas; aRniSnuli strategiebis efeqturad
gamoyenebis Seswavla ki erT-erTi winapirobas warmoadgens warmatebu-
li komunikaciisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad.
warmatebuli, sasurveli Sedegis mqone damarwmunebeli zepiri ga-
mosvlis mosamzadeblad gamomsvlelma unda gaiTvaliswinos 5 ZiriTadi
faqtori. esenia, kerZod:
72
1. saTanado Temis SerCeva _ saukeTeso Sedegebi miiRweva im Sem
TxvevaSi, rodesac SerCeulia: a) sakamaTo Tema, romlis mimarT araerT-
gvarovani damokidebuleba arsebobs; b) Tema, romelic personaluradaa
mniSvnelovani oratorisaTvis. marTlac, Tuki orators TviTon ar ain-
teresebs salaparako Tema, mas Zalze gauWirdeba sxvebis darwmuneba;
azrTa sxvadasxvaobis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi ki, saerTod, arc war-
moiSveba am tipis komunikaciis saWiroeba. 2
Temis SerCevis Semdeg gamomsvlelma unda gaiazros da gansazRvros
Tavisi pozicia, Tumca amisTvis mas SeiZleba winaswari mcire mokvlevis
Catarebac dasWirdes _ mag., winaswar Seiswavlos garemos dacvis prob-
lematika (ekologiuri safrTxeebi: haeris dabinZureba, tyeebis ukano-
no moWra, gaecnos sxvadasxva qveynis gamocdilebas, sxv.) da gamoi-
muSaos azri, Tu konkretulad ra aucilebeli RonisZiebebis Catarebaa
saWiro garemos dasacavad.
2. efeqturi komunikaciis dasamyareblad gamomsvlelma aucileb-
lad unda gaiTvaliswinos msmenelTa moTxovnilebebi da saWiroebebi;
zogadad, auditoriis specifika. efeqturi argumentirebuli zepiri
gamosvlis mosamzadeblad oratorisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba adamianis
motivaciisa da moTxovnilebebis mamoZravebel Zalebze Tundac zogadi
warmodgenis Seqmna.
am TvalsazrisiT gasaTvaliswinebelia amerikeli fsiqologis, abra-
ham maslous (1908-1970) Teoria, romelic mecnierma SeimuSava adami-
anis motivaciisa da qcevis asaxsnelad. maslous Tanaxmad, adamianis
qcevas mTlianad gansazRvravs moTxovnilebebi, romlebic SeiZleba
daiyos or jgufad: a) Tandayolil anu biologiur moTxovnilebebad
da b) SeZenil anu socialur da pirovnul moTxovnilebebad. kavSiri
am moTxovnilebebs Soris, mkvlevaris azriT, xuTsafexuriani ierarqi-
is saxiT SeiZleba warmovidginoT. amis gamo maslous Teorias moti-
vaciis ierarqiul Teorias uwodeben. tradiciulad, moTxovnilebaTa
maslouseul ierarqias piramidis formis grafikuli naxazis saxiT war-
moadgenen (ix. qvemoT).
naxazi. adamianis moTxovnilebaTa piramida.
73
TviT
realizacia
sakuTari potencialis
ganviTareba da
realizacia
dafaseba/pativiscema
dadebiTi TviTSefaseba,
aRiareba, pativiscema
siyvaruli, socialuri
kavSirebi
socialuri urTierTobebi, siyvaruli,
CarTuloba, zrunva
usafrTxoeba
stabiluroba, komforti,
wesrigi, daculoba
fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebi
sakvebi, wyali, Jangbadi,
TavSesafari, Zili, siTbo...
maslous piramidis qveda safexuri ukavia adamianis biologiur da

fiziologiur mTxovnilebebs (wyali, sakvebi, Zili, sqesobrivi ltol-
va, misT.); meore safexuri _ usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebebs (stabiluro-
ba, usafrTxoeba, komforti, wesrigi, cxovrebis pirobebis mdgradoba,
misT.); mesame safexuri _ socialur moTxovnilebebs, agreTve, siyvaru
lis moTxovnilebas (socialuri kavSirebi, siyvaruli, sxvebze zrun-
va, TanamSromloba, CarTulobis gancda, Tanagancda, misT.); meoTxe
safexuri _ pativiscemisa da prestiJis moTxovnilebebs (sakuTari Ta
vis pativiscema, dadebiTi TviTSefaseba; dafaseba, aRiareba da pativis-
cema sxvebis mxridan, warmatebis miRweva, misT.); mexuTe, zeda safexuri
ki ukavia TviTrealizaciis moTxovnilebebs (sakuTari potencialis
ganviTareba da realizeba, TviTidentifikacia, TviTgamoxatva, misT.).
maslous mixedviT, adamianebs maRali donis moTxovnilebebi uCndebaT
mxolod sabaziso moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg3. sxva si-
tyvebiT, adamians, romelsac saxsrebi ar hyofnis ojaxis gamosakvebad,
ver davarwmunebT imaSi, rom misTvis uaxlesi modelis kompiuteris
SeZenas pirvelxarisxovani mniSvneloba aqvs.
3
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom maslous Teoria ar aris universaluri. garkveul
SemTxvevebSi, adamians SeiZleba ar hqondes dakmayofilebuli qveda safexuris
moTxovnileba, magram mis qcevas warmarTavdes zeda safexuris moTxovnileba.
74
amdenad, damarwmunebeli zepiri gamosvlis momzadebis dros,
dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad, oratorma sworad unda gansazRvros da
gaiTvaliswinos auditoriis moTxovnilebebi da prioritetebi.
3. sakuTari Tavis warmoCena sakiTxSi kompetentur, sando pirad _
msmenelebis dasarwmuneblad maTi ndobis mopovebaa aucilebeli, ndo-
bas ki aRZravs mxolod is adamiani, romelic: a) erkveva gansaxilvel
sakiTxSi (aqvs saTanado gamocdileba da/an sagangebod Seiswavla igi); 2
b) dakavSirebulia ama Tu im kuTxiT gansaxilvel sakiTxTan (mag., aris
TviTmxilveli, aqvs nacnoboba saTanado wreebSi da flobs utyuar in-
formacias, sxv.); g) amJRavnebs interess gansaxilveli sakiTxis mimarT,
laparakobs enTuziazmiT (am mizniT iyenebs saTanado Jestikulacias,
xmis tembrs, sxv.), rac msmenelebs afiqrebinebs, rom oratoris Tval-
sazrisi mniSvnelovani da gasaTvaliswinebelia.
4. argumentireba _ msmenelebis darwmuneba oratoris sityvebis WeS-
maritebaSi SeuZlia mxolod iseT arguments, romelsac axlavs saTana-
do mtkicebuleba/mtkicebulebebi (damadasturebeli masala, faqtebi,
magaliTebi, misT.), Tumca mxolod es sakmarisi ar aris. aucilebelia,
oratorma SeZlos mtkicebulebebis calkeul elementebs Soris logi-
kuri kavSirebis damyareba da gaazrebuli, argumentirebuli msjelobis
warmarTva.
argumentirebas gaaCnia tradiciulad Camoyalibebuli struqtura,
romelic aerTianebs sam elements. esenia: a) Tezisi _ Tvalsazrisi/
debuleba, romelic unda dasabuTdes. amdenad, argumentaciis procesi
swored maszea fokusirebuli; 2) argumenti _ mtkicebuleba, romle
biTac xdeba Tezisis dasabuTeba. argumentebis SerCeva SemoqmedebiTi
procesia, romelzedac zegavlenas axdens sxvadasxva faqtori: argumen-
tatoris msoflmxedveloba, codnis done, ideologia, Rirebulebebi
da faseulobebi, konkretuli faqtorebi da sxv. gasaTvaliswinebelia
auditoriis, anu informaciis mimRebis faqtori. is, rac erTi msmene
lisTvis (recipientisaTvis) gasagebi da misaRebia, meorisaTvis sruli-
ad miuRebeli da/an arasarwmuno aRmoCndes; 3) demonstrireba (igive
argumentireba) _ logikuri kavSiris warmoCena Tezissa da arguments
Soris (amasTan dakavSirebiT agreTve ix. qvemoT, qveTavSi 6.2 `SesaZlo
logikuri Secdomebi argumentirebis dros~).
5. dasabuTeba, ZiriTadad, sami tipisaa. esenia: a) induqciuri _ igi
iyenebs sxvadasxva konkretul faqts/informacias, romlebsac daskvnaSi
ganazogadebs (mag., `Cems klaselebs _ elenes, giorgis, Takos, ninos,
mariamsa da iraklis Zalian uyvarT Txilamurebze sriali. sportis
es saxeoba sakmaod popularulia Cems klasSi~); b) deduqciuri _ igi
iyenebs zogad informacias im mizniT, rom gaiazros, Seafasos, axsnas
da/an daskvna gamoitanos raime konkretulis (ama Tu im faqtis, movle-
nis, pirovnebis, sxv.) Sesaxeb (mag., `sportsmeni moswavleebi didi po
pularobiT sargebloben TanatolebSi. irakli, romelic wlevandeli
75
saTxilamuro Cempionatis monawilea, Zalian popularulia mTel sko-
laSi~); g) mizezSedegobrivi _ igi gamokveTs mizezSedegobriv kavSirebs
sagnebs, movlenebsa Tu faqtebs Soris (mag., àq wlebis ganmavlobaSi
masiurad iCexeboda tye, ris gamoc wylis resursebis raodenoba Zalze
Semcirda~).
zepiri gamosvlis organizeba _ problemis gadaWraze fokusirebuli
organizaciuli yalibi yvelaze farTod gamoiyeneba argumentirebuli
zepiri gamosvlis warmoTqmisas.
organizebis aRniSnuli forma gulisxmobs, rom oratori msmenelebs
gaacnobs/wamoWris problemas da aRuwers maT problemis gadaWris
gzebs. oratoris mizania, daarwmunos auditoria, rom: a) problema se-
riozulia, b) problemis gadaWris gza, SeTavazebuli oratoris mier,
saukeTesoa yvela SesaZlo variants Soris (aRniSnuli organizaciuli
yalibis saCveneblad ix. qvemoT warmodgenili nimuSi).
argumentirebuli msjeloba aucilebelad saWiroebs, agreTve, kar-
gad gaazrebul, logikurad gamarTul mimarTebebs.
logikuri mimarTebebi _ mimarTebebi yoveli msjelobis aucile
bel damaxasiaTebel niSans warmoadgens. cnebebi, sagnebi, movlenebi da
faqtebi erTmaneTisagan izolirebulad ar arsebobs. isini erTmaneT-
Tan mravalnair mimarTebebSi imyofebian. es mimarTebebi SeiZleba iyos:
mizezSedegobrivi (à mizezia b-si~; `b Sedegia a-si~), droiTi (`boloniis
universiteti parizis universitetze ufro adre daarsda~), sivrciTi
(`TurqeTi saqarTvelos samxreTiT mdebareobs~), igiveobrivi (`guladi
igivea, rac mamaci~); sagansa da mis niSan-Tvisebas Soris arsebuli (ès
vaSli wiTelia~), calkeul sagansa da saganTa klass Soris arsebuli
(`petre adamiania~) da sxv. nebismieri msjeloba aris azri, romelic
asaxavs saganTa Soris arsebul mimarTebebs.
amdenad, struqturulad da organizaciulad gamarTuli argumen-
tirebuli zepiri gamosvla aucilebelad gulisxmobs calkeul nawi
lebs Soris arsebuli logikuri mimarTebebis warmoCenas, romlebic am
mimarTebebis amsaxveli Sesabamisi enobrivi saSualebebiT aris xolme
warmodgenili. logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi saSualebe-
bi (e.w. gadasvlebi) SeiZleba iyos calkeuli sityva, Sesityveba, fra-
za, romlis funqcias warmoadgens garkveuli mimarTebebis damyareba
ideebs, sagnebs, faqtebs, movlenebs Soris, maTi erTmaneTTan dakav-
Sireba raime niSnis mixedviT _ ama Tu mosazrebis wamoyenebis Semdeg
orators saTanado enobrivi konstruqciis meSveobiT SeuZlia gamokve-
Tos, rom `gadadis~ axal mosazrebaze, romelic ama Tu im saxiT ukav-
Sirdeba ukve gamoTqmuls (ideas/cnebas, sxv.).
logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli tradiciuli enobrivi saSuale-
bebia:
76
o amave dros; maSin roca; im dros, roca;
o ufro adre; ufro gvian;
o erTi mxriv...; meore mxriv...;
o jer..., Semdeg...
o jer erTi..., meorec...;
o agreTve; 2
o meorec;
o dasasrul;
o Sedegad;
o amasTan erTad;
o garda amisa; amas garda;
o magaliTad;
o amis sapirispirod;
o sxva sakiTxia...; sul sxvaa...;
o ...-Tan SedarebiT;
o meore mxriv;
o amitom; amdenad; ase rom;
o es igivea, rac...;
o rom SevajamoT;
o maSasadame;
o unda davaskvnaT; daskvnis saxiT..., aqedan gamomdinare,
o sxv.
nimuSi. damarwmunebeli zepiri gamosvla (gegma-monaxazi)

Tema: vandalizmi.
organizaciuli yalibi: problemis gadaWraze fokusirebuli.
1. Sesavali
dasawyisi: uxeSi vandalizmis gamovlinebis erTi konkretuli faqti
(sasurvelia, uaxlesi warsulidan).
mizani: msmenelebis darwmuneba imaSi, rom am mZime danaSaulis wi-
naaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonis gamkacrebas SeuZlia Seamciros vanda
lizmis faqtebis raodenoba.
2. problema
a) vandalizmSi braldebulTa sasjeli Zalze msubuqia: damnaSaveebs
ar aSinebT SesaZlo pasuxismgebloba.
b) vandalizmSi braldebulebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebul sanqciebSi
77
Semsubuqebis tendencias ikveTeba.
g) sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba Tavi iCinos sakuTrebis, kulturisa da
bunebis Zeglebis, sxv. daucvelobis gancdam.
d) vandalizmis faqtebi ufro mcirea msoflios im qveynebSi, sadac
vandalizmi Zalze mkacrad isjeba.
3. problemis gadawyveta
a) vandalizmis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonis gamkacreba im qveynebis
gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebT, sadac mcirea/sul ufro mcirdeba van-
dalizmis faqtebi.
b) sainformacio samuSaoebis Catareba vandalizmis Temaze (saTanado
bukletebis, plakatebis, sareklamo-sainformacio rgolebis momzadeba
televiziisaTvis, sxv.), sazogadoebis yuradRebis gamaxvileba am prob-
lemaze.
g) saTanado Rirebulebebisa da faseulobebis swavleba (sakuTrebis
pativiscema, kulturisa da bunebis Zeglebis mniSvnelobis gacnobiere-
ba, sxv.).
4. daskvna
a) argumentebisa da ideebis Sejameba.
b) ar davuSvaT, rom kvlav ganmeordes is incidenti, romliTac da-
viwyeT saubari.
rogorc vxedavT, oratorma msmenelebs SesTavaza oTxi mosazre-
ba imis saCveneblad, rom problema seriozulia, mis gadasaWrelad ki
dasaxa sami gza.
5. mcdari argumentireba
msmenelebis dasarwmuneblad oratorma SesaZlebelia mimarTos
strategias, romelsac mcdari argumentireba ewodeba. amas garda,
SesaZlebelia, rom argumentaciaSi daSvebuli iyos logikuri xasiaTis
Secdomebi.
amdenad, Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom msmenelebs SeeZloT rogorc
oratoris strategiis, ise logikuri Secdomebis amocnoba, raTa ar
dauSvan Secdoma da/an miscen orators manipulirebis saSualeba.
5. 1. mcdari argumentirebis strategiebi:

 zogadi mtkicebulebebi _ gamoyeneba mtkicebulebebisa, romel-
Tac ar axlavT saTanado argumentebi, konkretuli damadas-
turebeli masala. mag., `qalebi cudi mZRolebi arian~. Tuki am
sityvebis avtori ar daasabuTebs naTqvams faqtiT/faqtebiT, av-
78
tosagzao SemTxvevebisa Tu saavtomobilo wesebis darRvevebis
statistikiT, misT., igi ver SeZlebs kvalificiuri msmenelis
darwmunebas.
 calmxrivi an arasruli argumentireba _ igi gulisxmobs, rom
magaliTebi arasakmarisia, argumentebi arasrulia an saerTod
ar aris moyvanili, sakiTxis yvela mxare warmoCenili ar aris.
mag., dasaqmebis firmis Tanamromlis naTqvamSi `Cveni firma ukve 2
didi avtoritetiT sargeblobs. Cven SegviZlia davasaqmoT yvela
msurveli maRalanazRaurebadi samuSaoTi sazRvargareT~ infor-
macia arasakmarisia _ araferia naTqvami mTeli rigi mniSvnelo-
vani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, kerZod: konkretulad, romel qveyana-
Si sTavazobs firma msurvelebs dasaqmebas, ra tipis samuSaoebs
sTavazobs, rogori iqneba samuSaos grafiki, ra Tanxa igulis
xmeba sityvebSi `maRalanazRaurebadi samuSao~, ra statusi eqne-
ba dasaqmebuls sazRvargareT cxovrebisas. ganacxads firmis
avtoritetis Sesaxeb ki ar axlavs aranairi argumentacia (mag.,
saTanado monacemebi, magaliTebi, faqtebi, sxv.).
 sxvadasxva produqciis reklamirebis dros (`yvela qali, vinc
zrunavs Tavis garegnobaze, iyenebs ...-is kosmetikas~).
 daukavSirebeli damowmebebi _ argumentaciis mizniT gamoyeneba
imgvari faqtebis, realiebis, monacemebis, sagnebisa da sxv., rom-
lebic gasaxilvel sakiTxTan kavSirSi ar aris. mag., davuSvaT, rom
cnobili sportsmeni mSoblebs bavSvebis acrisken mouwodebs.
kvalificiuri msmenelebisTvis misi sityvebi sarwmuno ar iqneba,
radgan igi (sportsmeni) bavSvebis acris sakiTxTan kavSirSi ar
aris. igive mowodeba efeqtiani iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki misi
avtori iqneba pediatri _ saTanado kvalifikaciis mqone piri,
vinc profesiuladaa dakavSirebuli am sakiTxTan. rac Seexeba
sportsmens, misi mowodeba SeiZleba efeqtiani iyos, vTqvaT, im
SemTxvevaSi, Tuki igi warmogvidgeba rogorc mSobeli, romlis
Svili aucrelobis gamo seriozulad dazaralda (kavSiri piradi
gamocdilebis safuZvelze).
5.2. SesaZlo logikuri Secdomebi argumentirebis dros

 msjelobis WeSmaritebis cxadyofas dasabuTeba ewodeba.
dasabuTeba sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. esenia: 1. Teza _ azri/
debuleba, sxv., romelsac vasabuTebT; 2. safuZveli (igive argu-
menti/argumentebi) _ msjeloba an msjelobebi, romelTac veyrd-
nobiT dasabuTebis dros; 3. argumentacia (igive demonstrireba)
_ logikuri kavSiri Tezissa da safuZvels Soris.
 Secdomebis daSveba argumentirebisas SesaZlebelia dasabuTebis
samive nawilSi. dasabuTebis Semadgeneli nawilebis mixedviT gan-
arCeven Semdegi saxis Secdomebs:
79
a) Secdomebi TezisTan mimarTebiT: Tezisis Secvla
 erTi Tezisis nacvlad sxva Tezisis dasabuTeba _ amgvar Secdo-
masTan gveqneba saqme im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mag.: a) moswavle, ro-
melsac Cadenili uRirsi saqcielis gamo sayveduroben, upasuxebs,
sxva moswavleebic ase moiqcneno _ cxadia, is faqti, rom sxvebic
ase moiqcnen, ar asabuTebs imas, rom moswavlis saqcieli uRirsi
ar aris; b) ama Tu im leqsis negatiur Sefasebas davasabuTebT
imiT, rom misi avtori uRirsi pirovneba da cudi mamaa.
 ufro metis an ufro naklebis dasabuTeba _ dasabuTeba imaze me-
tis an imaze naklebis, rasac Tezisi saWiroebs. mag., gvsurs davam
tkicoT, rom xmovanfuZiani saxelebi ikveceba mxolobiTi ri
cxvis naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brunvebSi. Cven ki davamtkicebT,
rom a-ze damTavrebuli fuZis mqone saxelebi ikveceba mxolobi-
Ti ricxvis naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brunvebSi, anu moviyvanT
mxolod a-fuZiani saxelebis brunvis magaliTebs (ufro naklebis
dasabuTeba). da piriqiT, Tuki gvsurs davam tkicoT, rom rom
a-fuZiani saxelebi ikveceba mxolobiTi ricxvis naTesaobiT da
moqmedebiT brunvebSi, davamtkicebT, rom xmovanfuZiani saxele-
bi ikveceba mxolobiTi ricxvis naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brun-
vebSi, anu moviyvanT yvela tipis xmovanfuZiani saxelebis brun-
vis magaliTebs (ufro metis dasabuTeba).
b) mcdari safuZveli
 dasabuTeba mcdaria, Tuki Secdoma safuZvelSia daSvebuli. mag.,
Tuki Tezisis àrsebiTi saxeli ar iuRleba~ dasabuTebisaTvis
gamoviyenebT safuZvels ìuRleba mxolod zmnizedebi, xolo
arsebiTi saxeli zmnizeda ar aris~, dasabuTeba mcdarad unda
CaiTvalos. marTlac, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tezisi mcdari ar
aris (arsebiTi saxeli ar iuRleba), misi safuZveli mcdaria (zmni
zedebi ar iuRleba).
g) Secdomebi argumentaciaSi
 naCqarevi induqcia _ sxvagvarad, naCqarevi ganzogadeba. gulis
xmobs, rom ganzogadeba xdeba mxolod erTi-ori konkretuli
SemTxvevis safuZvelze. mag., Tuki klasis sami moswavle sustia
maTematikaSi, davaskvniT, rom es klasi maTematikaSi moikoWlebs.
 droiT TanamimdevrobaSi mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxva. am
tipis logikur SecdomasTan gveqneba saqme im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki
movlenaTa qronologiuri mimdevrobis safuZvelze maT Soris
mizezobriv kavSirs davinaxavT. mag., àq imis mere airia saqme,
rac am kacma daiwyo CvenTan muSaoba~, `gaTbobis sistemaSi prob-
lemebi daiwyo mas Semdeg, rac Tqven gadmoxvediT am binaSi~, sxv.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am tipis logikuri Secdoma udevs safuZvlad sxva
dasxva crurwmenas, mag., rwmenas `cudi Tvalis~ (gaTvalvis) Sesaxeb.
80
vTqvaT, Tuki nacnobs SevxvdebiT CvenTvis mniSvnelovan gasaubrebamde,
romelic warumateblad Caivlis, gamovitanT daskvnas, rom am nacnobma
gagvTvala (`cudi Tvali~ gamogvayola).
 `wre dasabuTebaSi~ _ am SemTxvevaSi Tezisi mtkicdeba debulebiT,
romelic Tavis mxriv, mtkicdeba TezisiT. mag., `konkurencia
saukeTeso stimuls warmoadgens ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis,
radgan konkurencia niSnavs, rom produqciis yvela mwarmoe 2
bels surs, iyos yvelaze ukeTesi, yvelaze swrafi da yvelaze
iafad gayidos Tavisi saqoneli. radgan, saboloo jamSi, yvela
mwarmoebels unda am procesSi monawileobis miReba sxvebisaT-
vis metoqeobis gasawevad, konkurencias didi sargebloba moaqvs
ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis~. advili SesamCnevia, rom moyvanil
magaliTSi pirveli da bolo punqtebi identuria _ wre Seikra
ise, rom wamoyenebuli Tezisi (1-li punqti) ar dasabuTda.
d) auditoriiT manipulirebis xerxebi
msmenelze zemoqmedebis mizniT, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba Semdegi
strategiebi:
 `yvela erTis winaaRmdeg~ _ gamoyeneba argumentisa `yvela ase
akeTebs~. mag., `qertlis sawinaaRmdegod yvela am Sampuns iyenebs~,
`yvela Cveni TanamSromeli am firmaSia dazRveuli~, `yvelas ase
acvia~ da misT. arakvalificiurma msmenelma am dros SeiZleba
awon-dawonvis gareSe, daufiqreblad moimoqmedos raRac (`Tu
yvela, maSin mec~). darwmunebis aRniSnuli xerxi xSirad gamoi-
yeneba, magaliTad, sareklamo teqstebSi, sxvadasxva saxis kampa-
niebis dros da a.S.
 `negatiuri iarliyebi~ _ molaparakis avtoritetis Selaxva mis
Tvis negatiuri iarliyis miwebebis gziT. mag., ès xom namdvili
retrogradia, misi mosmena rogor SeiZleba?~, `vinc amas am-
bobs, is, ubralod, idiotia da meti araferi~, `Sen ra, am de
magogs usmen?~ da misT. am strategiis mizania, negatiurad ga-
nawyos msmeneli da CauxSos mas mosmenilis obieqturad gaazreba-
gaanalizebisa da Sefasebis survili.
III. socialur-ritualuri zepiri gamosvla

am tipis gamosvlebis jgufs ganekuTvneba gancxadeba, misasalmebeli
sityva; sityvebi, warmoTqmuli: dajildoebisas (jildos gadacemis an
miRebis dros), nominirebisas, dakrZalvisas, iubileebze, ama Tu im piris
auditoriis winaSe wardgenisas, raime faqtis/movlenis aRsaniSnavad da
misT. tradiciuli qarTuli sadRegrZeloc amave jgufs unda mivakuT-
vnoT. TiTqmis yvela maTganisaTvis arsebobs dasawyisis tradiciuli
formulebi, rogorebicaa, mag.: `mogesalmebiT yvelas da madlobas gix-
81
diT mobrZanebisaTvis...~, `did madlobas mogaxsenebT jildosaTvis,
romelic...~, `CemTvis didi pativia warmogidginoT....~, sxv.
jgufuri komunikacia _ komunikaciis damyareba jgufSi saTanado
codnasa da gamocdilebas saWiroebs. jgufebs gaaCniaT garkveuli
struqtura, wesebi; jgufi SeiZleba Sedgebodes qvejgufebisagan, rom-
lebic aerTianebs jgufis wevrebis nawils, SerCeuls ama Tu im kon
kretul sakiTxze samuSaod. rac ufro kargad aqvT ganviTarebuli sa-
komunikacio unarebi jgufis wevrebs, miT ufro gauadvildebaT dasax-
uli amocanis warmatebiT gadaWra.
struqturis mixedviT ganasxvaveben formalur da araformalur
jgufebs. formalur jgufs axasiaTebs organizaciis maRali xarisxi
da ganviTarebuli struqtura _ jgufis wevrTa pasuxismgeblobebi da
poziciebi ganawilebulia, SemuSavebulia garkveuli wesebi da proce-
durebi (amgvar jgufebs miekuTvneba, mag., moswavleTa sabWo). arafor-
maluri struqturis jgufebs ar aqvT SemuSavebuli raime procedura
da/an wesebi, Sexvedrebi SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad iyos organizebu-
li, jgufis wevrTa pasuxismgeblobebi mkacrad gansazRvruli ar aris.
garda amisa, arsebobs jgufebi, romlebic atareben nawilobriv for-
maluri, nawilobriv ki araformaluri struqturis jgufebisTvis da-
maxasiaTebel niSnebs (mag., ar aqvT gawerili procedura, magram gansaz-
Rvruli aqvT jgufis wevrebis pasuxismgeblobebi, sxv.).
jgufebi iqmneba garkveuli mizniT _ ama Tu im samuSaos Sesas-
ruleblad, socialuri aqtivobebisTvis, sxv. jgufis wevrebi movaleni
arian, daicvan dadgenili normebi, mag., qcevis garkveuli standartebi
komunikaciis dros (rogor gamoxaton uTanxmoeba, ramden xans ilapa-
rakon, vin unda ilaparakos ama Tu im sakiTxze, sxv.). TiToeuli wevri
garkveul rols asrulebs jgufSi: mag., erTi wevri SeiZleba jgufis
wamyvani inteleqtualuri Zala (`codnis salaro~) iyos, meore _ kri-
tikul situaciebSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebi (`gaWirvebis tal-kvesi~),
mesame _ koloriti, meoTxe _ ideebis `generatori~, mexuTe _ jgufis
lideri da a.S.
rogorc wesi, jgufi yalibdeba ama Tu im problemis gadasaWrelad.
problemis gadaWris gzebis Ziebis dros jgufis wevrebi erTmaneTs uzi
areben TavianT mosazrebebs. es procesi 5 etapisgan Sedgeba. esenia:
1) problemis gansazRvra _ problemis gansazRvrisaTvis aucile-
belia sakiTxis dakonkreteba anu SemosazRvra. mag., Tema ùsafrTxo
mgzavroba~ metismetad farToa da naTeli ar aris, konkretulad, ras
gulisxmobs igi; saWiroa Tu ara transportis yvela saxeobis ganxilva?
unda ganvixiloT Tu ara cal-calke mZRolebis/pilotebis da mgzav
rebis/fexiT mosiaruleebis valdebulebebi da/an pasuxismgeblobebi?,
sxv. amis Tavidan asarideblad SeiZleba gansaxilveli Temis SeTavaze-
ba konkretuli SekiTxvis saxiT. mag., rogoria avtosagzao moZraobis
monawileTa valdebulebebi? saWiroa Tu ara avtosagzao moZraobis ka
82
nonis gamkacreba imisaTvis, rom mgzavroba ufro usafrTxo gaxdes? da
misT.
2) problemis analizi _ jgufis wevrebma metnaklebad unda war-
moidginon problemis istoria, amJamindeli mdgomareoba; gaiazron,
ratom iCina Tavi konkretulma problemam da misT.
3) kriteriumebis SemuSaveba _ problemis gadasaWrelad jgufma unda
gansazRvros, ra kriteriumebs unda akmayofilebdes maT mier miRebuli 2
gadawyvetileba (kriteriumad gamosayenebeli leqsikuri erTeulebi:
efeqturia, xels Seuwyobs, mniSvnelovania). saWiro SemTxvevebSi SeiZ
leba ganisazRvros biujeti (ra dajdeba problemis gadasaWrelad Se-
Tavazebuli RonisZieba), dro (ramdeni dro dasWirdeba problemis mog-
varebas), adamianuri resursi (ramdeni adamiani dasWirdeba problemis
mogvarebas da/an ramdeni adamiani isargeblebs SedegebiT).
4) problemis gadaWris SesaZlo variantebis wamoyeneba _ jgufis wev-
rebi unda Seecadon, moifiqron problemis gadaWris yvela SesaZlo gza.
es procesi sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba warimarTos. mag., jgufis wevrebs
SeuZliaT wamoayenon TavianTi mosazrebebi, romlebsac maTi ganxilva
mohyveba, an gamoiyenon e.w. gonebrivi ieriSis strategia: jgufis wev-
rebis mier wamoyenebuli ideebi CamonaTvlis saxiT Camoiwereba dafaze
da/an didi formatis qaRaldze. am dros saWiroa Semdegi wesebis dacva
_ a) CamonaTvalSi unda aisaxos uklebliv yvela idea, Tundac erTmane-
Tis msgavsi; b) diskusiis dawyebamde ar SeiZleba wamoyenebuli ideebis
Sefaseba an gakritikeba. gonebrivi ieriSis dasrulebis Semdeg jgufis
wevrebi ganixilaven da Seafaseben CamonaTvalSi warmodgenil yvela
ideas.
5) optimaluri variantis SerCeva _ jgufis wevrebma unda gansaz
Rvron, romeli varianti akmayofilebs SemuSavebul kriteriumebs; awon-
dawonon TiToeuli variantis Zlieri da susti mxareebi (vTqvaT, saWi
roebs did dros da/an materialur danaxarjebs; ar aris praqtikuli,
ganuxorcielebelia, radgan ar arsebobs sakmao adamianuri resursi;
SedegebiT sargeblobas SeZlebs Zalze mcire jgufi da sxv.).
83
IV. jgufuri komunikacia
diskusia
sapanelo4 diskusia _ Ria diskusia, romelic ewyoba auditoriis wi-
naSe winaswar SerCeul Temaze. sapanelo diskusia araoficialuri xasi-
aTisaa, diskusiis monawileebi erTmaneTTan urTierToben Zaldautane-
blad, Tavisufal reJimSi _ ise, TiTqos auditoriis gareSe xvdebodnen
erTmaneTs. tradiciulad, sapanelo sadiskusio jgufSi (panelSi) Sedis
4 an 8 wevri. formati igivea, rac araformaluri diskusiis dros: mona
wileebi ixseneben faqtebs, moyavT monacemebi, svamen kiTxvebs, wamoa
yeneben ideebs da sxv. (zepiri gamosvla am formatiT gaTvaliswinebuli
ar aris).
sazogadod, sapanelo diskusia efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgens ama
Tu im sakiTxis sxvadasxva kuTxiT gansaxilvelad, moswavleTa sakomu-
nikacio unarebis (mosmena, laparaki) da kritikuli azrovnebis unar
-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad; xels uwyobs sxvisi azris pativiscemis un-
aris gamomuSavebas.
sapanelo diskusia ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: pirveli nawili eTmoba
uSualod diskusias, meore nawilSi ki aqtiurdeba auditoriac _ msme-
nelebi SekiTxvebs usvamen diskusiis monawileebs. pirvel nawils, ro-
gorc wesi, eTmoba sakiTxis gansaxilvelad gamoyofili mTliani drois
¾, meore nawils ki _ ¼. amdenad, Tuki sakiTxis ganxilvisTvis gamoyo-
filia sul 1 saaTi, sapanelo diskusia gagrZeldeba 40 wuTi, darCenili
20 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ki jgufis wevrebma unda upasuxon msmenelebis
mier dasmul kiTxvebs. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom am formatis diskusia
ufro efeqturia maSin, roca mas SeZlebisdagvarad farTo auditoria
hyavs5.
mimdinareoba: jgufis wevrebi sxdebian erTmaneTis gverdiT, audi-
toriis pirispir (saxiT auditoriisaken) da iwyeben diskusias ama Tu im
Temaze _ ayalibeben Tezas, wamoayeneben mosazrebebs, erTmaneTs usvamen
kiTxvebs, cvlian replikebs, akeTeben komentars imaze, rasac jgufis
sxva wevrebi ityvian. yvela aRniSnuli saqmianoba unda mimdinareobdes
TviTgamoxatvis Tavisuflebis, TanamSomlobisa da urTierTpativisce-
mis garemoSi. diskusiis warmarTvis wesebze monawileebi Tanxmdebian
winaswar da emorCilebian maT.
sapanelo diskusias hyavs wamyvani (Tavmjdomare), romlis movaleo-
baa, warmarTos diskusia winaswar SeTanxmebuli wesebis dacviT, daicvas
wesrigi, gaacnos auditorias diskusiis monawileni da sadiskusio Tema;
4
paneli _ saubari garkveul sakiTxebze ramdenime pirs Soris `mrgval magidasTan~.
swored am formats eyrdnoba sapanelo diskusia.
5
Tanaklaselebis garda, diskusias SeiZleba daeswron sxva klasebis moswavleebi,
maswavleblebi, mSoblebi, agreTve sxva mowveuli stumrebi.
84
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ganmartos an daazustos esa Tu is sakiTxi Tu
mniSvnelovani termini, mimarTos jgufis wevrebs (dausvas SekiTxvebi
gasaaqtiureblad, raimes dasazusteblad, sxv.), Seajamos gamoTqmuli
mosazrebebi, gaakeTos saboloo komentari diskusiis dasasruls da sxv.
sapanelo diskusiis monawileni kargad unda icnobdnen gansaxil-
vel Temas, risTvisac maT SeiZleba garkveuli winaswari samuSaoebis
Catareba dasWirdeT (mag., sadiskusio TemasTan dakavSirebiT Caataron 2
gamokiTxva, gaecnon Sesabamis masalebs, moiZion Sesabamisi informacia,
statistikuri monacemebi; mizanSewonilebidan gamomdinare, moamzadon
damatebiTi resursebi _ sqemebi, diagramebi, sxv.). rogorc wesi, dis
kusiis Catarebamde jgufis wevrebi da wamyvani winaswar Tanxmdebian
imaze, Tu konkretulad ra sakiTxs wamoayenebs jgufis esa Tu is wev-
ri. jgufis wevrebi unda Seecadon, rom diskusiis bolosaTvis saerTo
azri gamoimuSaon.6
simpoziumi _ diskusia, romlis monawileni sakuTar Tvalsazriss
xanmokle zepiri gamosvlebis saxiT warudgenen auditorias. simpozi
umis Tema winaswaraa cnobili, misi monawileebi, romlebic am SemTxvevaSi
eqspertebis funqcias asruleben, msmenelebs sTavazoben gansxvavebul
mosazrebebs erTsa da imave Temaze. sapanelo diskusiisagan simpoziums
ganasxvavebs oficialuroba da zepiri gamosvlebi, romelTac sapanelo
diskusiis formati ar iTvaliswinebs. aseve, diskusiisgan gansxvavebiT,
simpoziumis msvlelobisas ar xdeba interaqcia monawileebs Soris _
yvela monawile individualurad wardgeba auditoriis winaSe winaswar
momzadebuli zepiri gamosvlis teqstiT.
simpoziumi, sapanelo diskusiis msgavsad, ori nawilisgan Sedgeba.
pirveli nawili mTlianad eTmoba monawileTa saeqsperto gamosvlebs,
meore nawili ki _ kiTxva-pasuxs: monawileni pasuxoben msmenelTa kiTx-
vebs (cxadia, am dros simpoziumis monawileebsac SeuZliaT erTmane-
TisaTvis kiTxvebis dasma).
simpoziums hyavs wamyvani, romlis movaleobaa simpoziumis mona
wileebisa da Temis auditoriisaTvis wardgena, gamosvlebis mokle Se-
jameba, agreTve simpoziumis Sedegebis Sejameba da daxurva.
paneli-forumi, simpoziumi-forumi _ Tuki gvsurs, rom msmenelebi
ufro aqtiurad CaerTon diskusiaSi, orive formatSi (sapanelo disku-
sia, simpoziumi) SesaZlebelia e.w. msmenelTa forumis organizebac. es
gulisxmobs, rom panelis/simpoziumis msvlelobisas, TiToeuli mona
wilis gamosvlis dasrulebis Semdeg SesaZlebelia garkveuli periodi
daeTmos aqtiur kiTxva-pasuxs.
6
literaturis swavlebis TvalsazrisiT, sapanelo diskusia efeqturi saswavlo
saSualebaa ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesajameblad da mizanSewonili iqneba, moewyos,
mag., romelime literaturuli mimdinareobis, ama Tu im avtoris Semoqmedebis, sxv.
Seswavlis dasrulebis Semdeg.
85
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki romelime monawile gamoiyenebs dadgenili
reglamentis mxolod naxevars an ufro nakleb dros, auditoriis
wevrebs SeiZleba vTxovoT e.w. `moCurCuleTa~ jgufebis organizeba.
`moCurCuleebi~ msmenelTa mcirericxovani jgufia, romlis wevrebi,
erTmaneTTan xanmokle, xmadabla warmarTuli gasaubrebis (azrTa gac
vla-gamocvlis) Sedegad miRweuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze gamoTqvamen
SeniSvnebs, azrs gamosvlasTan dakavSirebiT; SesaZlebelia, `moCurCu-
leebma~ warmoadginon problemis gadawyvetis axali varianti, gansa-
kuTrebuli xedva da a.S. amgvari jgufebis organizeba SeiZleba Zalze
martivad da swrafad, vTqvaT, ase: `gTxovT, gaesaubroT Tqven gverdiT
msxdomebs (Tqvens mezoblebs) da gauziaroT / SeTanxmdeT / moifiqroT
/ SeafasoT....~
aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom forumis formatis gamo
yeneba (paneli-forumi, simpoziumi-forumi) SeiZleba riskis Semcve-
li iyos moumzadebeli, naklebad organizebuli auditoriis, agreTve
araadekvaturi wamyvanis SerCevis SemTxvevaSi, ris gamoc forumma SeiZ
leba miiRos qaoturi saxe, diskusia gadaizardos CxubSi da a.S. amitom
forumis formatis gamoyenebamde maswavlebelma (diskusiis organiza-
torma) adekvaturad unda Seafasos auditoriisa da diskusiis wamyvanis
SesaZleblobebi. wamyvanma Zalze konkretulad unda ganumartos audi-
torias TiToeuli procedura da wesi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, man unda
mouwodos damswreebsa da monawileebs wesrigisaken, Seaxsenos wesebi:
`SegaxsenebT, rom...~, `gTxovT, daicvaT SeTanxmeba...~, misT.
saparlamento procedura _ masStaburi, gafarToebuli sxdomebi,
didi jgufebis (moswavleTa komitetebi, saerTo Sexvedra, misT.) Sexve-
drebi SeiZleba Catardes e.w. saparlamento proceduris gamoyenebiT.
saparlamento proceduras inglisis parlamentSi Caeyara safuZve-
li. igi icavs parlamentis uklebliv yvela wevris demokratiul ufle-
bebs da Tanabar saSualebas aZlevs maT TviTgamoxatvisa da azris gamo-
saTqmelad; efeqturi saSualebaa Sexvedris organizebulad warmarTvi-
saTvis.
saparlamento procedura efuZneba Semdeg ZiriTad principebs:
o gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba aqvs umravlesobas (naxevarze
mets);
o umciresobas (naxevarze naklebs) aqvs TviTgamoxatvisa da azris
gamoTqmis ufleba; umravlesoba valdebulia, mousminos um-
ciresobas;
o gadawyvetilebis miRebisas erT adamians aqvs erTi xma;
o gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos im wevrTa mosazrebebi, romlebic
ar eswrebian sxdomas;
o ar SeiZleba diskusia erTdroulad erTze met sakiTxze. axal
sakiTxze diskusia iwyeba mas Semdeg, roca dasruldeba diskusia
86
erT romelime sakiTxze;
o erT an or adamians ar aqvs diskusiis Sewyvetis an diskusiis
dros dominirebis ufleba.
saparlamento proceduris gamoyenebiT Catarebuli Sexvedra sa-
Sualebas aZlevs monawileebs, mousminon sxvadasxva Tvalsazriss erT
TemasTan dakavSirebiT, raTa optimaluri gadawyvetileba miiRon. mos-
wavleebi unda acnobierebdnen saparlamento proceduris mniSvnelo- 2
bas, pativs scemdnen da emorCilebodnen mis wesebs.
sajaro gamosvla
sajaro gamosvla zepiri gamosvlaa, romlis drosac erTi piri
garkveuli mizniT mimarTavs msmenelebis jgufs (didsa Tu mcires). sa-
jaro gamosvla SeiZleba iyos rogorc oficialuri, ise araoficialu-
ri saxisa, vrceli an xanmokle, hqondes seriozuli an saxumaro xasiaTi,
hyavdes mravali an mcirericxovani msmeneli.
sajaro gamosvlisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba mniS-
vnelovnad aamaRlebs moswavleTa sakomunikacio da saprezentacio una
rebs. am mimarTulebiT sistemuri samuSaoebis warmarTva gulisxmobs,
rom: a) moswavleebs unda SeeqmnaT garkveuli warmodgena sajaro ga-
mosvlis procesze; b) moswavleebs unda mieceT SesaZlebloba, wardgnen
auditoriis winaSe sxvadasxva mizniT _ es maT daexmareba aucilebeli
praqtikuli gamocdilebis SeZenaSi.
rogorc aRiniSna, sajaro gamosvla ar gulisxmobs mxolod vrceli,
formaluri sityviT gamosvlas. am mcdari, magram sakmaod gavrcelebu-
li Sexedulebis safuZvelze zogierTma moswavlem SeiZleba gadawyvi-
tos, rom mas am gamocdilebis SeZena araferSi sWirdeba (`me ar vapireb
politikosobas, maswavleblobas an leqtorobas...~). maswavlebeli unda
daexmaros moswavleebs imis gacnobierebaSi, rom yvela maTganis cxov
rebaSi bevrjer dadgeba dro, roca maT mouwevT msmenelebisTvis si-
tyviT mimarTva (sadResaswaulo sufraze ojaxur wreSi, oficialur
banketze, axali TanamSromlis wardgenisas samsaxurSi, sakonkurso
proeqtis prezentaciisas, megobrebisTvis mogzaurobis STabeWdile-
bebis gaziarebisas, sxv.).
sajaro gamosvlebis umTavresi mizani msmenelebis informireba an
darwmunebaa. amis Sesabamisad, ganasxvaveben sainformacio da argumen-
tirebul sajaro gamosvlebs.
sainformacio sajaro gamosvla: misi mizania msmenelTa codnis do-
nis gaRrmaveba da/an informirebulobis xarisxis amaRleba. sainforma-
cio gamosvla msmenelebs sTavazobs maTTvis axal an ukve nacnob Temas
axali rakursiT, gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT an ufro siRrmiseuli
wvdomiT.
87
informaciis moZieba da gamoyeneba
efeqtiani zepiri gamosvla yovelTvis efuZneba seriozul ideeb-
sa da informacias. mas mere, rac gansazRvrulia Tema da auditoriis
mizani, oratoris amocanaa, moiZios Sesabamisi masala dasaxuli amo-
canis Sesasruleblad (msmenelebis informireba Tu darwmuneba). amis
Tvis orators SeuZlia Caataros informaciis mosaZiebeli winaswari
samuSaoebi, Seiswavlos sxvadasxva saxis masala da am mizniT: Caataros
interviu, zepiri gamokiTxva, gamoiyenos beWduri da/an eleqtronuli
masalebi, aseve piradi gamocdileba.
kargi oratorebi xSirad iwyeben gamosvlas magaliTebiT piradi
gamocdilebidan, mag., gamosvla Temaze `rogor unda davgegmoT saza
fxulo ardadegebi~ orators SeuZlia daiwyos bavSvobis mogonebiT:
`5 wlis viyavi, rodesac mSoblebma pirvelad wamiyvanes zRvaze....~ (aR-
weros Tavisi STabeWdileba, emociebi, gaixsenos raime RirSesaniSnavi
faqti, misT.).
interviu, zepiri gamokiTxva

gamosvlaze muSaobis dros oratorma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom
zogierT adamians SeuZlia Zalze Rirebuli informacia miawodos mas
dasamuSavebel TemasTan dakavSirebiT. orators SeuZlia informaciis
wyarod gamoiyenos es adamianebi, maTi piradi Tu samuSao gamocdileba
(mag., Tuki gamosvlis Temaa erovnuli moZraobis istoria saqarTvelo-
Si, gamokiTxos gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi mimdinare aqciebisa da
gamosvlebis monawile ojaxis wevrs, naTesavs an nacnobs imdroindeli
realiebi, konkretuli faqtebi da movlenebi). saintereso adamianebisa-
gan informaciis mosakrebad orators SeuZlia Caataros interviu da/
an zepiri gamokiTxva.
interviu _ interviusTvis winaswari momzadebaa saWiro: oratorma
winaswar unda Seiswavlos Tema (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gaecnos saTana-
do dargobriv leqsikas), moamzados konkretuli SekiTxvebi, SearCios
da SeaTanxmos dro interviusaTvis, Caataros interviu (pasuxebi Cai-
weros xeliT an teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT) da daamuSavos
miRebuli informacia.
zepiri gamokiTxva _ zepiri gamokiTxva utardeba mraval sxvadasxva
adamians, romelTac mimarTaven winaswar momzadebuli erTi da imave
SekiTxvebiT. zepiri gamokiTxva kargi saSualebaa sakiTxis yvela mxri-
dan Sesaswavlad manamde, sanam oratori sakuTar azrs gamoimuSavebs ama
Tu im sakiTxze.
debatebi _ sajaro diskusiis erT-erTi saxeoba, romelSic monawile-
obs ori mxare: ori adamiani an ori jgufi (tradiciulad, jgufSi Sedis
3-3 an meti monawile, aucileblad Tanabari raodenobiT). am SemTxveva-
Si, kamaTSi rigrigobiT erTveba TiTo warmomadgeneli jgufebidan).
88
mxareebi warmoadgenen erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss erT
romelime sakiTxze, icaven mas saTanado logikuri argumentaciis ga-
moyenebiT; cdiloben, mwvave SekiTxvebis dasmis gziT gamoavlinon
mowinaaRmdege mxaris argumentaciis susti mxareebi da/an naklebi in-
formirebuloba (arakompetenturoba).
debatebis monawileTa mizania, daarwmunon mesame mxare _ auditoria

sakuTari Tvalsazrisis sisworeSi da amisaTvis winaswar emzadebian _
gegmaven TavianT gamosvlebs, ecnobian saTanado masalebs, ayalibeben
argumentebs, kiTxvebs, romlebic unda dausvan mowinaaRmdege mxares,
sxv.
debatebSi monawileoba sasargeblo gamocdilebas SesZens moswav-
leebs. debatebi maT daexmareba, ganiviTaron kritikulad mosmenis,
efeqturi kiTxvebis dasmis, swrafad azrovnebis, sakuTari mosazrebis
warmodgenis, dasabuTebis, argumentirebulad laparakis unar-Cvevebi.
debatebi aris erTgvari Sejibri, romelsac aqvs Tavisi wesebi da
garkveuli droiTi limiti; hyavs gamarjvebuli da damarcxebuli _ maT
gamoavlenen msmenelebi an sagangebod SerCeuli Jiuri.
debatebis Tema saintereso debatebis organizebisTvis saWiroa mwvave
da auditoriisaTvis saintereso Temis SerCeva, romelic, rogorc wesi,
warmodgenilia warTqmiTi formiT (Tumca SesaZlebelia kiTxviTi for
mis gamoyenebac)7. Tema unda moicavdes mxolod erT sakiTxs (mag., `sa-
jaro skolebSi saskolo formebis tareba savaldebulo unda gaxdes~,
`kerZo skolebis seqtoris gafarToeba ar Seesatyviseba sazogadoebriv
interesebs~, `klasidan klasSi gadasasvleli gamocdebi yoveli saswav-
lo wlis bolos unda Catardes~, misT.). amasTan, Tema imgvarad unda
iyos formulirebuli, rom gulisxmobdes mxolod ori poziciis ar-
7
anglosaqsuri tradiciiT, debatebis Tema _ gansaxilveli debuleba warTqmiTi
formiT unda iyos warmodgenili, sxva tradiciebiT, gansaxilvel debulebas SeiZleba
SekiTxvis saxec hqondes. mag., ùnda Catardes Tu ara klasidan klasSi gadasasvleli
gamocdebi?~ ùnda ataron Tu ara moswavleebma saskolo forma?~ da misT.
89
sebobas: veTanxmebi _ ar veTanxebi. debatebis monawileTa erTi gundi
mxars uWers debulebas, meore ki ewinaaRmdegeba mas. orive mxarem
unda moiyvanos saTanado logikuri argumentebi da damadasturebe-
li masala sakuTari Tvalsazrisis dasasabuTeblad. amisaTvis mxareebs
SeuZliaT moiSvelion eqspertebis, cnobili mwerlebis, moazrovneebis,
mecnierebis, sxv. mosazrebebi, ama Tu im piris monayoli, saTanado
faqtebi, magaliTebi, analogiebi, logika da a.S. sawinaaRmdego mxaris
mosmenisas mxareebma SeiZleba CainiSnon mowinaaRmdego mxaris argumen-
tebi, naazrevi, raTa uyuradRebod ar darCeT mowinaaRmdegis arc erTi
argumenti da Camoayalibon efeqturi kontrargumentebi.
debatebis Catarebis procedura

debatebis Casatareblad unda Seiqmnas ori jgufi. pirveli jgufi mx-
ars uWers debatebis debulebaSi gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss da asabuTebs
mas Sesabamisi argumentebis safuZvelze (esaa pirveli, debulebis mxar-
damWerTa jgufi, anu jgufi `Pro~), meore jgufi ewinaaRmdegeba debule-
bas da Tavis pozicias asabuTebs Sesabamisi argumentebis safuZvelze
(esaa meore, debulebis uarmyofelTa jgufi, e.w. jgufi `Contra~)8. de-
batebs warmarTavs winaswar SerCeuli wamyvani (maswavlebeli an moswav-
le). debatebis dasrulebis Semdeg Tavmjdomare kenWs uyris debulebas
da acxadebs kenWisyris Sedegebs (debatebis wamyvani SeiZleba ar monaw-
ileobdes kenWisyraSi, magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki xmebi Tanabrad gaiy-
ofa, debatebis wamyvanic unda CaerTos xmis micemis proceduraSi. amiT
SesaZlebeli gaxdes im poziciis gamovlena, romelsac msmenelTa um-
ravlesoba miemxroba). wamyvani auditoriis winaSe waradgens debatebis
monawileebs, sityvas aZlevs maT, zrunavs drois limitis da, zogadad,
wesrigis dacvaze.
cnobilia saskolo debatebis Catarebis sxvadasxva procedura. qve-
moT warmovadgenT debatebis Catarebis or farTod gavrcelebul
formats. esenia: I. oqsfordis tipis debatebi (saparlamento debate-
bi) da II. sauniversiteto debatebi.
I. saparlamento debatebi.
debatebis Catarebis procedura:
 pirveli jgufis spikeris sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 7 wuTi.
 meore jgufis spikeris sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 7 wuTi.
 pirveli jgufis meore spikeris sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.
 meore jgufis meore spikeris sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.
 debatebi auditoriis monawileobiT _ xangrZlivoba: 5-7 wuTi.
8
ori dapirispirebuli poziciis mqone jgufis saxelwodebebi: `Pro~ da `Contra~
warmodgeba laTinuri windebulebidan: pro _ -Tvis, -is mxardasaWerad; contra _ _ is
winaaRmdeg).
90
am etapze msmenelebs eZlevaT saSualeba, gamoTqvan TavianTi mosaz-
reba, Tvalsazrisi, pozicia debatebis TemasTan dakavSirebiT (es kargi
saSualebaa imisaTvis, rom damswre sazogadoeba ar iyos pasiuri ma-
yureblis rolSi debatebis mimdinareobis dros). nebarTvis misaRebad
msmenelebma unda mimarTon debatebis wamyvans. msmenelebma TavianTi
pozicia unda Camoayalibon mokled, raTa sxvebmac moaswron azris ga-
moTqma. debatebSi monawile jgufebis wevrebi valdebuli ar arian, 2
dauyovnebliv upasuxon msmenelTa SeniSvnebsa Tu mosazrebebs, magram
TiToeuli jgufis Semajamebel sityvebSi momxsenebeli aucileblad
unda gamoexmauros msmenelTa mier gamoTqmul yvela mniSvnelovan da
yuradsaReb mosazrebas.
 pirveli jgufis Semajamebeli sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.
 meore jgufis Semajamebeli sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.
Semajamebel sityvaSi TiToeuli jgufis erT-erTma wevrma mokled
unda mimoixilos debatebi. am etapze ar xdeba axali argumentebis wa
moyeneba jgufis poziciis dasacavad, SesaZlebelia mxolod axali maga
liTebis moyvana im argumentebis mxardasaWerad, romlebzedac adre
isaubres jgufis spikerebma. mesame wuTis bolos debatebis wamyvani
erTi xmovani signaliT (mag., zaris wkrialiT) mianiSnebs molaparakes,
rom mas darCa 1 wuTi, meoTxe wuTis damTavrebis Semdeg ki ori xmovani
signaliT mianiSnebs, rom molaparakis dros amowurulia.
 kenWisyris Catareba, misi Sedegebis gamocxadeba.
 rezoluciis/dadgenilebis miReba da gamocxadeba9.
dabolos, aqve unda aRvniSnoT Semdegi: maswavlebeli kargad unda ac-
nobierebdes, rom zepirmetyvelebis unarebis ganviTareba Zalze uwyobs
xels kiTxvisa da weris unarebis ganviTarebasac. moswavle, romelic
msmenelisa Tu mosaubris statusiT monawileobs werilobiT teqstebTan
dakavSirebul aqtivobebSi, ukeTesad gaacnobierebs am teqstebis for-
malur-struqturul, stilistur maxasiaTeblebsa da enobriv normebs.
monawileoba imgvar zepir aqtivobebSi, romlebic gulisxmobs TviTga-
moxatvis gansxvavebuli saSualebebis gamoyenebas (mag., improvizacias,
dramatizacias, multimediuri produqtis Seqmnas), xels uwyobs mos-
wavleTa TviTSefasebis amaRlebas, aseve kritikuli azrovnebis, Semoq
medebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas, enis Tavisuflad gamoyenebis, mkafiod,
swrafad da moqnilad saubris unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas.
9
aucilebeli ar aris, rom moswavlis piradi Sexeduleba emTxveodes im jgufis
pozicias, romelsac igi warmoadgens: debatebis dros moswavlis konkretuli
amocanaa, SeZlos argumentebis mofiqreba, moZieba da Camoyalibeba SeTavazebuli
poziciis mxardasaWerad (garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac moswavle amis
winaaRmdegia ama Tu im mosazrebis gamo). metic, gavarjiSis saxiT, argumentaciis
unarebis gasaviTareblad, zogjer mimarTaven poziciebis gacvlis strategiasac _
mag., moswavleebs, romlebic mxardamWerTa jgufs warmoadgenen, SeiZleba daevaloT
imave debulebis uaryofa, `kontra~ jgufis wevrebs ki _ imave debulebis dacva.
91
maswavlebels garkveuli dro sWirdeba imisaTvis, rom Seqmnas iseTi
saklaso garemo, sadac moswavleebi Tavisuflad, daculad da komfor-
tulad igrZnoben Tavs saubris dros. amgvari garemos Seqmnis Semdeg ki
aucilebelia, rom saubrebi gadaizardos ama Tu im konkretul saswav-
lo mizanze fokusirebul aqtivobebSi.
II. sauniversiteto debatebi.
e.w. sauniversiteto debatebis formati mopaeqreebs saSualebas
aZlevs, SekiTxvebi dausvan erTmaneTs. am saxis debatebSi paeqrobaSi
monawileobs ori gundi: 1. mxardamWerTa (`pro~) gundi, romelic emxro-
ba gansaxilvel debulebaSi gamoTqmul azrs; 2. uarmyofelTa (`kontra~)
gundi, romelic ar iziarebs gansaxilvel debulebaSi gamoTqmul azrs.
sauniversiteto debatebSi pirvel sityvas warmoTqvams `pro~ gundis
pirveli spikeri _ esaa pirveli sityva gansaxilveli debulebis mxar-
dasaWerad. amis Semdeg sityvas warmoTqvams `kontra~ gundis pirveli
spikeri _ esaa pirveli sityva gansaxilveli debulebis uarsayofad.
mis gamosvlas mosdevs `pro~ gundis meore wevris mxardamWeri sityva,
Semdeg _ `kontra~ gundis meore wevris sityva gansaxilveli debulebis
uarsayofad. TiToeuli sityvis dasrulebis Semdeg sityvebis war-
momTqmelebs kiTxvebs usvams sapirispiro gundi _ esaa e.w. SekiTxve-
bis raundebi. raundebi ar imarTeba mxolod ori saboloo gamosvlis
Semdeg10. sapasuxo gamosvlaSi sityvis warmomTqmels (spikers) SeuZlia
gaakritikos oponentis argumentebi Tavisi poziciis dacvis mizniT,
Tumca ar SeuZlia axali argumentis wamoyeneba.
qvemoT warmovadgenT sauniversiteto debatebis proceduris er-
Tian sqemas droiTi limitis miTiTebiT11.
sauniversiteto debatebis sqema.
I nawili. ZiriTadi sityvebi:
pirveli mxardamWeri sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 8 wuTi.12

SekiTxvebis raundi _ mxardamWeri gundis pirvel spikers kiTxvebs
usvams uarmyofeli (`kontra~) gundis meore spikeri _ xangrZlivoba: 3
wuTi.

pirveli uarmyofeli sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 8 wuTi.
SekiTxvebis raundi _ uarmyofeli gundis pirvel spikers kiTxvebs us-
vams mxardamWeri (`pro~) gundis pirveli spikeri _ xangrZlivoba: 3 wuTi.
10
debatebis im formats, romelic ar iTvaliswinebs SekiTxvebis raundebs,
cnobilia, rogorc oqsfordis debatebi.
11
aq miTiTebulia tradiciuli droiTi limiti. Tumca, mizanSewonilebidan
gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia misi Secvlac.
12
debatebis pirveli sityva, anu pirveli mxardamWeri sityva Sedgenili unda
iyos imgvarad, rom zogadi warmodgena Seuqmnas msmenelebs gansaxilveli sakiTxis
arsze.
92

meore mxardamWeri sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 8 wuTi.
SekiTxvebis raundi _ mxardamWeri gundis meore spikers kiTxvebs
usvams uarmyofeli (`kontra~) gundis pirveli spikeri _ xangrZlivoba:
maqs. 3 wuTi.

meore uarmyofeli sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 8 wuTi.
SekiTxvebis raundi _ uarmyofeli gundis meore spikers kiTxvebs
2
usvams mxardamWeri (`pro~) gundis meore spikeri _ xangrZlivoba: maqs.
3 wuTi.
II nawili. sapasuxo sityvebi:

pirveli uarmyofeli _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

pirveli mxardamWeri _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

meore uarmyofeli _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

meore mxardamWeri _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.
rogorc vxedavT, debatebis pirvel nawils (`ZiriTadi sityvebis~
serias) asrulebs uarmyofeli gundis sityva, meore nawils (`sapasuxo
sityvebis~ serias) ki _ mxardamWeri gundis sityva. am gziT orive gunds
Tanabari SesaZleblobebi aqvs pasuxis gasacemad.
debatebis efeqturad warmarTvisaTvis aucilebelia, rom orive
gundis wevrebs naTlad hqondeT gaazrebuli: a) yvela argumenti, ro-
melsac gamoiyeneben TavianTi poziciis dasacavad; b) romelia maTi mTa-
vari argumenti an argumentebi, romeli _ damatebiTi. debatebis dros
es daexmareba gundis wevrebs, gaiazron maTi mopaeqreebis mTavari da/
an damatebiTi argumentebi.
amisaTvis saWiroa, rom debatebis monawileebma Seadginon gegma-mo-
naxazi, romelSic mTliani saxiT iqneba warmodgenili debatebi misi
funqciuri nawilebiT: gansaxilveli sakiTxi, argumentebi, damamtkice-
beli sabuTebi (ix. qvemoT mocemuli nimuSi).
nimuSi. debatebis gegma:

gansaxilveli sakiTxi _ saqarTvelos saavtomobilo trasebis siste-
ma aradamakmayofilebelia, radgan:
argumenti 1.
saavtomobilo trasebi ar Seesatyviseba saerTaSoriso standartebs,
radgan:
konkretuli damadasturebeli masala -

1. konkretuli mtkicebuleba
(faqti, monacemi, magaliTi, misT.): 2. konkretuli mtkicebuleba
93
argumenti 2:
saavtomobilo trasebis arsebuli sistemis Semdgomi gafarToeba
SeuZlebelia, igi (sistema) araa gaTvlili samomavlo saWiroebebisaTvis,
imitom, rom:
konkretuli damadasturebeli masala _
argumenti 3:
saxelmwifo saTanadod ar zrunavs saavtomobilo trasebis sistemaze,
radgan:
konkretuli damadasturebeli masala
argumenti 4:
saavtomobilo trasebis sistemis ganviTarebis arsebuli programebi
imgvaradaa dagegmili, rom ver amcirebs qveyanaSi arsebuli umuSevrobas,
imitom, rom:
konkretuli damadasturebeli masala
sapirispiro Tvalsazrisis damcveli gundis poziciis gaTvalis-
winebiT, mTliani debatebis gegma amgvar saxes miiRebs:
94
nimuSi. debatebis gegma-monaxazi:
mxardamWeri uarmyofeli
saqarTvelos saavtomobilo trasebis mxardamWer sityvaSi aRiniSna, rom
sistema aradamakmayofilebelia 4 Tanamedrove sistemas aqvs 4 mTavari
mizezis gamo: nakli. modiT, ganvixiloT mxardamWer
sityvaSi moyvanili mizezebi
sapirispiro poziciidan. 2
1) saqarTvelos saavtomobilo 1) saqarTvelos saavtomobilo

trasebi ar Seesatyviseba trasebi erT-erTi saukeTesoa
saerTaSoriso standartebs, radgan: kavkasiis mTel regionSi, radgan:
a) konkretuli damadasturebeli a) konkretuli damadasturebeli
masala (faqti, magaliTi, masala (faqti, magaliTi,
monacemi, misT.); monacemi, misT.);
b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba; b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.
g) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.
2) saavtomobilo trasebis 2) saavtomobilo trasebis

arsebuli sistemis Semdgomi arsebuli sistemis Semdgomi
gafarToeba SeuZlebelia _ igi gafarToeba da ganviTareba savsebiT
(sistema) araa gaTvlili samomavlo SesaZlebelia, radgan:
saWiroebebisaTvis, radgan:
a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba; a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;

b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba; b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;
g) konkretuli mtkicebuleba; g) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;
d) konkretuli mtkicebuleba. d) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;
e) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.
3) saxelmwifo saTanadod ar 3) saxelmwifo zrunva saavtomobilo

zrunavs saavtomobilo trasebis trasebze adekvaturia da
sistemaze, radgan: damakmayofilebeli, radgan:
a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba; a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;

b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba. b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;
4) saavtomobilo trasebis sistemis 4) umuSevrobis Semcirebasa

ganviTarebis arsebuli programebi da saavtomobilo trasebis
imgvaradaa dagegmili, rom ver ganviTarebas Soris ar aris
amcirebs qveyanaSi arsebuli pirdapiri kavSiri, radgan:
umuSevrobas, radgan:
a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;
b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba; a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.
95
davuSvaT, rom debatebi warimarTeba am gegma-monaxazis mixedviT.
monaxazidan Cans, rom orive gunds aqvs gamoTqmuli Tavisi mosazreba
_ dapirispireba ideebs Soris dawyebulia. TiToeuli gundis amocana,
daarwmunos msmeneli Tavisi poziciis sisworeSi, raSic umniSvnelovanes
rols asrulebs mtkicebulebebi _ adekvaturad SerCeuli, efeqturi
da damajerebeli damadasturebeli masala umoklesi gzaa msmenelebis
dasarwmuneblad. calke aRsaniSnavia `d~ punqti, romelSic uarmyofel
gunds mxolod erTi mtkicebuleba aqvs. aqedan Cans, rom uarmyofeli
gundisaTvis umuSevroba mTavar sakiTxs ar warmoadgens. es erTgvarad
aviwroebs debatebis ares da gamokveTs ZiriTad sakiTxebs.
debatebis 4 ZiriTadi elementi:

debatebis 4 arsebiTi, ZiriTadi elementia: a) gansaxilveli debuleba
(anu debuleba, romlis gansaxilveladac imarTeba debatebi), b) sakiT
xebi; g) argumentebi da d) damxmare masala, mtkicebulebebi. debatebis
warmatebiT warsamarTavad aucilebelia, rom monawileebs kargad
hqondeT gacnobierebuli am elementebis funqciuri Taviseburebebi.
dasaxelebul elementebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs dasabuTebis proce-
si, romelic debatebis arss warmoadgens. ganvixiloT es elementebis
cal-calke.
a) debuleba _ Tvalsazrisi, romelic warmodgenilia mtkicebiTi
formiT _ warTqmiTi winadadebiT. Tvalsazrisi unda iyos mkafiod,
naTlad Camoyalibebuli _ amisaTvis saWiroa sityvebis gaazrebulad
SerCeva. debuleba formulirebuli unda iyos imgvarad, rom iZle-
odes mxolod orgvarad interpretaciis saSualebas (veTanxmebi _ ar
veTanxmebi). qvemoT sanimuSod moyvanili debulebebi gvTavazobs ar-
sebuli viTarebis (e.w. `status qvos~) Secvlas. mag., sajaro skolebSi
unda dawesdes saskolo formebis tareba (arsebuli viTareba: sajaro
skolebis moswavleebs saskolo formebi ar aqvT); arCevnebSi monawi
leoba savaldebulo unda gaxdes (arsebuli viTareba: arCevnebSi mona
wileoba moqalaqeebis neba-survilzea damokidebuli); manqanis marTvis
mowmobis asaRebad saWiro asaki 16 wlamde unda Semcirdes (arsebuli
viTareba: manqanis marTvis mowmoba gaicema 18 wlis asakidan).
Sinaarsis mixedviT, ZiriTadad, ganarCeven 3 saxis debulebebs. ese-
nia debulebebi: 1. faseulobebis Sesaxeb (mag., `kerZo sakuTrebis xel
Seuxebloba yvelaze mniSvnelovania sakonstitucio uflebaTa Soris~,
`sazogadoebis usafrTxoeba adamianis pirad Tavisuflebaze ufro
mniSvnelovania~, misT.); 2. faqtebis Sesaxeb (mag., `gansasjels bralad
edeba mkvleloba~, `vulkanis amofrqvevis mizezi iyo Zlieri miwisZvra~.
misT.); 3. kanonebis, normebis, wesebis, strategiis Sesaxeb (mag., `mas-
mediis regulirebis kanoni mniSvnelovnad unda gamkacrdes~, `sajaro
moxeleTa sadazRvevo xarjebi saxelmwifom unda aanazRauros~, misT.).
96
b) sakiTxi _ esaa Tvalsazrisi, romelic warmoadgens paeqrobis Zir-
iTad sagans. misi dasabuTeba aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom auditoriam
gaiziaros gundis pozicia. am sakiTxebze dayrdnobiT mxars uWeren (an
uaryofen) debatebis debulebas. debulebis Sesatyvisi, relevanturi
sakiTxebis mosaZebnad aucilebelia analizis Catareba, saTanado in-
formaciis moZieba, masalebis gacnoba. Tumca xSirad imis warmodgena,
Tu ra mimarTulebiT unda warimarTos muSaoba, SeiZleba, ubralod, saR 2
azrze dayrdnobiTac. mag., rodesac debuleba gvTavazobs arsebuli vi-
Tarebis Secvlas, mxardamWeri gundis mTavari idea unda efuZnebodes
2 ZiriTad faqtors: 1. arsebul viTarebaSi aris raRac miuRebeli; 2.
viTarebis Secvla Zalze sasargeblo iqneba sazogadoebisaTvis (mag., ma-
terialuri mogeba, socialuri keTildReoba, disciplinis damyareba,
mosaxleobis dasaqmeba, misT.).
g) argumenti _ esaa dasabuTebis gziT miRebuli mtkicebuleba. ar-
gumentebi aucilebelia debatebis calkeuli sakiTxis dasasabuTeblad.
d) damadasturebeli masala _ esaa faqti an mosazreba, romelic cxa-
dad warmoaCens argumentis WeSmaritebas.
gaazrebuli dasabuTeba naTlad gamokveTs logikur mimarTebebs
calkeul faqtebs, mosazrebebs, monacemebs Soris, maTze dayrdno-
biT ayalibebs argumentebs, wamoayenebs sakiTxebs da misT. amdenad,
dasabuTebis procesSi zemonaxsenebi oTxive elementi mWidro ur
TierTkavSirSi unda iyos erTmaneTTan.
debatebis oTxive elementis `muSaobis~ naTelsayofad qvemoT war-
movadgenT debatebis gegma-monaxazis nimuSs.
nimuSi. debatebis gegma-monaxazi:

debuleba: sagareo vaWrobis regulaciis wesebi unda gamkacrdes.
pozicia: mxardamWeri
I sakiTxi sagareo vaWrobis kanonis gamkacreba aucilebelia
qveynis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad.
1. argumenti bazarze Semotanili genmodificirebuli
produqciis nawili sazianoa qveynis ekosistemisa
da adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis.
2. damadasturebeli a) jandacvis saministros gancxadebiT, kvebis
masala produqtebSi gamoyenebuli palmis zeTs adamianis
organizmi ver gadaamuSavebs. organizmSi palmis
zeTis dagroveba iwvevs simsivnur daavadebebs.
b) bunebis dacvis eqspertebi gvafrTxileben, rom
importirebuli genmodificirebuli simindis
daTesva did zians ayenebs qveynis ekosistemas,
radgan am simindis mtvris marcvlebi sasikvdiloa
sxvadasxva saxeobis mwerebisaTvis.
97
II sakiTxi qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebisa da adgilobrivi
kulturuli mcenareebis dacvisaTvis saWiroa
importis regulireba.
1. argumenti sakvebi produqciis importi zians ayenebs qveynis

ekonomikas da agrikulturul memkvidreobas.
2. damadasturebeli a) ekonomikis eqspertTa gancxadebiT, sul ufro
masala mcirdeba agrarul seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa
raodenoba.
b) agraruli universitetis profesoris azriT,
amerikuli xorblis mzardi importi gadaSenebiT
emuqreba xorblis adgilobriv unikalur jiSebs.
mzadeba debatebisaTvis
debatebSi monawileobisaTvis aucilebeli pirveli etapia winaswari
kvleva-ZiebiTi samuSaoebis Catareba. debatebSi monawile gundebis wev-
rebma unda moiZion saWiro informacia da masala, romlebsac daey-
rdnobian TavianTi poziciis dasabuTebis dros. debatebis debulebis
ganxilva, sakiTxebisa da argumentebis kritikuli analizi SesaZlebeli
iqneba mxolod maSin, Tuki monawileebs eqnebaT Sesabamisi codna.
kvleva-ZiebiTi samuSaoebi SesaZlebelia warimarTos Semdegi Tana-
mimdevrobiT:

Temis arealis gansazRvra: Temis Sesabamisi sferoebis dadgena;
yuradRebis gamaxvileba im terminebze, romlebic saWiroebs defi-
nicias da/an gaanalizebas;

resursebis SerCeva: Temis Sesabamisi xelmisawvdomi resursebis
(internet-gverdebi, wignebi, enciklopediebi, misT.) dadgena. masa-
lis SerCevisas efeqturia bibliografiuli indeqsebis, agreTve
e.w. internet-bmulebis gamoyeneba _ am gziT moswavleebi SeZle-
ben Ziebis velis gafarToebasa da yvela saWiro masalis povnas.

masalis gacnoba: am etapze Casatarebeli samuSaos umTavresi prin-
cipi unda iyos `moZraoba~ zogadidan konkretulisaken. zogadi
problemis gacnobis gareSe SeuZlebelia misi (problemis) calkeu-
li aspeqtebis kritikulad gaanalizeba da Sefaseba. debatebisaT-
vis momzadebis procesSi es gulisxmobs, rom moswavleebi jer
gansazRvraven sakiTxebs, xolo Semdeg muSaoben argumentebis
SemuSavebaze da optimaluri damadasturebeli masalis SerCevaze.
amdenad, resursebis gacnobis dros moswavlebi jer unda gaecnon
zogadi xasiaTis masalebs, Semdeg ki _ masalebs, romlebSic ganxi-
lulia problemis konkretuli aspeqtebi.
SekiTxvebis raundi _ SekiTxvebis raundi sauniversiteto debatebis
erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia. igi karg saSualebas aZlevs
kiTxvebis damsmels, aCvenos sapirispiro poziciis sisuste, calmxrivo-
ba Tu arakompetenturoba; biZgi misces msmenelebs, kritikulad Sea-
98
fason oponentis mosazreba da/an eWvi gauCinos msmenelebs oponentis
mosazrebis WeSmaritebaSi.
debatebis am nawilSi, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba Semdegi tipis kiTxve-
bi: a) pirdapiri SekiTxvebi _ isini miemarTeba konkretul informacias.
maT, rogorc wesi, mokle pasuxi mosdevs (mag., `ra wyaro/wyaroebi ga-
moiyeneT ...-is Sedegebis dasadgenad?~, `momxre xarT Tu ara, dawesdes
raime sasjeli im pirebisaTvis, romlebic daarRveven Tqven mier Se- 2
Tavazebul kanons?~); b) Ria kiTxvebi _ gamoiyeneba raimes dasazusteb-
lad, gansamartavad, calkeul sakiTxSi gasarkvevad (mag., `Tu SeiZleba,
agvixseniT, ratom emxrobiT sajarimo sanqciebis dawesebas?~, sxv.). Ria
kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas monawilem Tavi unda aaridos ukve naTqvamis
sityvasityviT gameorebas. igi unda Seecados, ufro damajerebeli
gaxados Tavisi azri sxva sityvebis gamoyenebiT, gansxvavebuli aqcen-
tebis dasmiT, mokle damatebiTi komentariT, misT. g) ZiebiTi kiTxvebi
_ maTi mizania, CauRrmavdes oponentis msjelobas, raTa gamoavlinos
dasabuTebis calmxrivoba, sisuste, usafuZloba, misT. (mag., `rato-
maa, rom mxolod qalaqis meriis TanamSromlebi afaseben pozitiurad
saqalaqo transportis muSaobas?~, misT.). am tipis kiTxvebi erTgvari
monaxazia, romelsac SeiZleba daeyrdnos sapirispiro poziciis kri-
tika. d) mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebi _ am tipis kiTxvebi Zalze waagavs an-
glosaqsuri sasamarTlo praqtikisaTvis tradiciul jvaredin dakiTx-
vas, romlis drosac farTod gamoiyeneba e.w. mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebi.13
gonivruli mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebis dasmiT SesaZlebelia oponentis
CixSi Seyvana, misi poziciis calmxrivobis, msjelobisas gamoyenebuli
damxmare masalis _ faqtebis, monacemebis da a.S. aramarTebulobis an
saeWvo xasiaTis Cveneba da/an argumentirebis dros daSvebuli Secdome-
bis gamoaSkaraveba. qvemoT sanimuSod moviyvanT mimaniSnebeli SekiTx-
vis debatebze gamoyenebis magaliTs.
kiTxva: Tu SeiZleba, SegvaxseneT, ra monacems daeyrdeniT meore
sakiTxze msjelobisas?
pasuxi: Cven daveyrdeniT wlevandeli sociologiuri gamokiTxvis
Sedegebs.
13
terminiT `jvaredini dakiTxva~ aRiniSneba SekiTxvebis seria, romelsac
anglosaqsuri tradiciis sasamarTloSi warmarTaven advokati (dacvis mxare)
da prokurori (braldebis mxare). procedurulad es gulisxmobs, rom mas mere,
rac dacvis an braldebis mier gamoZaxebuli mowme Cvenebas miscems sasamarTlos,
mas SekiTxvebs usvams sapirispiro mxaris warmomadgeneli _ braldebis mowmes
SekiTxvebs usvams dacvis mxare, dacvis mxaris mier warmodgenil mowmes ki, piriqiT
_ dakiTxavs braldebis mxare. rogorc aRiniSna, am dros farTod gamoiyeneben e.w.
mimaniSnebel SekiTxvebs. mag., mimaniSnebelia SekiTxva: ìyaviT Tu ara 20 ivnisis
saRamos kino «rusTavelSi»?~ _ masSi miniSnebulia, savaraudod, ra adgilze iyo
mopasuxe 20 ivnisis saRamos (SekiTxvis damsmelma winaswar icis, sad iyo konkretul
drosa da adgilze mopasuxe). gansxvavebuli tipisaa SekiTxva `sad iyaviT 20 ivnisis
saRamos?~ _ masSi araa raime miniSneba. aseve, mimaniSnebelia: `SexvdiT Tu ara
kinoTeatrSi Tqvens mezobels?~, zogadia _ `vis SexvdiT kinoTeatrSi?~ da misT.
99
kiTxva: iyo Tu ara wlevandeli sociologiuri gamokiTxva Catare-
buli saxelmwifo organizaciis mier?
pasuxi: ara, sociologiuri gamokiTxva, romlis Sedegebi Cven gamo
viyeneT, Catarebulia erT-erTi arasamTavrobo organizaciis mier.
kiTxva: daafinansa Tu ara es samuSao (gamokiTxvis Catareba) saxel-
mwifom?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: SeeZlo Tu ara saxelmwifosagan miRebul dafinansebas zegav
lenis moxdena gamokiTxvis Sedegebze?
pasuxi: ver vxvdebi, ras gulisxmobT.
kiTxva: axlave agixsniT. warmovidginoT, rom Tqven kedlis SesaRe-
bad dagiqiraves. SeRebavT Tu ara kedels im feris saRebaviT, romelsac
Tqveni damqiravebeli moisurvebs?
pasuxi: diax, ra Tqma unda.
kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara vivaraudoT, rom damqiraveblis, anu saxel-
mwifos neba-survili garkveulwilad asaxulia gamokiTxvis SedegebSi?
pasuxi: (pauza) diax, amgvari varaudis gamoTqma SesaZlebelia.
kiTxva: amgvarad, mosalodnelia Tu ara, rom kritikulad moazrovne
adamians garkveuli undobloba gauCndes gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mimarT?
pasuxi: (pauza) ar vici... (pauza) diax, albaT, mosalodnelia.
sapasuxo sityvebi _ sapasuxo sityvebis warmoTqmis etapze part-
niorebs SeuZliaT gadainawilon samuSao. marTlac, Tuki romelime
erTi mopasuxe moisurvebs sapasuxo sityvaSi yevla sakiTxis dafarvas,
misi analizi zedapiruli iqneba _ Rrma analizis gakeTebis saSualeba
mas ar eqneba SezRuduli droiTi limitis gamo. aqedan gamomdinare,
ukeTesi iqneba, Tuki sakiTxebi gadanawildeba mopasuxeebs Soris _ erTi
mopasuxe msjelobs erT romelime sakiTxze, meore _ sxvaze. sapasuxo
sityvebi spikerebs aZlevs saSualebas, gaagrZelon oponentebis pozici-
is negatiuri mxareebis warmoCena da am mizniT gamoiyenon SekiTxvebis
raundis dros dasmuli kiTxvebis Sedegebi; agreTve gamoasworon raun-
dis dros daSvebuli Secdomebi. mag., mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebis gamo
yenebis zemoT moyvanil magaliTSi (ix. qveTavi `SekiTxvebis raundi~)
upiratesoba moipova kiTxvebis damsmelma, romelmac mopasuxe CixSi
moamwyvdia. mopasuxes revanSis aReba SeuZlia sapasuxo sityvaSi. mag.,
mas SeuZlia yuradReba gaamaxvilos SekiTxvebis damsmelis mier moy-
vanili analogiis (kedlis SeRebvis magaliTi) aramarTebulobaze da ms-
menelebs SesTavazos analogiis koreqtirebuli varianti _ damqiravebe-
li (saxelmwifo) daqiravebuls (arasamTavrobo organizacias) ukveTavs
ara saRebavis fers (gamokiTxvis Sedegebs), aramed kedlis SeRebvas
(anu sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Catarebas). rac Seexeba feris SerCevas
(gamokiTxvis Sedegebs), es warmoadgenda mxolod daqiravebulis kompe-
tencias, misT.
100
auditoria
debatebSi warmatebis misaRwevad aucilebelia ori faqtoris gaT-
valiswineba: auditoriis specifikisa da raodenobis. vin arian msmenele-
bi? rogoria maTi asaki? ra profesiis arian isini? Tuki monawileebi wi-
naswar dafiqrdebian am sakiTxebze, SeZleben adekvaturi enis, stilisa
Tu araverbaluri saSualebebis SerCevas. adekvaturi verbaluri da
araverbaluri saSualebebis gamoyeneba ki debatebSi warmatebis miRwev- 2
is erT-erTi umTavresi saSualebaa. aqve unda aRiniSnos erT-erTi mniS-
vnelovani faqtori _ auditoriis raodenoba. marTlac, metyvelebis
stili da araverbaluri saSualebebi SeiZleba sakmaod sxvaobdes imisda
mixedviT, msmenelebiT savse did darbazSi imarTeba debatebi Tu ram-
denime msmenelis win patara oTaxSi. marTlac, ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi
saWiro ar iqneba Zalze xmamaRla laparaki, farTod gaSlili Jestebis
gamoyeneba; monawileebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcion
araverbaluri enis elemenetebs, rogorebicaa: saxis gamometyveleba,
TvalebiT kontaqti da misT.
debatebis ena _ debatebis monawileTa metyveleba naTeli da gasage-
bi unda iyos auditoriisaTvis. monawileebma Tavi unda aaridon Jar-
gonebisa da kliSeebis gamoyenebas, imavdroulad, gaiTvaliswinon, rom
mecnieruli terminebiT da/an dargobrivi leqsikiT gadatvirTuli
msjeloba, romelic mxolod erT viwro sferozea fokusirebuli, SeiZ
leba gaugebari iyos saskolo debatebis damswreTa umravlesobisTvis.
amitom monawileebma unda gamoiyenon mxolod ZiriTadi, aucilebeli
terminebi da dargobrivi leqsika; Seecadon, ilaparakon ise, rom maTi
azri gasagebi iyos damswreebisaTvis. imisaTvis, rom msmenelebs gauad-
vildeT msjelobis aRqma, monawileebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon Sesabamisi
enobrivi konstruqciebi, _ meore mxriv, jer erTi, Tumca, amis sapiris
pirod, saboloood da a.S. amave mizniT SeiZleba damxmare saSualebebis
_ vizualuri masalis (fotos, rukis, sxv.), sqemebis, diagramebis da/an
sxva saxis grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyenebac.
araverbaluri ena _ debatebis Sedegebze zegavlenas axdens agreTve
monawileTa Jestikulacia, xmis dinamika da tembri, sxeulis poza, saxis
gamometyveleba, TvalebiT kontaqti. amitom mas mere, roca monawilee-
bi moamzadeben debatebis gegma-monaxazs, gaiazreben yvela SesaZlo
SekiTxvasa da pasuxs, maT unda izrunon adekvaturi araverbaluri sa-
Sualebebis SerCevazec. amisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba, Tuki spikerebi
winaswar repeticiebs gaivlian sarkis win.
araverbaluri enis mniSvnelobaze cxadad metyvelebs erTi
saintereso faqti gasuli saukunis realiebidan. 1960 wels gaimarTa
pirveli satelevizio debatebi amerikis prezidentobis kandidatebs _
vice-prezident riCard niqsonsa da senator jon kenedis Soris, romelic
gadaicemoda aseve radioTic. gamarjvebulis gamosavlenad debatebis
Semdeg Catarda gamokiTxva. gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom radiomsmenelebSi
101
upiratesoba moipova riCard niqsonma, telemayureblebSi ki _ jon
kenedim. radiomsmenelebma, romlebic ver xedavdnen mopaeqreebs,
daskvnebi gamoitanes maTi argumentirebis unaris, metyvelebis stilis,
sityvebis SerCevis, tonis, intonaciis mixedviT; telemayureblebis
SemTxvevaSi am faqtorebs daemata vizualuri mxarec _ maT SeeZloT
daskvnebis gamotana monawileebis mier gamoyenebuli araverbaluri
saSualebebis, agreTve, mopaeqreebis vizualuri monacemebis mixedviTac.
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi imaze metyvelebs, rom vizualur mxares SeuZlia
gadamwyveti zegavlena moaxdinos auditoriaze. saboloo jamSi,
debatebSi gaimarjva jon kenedim, radgan telemayureblebis raodenoba
sWarbobda radiomsmenelTa raodenobas.
momzadeba SekiTxvebis raundisaTvis _ debatebisaTvis momzadebis

procesSi aucilebelia, rom monawileebi kagad moemzadon SekiTxvebis
raundisaTvis. amis erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi gza isaa, rom monaw-
ilem winaswar ganWvritos oponentis yvela SesaZlo pasuxi da gaiazros
Tavisi moqmedebis strategia: `vTqvaT, oponenti dameTanxma, ra SekiTx-
vebi unda davusva amis Semdeg? vTqvaT, ar dameTanxma, ra SekiTxvebiT
unda gavagrZelo raundi? da a.S. Sesabamisad, oponentic amave gziT
emzadeba SekiTxvebis raundisaTvis _ winaswar warmoidgens yvela SesaZ-
lo SekiTxvas da gaiazrebs pasuxebis optimalur variantebs.
momzadebis etapze erT-erT saukeTeso strategias warmoadgens
muSaoba TanagundelebTan. gundis wevrebi erTmaneTs usvamen SekiTx-
vebs da pasuxoben maT; ewyoba diskusiebic, rac xels uwyobs ideebis
generirebisa da gacvla-gamocvlis process, sakiTxis mravalmxrivad
Seswavlas. am gziT monawileebi winaswar gaiazreben yvela SesaZlo
SekiTxvasa da pasuxs, SearCeven optimalur variantebs, daxvewen samoq
medo strategias.
ZiriTadi sityvebis warmoTqmisas, aseve SekiTxvebis raundis mimdin-
areobis dros aucilebelia oponentebis yuradRebiT mosmena, sasargeb
loa mokle Canawerebis keTebac _ oponentis gamonaTqvamebis CaniSvna.
maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes sapasuxo sityvis warmoTqmis
dros _ oponentis poziciis negatiuri mxareebis saCveneblad Zalze
efeqturia misi gamonaTqvamebisa Tu pasuxebis citireba da gakritikeba.
es samuSao SeiZleba iTavon gundis wevrebma.
samuSaos gaadvilebis mizniT am dros SesaZlebelia winaswar momza-
debuli grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyenebac.
102
III. 2. mimarTuleba: kiTxva
kiTxvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba saswavlo gegmaSi ganpirobebulia
imiT, rom kiTxva, rogorc kompleqsuri saazrovno unarebis erToblioba,
warmoadgens fundaments, romelic adamians damoukidebeli da saqmianobis
nebismier sferoSi warmatebuli cxovrebis saSualebas aZlevs.
cnobilia, rom nebismieri saxis teqsts mkiTxveli, ZiriTadad, ori 2
mizniT kiTxulobs: siamovnebisTvis an informaciis misaRebad. maga
liTad, didi da mcire formis mxatvruli nawarmoebebi, komiqsebi, ani-
maciuri filmebi da msgavsi tipis teqstebi siamovnebis miRebis mizniT
kiTxvasTan aris asocirebuli, xolo aramxatvruli sainformacio
an samecniero-dargobrivi teqstebis, beWduri Tu eleqtronuli le-
qsikonebis, aseve dokumenturi filmebis gacnoba, miiCneva, rom infor-
maciis miRebasTan aris dakavSirebuli.
enisa da literaturis swavlebisas kiTxvis es ori mizani sulac ar
ganixileba erTmaneTisagan gancalkevebulad, isini ar gamoricxaven
erTmaneTs. magaliTad, romanebis, dramaturgiuli Janris nawarmoe-
bebis, leqsebisa da poemebis, sagazeTo statiebis kiTxviT, aseve fo-
toebis, mxatvruli Tu dokumenturi filmebis naxviT moswavleebma Se
saZlebelia erTdroulad siamovnebac miiRon da informaciac.
kiTxva zedmiwevniT individualuri da piraduli qmedebaa. TiToeu-
li adamiani kiTxvisas eyrdnoba sakuTar cxovrebiseul, literaturul
da enobriv gamocdilebas. aseve sayuradReboa mkiTxvelis individu-
aluri socialuri, kulturuli Tu ojaxuri warmomavloba. amdenad,
araferia moulodneli imaSi, rom sxvadasxva mkiTxvelma erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebulad aRiqvas da gaiazros erTi da igive teqsti.
swored Tavisi uaRresad individualuri da piraduli xasiaTis gamo
kiTxvis procesi SegviZlia zedmiwevniT socializebul da TanamSrom-
lobiT aqtivobad vaqcioT. azrTa gaziareba, saubrebi da diskusiebi mos-
wavleebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs, moisminon TavianTi Tanaklaselebis
mosazrebebi da urTierTgansxvavebuli interpretaciebi. es ki maT
ubiZgebs, kritikulad Seafason da ganavrcon TavianTi Tavdapirveli
STabeWdilebebi da Sexedulebebi wakiTxulTan dakavSirebiT. garda
amisa, piradi STabeWdilebebisa da Sexedulebebis xmamaRla gacxade-
ba da sxvebisTvis gaziareba Zalian sasargebloa im TvalsazrisiTac,
rom xSirad aseTi qmedeba exmareba Tavad moswavles, rom mis gonebaSi
dabadebulma azrebma, gancdebma da SegrZnebebma ufro Camoyalibebuli
saxe miiRos. Sedegad, mosalodnelia, rom moswavlem ukeT gamokveTos
Tavisi emociuri Tu inteleqtualuri mimarTeba wakiTxuli teqtisad-
mi da, Sesabamisad, ufro kargad SeZlos sakuTari gancdebisa da Sexe
dulebebis verbalizacia rogorc zepiri, ise werilobiTi saxiT.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom kiTxvis unar
-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze muSaobisas, swavla-swavlebis procesSi, sas-
103
wavlo aqtivobebis dagegmvis dros aucileblad unda iyos gaTvalis-
winebuli individualuri (personaluri), socialuri da interaqtiuri
elementebis erToblioba.
muSaoba wakiTxulis gaazrebaze

kiTxvis procesis Teoriuli nawilis ganxilvisas da Sesabamisi re-
komendaciebis gacemisas winamdebare gzamkvlevSi veyrdnobiT klasikur
kognitivistur midgomas, romelic iTvaliswinebs kiTxvis swavlebis
samfazian models. es modeli gulisxmobs saklaso aqtivobebis dageg-
mvasa da ganxorcielebas kiTxvis dawyebamde, kiTxvis dros da kiTxvis
dasrulebis Semdeg.
kiTxvis wina etapi: wakiTxulis gageba-gaazrebisaTvis winapirobis Seqmna

maswavlebeli am etapze amzadebs kiTxvisTvis xelsayrel da mimzid-
vel garemos klasSi. igi arCevs sakiTxav masalas, gansazRvravs mis mocu-
lobas, adgens, ra informacias an sabaziso codnas floben moswavleebi
imisaTvis, rom SeZlon wasakiTxi teqstis gageba. kiTxvis wina aqtivobe-
bi exmareba moswavleebsac, kidev erTxel gadaxedon TavianT Sexedule-
bebs konkretul sakiTxTan Tu TemasTan dakavSirebiT, gamokveTon saku-
Tari mosazrebebi da piradi damokidebulebebi, aseve ufro meti gaigon
teqstSi asaxuli movlenebisa da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. kiTxvis wina etapze
maswavlebelma unda dagegmos iseTi saklaso aqtivobebi, romlebic mos-
wavleebs damoukidebeli kiTxvisTvis moamzadebs.
kiTxvis wina aqtivobebs ramdenime ZiriTadi daniSnuleba aqvs. esenia:
moswavleTa interesis gamowveva da maTi motivireba kiTxvisaTvis:
 imis gamo, rom mozardobis asaks axasiaTebs garkveuli proble-
mebi socializaciis TvalsazrisiT, mkveTri fizikuri cvlilebebi da
Tanmdevi fsiqologiuri problemebi, es yvelaferi, bunebrivia, gavle-
nas axdens maT motivaciaze swavlis mimarT. amitom, Tuki maswavlebeli
am asakis moswavleebs CarTavs kargad dagegmil, organizebul kiTxvis
wina aqtivobebSi, isini dainteresdebian wasakiTxi teqstis TemiT, aR-
moaCenen maTTvis mimzidvel detalebs da metad aReZvrebaT teqstis
wakiTxvis survili.
wasakiTx teqstSi asaxuli Temebis an Sesabamisi enobrivi sakiTxebis
Sesaxeb moswavleTa adreuli codnis Sefaseba, saWiro codnis ageba an
arsebulis aqtivacia:
 maswavlebelma swored kiTxvis wina etapze unda auxsnas moswav-
leebs teqstTan dakavSirebuli sakvanZo cnebebis mniSvneloba da gaac-
nos maT axali leqsika. kiTxvis wina aqtivobebis meSveobiT maswavlebels
SeuZlia Seafasos moswavleTa fonuri codna im sakiTxebis, Temebis
irgvliv, romlebsac exeba wasakiTxi teqsti. Tuki saWiroeba moiTxovs,
104
maswavlebels, bunebrivia, SeuZlia miawodos informacia, ganumartos
da auxsnas moswavleebs yvela is sakiTxi, romelTa codnac maT dasWir-
deba wasakiTxi teqstis gasagebad.
kiTxvis miznis gansazRvra:

 kiTxvaSi ukeTesi Sedegebi aqvT im moswavleebs, romlebmac ician,
Tu ra mizniT kiTxuloben ama Tu im teqsts da SeuZliaT Sesabamisi 2
strategiebis SerCeva. amitom, mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma mi-

aCvios moswavleebi, rom kiTxvis dawyebamde maT kargad hqondeT gac-
nobierebuli, risTvis akeTeben amas. Sedegi ki is aris, rom moswavlee-
bi ufro yuradRebiT kiTxuloben teqsts, akvirdebian da azusteben
detalebs, romelTa gagebac maT kiTxvis miznis miRwevaSi daexmareba.
kiTxvis miznebs Soris SeiZleba moviazroT:
o informaciis miReba;
o garToba / siamovnebis miReba;
o raime sakiTxis dazusteba;
o piradi damokidebulebebis Camoyalibeba;
o Tvalsawieris gafarToeba Temis irgvliv;
o sxv.
kiTxvis procesi: teqstis kiTxva

kiTxvis procesSi aucilebelia iseTi saklaso aqtivobebis dagegmva
da ganxorcieleba, romlebic moswavleebs daexmareba, siRrmiseulad
gaiazron teqstis Sinaarsobrivi, enobrivi Tu gamomsaxvelobiTi mxa-
reebi. maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos moswavleebs, rom isini iyvenen
aqtiuri mkiTxvelebi, SeZlon kiTxvis dros teqstTan dialogis dam-
yareba da amis safuZvelze azris gamotana wakiTxulidan. kiTxvis dros
maswavlebelma unda waaxalisos moswavleebi, rom maT CamouyalibdeT
refleqsiuri damokidebuleba avtoris Canafiqris, teqstis mTavari
saTqmelis mimarT. yvelaferi es xels uwyobs teqstisa da mkiTxvelis
erTmaneTTan emociur da inteleqtualur daaxloebas da, sabolood,
wakiTxuli teqstis gaazrebas.
aqtivobebs, romlebic kiTxvis procesSi xorcieldeba, ramdenime
ZiriTadi daniSnuleba aqvs. esenia:
teqstis, masSi gadmocemuli ideebisa da Temebis gageba-gaazrebaze
muSaoba moswavleebTan:
 moswavleebi kargi mkiTxvelebi xdebian mxolod maSin, roca aq-
tiurad arian CarTulni kiTxvis procesSi da SeuZliaT teqstTan dia-
logis damyareba, agreTve, floben da kiTxvis miznis Sesabamisad iyene-
ben im strategiebs, romlebic maT wakiTxulis gaazrebaSi exmareba.
moswavleTa yuradRebis gamaxvileba teqstis Semadgenel elemen-
105
tebze _ mTavar da meorexarisxovan Temebze, ZiriTad sakiTxebze, de-
talebze:
 teqstis struqturuli Taviseburebebisa da organizaciuli ele
mentebis amocnoba, maTze dakvirveba, moswavleebs, bunebrivia, exmareba
ukeT gaigon wakiTxuli. masTanave, isini axerxeben am codnis gadatanas
(transfers) weriT metyvelebaSi.
moswavleTa yuradRebis gamaxvileba avtoris enasa da enobriv-
gamosaxvelobiTi saSualebebis (mag., avtoris enobrivi arCevanis, wina-
dadebebis agebis, mxatvruli saSualebebis) gamoyenebis efeqturobaze:
 rodesac moswavleebi kiTxis dros konteqstSi euflebian cod-
nas enis efeqturad gamoyenebis sxvadasxva teqnikisa da saSualebebis
Sesaxeb, isini ufro advilad, Zaldautaneblad aRiqvamen enis eqspresi-
ul bunebas, uviTardebaT enobrivi alRo da, Sesabamisad, ara mxolod
ukeT gaiazreben wakiTxuls, aramed axerxeben SeZenili codnisa da una
rebis gadatanas (transfers) weriT da zepir metyvelebaSi.
moswavleTa waxaliseba, gadmoscen sakuTari STabeWdilebebi da ga-
moxaton piradi damokidebulebebi rogorc teqstis, ise avtoris osta-
tobis Sesaxeb:
 Tuki maswavlebeli waaxalisebs moswavleebs, kiTxvis proces-
Sive gamoxaton TavianTi piradi damokidebulebebi da STabeWdilebebi
wakiTxulTan dakavSirebiT, es maT daexmareba, erTi mxriv, gamokveTon
sakuTari Sexedulebebi wakiTxulis mimarT, romlebsac ganamtkiceben
an gadaxedaven kiTxvis gagrZelebisas, meore mxriv, ufro kargad Sea-
fason sakuTari Tavi _ gaazrebis unari, Sexedulebebi, faseulobaTa
sistema, codna da gamocdileba.
kiTxvis Semdgomi etapi: gaxseneba, piradi da kritikuli damokidebu

lebis gamoxatva, wakiTxulis gaazreba-gaanalizeba
wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba da mis mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis
gamoxatva utyuari niSania imisa, rom moswavleebma moaxerxes mocemul
teqstTan srulfasovani interaqciis damyareba, maT gonebaSi ki aigo
iseTi sqemebi, romlebic SemdgomSi maT sxva teqstebis gaazrebaSi daex-
mareba. maswavleblis movaleobaa, gaagebinos moswavleebs, rom kiTxva
azrovnebas gulisxmobs da misi mizani ara mxolod informaciis an Si-
naarsis damaxsovreba, aramed wakiTxulidan azris gamotanaa. amitom,
maswavlebelma unda waaxalisos moswavleebi, rom maT gaiazron wakiTx-
uli, gauziaron erTmaneTs sakuTari damokidebulebebi, daubrundnen
teqsts detalebis dasazusteblad, daamyaron kavSiri adreul da ax-
lad SeZenil codnas Soris da gamoiyenon es axali codna sakiTxebis
ufro Rrmad gasaazreblad.
106
kiTxvis Semdgomi aqtivobebis ZiriTadi miznebia:
moswavleebis daxmareba wakiTxul teqstSi warmodgenili ideebis,
Temebis, sakiTxebis, cnebebis, avtoris mier gamoyenebuli enobriv-
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis gaazrebaSi:
 avtoris enis, mis mier gamoyenebuli mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi
saSualebebis gaazreba moswavleTa weriTi metyvelebis daxvewis wina
pirobaa, xolo teqstSi asaxuli ideebis, Temebis, sakiTxebis saTanadod 2
gaanalizeba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba ex-
mareba maT, erTi mxriv, Tavad daamyaron kavSiri wakiTxul teqstTan,
meore mxriv ki, dainaxon kavSirebi am teqstsa da garesamyaros Soris.
yvelaferi es exmareba moswavleebs, ukeT gaicnon sakuTari Tavi da
samyaro, amasTanave, ganuviTardeT nebismieri sxva teqstis gageba-
gaazrebisaTvis aucilebeli kognituri unarebi.
moswavleTa CarTva analizis, sinTezis, ideebis organizebisa da
gadmocemis procesSi:
 Tuki moswavleebi diskusiebSi monawileobis saSualebiT Tu
we
rilobiTi gziT gamoTqvamen azrs an gamoxataven sakuTar damoki
debulebebsa da Sexedulebebs wakiTxul teqstTan dakavSirebiT, es
imas niSnavs, rom isini aqtiuri mkiTxvelebi arian da aqvT wakiTxulis
gaazrebis unari. es ki kritikuli azrovnebis (analizis, sinTezis da
Sefasebis unarebis) Camoyalibebis winapirobas warmoadgens.
moswavleTa mibruneba wakiTxul teqstTan, sakiTxebis dazusteba,
teqstSi CaRrmaveba:
 teqstis xelaxla wakiTxva da gaazreba moswavleebs saSualeba
aZlevs, ufro zedmiwevniT, detalurad da Rrmad gaiazron wakiTxuli.
aseve sasargeblo iqneba, Tuki maswavlebeli moswavleebs SesTavazebs
mravalferovan zepir da weriT aqtivobebSi monawileobas. am gziT
wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarsi moswavleebisTvis bevrad ufro gamWvir-
vale da advilad gasagebi gaxdeba.
moswavleTa xelSewyoba, rom maT kavSirebi daamyaron adreul cod-
nasa da gamocdilebas da axlad SeZenil codnas (informacias) Soris:
 kiTxvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqti da misi damagvirgvine-
beli etapia, roca mkiTxveli amyarebs kavSirs wakiTxul teqstsa da
pirad an literaturul gamocdilebas, aseve realur cxovrebas Soris.
amitom, kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebelma aucileblad unda
dagegmos aqtivobebi, romlebic moswavleebs codnis integrirebisa da
sinTezirebis unarebis ganviTarebaSi daexmareba. am gziT moswavleebi
SeZleben gaimdidron sakuTari enobrivi gamocdileba da gaiRrmavon
codna ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb, razec SemdgomSi isini aageben axal
codnasa da gamocdilebas.
107
meTodikuri midgomebi kiTxvis swavlebaSi
rogorc cnobilia, kiTxvis saboloo mizani aris wakiTxulis gaaz-
reba. upirvelesad swored am miznis miRwevas unda emsaxurebdes ga-
kveTilze dagegmili yvela sakiTxavi aqtivoba.
radganac sabazo safexuris moswavle jer kidev ar aris bolomde Camo
yalibebuli, rogorc srulfasovani mkiTxveli, saWiroa, rom qarTuli
enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze kvlav gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
daeTmos specialuri meToduri midgomebis gamoyenebas kiTxvisTvis saWi
ro saazrovno unarebis ganviTarebisa da strategiebis swavlebis mizniT.
SegviZlia gamovkveToT, Tu riTi xasiaTdeba kiTxvis mimarTuleba-
ze muSaoba sabazo safexurze: swavlebis am etapze TandaTanobiT unda
gaZlierdes damoukidebeli kiTxvis komponenti, rac aseve gulisxmobs
kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg erTmaneTisaTvis sakuTari mosazrebebisa
da Sexedulebebis gaziarebis SesaZleblobas saklaso an mcire jgufeb-
Si gamarTul diskusiebSi monawileobis gziT.
yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT mxolod ramdenime ZiriTad midgomaze
kiTxvis swavlebaSi. maswavlebels Tavisuflad SeuZlia am midgomebis
modificireba, integrireba an kombinireba kiTxvis miznis Sesabamisad,
aseve morgeba moswavleTa saWiroebebze. es midgomebia:
damoukidebeli kiTxva
es midgoma ar gulisxmobs mxolod saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli
an sagnobrivi programiT gaTvaliswinebuli dasamuSavebeli teqstebis
damoukideblad wakiTxvas. misi saSualebiT moswavleebs SesaZlebloba
eZlevaT, Tavad SearCion sakiTxavi masala sakuTari SesaZleblobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, aseve imis mixedviT, Tu ra tipis teqstebs, romel
Janrs an Tematikas aniWeben upiratesobas. amavdroulad, moswavleebs
aucileblad unda mieceT saSualeba, gamoxaton TavianTi damokidebule-
ba wakiTxulis mimarT da moisminon sxvaTa Sefasebebic.
damoukidebeli kiTxvis organizebis formebi sxvadasxvagvaria. es
SeiZ
leba moxdes gakveTilze, rodesac moswavleebi Cumad, uwyvetad
kiTxuloben SeTavazebul an maTTvis sasurvel teqstebs. mas aseve SeiZ
leba mieces saSinao davalebis an kiTxvis seminarebis saxec (ix. qvemoT).
marTuli kiTxva
damoukidebel kiTxvasTan erTad sabazo safexurze qarTuli eni-
sa da literaturis gakveTilebze aseve umniSvnelovanesi komponentia
marTuli kiTxvis, rogorc meTodikuri midgomis, gamoyeneba. am dros
maswavlebeli sakuTar Tavze iRebs wakiTxul teqstTan dakavSirebuli
ganxilvebisa da diskusiebis warmarTvas. maswavlebeli da moswavleebi
erTad muSaoben teqstze sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. isini:
108
 uziareben erTmaneTs sakuTar damokidebulebebs konkretuli
teqstis mimarT, usmenen da afaseben sxvaTa mosazrebebs;
 kiTxvis dasrulebamde winaswar Wvreten da akeTeben prognozs,
Tu rogor SeiZleba ganviTardes movlenebi an rogor SeiZleba
dasruldes ambavi;
 sakiTxav teqsts akavSireben adre wakiTxulTan da msjeloben, ra
msgavseba da gansxvavebaa maT Soris, adareben da/an upirispireben 2
erTmaneTs avtorTa enas, stils, Sefasebis safuZvelze akeTeben
arCevans da cdiloben axsnan, ratom moewonaT ufro erT-erTi
maTgani;
 amokreben ucnob sityvebs da adgenen maTs mniSvnelobas;
 ganixilaven maTTvis saintereso enobriv-gamosaxvelobiT sa-
Sualebebs, romlebic teqstSi SexvdaT, magaliTad, mxatvrul
xerxebs, frazeologizmebs, ritorikul xerxebs da sxv.;
 msjeloben, ra gavlenas axdens avtoris enobrivi arCevani da mis
mier SerCeuli stili kiTxvis procesze;
 ganixilaven sxvadasxva tipis da Janris teqstebis (magaliTad,
TxrobiTi an aRweriTi teqstis, biografiis, leqsis, piesis da
sxvaTa) ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs;
 amoicnoben da ganixilaven teqstis gasagebad mniSvnelovan ele-
mentebs, magaliTad:
o avtoris Sexedulebebs, misi xedvis kuTxes da pozicias movle
nebis, personaJebis mimarT;
o personaJis Sinagan emociur da fsiqologiur mdgomareobas, ro-
melic aisaxeba mis qcevaze;
o im fsiqoemociur da zneobriv cvlilebebs, romlebsac perso-
naJi ganicdis;
o gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan detalebs, romlebic exmareba
mkiTxvels sakvanZo momentebis axsnaSi da a.S.
saziaro an jgufebSi kiTxva

am midgomas maswavleblebi dawyebiT safexurze mimarTaven moswavle-
Ta Tavisuflad kiTxvaSi gasavarjiSeblad, magram misi gamoyeneba aseve
SesaZlebelia sabazo safexuris pirvel etapzec. es jer kidev is asakia,
roca moswavleebs moswonT erTad kiTxva da, zogadad, erToblivad
muSaoba. moswavleebi wyvildebian an qmnian mcire jgufebs, sadac erT-
maneTs ukiTxaven, an monacvleobiT kiTxuloben teqsts. es midgoma sa-
sargebloa maSin, roca mcire jgufebi an wyvilebi dakompleqtebulia
gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebisa da miRwevebis mqone moswavleebiT.
am dros SedarebiT susti moswavleebi modelirebisa da gavarjiSebis
gziT sagrZnoblad aumjobeseben TavianT Sedegebs. warmatebul moswav-
109
leebs ki saSualeba eZlevaT, gamoavlinon sakuTari SesaZleblobebi
da, amavdroulad, varjiSisa da TviTmonitoringis saSualebiT ufro
metad daixvewon da ganviTardnen, rogorc mkiTxvelebi.
saziaro kiTxva unda dasruldes saklaso an mcire jgufebSi gamar-
Tuli diskusiebiT, rac aucilebelia kritikuli azrovnebis, aseve mos-
menisa da laparakis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisTvis.
kiTxvis seminari
es midgoma saukeTeso saSualebaa imisaTvis, rom klasSi Camoyalib-
des TanamoazreTa, anu mkiTxvelTa gundi. am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi
Tavad irCeven da kiTxuloben teqstebs, rac maT SesaZleblobas aZlevs,
gamokveTon da warmoaCinon sakuTari interesebi, gaimdidron gamocdile-
ba. yvelaferi es ki mkiTxvels warmatebis met Sanss aZlevs, aZlierebs
moswavlis Tavdajerebulobas da rwmenas sakuTari Tavisadmi.
kiTxvis seminarze, Cveulebriv, gamoyofilia dro xanmokle in-
struqtaJisaTvis, rodesac maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs gakveTi-
lis mimdinareobas da acnobs Sesabamis strategiebs; kiTxvisaTvis,
rodesac yvela moswavle dakavebulia kiTxviT da urTierTgaziarebi-
saTvis, romlis drosac moswavleebi saklaso an mcire jgufebSi gamar-
Tuli diskusiebis gziT erTmaneTs uziareben sakuTar damokidebule-
bebs maT mier wakiTxuli wignebis Sesaxeb.
kiTxvis seminarebi xelsayreli saSualebaa maswavleblisaTvis, gai-
gos, ra ainteresebT mis moswavleebs, dainaxos TiToeuli moswavlis
Zlieri da susti mxareebi da amis mixedviT dagegmos Semdgomi muSaoba.
es midgoma sabolood orientirebulia warmatebuli mkiTxvelis aRzr-
daze, romelsac uyvars da siamovnebs kiTxva da romelsac kargad aqvs
ganviTarebuli kritikuli azrovnebis unari.
saSualo safexurze, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, moswavle
ukve Camoyalibebuli mkiTxvelia. igi ukve flobs da iyenebs sxvadasxva
saxis teqstebis gageba-gaazrebisTvis aucilebeli strategiebis mTel
repertuars da saTanadod iyenebs maT. swavla-swavlebis am etapze
moswavles umetesad uwevs ukve SeZenili kompetenciebis _ enobrivi
codnisa da gamocdilebis, unar-Cvevebisa da swavlis strategiebis _
efeqturad gamoyeneba, xolo aqcenti gadadis ufro maRali saazrov-
no unarebis ganviTarebaze. es gulisxmobs analizis, interpretaciis,
Sefasebis, sinTezirebisa da gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze
muSaobas, aseve refleqsiuri, kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis
sabolood formirebas moswavleebSi.
saSualo safexurze kiTxvis mimarTuleba ZiriTadad, efuZneba da-
moukidebeli kiTxvis midgomas, romelsac Tan unda axldes mraval-
ferovani zepirmetyvelebiTi da weriTi saswavlo aqtivobebi, magali
Tad, diskusiebi, ganxilvebi, inscenireba, agreTve, sxvadasxva saxis
werilobiTi Tu multimediuri teqstebis Seqmna.
110
teqstis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba
sabazo safexuri
rogorc cnobilia, teqsti, rogorc TavisTavadi Rirebuleba, ar ar-
sebobs. mas azrs da mniSvnelobas mxolod mkiTxveli aniWebs. mkiTxveli
aris is, vinc dialogs amyarebs im ideebTan, TemebTan, faseulobebTan
da SexedulebebTan, romlebsac teqstSi amoikiTxavs. TiToeuli adami-
2
ani nebismieri formiT mowodebuli teqstis kiTxvisas Tu gacnobisas
eyrdnoba sakuTar cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas, ukve Camoyalibebul
SexedulebaTa sistemas da codnas, romelsac igi ukve flobs. swored
amitom, ramdenadac unikaluria TiToeul Cvengani Tavisi codniT, ga-
mocdilebiTa da SexedulebebiT, imdenad gansxvavebulia TiToeuli
Cvenganis aRqma da damokidebuleba wakiTxulis mimarT. roca moswav-
leebs am damokidebulebebisa da Sexedulebebis gamoxatvis saSualeba
eZlevaT, gakveTili yvela monawilisTvis uaRresad saintereso xdeba,
radgan am dros maT ukeT SeuZliaT dainaxon mciredi gansxvavebebic ki,
romlebic SeiZleba arsebobdes teqstis gagebasa da interpretaciaSi.
teqstebze muSaobisas aucilebelia, rom maswavlebelma xeli Seu-
wyos moswavleTa kompleqsuri saazrovno procesebis gaaqtiurebas.
imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma SeZlon wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT pira-
di damokidebulebis, piradi mimarTebis Camoyalibeba da gamoxatva,
gakveTilze araerTi gzis gamoyeneba SeiZleba, magaliTad: wakiTxulis
garSemo dialogebis, diskusiebis, debatebis gamarTva, sxvadasxva ti-
pis weriTi davalebebis Sesruleba, romlebSic warmodgenili iqneba sa-
kuTriv moswavleTa Sexedulebebi, aseve ganxiluli iqneba gansxvavebu-
li mosazrebebic, amasTanave, TviTgamoxatvis alternatiuli formebis
gamoyeneba _ xatva, kolaJebis, dekoraciebis, klipebis, filmebis da a.S.
Seqmna, inscenireba, mxatvruli kiTxva da mravali sxva.
moswavleebs unda mieceT saSualeba, kargad dafiqrdnen, awon-
dawonon, Tu ras fiqroben, ras grZnoben an ra emocia gamoiwvia maT-
Si wakiTxulma, daakavSiron igi sakuTar gamocdilebasa Tu sxva, maT-
Tvis nacnob teqstebTan. Sesabamisi saklaso aqtivobebis wyalobiT
moswavleebi ufro safuZvlianad, siRrmiseulad igeben da gaiazreben
wakiTxuls, erTvebian sxvadasxva donis saazrovno procesebSi da uC
ndebaT survili, nebismieri formiT gamoxaton da gauziaron sxvebs
TavianTi nafiqr-nagrZnobi.
imisaTvis, rom moswavleebs maqsimalurad mieceT TviTgamoxatvis
saSualeba, saWiroa iseTi aqtivobebis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba ga-
kveTilze, rom maT moaxerxon teqstis mimarT sakuTari damokidebule-
bebis, Sexedulebebisa da kiTxviT gamowveuli emociebis gansxvavebuli
formebiT gadmocema. amgvari midgoma maT codnis gamTlianebaSi ex-
mareba, radgan kiTxvasTan erTad maT uviTardebaT zepirmetyvelebi-
sa da weris unar-Cvevebi, iZenen axal codnasa da gamocdilebas, rac
mTlianobaSi maT enobriv ganviTarebas uwyobs xels.
111
gTavazobT saklaso aqtivobaTa tipologias, romelic maswavlebels
SeuZlia gamoiyenos imisaTvis, raTa moswavleebs wakiTxuli teqstis
mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis zepiri da werilobiTi saxiT, aseve
gamoxatvis alternatiuli formebiT gadmocemis saSualeba mieceT.
zepiri formiT gadmocemuli damokidebulebebi:
 diskusiebi mTel klasTan an mcire jgufebSi; azrebis gamoTqma-
gaziareba. am dros moswavleebi sruli sisavsiT axerxeben gamoTqvan
azri, gadmoscen sakuTari emociebi da damokidebulebebi wakiTxuli
mimarT. maswavlebeli unda ecados, rom aseT diskusiebSi maqsimalurad
CaerTos TiToeuli moswavle.
 mxatvruli kiTxva. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma ufro kargad ig-
rZnon, realurad gaiTavison wakiTxuli teqsti, maT SeuZliaT SearCion
romelime epizodi an monakveTi da klasis winaSe moawyon mxatvruli
kiTxva individualurad an wyvilebSi. aqtivobisTvis mzadebis proces-
Si moswavleebi dafiqrdebian da ganixilaven erTmaneTTan, magaliTad,
rogori xma, diqcia an gamometyveleba SeiZleba hqondes ama Tu im per-
sonaJs da ratom. es ki, bunebrivia, aiZulebs maT, ufro kargad CauR
rmavdnen teqsts.
 recenzireba. moswavleebs SeuZliaT moamzadon recenzia wakiT
xul wignsa Tu moTxrobaze da zepiri moxsenebis saxiT warmoadgi-
non klasis winaSe. es daexmareba TiToeul moswavles, gaiazros, raze
daafiqra wakiTxulma, kiTxvisas ram imoqmeda masze yvelaze metad da
ratom aris sasurveli, rom sxvebmac waikiTxon es nawarmoebi.
werilobiTi formiT gadmocemuli damokidebulebebi:
 piradi gamoxmaureba, igive piradi damokidebulebis amsaxveli
ese yvelaze kargad warmoaCens mkiTxvelisa da teqstis urTierTobas,
kavSirs wakiTxul teqstSi gadmocemul ideebs, damokidebulebebsa da
mkiTxvelis Sexedulebebs, Rirebulebebsa da gamocdilebas Soris. sa-
survelia, rom davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg moswavleebma sakuTari
naSromebi ganixilon mcire jgufebSi, sadac TiToeul maTgans miecema
SesaZlebloba, gauziaros Tanaklaselebs sakuTari naazrevi, isaubros
da Camoayalibos sakuTari damokidebuleba teqstisadmi. isini aRmoaCe-
nen msgavsebebsa da gansxvavebebs erTmaneTis naazrevSi da Seecdebian
gaarkvion, ratom emTxveva an ar emTxveva maTi Sexedulebebi erTmaneTs.
 teqstis reziume aseve kargad asaxavs, Tu ra damokidebuleba
Camouyalibda mkiTxvels wakiTxulis mimarT da rogoria misi xedvis
kuTxe teqstSi asaxul problematikasTan, ideebTan, Sexedulebebsa da
RirebulebebTan mimarTebiT.
 axali teqstis Seqmna. moswavleebs SeuZliaT SeTxzan sxvadasxva
saxis werilobiTi (magaliTad, leqsi, Canaxati, novela da a.S.) an sxva
formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi (magaliTad, naxati, kolaJi, grafi-
ka, videorgoli, musikaluri klipi da a.S.), raTa gamoxaton sakuTari
112
damokidebuleba wakiTxulis mimarT.aseTi teqstebis Seqmnis mTavari
mizani, ZiriTadad, mkiTxvelSi im emociis gamowvevaa, romeliv Tavad
mkiTxvels daebada kiTxvis dros. wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT piradi
damokidebulebis gadmocemis es gza gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels mos-
wavleTa SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas.
 moswavle mwerlis adgilze. teqstebze muSaobisas, sasurvelia,
rom maswavlebelma zogjer waaxalisos moswavleebi, rom maT mwerlis 2
adgilze warmoidginon Tavi da Seavson teqsti garkveuli monakveTebiT,
dialogebiT, aseve Secvalon misi dasasruli. magram imisaTvis, rom maT
mier SeTxzuli teqstebi iseve kargad ikiTxebodes da iseve saintere-
so iyos, rogorc Tavad mwerlis mier dawerili nawili da organulad
eTavsebodes originalur teqsts, manamde saWiroa, rom kiTxvisas mos-
wavleebi yuradRebiT daakvirdnen mwerlis enas, mis mier gamoyenebul
enobriv-gamosaxvelobiT saSualebebs, nawarmoebis stilur Tavisebure-
bebs. mxolod amis Semdeg SeuZliaT moswavleebs Seasrulon davaleba
ise, rom ar daarRvion nawarmoebis mTliani qarga.
 msgavsi ambis gaxseneba. moswavleebs SeuZliaT gaixsenon da da
weron yvelafris Sesaxeb, rac teqstSi wakiTxuls ukavSirdeba. es SeiZ
leba iyos sakuTari gamocdileba, Tavs gadaxdenili msgavsi istoria,
aseve sxvebisgan gagonili, wakiTxuli an nanaxi Tavgadasavlebi. am gziT
moswavleebi ufro yuradRebiT kiTxuloben teqsts, akvirdebian Ti-
Toeul epizods Tu detals, cdiloben piradad ganicadon yvelaferi,
rac personaJis Tavs xdeba. werisas ki isini cdiloben gaamdidron sa-
kuTari naweri saWiro detalebiT, aseve enobrivi gamomsaxvelobiTi sa-
SualebebiT, raTa naweri ufro mimzidveli da saintereso gaxdes mkiTx-
velisTvis. yovelive es ki moswavleebs exmareba ara mxolod wakiTxuli
teqstis gageba-gazrebaSi, aramed axali enobrivi gamocdilebis SeZena-
Si, Tvalsawieris gafarToebasa da warmosaxvis unaris ganviTarebaSi.
pirad gamocdilebaze roca vsaubrobT, bunebrivia, ar vgulisxmobT,
rom moswavles aucileblad unda hqondes gamocdili teqstSi aRwe
rilis msgavsi istoria. amis molodini arc maswavlebels unda hqondes.
magaliTad, konkretuli moTxroba SesaZlebelia asaxavdes meore msof-
lio omis periods da masSi moTxrobili iyos rTul viTarebaSi perso-
naJis mier gamoCenili simamacis Sesaxeb. moswavleTagan Zalian cota
SeiZleba iyos iseTi, visac Tavisi TvaliT unaxavs omi an piradad saku-
Tar Tavze gamoucdia omTan dakavSirebuli ambebi, magram albaT yvela
moswavle gamxdara gambedavi saqcielis Semswre Tavis cxovrebaSi. bune-
brivia, mosalodnelia, rom gansxvavebuli iyos Tavad situacia, iseve
rogorc simamacis gamovlinebis xarisxi, magram `simamacis~, rogorc
eTikuri cnebis, gageba yvelasaTvis erTia.
aseT SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels SeuZlia sTxovos moswavleebs, aR
weron situacia, sadac isini vinmes simamacis, gambedaobis mowmeni gam
xdaran. sakuTari gamocdilebis gaziareba, Semdeg amaze saubari da
113
msje
loba exmareba moswavleebs, ukeT Caswvdnen avtoris saTqmels,
teqstis ideas.
teqstis ideis gasaazreblad, agreTve, SesaZlebelia moswavlem moiy
vanos sapirispiro magaliTic, magaliTad, aRweros situacia, sadac vi-
Racam konkretul momentSi simxdale gamoiCina da swored am xerxiT
gamoexmauros avtoris saTqmels. amgvari opoziciuri situaciis aR
wera SesaZleblobas aZlevs moswavles gaagebinos msmenels/mkiTxvels,
rogor jobda moqceuliyo es adamiani mocemul situaciaSi. sakiTxis
warmoCenis amgvari perspeqtiva, romelic avtoris saTqmelis erTgvar
antiTeziss warmoadgens, aseve exmareba moswavleebs teqstis ideis je-
rovnad gaazrebaSi.
teqstis kritikuli analizi

moswavle teqstTan urTierTobis ufro maRal doneze inacvlebs,
rodesac igi wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT wmindad piradi da emociuri
damokidebulebidan mis ufro kritikulad da analitikurad gaazrebaze
gadadis. rodesac moswavle kritikulad ganixilavs teqsts, am dros
igi sakuTari mtkicebebisa da mosazrebebis gasamyareblad yovelTvis
cdilobs daeyrdnos Tavad teqsts. mas mohyavs Sesabamisi citatebi,
moixmobs konkretul epizodebs an ganixilavs mis calkeul aspeqtebs _
sayrden sityvebsa da frazebs, mxatvrul xerxebs, avtoris enas da a.S.
maswavlebels moswavleebis Sesamzadeblad SeuZlia dasvas sacdeli
kiTxvebi, magaliTad, aseTi:
 Tqven ambobT, rom am moTxrobam sevdian ganwyobaze dagayenaT.
SegiZliaT daasaxeloT, konkretulad romelma epizodma gamoiwvia
TqvenSi es grZnoba?
 ra sityvebi SearCia avtorma imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvelis sevda
gamoewvia?
 ra mxatvrul xerxebs iyenebs avtori amisaTvis?
 axdens Tu ara mkiTxvelze gavlenas avtoris mier SerCeuli moq-
medebis adgili, an Tundac dRis monakveTi, rodesac konkretuli mov-
lenebi viTardeba?
 ra SegviZlia viswavloT am moTxrobidan? rogor fiqrobT, cxov
rebaSi SeiZleba Tu ara gamogadgeT aq moTxrobili ambavi? da a.S.
moswavleebma kargad unda gaacnobieron, rom wakiTxuliT gamowveu-
li piradi emociebi, damokidebulebebi Tu mosazrebebi gansxvavdeba te-
qstis interpretaciisagan. adamianis ganwyoba da wakiTxuliT gamowveu-
li emociebi imdenad piradulia, rom yovelTvis arc aris aucilebeli
maTi dasabuTeba teqstidan moxmobili magaliTebiT an argumentebiT.
interpretacia ki, piriqiT, teqstis dakvirvebiT Seswavlisa da ganxil-
vis safuZvelze Camoyalibebul azrs efuZneba.
114
teqstis interpretirebisaTvis moswavleebs sWirdebaT logikuri
msjelobis, problemis gadaWrisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unar
-Cvevebis gamoyeneba. moswavleebi aqtiurad unda CaerTon iseT aq-
tivobebSi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs maTi kritikuli azrovnebis ganvi-
Tarebas. aseT aqtivobebebad SeiZleba ganvixiloT, magaliTad,
 nawarmoebis wakiTxva mwerlis TvaliT, rodesac moswavle yurad
RebiT akvirdeba da swavlobs avtoris weris maneras, stils, mis mier 2
gamoyenebul enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs;
 avtoris mibaZva _ werisas avtoris stilis gamoyeneba;
 teqstis Secvla _ dasasrulis Secvla, Txrobis gagrZeleba, te-
qstis gadawera sxva JanrSi;
 marTul diskusiebSi monawileoba _ rodesac maswavlebeli winas-
war arCevs gansaxilvel sakiTxebs, romlebic moswavleebs teqstis kri-
tikulad gaazrebaSi daexmareba;
 Sedareba _ msgavseba _ gansxvavebebis povna da gaanalizeba, ma
galiTad, or personaJs, or teqsts, or movlenas da a.S. Soris.
kritikuli analizi (gaazreba da Sefaseba) aris mkiTxvelis inter-
aqcia teqstis ideur mxaresTan, mis mTavar saTqmelTan da ara masSi
gadmocemul informaciasTan. es ar aris siuJetis mokle Sinaarsi an
mkiTxvelis zedapiruli Tu emociuri reaqcia wakiTxul teqstze. kri-
tikuli analizi gulisxmobs teqstis Rrma analizs. am dros mkiTxveli
yuradRebas amaxvilebs da cdilobs pasuxi gasces, magaliTad, Semdeg
kiTxvebs:
o ra aris teqstis dedaazri da rogor, ra saSualebebiT aris igi
realizebuli?
o ra xerxebs iyenebs avtori personaJebis dasaxasiaTeblad?
o rogoria mwerlis ena, umetesad ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs
igi da ra mizniT?
o iZleva Tu ara teqsti sxvadasxvagvari interpretaciis saSuale-
bas? rogor aRwevs avtori amas? da a.S.
o kritikuli analizi aseve gulisxmobs teqstis gaazrebas konte-
qstSi. moswavle unda dafiqrdes da pasuxi gasces, magaliTad,
Semdeg kiTxvebs:
o ra adgili ukavia mocemul teqsts Tavisi epoqis mwerlobaSi?
mTlianad erovnul/msoflio samwerlobo tradiciaSi?
o aris Tu ara avtori Tavisi qveynis kulturuli tradiciis
gamgrZelebeli?
o aris Tu ara es teqsti romelime literaturuli mimdinareobis
(magaliTad, romantizmis an simbolizmis) klasikuri nimuSi?
o ramdenad exmianeba igi manamde Seqmnil an mis Tanamedrove te-
qstebs da ra msgavseba an gansxvavebaa maT Soris?
115
o asaxavs Tu ara es teqsti im istoriul konteqsts, romelSic
Seiqmna? misT.
aseve gTavazobT ramdenime sanimuSo sayrden kiTxvas, romlebic mos-
wavleebma maswavlebelTan erTad unda gascen pasuxi teqstis kritiku-
lad gasaanalizeblad. es kiTxvebia:
o ram STaagona avtors am nawarmoebis Seqmna? (Tema, idea, prob-
lema)
o rogoria teqstis istoriul-kulturuli konteqsti?
o risi Tqma surs avtors mkiTxvelisaTvis?
o rogoria avtoris xedvis kuTxe / ra poziciidan ganixilavs avto-
ri konkretul sakiTxs?
o ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori Tavisi poziciis gamo-
saxatavad / saTqmelis gadmosacemad? aRwevs Tu ara igi sakuTar
mizans?
o Seicavs Tu ara teqsti urTierTsapirispiro, winaaRmdegobriv
mosazrebebs? ra aris amis mizani?
o romel sakvanZo momentebs gamoyofdiT teqstSi? ratom miiCnevT
maT mniSvnelovnad? ra funqcias asruleben es epizodebi teqstSi?
o dagexmaraT Tu ara wakiTxuli romelime sxva teqstis (wignis),
filmis gagebaSi, an raime sakiTxis garkvevaSi?
o SegiZliaT Tu ara gaixsenoT raime magaliTi realuri cxovre-
bidan, romelic kidev ufro gaamyarebs an, piriqiT, uaryofs te-
qstis ZiriTad saTqmels? misT.
bunebrivia, kiTxvebis Sinaarsi da raodenoba Seicvleba Tavad
dasamuSavebeli teqstis tipis, misi mowodebis formis (mag., beWduri,
eleqtronuli, multimedia) da Janris gaTvaliswinebiT.
saSualo safexuri
saSualo safexurze gadasvlisas moswavleebi ukve Camoyalibebu-
li mkiTxvelebi arian. amitom, maT SedarebiT ufro rTul teqstebTan
uwevT urTierToba. safexuri damamTavrebel etapze Sesaswavli da
dasamuSavebeli teqstebi TandaTan ufro kompleqsuri da mravalpla-
niani xdeba. moswavleebma unda SeZlon am teqstebis ara mxolod Sinaar-
sobrivi mxaris gageba-gaazreba, aramed maTi gaanalizeba konteqstSi,
interteqstualuri kavSirebis, aseve qveteqstur da metaforul do-
neebzec.
swavla-swavlebis am etapze moswavles unda esmodes, rom: a) mkiTxve-
li gaazrebis procesis aqtiuri monawilea da ara informaciis pasiuri
mimRebi; b) mkiTxvelis azri unikaluria, radgan mas TiToeuli mkiTxve-
li xelaxla qmnis da ayalibebs sakuTar gonebaSi. kargi mkiTxvelisTvis
cnobilia, rom kiTxva ormxrivi procesia, es aris interaqciis Sedegi
116
mkiTxvelsa da teqsts Soris. azri ki mxolod maSin ibadeba, rodesac
erTmaneTs kveTs ori Semxvedri procesi _ is, rac mkiTxvelis aRqmaSi
ibadeba da is, rasac avtori sTavazobs mkiTxvels.
wakiTxulis ganzogadeba
wakiTxulis saTanadod gaanalizebis Semdgom etaps warmoadgens te-
2
qstis mTavari ideis, masSi wamoWrili sakiTxebisa da problemebis gan-
zogadeba.
mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi gaiazreben wakiTxuls subieqtur (emociur
-inteleqtualur) doneze, maT unda SeZlon, rom gascdnen emociur Se-
fasebebs, pirad Sexedulebebs, problemebis gaanalizebas sakuTar Ri-
rebulebaTa Wrilidan da moaxerxon teqstSi asaxuli Temebis, ideebisa
da problematikis ganxilva universalur, zogadsakacobrio doneze.
moswavleebi unda dafiqrdnen, ramdenad mniSvnelovania teqstSi wamoW-
rili sakiTxebi da problemebi ara mxolod avtorisaTvis an romelime
konkretuli mkiTxvelisTvis, aramed, zogadad, adamianebisaTvis, da Tu
asea, _ ratom. moswavleebi gaaanalizeben, Tu ra niSniT aris ama Tu im
nawarmoebis Tema universaluri, ra TvalsazrisiT asaxavs igi sazogado
problemebs da ramdenad exmianeba zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebs.
aseTi analizis dros moswavles, ra Tqma unda, SeuZlia Seafasos
avtoris Sexedulebebi da daeTanxmos an ar daeTanxmos maT. maswavle
bels unda axsovdes, rom ar aris aucilebeli, rom moswavlem aucileb-
lad gaiziaros avtoris xedvis kuTxe.
teqsti da konteqsti
wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesSi teqsti da konteqsti ganuyofelia
erTmaneTisagan da isini damoukideblad ar arseboben. es igivea, rom
winadadebaSi amovikiTxoT calkeuli sityvebi, gavigoT maTi mniSvnelo-
ba, magram ar aRviqvaT igi mTlianobaSi. mxolod teqstisa da konteqsts
Soris arsebuli kavSiris safuZvelze SeuZlia mkiTxvels, gamoitanos
azri wakiTxulidan.
nebismieri Janrisa da formis mxatvrul nawarmoebis kiTxvisas mkiT
xveli, bunebrivia, mTeli yuradReba gadaaqvs am konkretul teqstze da
cdilobs mis kargad gagebasa da gaanalizebas. magram faqtia, rom teqs
tebi ar iqmneba vakuumSi da warmoudgenelia, rom isini mxolod Tavis
Tvis, ganyenebulad arsebobdnen. mravali faqtori axdens gavlenas
imaze, Tu ras, ratom da rogor wers avtori teqsts. Tuki mkiTxveli
ar iTvaliswinebs am faqtorebs, cxadia, igi srulyofilad verasdros
gaigebs da gaiazrebs mas. saWiro informaciis flobis SemTxvevaSi ki,
piriqiT, mkiTxvels SesaZlebloba eZleva dainaxos mTliani suraTi da
aRiqvas teqsti, rogorc organuli nawili am mTlianobisa. sxva sityve-
biT rom vTqvaT, mkiTxveli teqsts konteqstSi aRiqvams.
117
arsebobs sxvadasxva faqtori, romlebic moswavles wakiTxuli teq
stis konteqstSi gaazrebis saSualebas aZlevs. maTgan SegviZlia ga
movyoT ramdenime ZiriTadi:
 ra kavSiri arsebobs avtoris cxovrebasa da teqstSi asaxul mov-
lenebs Soris;
 ra adgili ukavia am konkretul teqsts avtoris SemoqmedebaSi;
 ramdenad asaxavs es teqsti im istoriul periods da /an geografi-
ul adgils, romelSic is Seiqmna;
 warmoadgens Tu ara es teqsti Tavisi Janris, literaturuli
mimdinareobis an mis Tanamedrove mwerlobaSi gavrcelebuli stilis
nimuSs;
 rogor aisaxeba im drois an lokaciis Sesaferisi ena teqstSi;
 ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos mkiTxvelze, mis mier teqstis aR-
qmaze sxva mkiTxvelis an kritikosis mier gamoTqmulma azrebma da Se-
fasebebma.
konteqstze saubrisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom misi gaazreba unda
moxdes or sibrtyeze, rac daexmareba moswavles srulfasovani enob
rivi da literaturuli gamocdilebas SeZenaSi:
1. moswavlem teqsti unda gaiazros sakuTriv mocemuli istoriuli
epoqis, socialur-kulturuli Taviseburebebis, aseve literaturuli
periodis gaTvaliswinebiT. man unda moiZios ara mxolod mSrali in-
formacia, mxolod faqtebi istoriidan, aramed gaecnos ideologiur
da religiur fonsac, socialur Tu eTikur problemebs, romlebsac
SeeZlo STaegonebina imdroindeli avtorebi an gavlena moexdina maTs
Semoqmedebaze. Tumca, cnobilia, es procesi calmxrivad ar mimdi
nareobas. Tavad literaturul nawarmoebsac SeuZlia gviTxras bevri
ram im drois sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis, Sexedulebebisa da probleme-
bis Sesaxeb, dagvanaxos iseTi niuansebi, romlebsac verc erTi istori-
uli wyarodan an saenciklopedio statiidan ver amovikiTxavT.
2. erovnuli literaturis Seswavlisas moswavles saSualeba unda
mieces, teqstis Tematika gaiazros ara mxolod am konkretuli teqs-
tis an avtoris Semoqmedebis WrilSi, aramed ganixilos igi mTlianad
qarTuli literaturis konteqstSi, gaavlos paralelebi sxva epoqaSi
Seqmnil qarTvel avtorTa nawarmoebebTan. garda imisa, rom am gziT
moswavleebi eCvevian Temebisa da problemebis siRrmiseulad gaanali-
zebas gansxvavebuli perspeqtividan, isini amave dros iRrmaveben cod-
nas sxvadasxva literaturuli JanrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli enobrivi
Taviseburebebis, agreTve, qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis
Sesaxeb.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan:

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis SesavalSi, sa-
118
bazo safexuris daxasiaTebaSi mkafiod aris miTiTebuli, rom misi das-
rulebisas moswavles unda SeeZlos sxvadasxva literaturul nawar-
moebSi gamokveTili problematikis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, Sedareba
da Sepirispireba~. am miznis miRwevis saSualebebi standartis konkret-
ul SedgebSia asaxuli:
2
kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan
sabazo safexuri
qarT.VII. 7.moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da
aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarTsakuTari
damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.
qarT.VIII. 5.moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros, gaaanalizos da Seafasos

teqstebi (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli), romlebic Seicavs garkveul
qarT.IX. 6. moswavles SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze

sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisis Semcveli mxatvruli da aramxatvruli
teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba da maT mimarT sakuTari
damokidebulebis gamoxatva.
qarTuli enisa da literaturis IX klasis programis SinaarsSi vki-

TxulobT: `sasurvelia, saxelmZRvaneloSi Sevides sxvadasxva epoqis
literaturuli teqstebi, romlebic mozardTaTvis TvalsaCinos gax
dis literaturaSi asaxuli konkretuli problemis sxvadasxva kul-
turul konteqstSi, sxvadasxvagvarad gaazrebis aucileblobas...~
saSualo safexuris zogad daxasiaTebaSi ki miTiTebulia, rom
moswavles unda SeeZlos `qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli pro-
cesebisa da universaluri literaturuli Temebis urTierTkavSiris
aRqma-gaazreba~.
XI klasis programis Sinaarsis moTxovnaa, rom swavlebis am etapze
SeirCes iseTi literaturuli masala, rom `moswavlem SeZlos sxvadas
xva periodis teqstebis gaanalizeba da Sedareba maTSi asaxuli infor-
maciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT, agreTve,
gaacnobieros, Tu ra Temebi, ideebi da problemebia damaxasiaTebeli
ama Tu im epoqisaTvis, ra gavlenas axdens konkretuli epoqa litera-
turul nawarmoebSi asaxuli problemis gadaWris gzebze, ra Rirebu-
lebebisa da faseulobebis konteqstSi unda ganixilebodes es proble-
mebi~.
sagulisxmoa Semdegi Canaweric: `qarTul literaturul nawarmoe-
bebTan erTad sasurvelia ucxouri literaturis (rogorc poeziis, ise
119
prozis) im nimuSebis warmodgenac, romlebic imave epoqaSia Seqmnili da
tipologiisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT axlos dgas swavlebis
am etapisaTvis SerCeul mxatvrul nawarmoebebTan~.
XII klasis programis Sinaarsis moTxovna ki Semdegia: `Tu XI klasSi
moswavles saSualeba hqonda Seeswavla, gaeanalizebina da Seedarebi-
na sxvadasxva periodis SedarebiT rTuli da mravalferovani litera-
turuli masala maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da prob
lematikis TvalsazrisiT, XII klasSi imave saqmianobas is axorcielebs
sxvadasxva periodis, qveynisa da kulturis teqstebis safuZvelze. man
unda ikvlios da gaaanalizos msgavsi an erTnairi problema sxvadasxva
qveynisa da kulturis teqstebSi, kulturuli, socialuri da isto-
riuli faseulobebis gavlena teqstSi ganviTarebul konfliqtsa da
problemebis gadaWris gzebze~.

saSualo safexuri
qarT.X. 9. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebis
gaanalizeba.
qarT. XI. 5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba

maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis
TvalsazrisiT.
qarT. XII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis

qarT. XII. 6. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva teqstSi asaxuli

faseulobebisa da Sexedulebebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba.
qarT. XII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos kulturuli, socialuri

da istoriuli faseulobebis gavlena teqstsa da mis interpretaciaze.
teqsti da interteqsti
qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programa swavlebis sa-
bazo da saSualo safexurebze moswavleebs sTavazobs savaldebulo
literaturis CamonaTvals, romelic aerTianebs qarTuli mwerlobis
gansakuTrebiT faseul nimuSebs. cxadia, moswavleebi detalurad da
siRrmiseulad Seiswavlian am nawarmoebebs. Tumca, amave sagnobriv
programaSi Tavisufali arCevanisTvisac rCeba adgili da, sasurvelia,
Tu arCevanis gakeTebaSi moswavleebic miiReben monawileobas saxel
120
mZRvaneloebis avtorebTan da maswavleblebTan erTad. moswavleebs
unda mieceT saSualeba, damoukideblad moiZion, wakiTxon da daamuSaon
rogorc sainformacio xasiaTis teqstebi, ise sxvadasxva epoqaSi mSob
liur enaze Seqmnili Tu ucxouridan Targmnili mxatvruli nawarmoe-
bebic, romlebic Tematurad da/an Janrobrivad ukavSirdeba programiT
gaTvaliswinebul masalas.
swavlebis saSualo safexurze ki gansakuTrebiT sasurvelia, Tu 2
moswavleebs SeTavazebT SedarebiT rTul, mravalplanian, poliJanrul
teqstebze muSaobas, romlebic maTgan garkveuli kulturuli da so-
cialuri kompetenciebis gamoyenebasa da kompleqsur analizs moiTxovs.
aseTi midgoma mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels moswavleTa Soris interte-
qstualuri analizisa da sxvadasxva wyarodan miRebuli informaciis
erTmaneTTan Sedarebis sawyisi unar-Cvevebi gamomuSavebas.
ra aris interteqstualizmi?
farTo gagebiT, interteqstualizmi aris teqstis (mxatvruls, ara
mxatvruls, socialurs) moxmoba an gamoyeneba sxva teqstSi. interte-
qstualizmi Tanamedrove kulturis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi cnebaa.
mxatvrul literaturaSi interteqstualoba gulisxmobs imgvar kav-
Sirs nawarmoebebs Soris, roca erTi maTgani exmianeba sxva nawarmoebs
saTauriT, personaJ(eb)iT, moqmedebis droiTa da adgiliT an siuJetiT.
intereteqstualizmis formebia: citireba, parodia, aluzia, popuri
da a.S.
termini interteqstualizmi pirvelad gamoiyena iulia kristevam,
frangma literaturis mkvlevarma 1967 wels. interteqstualizmis
klasikuri ganmarteba ekuTvnis frang literaturaTmcodnes, kritikos
r. barts: `TiToeuli teqsti interteqstia. masSi sxvadasxva doneze,
metnaklebad amocnobadi formiTaa asaxuli sxva teqstebi _ winamavali
kulturisa da garemomcveli kulturis teqstebi. TiToeuli teqsti
warmoadgens axal qsovils, romelic moqsovilia Zveli citatebisagan.
kulturuli kodebis, formulebis, ritmuli struqturebis naglejebi,
socialuri idiomebis fragmentebi da a.S. _ teqstSi es yvelaferi
STanTqmulia da erTmaneTSia Sereuli, radganac ena mudam arsebobs
rogorc teqstis Seqmnamde, ise teqstis garSemo. interteqstualizmi,
rogorc nebismieri teqstis winapiroba, ar SeiZleba daviyvanoT wyaroe-
bisa da gavlenebis problemamde: igi warmoadgens saerTo vels anoni-
muri formulebisa (romelTa warmoSobis dadgena iSviaT SemTxvevebSia
SesaZlebeli), aseve aracnobieri an avtomaturi citatebisa, romlebic
brWyalebis gareSea mocemuli~.
avtori SesaZloa daeyrdnos da gamoiyenos romelime konkretuli
Janris an literaturuli mimdinareobis gamoyenebul enobrivi for-
mulebi, saxe-simboloebi. magaliTad, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, qar-
Tuli sasuliero mwerloba, kerZod ki, hagiografiuli Txzulebebi,
121
gajerebulia saxarebiseuli kliSeebiTa da saxe-simboloebiT. aseve
SegviZlia aRvniSnoT aRmosavluri poeziis gavlena qarTul e.w. àRor-
Zinebis xanisa~ da adreuli romantizmis periodis poeziaze, magaliTad,
vardisa da bulbulis, peplisa da sanTlis (`Samfarvaniani~), Sirazis
vardis metaforuli saxeebi da a.S. zogjer mwerali aseve enobriv re-
sursad mizanmimarTulad iyenebs sxva avtoris enas.
mkiTxvelisTvis nacnobi enobrivi variaciebis, gamomsaxvelobiTi sa-
Sualebebis gamoyenebiT avtorma SesaZloa mkiTxvelSi gamoiwvios im kon
kretuli epoqis, socialuri fenis an geografiuli adgilmdebareobis
asociacia, sadac aseTi eniT da enobrivi formebiT metyveleben. magali
Tad SegviZlia moviyvanoT aka morCilaZis `gadafrena madaTovze da ukan~,
sadac avtori iyenebs me-20 saukunis Tbilisuri metyvelebas epoqis ga-
sacocxleblad. amave nawarmoebSi interteqstualobis kidev erTi mniS-
vnelovani plastia avtoris mier imdroindeli publicistikis enis gamo
yeneba. SegviZlia gavixsenoT, agreTve, giorgi erisTavis `gayra~ an mixeil
javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebi~, romelTa personaJebis metyveleba zustad
mianiSnebs mkiTxvels maT eTnikur warmomavlobasa da socialur wreze.
arsebobs eqsplicituri (pirdapiri) da implicituri (Sefaruli) in-
terteqstualuri kavSirebi teqstsa da sxva, manamde Seqmnil da/an mis
Tanamedrove teqstebs Soris.
qarTul literaturaSi eqsplicituri interteqstualizmis saukeTe-
so nimuSia, magaliTad, hagiografiis umWidroesi kavSiri wminda we
rilTan (pasaJebis CarTva, citireba, aluziebi, enobrivi formulebi,
enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi). pirdapiri interteqstualuri
kavSiria, magaliTad, guram doCanaSvilis `Tavfaravnel Wabuksa~ da ama
ve saxelwodebis qarTul xalxur baladas Soris.
naklebad eqsplicituria interteqstualuri kavSiri guram doCa-
naSvilis `samosel pirvelsa~ da saxarebisul igavs Soris (`Ze SecTo-
mili~). amis magaliTebia: galaktionis `mTawmindis mTvare~, romelic
interteqstualur kavSirSia nikoloz baraTaSvilis da akaki wereTlis
leqsebTan (`SemoRameba mTawmindazed~ da `ganTiadi~), agreTve, inter-
teqstualuri kavSiri giorgi leoniZis `yivCaRis paemansa~ da xalxur
balada `muxranuls~ (`Semomeyara yivCaRi...~) Soris. avtori SesaZlebe-
lia Sefarulad eyrdnobodes gavrcelebul, aRiarebul Sexedulebebs,
ideebsa da warmodgenebs, romlebic xSirad arcki saWiroebs konkretu-
li teqstis moxmobas an citirebas. magaliTad, teqstis mizani SeiZleba
iyos adamianTa mimarT Semwynareblobis, zogadad, moyvasis siyvaru-
lis, rogorc Rirebulebis warmoCena ise, rom masSi saerTod ar iyos
naxsenebi ar axali aRTqma da arc romelime qveynis konstitucia.
interteqstualizmis gavrcelebulia formebia, rodesac avtori
iyenebs:
 sxva teqstis an wignis saTaurs (magaliTad, aka morCilaZis moTx-
roba àmbavi nuradin fridonisa~, an Tomas manis romanis saTauri ìose-
122
bi da misi Zmebi~, romelic pirdapir aris aRebuli Zveli aRTqmidan);
 pirdapir gadmohyavs mTavari personaJi sxva nawarmoebidan, an
iyenebs mis saxels an xasiaTis zogierT niSans. magaliTad, aka morCila-
Zis moTxrobebis krebulSi `wigni~ vxvdebiT araerT personaJs qarTuli
da ucxouri literaturidan, magaliTad, luarsab TaTqariZes, varsqen
pitiaxSs, doqtor uotsons da a.S. am SeTxvevaSi avtori ar imeorebs
siuJetebs da igi am personaJebs iyenebs axali teqstis Sesaqmnelad. 2
 sxva teqstidan iRebs da sakuTari mxatvruli interpretaciiT
imeorebs romelime cnobil epizods. mag., konstantine gamsaxurdias
`didostatis marjvenaSi~ moxmobili aqvs bibliuri iakobis RmerTTan
SebrZolebis epizodi `dabadebis~ wignidan (dabadeba, 32: 24-32).
 mTlianad iRebs sxva nawarmoebis siuJets an gadmoaqvs romelime
vrceli pasaJi. aseTi interteqstualuri kavSiris magaliTad gamodgeba
oTar WilaZis `gzaze erTi kaci midioda~, romlis ZiriTadi siuJetu-
ri xazi eyrdnoba argonavtebis miTs. ucxour literaturaSi amgvari
interteqstualobis SesaniSnavi nimuSia jeims joisis ùlises~ kavSiri
homerosis òdiseasTan~.
swavlebis procesSi sxvadasxva Janrisa da epoqis teqstebze muSaobi-

sas interteqstualuri analizis mniSvneloba didia. mas mravali sxva
dasxva daniSnuleba aqvs, kerZod:
 moswavles SesaZlebloba eZleva, gaixsenos an gaecnos konkre
tul teqstSi moxmobil an gamoyenebul sxva teqsts;
 moswavles saSualeba aqvs gaaanalizos, gaamTlianos, Seafasos
da Seadaros erTmaneTs ZiriTadi da interteqstis Sinaarsi, maTSi gad-
mocemuli mosazrebebi da ideebi;
 moswavles SeuZlia Seafasos, Tu ramdenad adkvaturad iyenebs
avtori moxmobil teqsts mxatvruli miznis misaRwevad;
 interteqstualizmi zogjer mTlianad angrevs mkiTxvelis war-
modgenas adre wakiTxul teqstze, romelic SesaZloa sruliad mou-
lodnel konteqstSi da/an gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT Sexvdes in-
terteqstSi. SesaZlebelia, piriqiT, moswavlem axali ram aRmoaCinos am
teqstSi da SeZlos misi ukeT gaazreba;
 moswavles saSualeba eZleva Tavidan gaiazros rogorc ZiriTadi
teqsti, ise interteqsti da Seafasos, riTi avsebs an ewinaaRmdegeba
isini erTmaneTs;
 interteqstualuri analizi aviTarebs moswavlis metakognitur
unarebs. am dros mkiTxveli cdilobs Seafasos, Tu ramdenad adekvatu-
rad gaigo man adre wakiTxuli teqsti, ramdenad Seicvala misi warmod-
gena am teqstze da ratom, ra axali detalebiT Seivso misi codna da a.S.
interteqstualuri analizis dros mTavaria ara is, Tu romel
teqsts exmianeba avtori, aramed is, Tu rogor, risTvis iyenebs igi mas
123
da, rac mTavaria, rogor pozicionirebas akeTebs igi am teqstebTan, ro-
gorc mwerali, amasTanave, ramdenad kargad axerxebs sakuTari saTqme-
lis gadmocemas.
III.3. mimarTuleba: wera

wera swavlebisa da komunikaciis mZlavr iaraRs warmoadgens. mos-
wavleebi srulyofilad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi gaiazreben weris
process, Tuki isini weren xSirad da sxvadasxva mizniT. werisas sa
Wiroa gamoyofili dro daeTmos weris procesis yvela etaps: ideaze
dafiqrebas; azrebis, ideebis, Tvalsazrisis generirebasa da winaswar
Camoyalibebas, gamoTqmas; maT organizebas werilobiTi saxiT; naSromis
pirveladi versiis gadaxedvas, Casworebas, redaqtirebasa da prezenta-
cias. saukeTeso Sedegebi miiRweva im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moswavleebi
weren mizanmimarTulad konkretuli, winaswar gansazRvruli audito-
riisaTvis, romlis Sesaxebac moswavles garkveuli warmodgena aqvs.
maswavlebels SeuZlia mravali saSualeba gamonaxos yoveldRiuri
weriTi aqtivobebisTvis. Zalze efeqturia weris procesis sxvadasxva
aspeqtis moswavleebisTvis demonstrireba `xmamaRla fiqris~ strate-
giis gamoyenebiT (kviraSi erTxel mainc). amgvarad maswavlebeli aCve
nebs moswavleebs, rogor unda imuSaon weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad,
rogor unda gamoiyenon am procesSi grafikuli maorganizeblebi da
sxv. am dros moswavleebi TvalnaTliv xedaven, rogor unda warimar-
Tos muSaoba Tanamimdevrulad, nabij-nabij _ miznisa da auditoriis
gaTvaliswinebiT. moswavleebi uyureben da usmenen, maswavlebeli ki
ganmartavs, ratom miiRo man esa Tu is gadawyvetileba, yuradRebas
amaxvilebs werilobiTi formis ama Tu im aspeqtze (mag., ideis gamokve-
Ta, adekvaturi stilisa da leqsikis SerCeva, misT.). am procesis Ta-
namonawileebi unda gaxdnen moswavleebic. maT unda mieceT saSualeba
ara mxolod daakvirdnen maswavleblis muSaobas, aramed SesTavazon mas
TavianTi ideebi da mosazrebebi.
rogorc aRiniSna, moswavleebma rac SeiZleba xSirad unda weron Tav-
ianTi azrebis, Sexedulebebis, grZnobebis gasaziareblad sxvadasxva au-
ditoriisaTvis. am mizniT maswavlebels SeuZlia daavalos moswavleebs
sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Seqmna, maT Soris: moTxrobebis, leqsebis,
samecniero-dargobrivi xasiaTis statiebis, werilebisa da a.S. moswav-
leebi ufro motivirebulebi iqnebian, Tuki isini TviTon airCeven maT
Tvis saintereso Temasa da formas werilobiTi teqstis Sesaqmnelad.
weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis swavla-
swavlebis procesSi aucilebelia sami pirobis dacva: 1. moswavleebs
unda hqondeT saSualeba, weron maTTvis saintereso Temebze; 2. mos-
wavleebs unda unda mieceT sakmarisi dro da praqtikuli gavarjiSe-
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bis saSualeba weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebisTvis; 3. maswavlebelma
gonivrulad unda warmarTos weris swavlebis procesi mkafio, cxadi
instruqciebis meSveobiT, romlebic moswavleebs ganuviTarebs we
ris unar-Cvevebs, aaTvisebinebs maT saWiro strategiebs. maswavlebeli
gakveTilze ar unda Semoifarglos mxolod zepiri instruqciebiT _
aucilebelia weris procesis modelireba. am dros moswavleebi Car-
Tulni arian procesSi, monawileobas iReben sxvadasxva amocanis ga 2
dawyvetaSi, miznis misaRwevad efeqturi gzebis SerCevaSi. es maT mo-
mavalSi damoukideblad muSaobaSi daexmareba (amasTan dakavSirebiT
ufro dawvrilebiT ix. qvemoT, weris modelebi).
rogorc wesi, moswavleebs hgoniaT, rom kargad werisTvis raRac gan-
sakuTrebuli unaria saWiro _ unikaluri Tandayolili niWi an uCveu-
lo gamocdileba (uCveulo Tavgadasavlebi, araordinalur situaciebSi
moxvedra, gansakuTrebul adamianebTan Sexvedra da misT.). amgvari war-
modgena moswavleebSi badebs sakuTari Zalebisadmi undoblobas, aCens
erTgvar SiSs weris procesis mimarT. maswavlebeli unda daexmaros
moswavleebs am gancdis daZlevaSi: daarwmunos isini, rom erTi Sexed-
viT Cveulebrivi, TiTqos arafriT gamorCeuli adamianis cxovrebac ki
SeiZleba aRsavse iyos saintereso ambebiT, uCveulo gamocdilebiT _
ubralod, saWiroa maTi danaxva da aRqma. èlodo STagonebas imisaT-
vis, rom dawero, igivea, rom elodo megobrebs. magram Tuki saxlSi
iqnebi gamoketili, ar gaxval gareT da ar daamyareb maTTan urTierTo-
bas, isini ar movlen SenTan. unda moiqce ise, rom raRaca moxdes. wera
ar gulisxmobs pasiurobas, wera aqtiuri qmedebaa~ _ werda cnobili
amerikeli sabavSvo mwerali judi deltoni (1931-2001 ww.).
`wera Senc SegiZlia~ _ maswavleblis amocanaa, daarwmunos moswav-
leebi amaSi. amis miRweva SesaZlebelia saswavlo miznis Sesabamisi, go-
nivrulad dagegmili aqtivobebis wyalobiT, saTanado saubrebiT. kargi
iqneba, Tuki am mizniT maswavlebeli moawyobs Sexvedras profesional
mweralTan da sTxovs mas, mouyves moswavleebs, rogor dawera esa Tu
is nawarmoebi, gamouyenebia Tu ara werisas realuri cxovrebiseuli
gamocdileba, hgvanan Tu ara misi personaJebi realur adamianebs, ro-
melTac igi cxovrebaSi Sexvedria (zogadad, asaubros imaze, Tu ra
mniSvneloba aqvs yoveldRiur cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas misi Semoq-
medebisaTvis). amdenad, moswavleebi gaigeben, rom saintereso TxrobiTi
teqstis Sesaqmnelad maT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon, magaliTad: saubari ada-
mianTan, romelic matarebelSi daemgzavraT; situacia, romlis mowmeni
gaxdnen maRaziaSi produqtebis yidvisas, dakvirveba Sinaur cxoveleb-
ze da misT. cxadia, aq vgulisxmobT saskolo davalebis saxiT Seqmnil
TxrobiT teqstebs da ara maRalmxatvrul nawarmoebebs, romelTa da-
sawerad Semoqmedis talantia saWiro.
weris zogierTi saxeoba SeiZleba iswavlebodes damoukideblad, mag
ram SesaZlebelia isic, rom wera maswavlebelma gamoiyenos kiTxvis wina
125
aqtivobis, kiTxvis dros CarTuli aqtivobis da/an kiTxvis Semdgomi
aqtivobis saxiT. bolo periodis kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom moswavlee-
bi, romlebic weren imis Sesaxeb, rac waikiTxes, ukeTesad imaxsovreben
wakiTxuls; amasTan, isini xdebian ufro kritikuli mkiTxvelebi. metic,
jgufuri muSaoba, romelic moiTxovs kiTxvasa da weras, imavdroulad,
avarjiSebs moswavleebs mosmenasa da laparakSi. amdenad, gakveTilis
sworad dagegmvis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels SeuZlia klasSi Seqmnas
garemo, romelSic kombinirebulad warimarTeba muSaoba mosmenis, lapa-
rakis, kiTxvisa da weris unarebis ganviTarebaze. es ki, Tavis mxriv,
daaaxloebs saswavlo aqtivobebs realur cxorebiseul situaciebTan.
weris procesi da misi etapebi

weris procesi aerTianebs sam ZiriTad etaps. esenia:
1. weris wina etapi _ ideebis SemuSaveba, weriTi namuSevris dagegmva;
2. weris etapi _ weriTi namuSevris pirveladi versiis Seqmna;
3. weris Semdgomi etapi _ pirveladi versiis gadamuSaveba, saboloo
versiis SemuSaveba; redaqtireba, koreqtireba.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom weris process sworxazovneba ar axasi-
aTebs _ misi etapebis Tanamimdevroba SeiZleba Seicvalos: saboloo
versiaze muSaobis dros mweralma SeiZleba cvlilebebi Seitanos gegmis
Tavdapirvel variantSi, Caumatos axali pasaJi/pasaJebi Tavdapirvel
versiaSi, gadaaadgilos misi calkeuli nawilebi da sxva. weris proce-
sis es Tavisebureba sqematurad amgvarad SeiZleba warmovidginoT.
weris procesi
126
zemoT mocemuli borblismagvari sqema TvalsaCinod warmogvidgens
weris procesis aralinearul (arasworxazovan) xasiaTs _ ormxrivad
mimarTuli isrebi migvaniSnebs, rom `weris borbali~ sxvadasxva mimar-
TulebiT SeiZleba `datrialdes~.
tradiciulad, weris swavleba fokusirebulia weris Sedegze _ we
riT namuSevarze da ara Tavad weris procesze. amgvarad, moswavle
ebis yuradReba, ZiriTadad, mimarTulia imaze, Tu ra unda daweron 2
da ara imaze, Tu rogor unda daweron. praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, es
imas niSnavs, rom moswavleebi qmnian weriT namuSevrebs, romlebsac maT
maswavlebeli usworebs. maswavleblis SeniSvnebs, Casworebebsa da ko-
mentarebs moswavle, rogorc wesi, sakmaod zereled CaaTvalierebs da
maleve iviwyebs. im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki maswavlebeli sagangebo dros
dauTmobs Secdomebis gasworebaze muSaobas, moswavle pasiur pozicia-
Si rCeba _ igi asworebs sxvis (maswavleblis) mier SemCneul Secdomebsa
da xarvezebs.
weris procesze orientirebuli midgoma ufro aqtiurs xdis moswav-
les, biZgs aZlevs mis kritikul azrovnebas, aviTarebs metakognitur
unar-Cvevebs _ amgvarad warmarTuli muSaobis dros moswavle aqti-
uradaa CarTuli weris procesis yvela etapze da Tavidan bolomde
warmarTavs weris process _ adgens gegmas, qmnis namuSevars, xelaxla
ubrundeba mas redaqtirebis mizniT _ Tavad cdilobs, aRmoaCinos Sec-
domebi, ipovos xarvezebi, aanalizebs da cdilobs maT gamosworebas,
qmnis Sualedur versias/versiebs; dasasrul, qmnis weriT namuSevars
saboloo saxiT.
moswavleebis weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas Zalze
Seuwyobs xels rogorc uSualod weriT namuSevarze, anu produqtze
orientirebuli, ise mTlianad weris procesze orientirebuli midgomis
gaazrebuli gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi. cxadia, weris procesze
orientirebuli midgoma SedarebiT did dros moiTxovs. moswavleebs
dro dasWirdebaT ara mxolod pirveladi versiis Sesaqmnelad, aramed
redaqtirebisa da Semdgomi versiis/versiebis Sesaqmneladac. amitom
maswavlebels SeiZleba ar hqondes misi xSirad gamoyenebis saSualeba
saswavlo procesSi. Tumca es savsebiT SesaZlebelia swori dagegmvis,
Sesabamisi strategiebisa da kargad SerCeuli aqtivobebis meSveobiT.
weris procesze orientirebuli midgomis gamoyenebis Sedegad moswav-
leebi ukeT gaiazreben weris procesis TiToeul etaps da, amasTanave,
gaacnobiereben am etapebis erTianobas.
saSualo safexurze swavlebisas maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos,
rom swavlebis am etapze weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba unda warimar
Tos akademiuri werisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis gziT.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis damamTavrebeli klasebis qarTuli enisa da
literaturis sagnobriv standartSi sakmao adgili eTmoba akademiu-
ri weris sabaziso unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, rasac pirvelxarisxovani
127
mniSvneloba eniWeba ganaTlebis Semdgom safexurze, umaRles saswav-
lebelSi swavlebisas14.
weris wina etapi

am etapze moswavleebi iReben gadawyvetilebas mTavari Temis Sesa
xeb, Tavs uyrian da organizebas ukeTeben TavianT ideebs. Sesabamisad,
klasSi Seqmnili unda iyos iseTi garemo, romelic xels Seuwyobs idee-
bis stimulirebas, saSualebas miscems moswavleebs, wamoayenon da erT-
maneTs gauziaron azrebi da Sexedulebebi. biZgis misacemad maswavle-
belma SeiZleba gamoiyenos maprovocirebeli saSualebebi (mag., ambavi,
filmi, suraTi, SekiTxvebi, misT.). imis gamo, rom, faqtobrivad, swored
am etapze iqmneba momavali weriTi namuSevari, werisaTvis gankuTvnili
drois didi nawili swored am etaps unda daeTmos.
weris dawyebamde moswavlis mTavari amocanaa gadawyvitos, ris Se
saxeb unda daweros, anu SeimuSaos konkretuli idea. weriTi namuSevris
Sesaqmnelad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT nebismieri Tema.
am etapze Sesasrulebel umniSvnelovanes samuSaos warmoadgens
weri
Ti namuSevris dagegmva. marTlac, weris dawyebamde kvalifici-
14
ZiriTad gansxvavebas akademiur werasa da weris sxva saxeebs Soris gansazRvravs
mimarTeba akademiur naSromsa da auditorias, anu mkiTxvels Soris. akademiuri
weris SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxveli (auditoria) aris profesori, leqtori an
Tanakurseli/Tanaklaseli, romlebic Seafaseben naSromis xarisxs garkveuli
standartebis mixedviT _ niSniT da/an werilobiTi komentariT. akademiur nawerSi
unda ikveTebodes obieqturi midgoma, gansaxilveli sakiTxis safuZvliani kvleva,
romelsac Sedegad mohyveba frTxili, gawonasworebuli analizi. akademiuri
naweris Seqmnisas aucilebelia kritikuli unar-Cvevebis gamovlena. `kritikuli~
am SemTxvevaSi ar niSnavs mxolod raimes gakritikebas, negatiuri damokidebulebis
gamovlenas. `kritikuli~ akademiuri weris SemTxvevaSi niSnavs:
• Teoriis codnisa da gagebis gamovlinebas;
• Cvenebas imisa, rom avtorma icis, ra aris naTqvami/dawerili gansaxilveli
sakiTxis Sesaxeb;
• sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisis gaTvaliswinebas;
• safuZvlian Sefasebas (Sefasebis safuZvelSi arsebuli mizezis Cvenebas);
• ideebis gaziarebas maTi detaluri ganxilvis Semdeg (an maT uaryofas
detaluri ganxilvis Semdeg);
• sakuTar daskvnamde misvlas;
• sakuTari midgomis, sakuTari xedvis demonstrirebasa da gamoyenebas.
igive midgoma gamoiyeneba akademiuri teqstis kiTxvis drosac, romlis drosac
mkiTxvels esaWiroeba:
• argumentebis gaanalizeba;
• faruli/nagulisxmevi wanamZRvrebis amocnoba;
• imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad efeqturia argumentis dasabuTebisaTvis
moyvanili mtkicebuleba.
amas garda, akademiuri weris dros aucilebelia wyaroebze miTiTebisa da maTi
citirebis wesebis dacva (A. Gillett, A. Hammand, M. Martala, Inside Track, Successful
Academic Writing, Pearson Education, 2009, gv. 2-3).
128
urma avtormac unda gaiazros, ris Sesaxeb apirebs daweras (ra unda
daweros). am mizniT man, SesaZlebelia, Seadginos werilobiTi gegma,
romelsac SeiZleba sruliad sxvadasxvagvari saxe hqondes15. zog Sem
TxvevaSi esaa detaluri CamonaTvali komentarebiTa da SeniSvnebiT,
zogjer ki _ mxolod sityvebi (SesaZlebelia, usistemodac).
iTvleba, rom kargad Sedgenili gegma kargad gaazrebuli namuSevris
aucilebeli winapirobaa, Tumca xSirad moswavleebis nawils uZneldeba 2
am samuSaos Sesruleba. `rogor Sevadgino gegma, me xom jer ar vici,
ras davwer?~ _ esaa SekiTxva, romelic xSirad uCndebaT moswavleebs.
maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs dasaxmareblad SesTavazos winaswar
momzadebuli sqemebi, romlebic maT daexmareba Temis dakonkretebasa
da naSromis agebaSi.
weris dawyebamde maswavlebelma moswavleebi unda daafiqros imaze,
Tu ris daweras apireben isini. es niSnavs, rom moswavleebma unda
moifiqron da dagegmon momavali namuSevris Sinaarsi da mimdevroba.
amisaTvis arsebobs sxvadasxva saSualeba, dawyebuli gonebrivi ieriSiT
(rodesac moswavleebi diskusiis an azrTa gacvla-gamocvlis safuZ-
velze wamoayeneben rac SeiZleba met ideas wyvilebSi, jgufebSi da/an
mTeli klasis muSaobis dros), damTavrebuli maswavleblis mier marTu-
li konkretuli amocanebis SesrulebiT. am SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebeli
iyenebs sxvadasxva aqtivobas, romlebic moswavleebs exmareba momavali
samuSaos dagegmvaSi. dagegmvisas maswavlebelma moswavleebis yuradRe-
ba unda gaamaxvilos ara mxolod momavali naSromis Sinaarsze, aramed
naSromis mizanzec da auditoriazec _ risTvis weren an vin iqneba
mkiTxveli. amis safuZvelze unda SeirCes saTanado ena (oficialuri, an
araoficialuri stili) da Sinaarsobrivi struqtura (faqtebis, idee-
bis, argumentebis Tanamimdevroba).
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria teqstis tipi an saxe, romelic
unda Seqmnas moswavlem. ra unda daweron moswavleebma _ moTxroba,
werili, leqsi Tu ese? weriTi aqtivoba swored am faqtoris gaTvalis
winebiT unda ganisazRvros. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Tanaxmad, mos-
wavleebi ecnobian da amuSaveben formiTa da SinaarsiT mravalferovan
teqstebs da TandaTan iZenen codnas sxvadasxva Janrisa da maTi maxasi-
aTeblebis Sesaxeb. am gziT moswavleebi SeZleben imis gaazrebasac, Tu
rogor unda Seqmnan sxvadasxva saxis weriTi namuSevrebi.
15
sityva `SesaZlebelia~ aq migviTiTebs, rom kvalificiuri, gamocdili
mwerlisaTvis gegmis Sedgena gardauval aucileblobas ar warmoadgens. cxadia, es
ar niSnavs, rom igi gauazreblad moqmedebs. ubralod, aseT SemTxvevaSi, momavali
weriTi namuSevris gegma mis gonebaSi arsebobs. moswavleTa kvalifikaciis
gaTvaliswinebiT, xSirad sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma isini sagangebod amuSaos
weriTi namuSevris gegmis Sedgenaze.
129
weris etapi
esaa uSualod weris procesi. am dros moswavleebi weriTi me-
tyvelebis gziT gadmoscemen TavianT ideebsa da mosazrebebs ama Tu
im Temis Sesaxeb, romlebic maT weris wina etapze daamuSaves. weris
dros moswavleebi damatebiT amaxvileben yuradRebas imgvar sakiTxeb-
ze, rogorebicaa: winadadebis struqtura, punqtuacia, sityvebis SerCe-
va, marTlwera, sxv. sabolood, weris etapze iqmneba pirveladi naweri
_ naSromis pirveladi versia, romelic saWiroebs Semdgom redaqtire-
bas _ sxvadasxva Casworebas, cvlilebas, ama Tu im elementis Camateba
-amoRebas da sxv.
wera, rogorc aseTi, mravali sxvadasxva amocanis Sesrulebas
gulisxmobs. zogierTi maTganis Sesasruleblad SemoqmedebiTi una
rebia saWiro, zogierTisTvis ki _ miukerZoebloba da kritikuli az-
rovnebis unari. es sakmaod rTuli amocanaa _ Znelia erTdroulad iyo
SemoqmedebiTic da kritikulic.
am konfliqturi xasiaTis amocanebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna mos-
wavleebs xSirad uZneldebaT. dasaxmareblad maswavlebels SeuZlia
moswavleebs SesTavazos warmoidginon ori adamiani, romlebic or sxva-
dasxva samuSaos asruleben. moswavleebs wera SeiZleba ufro gauadvil-
deT, Tuki warmoidgenen, rom maTSi aris ori adamiani, romlebic weren
rigrigobiT. erTi maTgania `Semoqmedi~, xolo meore _ `kritikosi~.16
`Semoqmedi~ muSaobs pirveladi versiis Seqmnaze, risTvisac war-
mosaxvis Zalas iyenebs. misi muSaobis Sedegia ideebi, individualoba,
analogiebi, metaforebi, Txrobis manera, ganwyoba, organizaciuli
mTlianoba, abzacebi, winadadebebi, stili, leqsika, enobrivi arCevani,
azris mTlianoba da misT. `kritikosi~ muSaobs naSromis organizeba-
sa da redaqtirebaze. igi wyvets, Tu rodis, sad an ra sixSiriT unda
imuSaos `Semoqmedma~; adgens gegmas, aanalizebs da afasebs pirvelad
versias; poulobs da SearCevs konkretul detals an sityvas im SemTx-
vevaSi, Tuki `Semoqmedis~ varianti moikoWlebs; zrunavs marTlwerisa
da gramatikuli normebis dacvaze; xvews da waradgens saboloo versias.
moswavleebma maswavleblis daxmarebiT unda gaacnobieron ori Ziri
Tadi wesi:
1. aucilebelia `Semoqmedisa~ da `kritikosis~ erTmaneTisagan gamijvna.
TiToeul maTgan aqvs Tavisi samuSao, romelTa aRreva ar SeiZleba.
mag., ar SeiZleba erTmaneTSi agverios midgomebi, romlebic saWiroa
pirveladi versiis Sesaqmnelad da midgomebi, romlebic aucilebelia
16
erT-erTi pirveli, vinc weris orgvar bunebaze saubrobda, iyo romaeli poeti
vergiliusi (Zv. w.-aR. 70-19 w.w.). saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mweralsa da weris
ormxriv (SemoqmedebiT da kritikul) bunebas sxvadasxva saxeliT moixseniebdnen:
`Semoqmedi~ da `kritikosi~, `mwerali~ da `redaqtori~, tvinis `marjvena
naxevarsfero~ da `marcxena naxevarsfero~, àracnobieri~ da `cnobieri~.
130
redaqtirebisaTvis. pirveladi versiis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa sityvebis
nakadi (`Semoqmedis~ samuSao), redaqtirebisaTvis ki _ Sefaseba (`kri-
tikosis~ samuSao). kritikosis saqmea marTlweris normebis, punqtuaci-
isa da gramatikis wesebis dacva. maTze guldasmiT muSaoba iwyeba ara
pirveladi versiis Seqmnis dros, aramed momdevno etapze _ redaqtire-
ba-koreqtirebis dros. manamde, vidre moswavleebi kargad ar gaiaz-
reben weris process da gaiwafebian weraSi, sasurvelia, rom muSaoba 2
am or etapze erTmaneTis miyolebiT _ erTsa da imave gakveTilze ar
warimarTos (mag. erT dRes imuSaon pirvelad versiaze, meore dRes _
redaqtirebaze).
2. `Semoqmedisa~ da `kritikosis~ samuSao Tanabrad mniSvnelovania
weris dros.
erTi maTganis cudi muSaoba, saboloo jamSi, orive maTganis cud
muSaobas niSnavs, radgan Sedegad cudad Sesrulebul weriT namuSevars
vRebulobT. mag., Tuki `kritikosi~ metismetad mkacria da/an metisme-
tad xSirad ereva saqmeSi, `Semoqmedis~ muSaoba Seferxdeba. es ki niS-
navs, rom nawers moakldeba individualoba, organizaciuli mTlianoba
da sxv. amis sapirispirod, Tuki `kritikosi~ cudad imuSavebs, `Semoq
medma~ SeiZleba verasodes daasrulos muSaoba. aqedan gamomdinare,
cxadia, rom weriTi namuSevris Seqmnis procesSi aucilebelia orive
maTganis harmoniulad muSaoba.
weris dros maswavlebels SeuZlia individualurad gaesaubros mos-
wavleebs (Tuki amis saWiroebas dainaxavs). amgvari saubari, rogorc wesi,
amoiwureba sul erTi-ori fraziT da aqvs sruliad arafor maluri,
eqspromtis xasiaTi. mag., saklaso weriTi davalebis Sesrulebisas mas-
wavlebels, romelic am dros klasSi moZraobs da Tvalyurs adevnebs
moswavleebs, SeuZlia erTi-ori winadadebiT gaesaubros romelime maT-
gans gezis misacemad, gasamxneveblad da sxv. mizanSewoni lia, maswav-
lebelma am dros imoqmedos mkiTxvelis da ara yovlismcodne mrisxane
kritikosis poziciidan. mis SeniSvnebSi unda ikveTebodes, rom esaa
misi, rogorc mkiTxvelis, piradi pozicia (mag., ès rom wavikiTxe, vi-
fiqre...~, `wavikiTxe, magram kargad ver gavige, meore abzacSi risi Tqma
gsurs..~, sxv.).
weris Semdgomi etapi

1. redaqtireba
weris dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebis yuradRebas
mimarTavs maT mier Sesrulebul namuSevrebze; sTavazobs maT, kidev
erTxel dafiqrdnen nawerze _ moswavleebma kargad unda gaacnobieron,
rom maTi naweri warmoadgens pirvelad, samuSao versias, romelic, sa-
varaudod, Sesworebebsa da Semdgom srulyofas saWiroebs; uxsnis maT,
rom saboloo, dasrulebuli saxis misaRebad naweri saWiroebs re-
131
daqtirebas _ cvlilebebis Setanas erT an ramdenime etapad (saWiroebis
mixedviT) im mizniT, rom naweri gaxdes ufro cxadi, azrobrivad Tu
logikurad gamarTuli da saintereso. amisTvis moswavleebs SeiZleba
dasWirdeT pirveladi versiis Semokleba an gavrcoba, calkeuli na
wilebis Casworeba da/an Secvla, nawilebis gadaadgileba, axali infor-
maciiT Sevseba, stilis daxvewa, koreqtireba, sxv.
sxva sityvebiT romvTqvaT, moswavleebma unda gaacnobieron, rom weris
etapi aris ara dasasruli, aramed _ dasawyisi. swored weris Semdgom etapze
Catarebuli samuSaoebis Semdeg iZens weriTi namuSevari saboloo saxes.
redaqtireba ufro metia, vidre ubralod gramatikuli da/an or-
Tografiuli Secdomebis gasworeba. kargad Sesrulebuli saredaqtoro
samuSao ufro gamokveTs naSromis esTetikur Rirebulebas, met sicxa-
des sZens mis mxatvrul da SemoqmedebiT mxareebs. redaqtirebis etapi
or safexurad iyofa. esenia: a) naSromis Sesworeba-gadamuSaveba _ namu-
Sevris struqturis, azris sicxadis gaumjobeseba. am mimarTulebiT
avtori muSaobs manamde, vidre kmayofili ar iqneba Tavisi namuSevriT.
faqtobrivad, esaa weris procesis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani
Semadgeneli nawili _ weriTi namuSevari, ZiriTadad, swored am safex-
urze iZens saboloo saxes. am dros avtori isev agrZelebs weras da SeiZ
leba aRmoCndes, rom mas sakmaod grZeli gza aqvs darCenili samuSaos
damTavrebamde. b) naSromis daxvewa-srulyofa, romelic gulisxmobs
muSaobas winadadebebis struqturaze, orTografiasa da punqtuaciaze.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am samuSaos kargad Sesruleba yovelTvis ar moiT
xovs weriT unarebs, magaliTad, orTografiisa da punqtuaciis norme-
bis zedmiwevniT kargad mcodne adamiani SeiZleba uxeiro mwerali iyos
da, piriqiT, niWieri mwerali SeiZleba bolomde kargad ar icnobdes am
normebs. Tumca es, cxadia, ar gulisxmobs, rom orTografiisa da pun-
qtuaciis wesebis codna mniSvnelovani ar aris.
moswavleebi xSirad ver asxvaveben weris unars weriTi namuSevris
srulyofa-daxvewisaTvis saWiro unarisagan. bevri maTgani Tvlis, rom
ar SeuZlia wera, radgan kargad ar icnobs orTografia-punqtuaciis
wesebs, gramatikul normebs. am faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT maswavle
bels SeuZlia calke gakveTili dauTmos naSromis redaqtirebas, cal-
ke _ naSromis daxvewa-srulyofaze muSaobas. am gziT moswavleebi SeZ
leben ara mxolod werisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis diferencirebas,
aramed daZleven `weris SiSs~, aRmoaCenen sakuTar Zlier da sust mxa-
reebs da ganiviTareben metakognitur unarebs (`kargi idea maqvs, magram
dasabuTeba mqonia susti. kidev erTi damadasturebeli magaliTi dam-
Wirdeba. da kidev, gankerZoebul gamonaTqvamebTan rom mZimeebi iwereba,
ar unda damaviwydes, aseve unda gavimeoro fuZemonacvle zmnebi~, sxv.).
saboloo jamSi, am gziT warmarTuli muSaoba daexmareba moswavleebs,
mizanmimarTulad imuSaon sakuTari Zlieri mxareebis srulyofasa da
naklis aRmofxvraze.
132
redaqtireba SesaZlebelia warimarTos individualuri da/an wyvileb-
Si muSaobis gziT. wyvilebSi redaqtireba esaa klaselis naweris kiTxvi-
sa da komentirebis interaqtiuli procesi. muSaobis dawyebamde, sasur-
velia, maswavlebelma moswavleebs gaacnobierebinos, rom redaqtireba
ar niSnavs ubralod gakritikebas. mwvave kritikis Sedegad moswavleebs
SeiZleba erTgvari undobloba gauCndeT sakuTari SesaZleblobebis
mimarT. amitom aucilebelia, gamoikveTos moswavlis namuSevris ara 2
marto susti, aramed Zlieri mxareebic. am etapze moswavleebi xelax-
la gadaikiTxaven naSromebs da qmnian saboloo versias (pirveladi
versiis gadamuSavebis gziT). wyvilebSi an jgufebSi muSaobis dros
moswavleebi gamoTqvamen mosazrebebs klaselebis naSromebSi Sesatani
cvlilebebis Sesaxeb (Tavis komentarebs klaseli-redaqtori arSiebze
wers). SesaZlebelia, redaqtori da avtori erToblivad SeTanxmdnen
im SeniSvnebze, romlebic avtorma aucileblad unda gaiTvaliswinos.
am gziT iqmneba saboloo versia, romelic SeiZleba Zalze gansxvavde-
bodes pirveladi versiisagan. saboloo versiis SemuSavebamde SeiZleba
Seiqmnas gardamavali samuSao versia/versiebi, romlebSic asaxuli iqne-
ba redaqtirebaze muSaobis sxvadasxva etapi.
yvela SemTxvevaSi moswavleebma unda gaacnobieron, rom upirveles
yovlisa, gamosakveTia weriTi namuSevris Zlieri mxareebi, SeniSvnebi ki
gamoTqmuli unda iyos koreqtuli formiT (mag., `Sens adgilze me ase
gavakeTebdi~, misT.), rCevis saxiT.
redaqtirebis swavlebisa da saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba SesaZ
lebelia adekvaturad SerCeuli nimuSis CvenebiT.
redaqtireba-koreqtirebis etapze Seasrulebeli samuSaoebi cxrilis
saxiT amgvarad SeiZleba warmovadginoT:
redaqtirebis procesi
tipi saqmianoba aqtivobebi
Seswore- xelaxla moswavleebi mewyvilesTan erTad kiTxuloben Ta-
ba-gada- wakiTxva vianT pirvelad versiebs, mewyvile afasebs namu-
muSaveba Sevars da svams kiTxvebs.
sityvebis moswavleebi TavianT pirvelad versiaSi irCeven
SerCeva 5-10 sityvas da eZeben ufro konkretul da Zlier
sinonimebs leqsikonis, klaselebis SeTavazebebis,
sxv. gamoyenebis gziT.
struqtur- moswavleebi xataven grafiks an diagramas Tavian-
is gaum- Ti nawerebis struqturis ilustrirebisaTvis da
jobeseba Casworebebi SeaqvT sawyis versiebSi (im SemTxveva-
Si, Tuki naweris struqtura adekvaturi ar aris)
133
organizeba moswavleebi iyeneben `markerebs~ maswavleblis
miTiTebis Sesabamisad TavianTi sawyisi versiebis
mosaniSnad. mag., moswavleebma SeiZleba moniSnon
e.w. gadasvlebi, emociis gamomxatveli detalebi;
leqsika da sxva enobrivi saSualebebi, romlebic
qmnis avtoris individualur stils, sxv.
stilis naweris stilis gasaumjobeseblad moswavleebi
gaum- irCeven TavianTi sawyisi versiis monakveTs bev-
jobeseba ri mokle winadadebiT da cdiloben, gaaerTianon
winadadebebi da/an piriqiT: Zalze grZel wina-
dadebebs yofen or an met winadadebad, sxv.
kore- orTogra- moswavleebi mewyvilesTan erTad amoicnoben aras-
qtireba fia worad daweril sityvebs da swori formis dasad-
genad iyeneben leqsikons, sxv.
punqtuacia moswavleebi amowmeben TavianT nawers sasveni niS-
nebis gamoyenebis kuTxiT, asworeben Secdomebs.
winadade- moswavleebi aanalizeben winadadebebs pirvelad
bebis versiaSi da ajgufeben maT martiv, Serwymul da
struqtura rTul winadadebebad, akvirdebian maT struqtu-
ras. amis Semdeg maT SeaqvT saWiro cvlilebebi
nawerSi.
moswavleTa muSaoba ufro efeqturi iqneba, Tu isini garkveuli xniT

gverdze gadadeben nawers redaqtirebis dawyebamde _ uSualod weris
dasrulebis Semdeg maT SeiZleba gauWirdeT Secdomebisa da xarvezebis
aRmoCena. garkveuli periodis Semdeg, rodesac gaCndeba erTgvari dis-
tancia maTsa da Sesrulebul namuSevrebs Soris, moswavleebi ukeT SeZ
leben redaqtirebas ùcxo TvaliT~. redaqtirebis etapze moswavleebi
axorcieleben or aqtivobas. esenia: a) kiTxva Secdomebis aRmosaCenad,
b) aRmoCenili Secdomebis gasworeba.
2. kiTxva Secdomebis gasworebis mizniT.

moswavleebi kiTxuloben TavianT namuSevrebs SesaZlo Secdomebis aR-
mosaCenad da mosaniSnad. am dros moswavleebi kiTxuloben TiToeul si-
tyvas, Secdomebis aRmosaCenad da ara azris gasagebad (sakmaod rTulia
koncentracia am samuSaoze, radgan adamianisaTvis ufro bunebrivia kiT
xva azris gamosatanad). gamocdili koreqtorebic ki xSirad yuradRebis
koncentrirebas axdenen teqstis gagebaze da ver amCneven im Secdomebs,
romlebic xels ar uSlis Sinaarsis aRqmas. aqedan gamomdinare, mniS-
vnelovania, maswavlebelma auxsnas moswavleebs, ras warmoadgens kiTxva
koreqtirebis mizniT da riTi gansxvavdeba is Cveulebrivi kiTxvisgan.
moswavleebi unda acnobierebdnen, rom redaqtireba-koreqtirebis
etapi iseve mniSvnelovania weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad, rogorc
uSualod weris da/an weris wina etapebi. es daexmareba maT, meti pa-
134
suxismgeblobiT moekidon redaqtireba-koreqtirebis process da
efeqturad imuSaon TavianTi namuSevrebis daxvewaze. meore mxriv, aris
imis saSiSroebac, rom moswavleebs erTgvarad zerele damokidebuleba
CamouyalibdeT uSualod weris procesis mimarT (`mTavaria, raRac da
wero. mere, maswavleblis da/an sxvebis daxmarebiT, daiwereba saboloo,
`kargi~ namuSevari~). amitom aucilebelia, rom moswavleebi Tanabari
pasuxismgeblobiT muSaobdnen weris samive etapze. 2
mniSvnelovania, maswavlebeli kargad erkveodes am etapisaTvis ga
miznul aqtivobebSi. zogjer redaqtireba SeiZleba gulisxmobdes
mTeli naSromis xelaxla Sedgenas. amis saWiroeba Tavs iCens im Sem
TxvevebSi, Tuki pirvel versiaze muSaobis dros moswavles gauCnde-
ba raime axali idea. sxva SemTxvevebSi redaqtireba gulisxmobs Si-
naarsis gadamuSavebas, naSromis reorganizebas, adekvaturi leqsiku-
ri erTeulebis SerCevas, winadadebebis struqturis daxvewas, naweris
srulyofas enobriv-stilisturi TvalsazrisiT, punqtuaciuri xarve-
zebis aRmofxvrasa da sxv.
moswavleebma kargad unda gaiazron, rogor gadaamuSavon Tavian
Ti naweri. am etapze maT SeuZliaT mewyvileebs gauziaron Tavian-
Ti Tvalsazrisi, dausvan SekiTxvebi TavianTi namuSevris ama Tu
im nawilis srulyofis da/an informaciis dazustebis mizniT. mos-
wavleebs xelmZRvaneloba sWirdebaT, agreTve, imis saswavleb-
lad, Tu rogor unda imoqmedon maT redaqtirebis da/an koreq
tirebis dros saboloo versiis (`kargi naweris~) Seqmnis mizniT.
rodesac moswavle kmayofilia Tavisi pirveli versiiT, redaqtireba
gulisxmobs zrunvas naweris imgvar mxareebze, rogorebicaa: akuratu-
loba, punqtuacia, xelwera, marTlwera, misT.
redaqtireba-koreqtireba maswavlebelma SeiZleba warmarTos in-
struqciebis meSveobiT. mag., `gaxaze is sityvebi, romelTa marTlwe
raSi darwmunebuli ar xar~, ìpove winadadeba, romelSic gamoyenebuli
gaqvs arasaWiro sityva da xelaxla dawere winadadeba am sityvis ga-
reSe~. sawyis etapze yuradReba unda mieqces mxolod naweris erT-or
aspeqts. TandaTanobiT, moswavleTa gamocdilebisa da codnis zrdas-
Tan erTad, SeiZleba SemuSavdes kriteriumebis CamonaTvali (kiTxvaris
formatis), romliTac moswavle isargeblebs weris am etapze _ nawerSi
cvlilebebis Setanis da/an redaqtireba-koreqtirebis mizniT.
nimuSi. naSromSi Sesatani SesaZlo cvlilebebis kriteriumebis Camo
naTvali:
 aqvs Tu ara naSroms saTanado dasawyisi?
 gamoviyene Tu ara sakmarisi raodenobiT damatebiTi informacia?
 aris Tu ara Cemi daskvna logikuri?
 SeiZleba Tu ara davamato raime axali?
 aucilebelia Tu ara teqstis sxvagvarad organizeba?
135
nimuSi. redaqtirebis/koreqtirebis kriteriumebis CamonaTvali:
 davwere Tu ara yvela sityva marTebuli formiT?
 gamoxatavs Tu ara yvela winadadeba dasrulebul azrs?
 gamovyavi Tu ara yvela abzaci?
naklebi weriTi gamocdilebis mqone moswavleebTan redaqtireba
-koreqtirebis dros gansakuTrebiT efeqturia wyvilebSi muSaoba. am
SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi erTad ganixilaven TavianT naSromebs (Ti-
Toeuli kiTxulobs Tavisi mewyvilis namuSevars). ganxilvis Semdeg ki,
mewyvilis SeniSvnebisa da rCevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, avtorebs cvlile-
bebi SeaqvT sakuTar namuSevrebSi. ufro gawaful moswavleebs SeuZli-
aT mcire jgufebSi da/an individualurad muSaoba. yvela SemTxvevaSi,
mniSvnelovania, rom redaqtireba-koreqtirebis kriteriumebis Camo
naTvali gansazRvruli iyos moswavleebis TanamonawileobiT. SesaZle-
belia, rom kriteriumebis CamonaTvali kedelze iyos gakruli, raTa
moswavleebs muSaobisas mxedvelobidan ar gamorCeT arcerTi maTgani.
nimuSi. kriteriumebi wyviluri samuSaosTvis:
 moswavleebi cdiloben TavianTi SeniSvnebiTa da komentarebiT
daexmaron erTmaneTs;
 moswavleebi erTmaneTs aZleven azris gamoxatvis saSualebas;
laparakoben rigrigobiT;
 moswavleebi mewyvilis namuSevris Sefasebas iwyeben da amTavre-
ben dadebiTi komentariT;
 avtori ismens da iwers SeniSvnebsa da komentarebs;
 avtori gaiazrebs SeniSvnebsa da komentarebs; wyvets, romel maT-
gans gaiTvaliswinebs naSromis saboloo redaqciis momzadebis
dros.
kriteriumebis CamonaTvali SeiZleba saWiroebisamebr Seicvalos.
mTavaria, maswavlebeli xedavdes, rom amgvarad warmarTuli da dageg
mili muSaoba realurad exmareba moswavleebs naSromis srulyofaSi.
3. redaqtireba maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT

redaqtireba SeiZleba Catardes maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT.
am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli muSaobs etapobrivad, xanmokle sesiebis
formatSi. erTi sesiis ganmavlobaSi muSaoba fokusirebuli unda iyos
mxolod erT sakiTxze, romelsac maswavlebeli winaswar SearCevs saWi
roebis mixedviT. sesiis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli dafaze Camowers kri-
teriumebs da SesTavazebs moswavleebs, maTi gaTvaliswinebiT xelaxla
gadaikiTxon da Caasworon TavianTi namuSevrebi.
pirveli versiis redaqtirebis gaadvilebis mizniT maswavlebelma
moswavleebs SeiZleba SesTavazos:
 daweron namuSevris pirveli versia fanqriT;
136
 gamotovon TiTo striqoni pirveli versiis weris dros;
 Caasworon naweri gansxvavebuli feris fanqriT an kalmiT (Ti-
Toeul etapze gamoiyenon erTi romelime feri);
 daamaton axali masala gamotovebul striqonebze, an mis zemoT/
qvemoT.
maswavleblebma unda gaiTvaliswinon, rom redaqtireba enobriv
-stilisturi normebis, gramatikuli elementebis marTebulad gamo 2
yenebisa swavlebis erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa. am dros

moswavleebi, TavianTi praqtikuli saWiroebebidan gamomdinare, kidev
erTxel dafiqrdebian winadadebebis struqturasTan, punqtuaciasTan,
stilistikasTan da a.S. dakavSirebul normebze. maswavlebelma re-
daqtirebis procesi unda warmarTos lakoniuri, cxadi da konkretuli
instruqciebis micemis gziT.
4. redaqtireba maswavleblis recenziis safuZvelze

weriTi namuSevris saboloo versiis SemuSavebaSi moswavleebs mniS-
vnelovan daxmarebas uwevs maswavleblis werilobiTi SeniSvnebi, komen-
tarebi da rekomendaciebi, rasac SeiZleba hqondes erTgvari recenzi-
is formac. am SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebelma upirvelesad unda aRniSnos
namuSevris dadebiTi mxareebi, Semdeg _ SeniSvnebi da rekomendaciebi
naSromis Semdgomi srulyofisaTvis.
5. gaziareba
sasurvelia, rom naSromze muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs
farTo arCevani hqondeT TavianTi naSromebis gaziarebis Tvalsazri
siT. es SeiZleba iyos: naSromis TanaklaselebisaTvis gacnoba saklaso
oTaxSi, gakveTilis msvlelobis dros; sajaro prezentacia; nawerebis
gamofena saklaso oTaxSi an skolaSi; portfolioebi; individualuri,
jgufuri an saklaso bukletebi; wignebis damzadeba; naSromis gamo-
qveyneba moswavleTa JurnalebSi, saskolo an sazogadoebriv gazeTebSi;
gamoqveyneba skolis vebgverdze, sxv.
saboloo versiebis gaziareba ama Tu im auditoriisaTvis erTgvarad
àcocxlebs~ moswavleTa nawerebs. amasTan, mniSvnelovania isic, rom
nawerebis klaselebis, sxva moswavleebis, mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis
auditoriisaTvis wakiTxvis dros moswavleebi Tavs namdvil avtorebad
aRiqvamen.
weris procesis gaazreba da misi etapebis gacnobiereba mniS-
vnelovnad Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa weriTi metyvelebis ganviTare-
bas. rogorc aRiniSna, amisaTvis moswavleebma kargad unda gaiazron
weris procesis calkeul etapebTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobebi. mag.,
weris wina etapze, weris dawyebamde, maT unda SeeZloT ideebis Camoya
libeba; gamoyeneba calkeuli sqemebisa, romlebic maT daexmarebaT Te-
137
mebis SerCevaSi, sxvadasxva aspeqtze fokusirebaSi. redaqtirebis etapze
yuradReba eqceva stilistikis, marTlwerisa da gramatikis sakiTxebs,
wardgenis etapze ki yuradReba maxvildeba auditoriaze, saprezenta-
cio teqnologiebze da a.S.
weris etapebis ukeT gasacnobiereblad saskolo gamocdilebaSi ar-
sebobs weris calkeul etapebze fokusirebis praqtika maTi detaluri
gacnobis gziT, rodesac kviris esa Tu is dRe mTlianad eTmoba erT-
erT maTgans, mag. orSabaTi _ weris wina etaps, samSabaTi _ pirveladi
versiis momzadebas, oTxSabaTi _ redaqtirebas, xuTSabaTi _ wardgenas.
Tumca aucilebelia aqve aRiniSnos, rom amgvari midgoma garkveul zo
mierebas moiTxovs maswavleblisagan _ gadaWarbebis SemTxvevaSi, arse-
bobs riski imisa, rom weris etapebis swavlebam meqanikuri saxe miiRos,
moswavleebma naklebi yuradReba dauTmon namuSevris xarisxs. Sedegad,
SeiZleba miviRoT namuSevrebi, romlebSic asaxulia weris procesis
yvela nabiji, magram maTi Sesrulebis xarisxi arc ise maRalia.
imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma warmatebiT gaarTvan Tavi sirTuleebs,
saWiroa, rom maswavleblebma strategiulad ifiqron da dagegmon
weris swavlebis procesi. maT winaswar unda gansazRvron, Tu ra
Sedegis miReba surT yoveli aqtivobidan da rogor unda gaxadon es
Sedegi mniSvnelovani ara mxolod konkretuli davalebis SemTxvevaSi,
aramed, zogadad, moswavleTa cxovrebaSi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
strategiebis gamoyeneba sakmarisi ar aris. maswavlebeli unda daexmaros
moswavleebs strategiis arsis gaazrebaSi, gaacnobierebinos maT, rom
strategiebi damxmare saSualebaa dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad.
meTodikuri midgomebi weris swavlebaSi

modelirebuli wera
esaa procesi, romlis drosac teqstis SeTxvaze muSaobs maswav-
lebeli. muSaobis dros maswavlebeli fiqrobs `xmamaRla~ im mizniT,
rom TvalsaCinod warmoudginos moswavleebs weris _ teqstis SeTxz-
vis procesi. am strategias `xmamaRla weris~ strategiasac uwodeben.
igi efeqturad muSaobs rogorc sruliad gamoucdel, ise SedarebiT
mdidari weriTi gamocdilebis mqone moswavleebTan. `modelirebuli
weris~ meSveobiT maswavlebeli TvalsaCinos, cxadsa da konkretuls
xdis weris process, romelsac Tanamimdevruli nabijebis saxiT war-
moudgens moswavleebs. am gziT moswavleebi xedaven, rogor muSaobs
gamocdili mwerali (maswavlebeli) weris dros, rac Zalze uwyobs xels
moswavleebis daostatebis process. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnuli
strategiis gamoyenebiT maswavlebels SeuZlia pirdapiri gziT uCve-
nos moswavleebs, rogor mimdinareobs muSaoba weriTi namuSevris Seq
mnaze da, amdenad, uviTarebs maT weris ZiriTad unar-Cvevebs.
modelirebuli weris strategiis gamoyeneba SeiZleba agreTve re-
138
daqtirebis etapze Casatarebeli samuSaoebis sademonstraciod.
swrafad wera
es modeli gulisxmobs weris sam-oTxwuTiani, mokle sesiis Catare-
bas, romlis drosac moswavleebs qaRaldze gadaaqvT pirveli emocia,
idea, fiqri, mosazreba, romlebic maT gauCndebaT maswavleblis mier
2
SeTavazebul Temaze. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom ideebi da sxv., rom-
lebic pirvelad mogvdis TavSi, garkveul SemTxvevebSi saukeTesoa
xolme. maswavlebelma unda gaacnobierebinos moswavleebs, rom am se
siebis dros maTi amocanaa, pirdapir daweron is, rac TavSi gauelvebT;
am dros saWiro zrunva imaze, rom naweri SeZlebisdagvarad gamarTuli
gamovides. am dros ukve dawerilis gadaxazva da raimes Secvla re-
komendebuli ar aris. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki moswavles mainc aqvs sur-
vili, rom raime Secvalos, axali versia man furclis arSiebze unda
CainiSnos. moswavleTa weriTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis mizniT aR-
niSnuli modeli, romelsac `Rrubel aqtivobebsac~17 uwodeben, SeiZ
leba gamoviyenoT swavla-swavlebis sxvadasxva etapze, kerZod: axali
masalis wardgenisas, naswavli masalis Sejamebisas, ganvlili masalis
ganmtkicebisas.
Tavisufali wera
es modeli gamoiyeneba weris wina etapze. esaa wera kalmis auReblad,
SeuCereblad _ ama Tu im SeTavazebul Temaze. moswavleebi weren imas da
imgvarad, rogorc fiqroben, dros ar xarjaven imaze fiqrSi, sworadaa
Tu ara agebuli maTi winadadebebi, ar fiqroben marTlweris normebze,
stilze da misT.; am dros SesaZlebelia arasruli winadadebebis da/an
frazebis gamoyenebac. aRniSnuli strategiis mTavari mizania, kalamma
SeuCereblad imoZraos. weris am strategiisaTvis SesaZlebelia Seir
Ces Temebi, romlebic erTi konkretuli faqtisa Tu movlenis aRweras
gulisxmobs, magaliTad, `rogor Sevxvdi axal wels~, `rogor aRvniSne
Cemi dabadebis dRe~ da a.S.
saziaro wera
saziaro wera aris procesi, romlis drosac maswavlebeli da mos-
wavleebi erToblivad qmnian teqsts (`xmamaRla fiqris~, èrTad fiqris~
strategiis gamoyenebiT). maswavlebeli am SemTxvevaSi mwerlis rols
iTavsebs. `saziaro weris~ mizania, maswavlebelma TvalsaCinod da kon
kretulad warmoudginos moswavleebs weris procesi, aCvenos maT
17
e.w. `Rrubeli aqtivobebi~ gamoiyeneba drois intervalebis Sesavsebad. maTi meS-
veobiT intervalebi, romlebic drois kargvisTvis iyo ganwiruli, transformir-
deba saswavlo qmedebisaTvis gamiznul drod.
139
strategiebi, romlebsac gamocdili mwerlebi iyeneben weriTi namu-
Sevris Seqmnis dros; gaacnos moswavleebs weriTi metyvelebis normebi.
moswavleebi eubnebian maswavlebels, risi Tqmac surT. amisTvis ki
maswavlebeli winaswar amzadebs moswavleebs _ usvams maT SekiTxvebs
im mizniT, rom alaparakos isini ama Tu im ideaze, gaamaxvilos maTi
yuradReba saWiro Temaze/Temebze. maswavlebeli dafaze iwers moswav-
leebis naTqvams, xmamaRla imeorebs daweril sityvebs da winadadebis
dasrulebis Semdeg akeTebs mokle komentars werisas gamoyenebuli we-
sebis Sesaxeb: xsnis, ratom dawera esa Tu is sityva am formiT, ra-
tom dawera sityvebi am mimdevrobiT da sxv. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli
kiTxulobs daweril teqsts (kiTxvisas ayolebs teqsts saCvenebel joxs
an TiTs). saziaro weris strategia SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxvadasxva
mizniT, sxvadasxva formis da Janris Seswavlis dros.
interaqtiuli wera
interaqtiuli weris dros moswavleebi maswavlebelTan erTad ga
dawyveten, ra unda iTqvas teqstiT. Semdeg yvelani erToblivad weren
teqsts, kiTxuloben, imeoreben, asworeben mas. amasobaSi maswavlebeli
`xmamaRla fiqrobs~ weris procesis demonstrirebis mizniT.
wera maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT

rodesac moswavleebi Txzulebaze muSaoben, maswavlebeli exmareba
maT, stimuls aZlevs weris process, CarTulia am procesSi da myisierad
reagirebs zepiri komentarebis, aseve SeniSvnebis da rCevebis micemis
gziT; zogadad, xelmZRvanelobs da warmarTavs moswavleTa muSaobas.
damoukideblad wera
moswavleebi weren sakuTar Txzulebebs modelirebuli, saziaro
da maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT Catarebuli weriTi gakveTilebisas
SeZenili codnisa da unarebis gamoyenebiT. maswavlebeli exmareba mos-
wavleebs rogorc weris wina etapze (konsultaciebis meSveobiT), ise
uSualod weris procesis dros (moswavleTa waxalisebiT, rCevis mice-
miT, saWiro axsna-ganmartebiT, sxv.).
erToblivi wera
esaa procesi, rodesac jgufebad (an wyvilebad) dayofili moswav-
leebi muSaoben erTad, rogorc Tanaavtorebi. magaliTad, maT SeuZli-
aT jgufuri abzacis an leqsis Sedgena maswavleblis mier SeTavazebu-
li an jgufis mier Seqmnili ZiriTadi ideis gamomxatvel winadadebaze
(pirvel striqonze) dayrdnobiT. qaRaldis erTi furclis gamoyenebiT
moswavleebi rigrigobiT adgenen winadadebebs an striqonebs. jgufi
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qmnis Txzulebas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, amatebs ideebs an `gadaala
gebs~ maT imisaTvis, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad gamarTuli gamovides
da/an dasrulebuli saxe mieces.
kvleviTi wera
kvleviTi wera gulisxmobs resursebze damyarebul swavlas, rome
2
lic efeqturad aviTarebs moswavleebis kvleviT unar-Cvevebs sxvadas
xva saxis informaciis wvdomis, moZiebis, daxarisxebisa da gamoyenebis
meSveobiT.
aucilebelia, rom aqtivobebi xorcieldebodes Sinaarsian konte-
qstSi, konkretuli davalebebis, amocanebisa Tu sakiTxebis saxiT. in-
formaciis moZiebisa da kvlevis procesi mravalmxriv sasargebloa mos-
wavleebisTvis. isini ikmayofileben bunebriv cnobismoyvareobas, aaqti-
ureben da Tavs uyrian adreul codnas, fiqroben da gansazRvraven, ra
nabijebi unda gadadgan an ra amocanebi unda gadawyviton informaciis
mosaZieblad; agroveben da afaseben mopovebuli informaciis Sesaba
misobas konkretul miznebTan, iyeneben ukve naswavl masalas, uCndebaT
axal-axali SekiTxvebi, ris Sedegadac uviTardebaT araerTi saswavlo
unari. maswavlebels SeuZlia daexmaros moswavleebs sxvadasxva teq
nologiisa da resursebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebis gziT, aseve
aaTvisebinos maT informaciis mopovebisa da Sefasebis strategiebi.
wera wyvilebSi/jgufebSi
wyvilebSi/jgufebSi wera yvelaze efeqturi da Sedegismomtania ma-
Sin, rodesac am wyvilebs/jgufebs daevalebaT raimes dawera uSualod
axali masalis Seswavlis Semdeg. samuSaos organizebis TvalsazrisiT,
arsebobs ori midgoma: 1. winaswari SerCeva – maswavlebeli winaswari Ser-
CeviT daajgufebs moswavleebs wyvilebad/ jgufebad. am dros mewyvilee-
bad/samuSao jgufis wevrebad SeirCevian moswavleebi, romlebic, mas-
wavleblis azriT, kargad `Seavseben~ erTmaneTs (mag., SemoqmedebiTi,
ideebiT aRsavse moswavle disleqsiis niSnebiT da muyaiTi, mcodne mos-
wavle `Semsruleblis~ tipisa); 2. SemTxveviTi SerCeva _ moswavleebi Tvi-
Ton irCeven partniors an erTiandebian wyvilebSi/jgufebSi adgilebis
mixedviT (wyvilebSi/jgufebSi erTiandebian erTmaneTis gverdiT da/an
axlos msxdomi moswavleebi). aucilebelia, rom moswavleebma aiTvison
wyvilebSi/jgufebSi muSaobisTvis saWiro tradiciuli gza: a) repeticia
– moswavleebi Tavdapirvelad zepirad Camoayalibeben TavianT naazrevs
(rac unda daweron); b) wera _ wers erTi, sxva exmareba an yvelani weren
sakuTar versias (es ukanaskneli kargi saSualebaa kinklaobis Tavidan
asarideblad); g) kiTxva – moswavleebi kiTxuloben namuSevars, SeaqvT
masSi Sesworebebi da amzadeben namuSevris saboloo versias.
141
wyvilebSi/jgufebSi muSaobas gakveTilze drois mcire monakveTi
unda daeTmos. saWiroa xazgasma, rom samuSao swrafad unda Sesrul-
des – moswavleebma ar unda ifiqron, rom dro bevri aqvT, raTa ar
moadunon yuradReba. Tumca, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, moswavleebs
SeiZleba gaezardoT samuSao dro.
weris seminarebi
seminarebi weris swavlebis efeqturi saSualebaa. isini xels uwyobs
werisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, exmareba moswavleebs
weris strategiebis dauflebaSi. weris seminarebis grafiki detalurad
unda iyos gawerili. seminarebis Catarebisas moswavleebi sam ZiriTad
saqmianobaSi arian Cabmuli:
o mini-gakveTilebi (maswavleblebi atareben mokle gakveTilebs,
romlebic fokusirebulia weris strategiebze, unarebsa da pro-
cedurebze);
o damoukidebeli wera (moswavleebi muSaoben konkretul weriT
davalebaze);
o gaziareba (mimdinare samuSao versias an naweris saboloo versias
moswavleebi gaacnoben mcire jgufs an mTel klass).
dRiuris warmoeba
dRiuris warmoeba mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels weriTi metyvelebis
ganviTarebas. dRiurSi avtori wers im Temebze, romlebic mas realurad
ainteresebs an aRelvebs. am dros igi, ZiriTadad, koncentrirebulia
Sinaarsze _ imaze, rom rac SeiZleba srulad da adekvaturad gadmosces
Tavisi fiqrebi, emociebi, azrebi; nakleb yuradRebas aqcevs enobrivi
normebis srulyofilad dacvas, teqstis struqturasa da/an organizaci-
ul yalibs. Tavisuflebis amgvari xarisxi karg SesaZleblobas aZlevs
moswavles, daukavSiros weris gamocdileba realur cxovrebas, Tamamad
imuSaos sityvebze, frazebze, aRmoaCinos maTi mniSvnelobis axali wax-
nagebi, gaimdidros leqsika, gamoimuSaos weris sakuTari stili.
weris strategiebi da unar-Cvevebi:

weris strategiebi is instrumentebia, romlebsac moswavleebi mi-
zanmimarTulad iyeneben efeqturi nawarmoebebis Sesaqmnelad. rogorc
ukve iTqva, moswavleebi bevr erTsa da imave strategias iyeneben ro-
gorc kiTxvisTvis, ise werisTvis (adreuli codnis gaaqtiureba, kiTxve-
bis dasma, Sefaseba, sxv.). weris dros gamoiyeneba Semdegi strategiebi:
weris wina etapis strategiebi. moswavleebi iyeneben Sesabamis strate
giebs, rogorebicaa, magaliTad: weris dawyebamde ideebis SemuSaveba da
maTi organizeba, gegmis, gegma-monaxazis Sedgena, kategorizacia, sxv.
142
proeqtis Sedgenis strategiebi. moswavleebi iyeneben sawyisi varian-
tis werisas ideebze yuradRebis koncentirebis mizniT (mag., Temis da-
konkreteba, wyaroebis moZieba, magaliTebis warmodgena, sxv.).
redaqtireba-koreqtirebis strategiebi. moswavleebi iyeneben Cas-
worebebis Setanis strategiebs TavianTi ideebis ufro efeqturad gad-
mosacemad. aseTebia, magaliTad: xelaxali kiTxva, problemebis aRmo-
Cena, ideebis daxvewa, winadadebebis gaerTianeba da zusti sityvebis 2
SerCeva; marTlweraSi daSvebuli Secdomebisa Tu sxva meqanikuri Sec-
domebis gasworebisaTvis (mag., kiTxva Secdomebis aRmoCenis mizniT).
weriTi namuSevris gaziarebis strategiebi. moswavleebi iyeneben Ta
vianTi namuSevrebis saboloo variantebis mosamzadeblad da klaselebi-
sa Tu sxva auditoriebisTvis gasaziareblad. aseTebia, magaliTad, pro-
eqtis Sedgena da wardgena adekvaturad SerCeuli verbaluri da ara-
verbaluri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, sxv.
werilobiTi teqstis struqtura

abzaci
yvela weriTi namuSevari abzacebisagan Sedgeba. amdenad, kargad
struqturirebuli, gaazrebuli weriTi namuSevris dasawerad aucile-
belia, rom moswavlebma kargad gaacnobieron abzacis _ weriTi namu-
Sevris am erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi struqturuli erTeulis raoba,
saxeebi da agebuleba.
abzacis raoba da struqtura

abzaci aris erToblioba winadadebebisa, romlebic gaerTianebulia
ori niSniT. esenia: a) Temis erTianoba; b) azrobrivi Sesabamisoba. am-
denad, abzacSi warmodgenilia winadadebebebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba
erTsa da imave Temas da azrobrivad Seesabameba erTmaneTs.
funqciuri TvalsazrisiT ganarCeven abzacis or saxes _ damou-
kidebelsa da damxmares. damoukidebeli abzacis funqciaa, miawodos
mkiTxvels faqtobrivi an konceptualuri informacia, damxmare abzaci
ki Seajamebs teqstis calkeul nawilebs, amzadebs mkiTxvels momdevno
nawilze gadasasvlelad.
naweris saTanadod organizebis unar-Cvevebis asaTviseblad aucile-
belia, maswavlebeli moswavleebs daexmaros abzacis cnebisa da
struqturis gaazrebaSi _ auxsnas maT, rom: a) abzaci aris erTmaneT-
Tan dakavSirebuli winadadebebis erToblioba, romlebSic ganviTare-
bulia erTi azri; b) abzaci Sedgeba sami nawilisagan. esenia, kerZod:
1. Tematuri winadadeba _ masSi gamoxatulia abzacis ZiriTadi idea,
mTavari azri. igi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos abzacis dasawyissa an
143
boloSi;18 2. ramdenime damxmare winadadeba _ maTSi gadmocemulia
TemasTan/ZiriTad ideasTan dakavSirebuli informacia; 3. daskvniTi
winadadeba _ igi Seajamebs ZiriTad azrs an sxva sityvebiT gadmogvcems
Tematur winadadebaSi gamoTqmul azrs. klasikuri, tradiciuli age-
bulebis mqone abzacis grafikul sqemas, misi garegnuli iersaxis gamo,
`sendviCs~ uwodeben. sqematurad abzacis struqtura amgvarad SeiZle-
ba gamoisaxos:
sqemis zeda da qveda nawilebi _ `sendviCis~ puris naWrebi _ esaa Te-

maturi winadadeba da daskvniTi winadadeba, romelTa SuaSi `moTavsebu-
lia~ damxmare winadadebebi.19 ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani cal-calke.
I. Tematuri winadadeba
Tematuri winadadeba abzacis umniSvnelovanesi erTeulia. igi mkiTx-
vels warmodgenas uqmnis Temis Sesaxeb, uadvilebs mas naweris aRqmasa
da gagebas. mas ori nawili aqvs. esenia: a) Tema _ tradiciulad, igi
warmodgenilia qvemdebariTa da masTan dakavSirebuli winadadebis wev-
rebiT; b) SemomsazRvreli idea, romelic gadmocemulia SemasmenliT
18
Cven aq ZiriTadad ganvixilavT imgvar modelebs, romlebSic Tematuri winadadeba
abzacis dasawyisSia warmodgenili _ cnobilia, rom sawyis etapze moswavleebi ufro
xSirad swored amgvari struqturis mqone abzacebs iyeneben (ix. Laurie G. Kiszner
& Stephen R. Mandell, Patterns for College Writing, A Rhetorical Reader and Guide, BEDFORD/ST.
MARTIN’S, 2012, gv. 55).
19
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom Tematuri winadadeba zogjer SeiZleba arc iyos
warmodgenili abzacSi (gansakuTrebiT, TxrobiT abzacebSi). am SemTxvevebSi abzaci
warmoadgens erTi ideis/Temis safuZvelze SekavSirebuli winadadebebis erTobliobas,
romelSic implicituradaa gadmocemuli abzacis mTavari idea an, ubralod,
grZeldeba wina abzacis Tema. aq Cven amgvar SemTxvevebze calke ar SevCerdebiT.
144
da masTan dakavSirebuli winadadebis wevrebiT (ix. qvemoT cxrilis sa
xiT warmodgenili sqema). Tematuri winadadebis Sedgenisas SesaZlebe-
lia gamoviyenoT sxva sintaqsuri konstruqciebic, mag., qvemdebaruli
damokidebuli winadadeba, sxv.
Tematuri winadadebis pirveli nawili warmogvidgens, asaxelebs ab-
zacis Temas; SemomsazRvreli idea ki, erTi mxriv, naTelyofs, ras gve-
tyvis abzaci am konkretuli Temis Sesaxeb, meore mxriv, SemosazRvravs 2
Temas konkretuli Tvalsazrisis safuZvelze, gamokveTs rakurss _
avtoris xedvis kuTxes. sazogadod, adekvaturi Tematuri winadadebis
mizania, gaacnos mkiTxvels Tema ise, rom ar gamoiyenos arcerTi deta-
li. qvemoT nimuSebis saxiT warmodgenilia saerTo Temis mqone Tematu-
ri winadadebebi gansxvavebuli ganmsazRvreli ideebiT.
Tematuri winadadeba Tema SemomsazRvreli idea

1. zogierTi qorwili Zalze zogierTi Zalze ubralod
ubralod tardeba. qorwili tardeba
2. zogierTi qorwili Zalze zogierTi Zalze mdidrulad
mdidrulad tardeba. qorwili tardeba
3. zogierTi qorwili zogierTi uCveulo, egzotikur
uCveulo, egzotikur qorwili garemoSi tardeba
garemoSi tardeba.
tradiciulad, Tematuri winadadeba abzacis pirvel adgilze dgas,

Tumca igi, rogorc aRvniSneT, SeiZleba abzacis boloSic Segvxvdes.
aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: Tematuri winadadeba ar
unda iyos arc metismetad zogadi, arc metismetad konkretuli. sa-
Tanadod Sedgenili Tematuri winadadeba mkiTxvels acnobs abzacis Si-
naars, magram ar sTavazobs detalebs.
ganvixiloT Tematuri winadadebebis nimuSebi:
1. Zalze zogadi Tematuri winadadeba

1.1. saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad~
`qorwineba erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi movlenaa adamianis pirad cx-
ovrebaSi~ _ winadadeba Zalze zogadia: mkiTxveli ver Seiqmnis warmodge-
nas imis Sesaxeb, konkretulad, raze iqneba laparaki. erTaderTi daskvna,
romelsac mkiTxveli gamoitans, isaa, rom adamianebi qorwindebian.
1. 2. saTauri: `namdvili megobari~
`megobroba cidan movlenili niWia, romelic adamianis guls siTbo-
Ti avsebs~ _ winadadeba Zalze bundovania, ver uqmnis mkiTxvels war-
modgenas imis Sesaxeb, Tu, konkretulad, raze iqneba abzacSi laparaki.
145
2. Zalze konkretuli Tematuri winadadeba.
2.1. saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad~
`saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis umravlesoba 20-25 wlis asakSi qorwin-
deba~ _ winadadebaSi laparakia konkretul detalze, romelic, wesiT,
SemdegSi (abzacis Sua nawilSi) unda iyos moyvanili.
2.2. saTauri: `namdvili megobari~.
`namdvili megobris povna Zalian Znelia~ _ winadadebaSi laparakia
konkretul problemaze, romelzec, wesiT, SeiZleba laparaki iyos ab-
zacis Sua nawilSi.
3. adekvaturi Tematuri winadadeba.

3.1. saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad~.
`saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa saSualo saqorwino asaki mkveTrad gai
zarda bolo aTi wlis manZilze~ _ winadadeba mkiTxvels acnobs, erTi
mxriv, Temas (qorwineba, saqorwino asaki), meore mxriv, warmodgenas uqm-
nis imaze, Tu konkretulad, rogor ganviTardeba Tematuri winadadeba,
raze iqneba laparaki abzacSi (saSualo saqorwino asakis cvlilebaze).
3.2. saTauri: `namdvili megobari~.
`namdvil megobars sami Tviseba gamoarCevs~ _ winadadeba mkiTxvels
acnobs Temas; amasTan, warmodgenas uqmnis imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor iqne-
ba agebuli abzaci: masSi, wesiT, laparaki unda iyos namdvili megobris
damaxasiaTebel sam Tvisebaze.
II. damxmare winadadebebi

abzacis Sua nawilis winadadebebSi moyvanilia damatebiTi informa-
cia Tematur winadadebaSi asaxuli mTavari ideis Sesaxeb: magaliTebi,
faqtebi monacemebi, detalebi, romlebic adasturebs Tematur wina-
dadebaSi gamoTqmul azrs. mag., zemoT mocemuli Tematuri winadadebi-
saTvis damatebiT informaciad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT statistikuri mo-
nacemebi, konkretuli damatebiTi informacia, esa Tu is konkretuli
faqti, misT.
adekvaturi damxmare winadadebebis dasawerad Tematur winadadebas
unda davusvaT SekiTxva. esaa erT-erTi yvelaze martivi gza Tematu-
ri winadadebis damxmare winadadebebis dasawerad. mag.: a) Tematuri
winadadeba: `saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa saSualo saqorwino asaki mkveT
rad gaizarda bolo aTi wlis manZilze~. SekiTxvebi: ris safuZvelze
vaskvniT amas? ra monacemebs veyrdnobiT? rogoria saSualo saqor-
wino asaki dReisaTvis? rogori iyo saSualo saqorwino asaki aTi wlis
winaT? misT.; b) Tematuri winadadeba: `namdvil megobars sami Tvise-
ba gamoarCevs~. SekiTxvebi: kerZod, ra Tvisebebzea laparaki? romelia
pirveli, meore an mesame Tviseba?, misT.
146
nimuSi. abzacis Sua nawili: damxmare winadadebebi _ damatebiTi in-
formacia.
 saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad”
`saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT, 2012
wels daqorwinebuli moqalaqeebis saSualo asaki 25 wels Seadgenda.
es maCvenebeli bevrad dabali iyo aTi wlis winaT _ amave samsaxuris
informaciiT, 2002 wels daqorwinebulTa saSualo asaki 20 wels ar 2
aRemateboda~.
 saTauri: `namdvili megobari~.
1-li Tviseba (mag., SeuZlia saidumlos Senaxva)
me-2 Tviseba (mag., aris erTguli)
me-3 Tviseba (mag., yovelTvis mzadaa dasaxmareblad)
III. daskvniTi winadadeba

tradiciulad, daskvniTi winadadeba warmodgenilia abzacis bolo-
Si. daskvniTi winadadeba mkiTxvels Seaxsenebs abzacis ZiriTad ideas _
am mizniT daskvniT winadadebaSi gameorebulia Tematur winadadebaSi
gamoTqmuli azri sxva (Tematuri winadadebisagan gansxvavebuli) si-
tyvebis gamoyenebiT. xSir SemTxvevebSi, bolo winadadebaSi vxvdebiT
sityvebs an Sesityvebebs, romlebic gamoyenebulia abzacSi gatarebuli
azris Sesajameblad: àmgvarad~, àmdenad~, àqedan Cans, rom...~ `naTe-
lia, rom...~ ès magaliTebi gviCvenebs, rom...~
nimuSi. abzacis daskvniTi winadadeba.

saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad~.
àmdenad, sruliad aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa saSualo
saqorwino asaki ukanasknel aTwleulSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda~.

saTauri: `namdvili megobari~.
ài, is ZiriTadi Tvisebebi, romlebic namdvil megobars ganasxvavebs
cru megobrisagan~.
winadadebebis gadabma
abzacSi gaerTianebuli winadadebebi azrobrivad unda ebmodes erT-
maneTs. arsebobs winadadebebis gadabmis ori saxe: jaWvuri da para-
leluri.
jaWvuri gadabmis dros yoveli momdevno winadadeba agrZelebs,
aviTarebs an ganmartavs winamaval winadadebaSi gamoTqmul azrs. mag.,
`guSin speqtakli vnaxeT. speqtakli yvelas Zalian mogvewona~.
moyvanil winadadebebSi laparakia erTsa da imave saganze _ speqtak-
lze. tavtologiis Tavidan asacileblad meore winadadebaSi saerTo
147
sagnis aRmniSvneli sityva SeiZleba Canacvldes sinonimiT an nacval-
saxeliT. mag.,
o `guSin speqtakli vnaxeT. igi yvelas Zalian mogvewona~.
o `guSin speqtakli vnaxeT. warmodgena yvelas Zalian mogvewona~.
paraleluri gadabmis SemTxvevaSi winadadebebi erTmaneTTan Tematu
radaa dakavSirebuli. gadabmis es saxeoba xSirad gamoiyeneba aRweriT
teqstebSi. magaliTad: `mze nel-nela Zalas ikrebda. gaRma ferdobze
cxvris fara gamoCnda. uceb avtomanqanis sayviris xma gavigoneT~.
SesaZlebelia winadadebebis gadabmis am ori saxis kombinirebac,
rodesac avtori, saWiroebidan gamomdinare, erTi abzacis farglebSi
iyenebs rogorc jaWvur, ise paralelur gadabmas (mag., jaWvuri gadab-
mis mqone TxrobiT teqstSi `CarTavs~ mokle aRweras, romelSic gamo
yenebulia paraleluri gadabma).
logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi20

abzacSi gaerTianebuli winadadebebi xSirad erTmaneTTan dakavSire-
bulia calkeuli sityvebiT Tu enobrivi konstruqciebiT, romlebSic
asaxulia logikuri kavSirebi abzacSi gaerTianebul winadadebebs So-
ris. es sityvebia: magaliTad, amdenad, amas garda, meorec, Semdeg, upir
veles yovlisa, Tumca, dasasrul, meorec, aqedan gamomdinare da a.S.
amgvari `gadasvlebi~ Zalze uadvilebs mkiTxvels teqstSi mocemuli
sxvadasxva informaciis aRqmas, maT Soris arsebuli kavSirebisa da
mimarTebebis gageba-gaazrebas.
dabolos, xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos Semdegi: maswavlebeli unda daex-
maros moswavleebs imis gacnobierebaSi, rom maT weris dawyebamde unda
SeimuSaon konkretuli idea, radgan nebismieri Txzuleba _ mxatvruli
Tu aramxatvruli, ar warmoadgens abzacebis meqanikur gaerTianebas.
calkeul abzacebs aerTianebs erTi konkretuli saerTo idea.
abzacis saxeebi
TxrobiTi abzaci
tradiciulad, TxrobiT abzacSi movlenebi aRwerilia droiTi Tana
mimdevrobis dacviT _ pirvelad moxsenebulia faqti an movlena, ro-
melic moxda Txrobis dasawyisSi, meore adgilzea faqti an movlena,
romelic mohyva mas da a.S. TxrobiT teqsts sxvagvarad naratiul
teqstsac uwodeben (laT. sityvidan narratio _ Txroba).
movlenaTa droiTi Tanamimdevrobis gadmosacemad am tipis abzaceb-
20
amasTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT, zepiri gamosvla, `logikuri
mimarTebebi~.
148
Si gamoiyeneba Semdegi sityvebi da/an frazebi: jer, Tavdapirvelad/
pirvelad, Tavidan/sul Tavidan; dasawyisSi, mogvianebiT, Semdeg, cota
xanSi/cota xnis Semdeg, mere, male; axla, amasobaSi, Semdeg; bolos/sul
bolos, dasasrul, did xans ar gauvlia..., amis Semdeg, ...-(i)s dawyebamde,
pirvel dRes, meore dRes, misT. tradiciulad, TxrobiTi teqstis ab-
zacebi droiTi Tanamimdevrobis Sesabamisad aris organizebuli.
2
aRweriTi abzaci
aRweriTi, anu deskripciuli (laT. sityvidan descriptio -aRwera) ab-
zaci aRwers vinmes an raimes _ movlenas, sagans, adgils, gamocdile-
bas (realurs an mogonils), sxv. igi gadmogvcems, kerZod, aRsaweri
obieqtis garegnul iersaxes, fers, surnels, xmianobas, qcevas, xasi-
aTis Tvisebebsa da sxv. am tipis teqstebis mizania, mkiTxvelma cxadad,
TvalnaTliv warmoidginos aRsaweri obieqti. amitomaa, rom aRweriT
teqstebs sityvier suraTebsac uwodeben.
aRweriTi teqstis abzacebSi, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba sivrculi or-
ganizaciuli yalibi, romelic aRsawer obieqts warmogvidgens sivrce-
Si misi mdebareobis mixedviT. am yalibis gamoyenebisas avtoris ga-
dasawyvetia, konkretulad, ra mimdevrobiT unda warimarTos aRwera,
vTqvaT: avtoris xedvis kuTxidan marcxnidan marjvniv Tu piriqiT; qve-
modan zemoT Tu piriqiT; garedan SigniT Tu piriqiT; axlodan Sors Tu
piriqiT, sxv. mag., Tuki teqstSi aRwerilia oTaxi (mag., weriTi davaleba
`Cemi oTaxi~), avtors SeuZlia aRweros jer is nivTebi, romlebic oTax-
is karidan marcxnivaa ganlagebuli, Semdeg _ marjvniv ganlagebuli
(an piriqiT _ aRweros jer marcxniv ganlagebuli nivTebi, Semdeg _
marjvniv ganlagebuli). ama Tu im xedis aRweris dros (mag., weriTi
davaleba `xedi Cemi oTaxis fanjridan~) ki avtors SeuZlia aRweros
jer is sagnebi, romlebic moCans yvelaze Sors, Semdeg TandaTanobiT
gadmoanacvlos Txroba im sagnebze, romlebic ufro axloa mTxro-
belTan (an piriqiT _ aRweros jer axlomdebare sagnebi).
sivrculi organizaciuli yalibis mqone aRweriTi abzacebis Sed-
genisas gamoiyeneba Semdegi sityvebi da frazebi: SuaSi/centrSi, mar-
jvniv, marcxniv, win, ukan, SigniT, gareT, ...-is gverdiT, ...-is Tavze, ...-is
qvemoT, ...-is Sua/Soris, ...-is gaswvriv, Sors, axlos, misT.
aRweriTi abzacis Tematuri winadadeba. Tematur winadadebaSi
aucileblad unda dasaxeldes Tema, SemomsazRvreli idea ki unda iZle-
odes zogad STabeWdilebas aRsawer obieqtze.
nimuSi:
 `saxli namdvili cixesimagrea garesamyarosagan Tavdasacavad~.
 àvtobusiT mgzavroba pikis saaTebSi mZime gamocdaa adamianis
nervuli sistemisaTvis~.
 `Cveni skolis bufeti Sesvenebaze futkrebis skas waagavs~.
149
aRweriTi abzacis damxmare winadadebebi. isini gadmogvcemen de-
talebs, rac gulisxmobs aRsaweri obieqtis/obieqtebis garegnuli niS-
nebis, Tvisebebis, sxv. aRweras konkretuli detalis/detalebis Cven-
ebiT. detalebi exmareba mkiTxvels, ufro naTlad warmoidginos aR-
saweri obieqti, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki daarwmunos mkiTxveli teq
stSi asaxuli movlenis utyuarobaSi. sruli aRwerisas gamoyenebuli
detalebi unda miemarTebodes adamianis xuT grZnobas (smenas, mxedve-
lobas, Sexebas, ynosvas, gemos). mkiTxvelma unda warmoidginos, rogor
gamoiyureba aRsaweri obieqti, rogori surneli, xmianoba Tu gemo aqvs
mas da a.S.
gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: marTalia, detalebi Sinaarsobrivad
ufro amdidrebs teqsts, magram maTma gadmocemam metismetad ar unda
gagvitacos _ saWiroa gvaxsovdes, rom teqstis erT-erT aucilebel
maxasiaTebels misi mTlianoba warmoadgens. es ki niSnavs, rom teqstis
TiToeuli winadadeba mTavar Temas, ZiriTad ideas unda ukavSirde-
bodes.
damarwmunebeli abzaci
damarwmunebeli abzacis mizania, daarwmunos mkiTxveli avtoris
Tvalsazrisis marTebulobaSi, risTvisac aucilebelia dasabuTeba ar-
gumentebis moSveliebiT. argumentebi sxvadasxva saxis SeiZleba iyos:
magaliTebi literaturuli, piradi da/an sxvisi gamocdilebidan, Sesa-
bamisi faqti/faqtebi, statistikuri monacemebi, logikaze dafuZnebu-
li argumentebi. mkiTxvelis darwmunebis mizniT iyeneben agreTve iseT
xerxebs, romlebic zemoqmedebs mkiTxvelis emociebsa da/an fsiqikaze.
argumentirebuli weris dros avtorma unda aCvenos, rom misi pozi-
cia gaazrebulia da kargadaa awon-dawonili. amisaTvis efeqturi iqne-
ba sawinaaRmdego poziciis argumentis/argumentebis moyvana da maTi
uaryofa / xarvezebis warmoCena.
logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli abzaci

logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli abzaci warmoaCens sxvadasxva saxis
logikur Sesabamisobas (mizezSedegobriobas, gvarsaxeobriobas da a.S.)
sagnebs/movlenebs Soris, gansazRvravs ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs da maT
urTierTmimarTebebs, misT.
ideebis logikuri Sesabamisoba aris organizaciuli yalibi, rome-
lic gulisxmobs Temis dayofas calkeul maxasiaTeblebad, Semdeg ki
TiToeuli maTganis cal-calke ganxilvas.
am saxis abzacis Tematuri winadadeba unda asaxavdes saTanado logi-
kur Sesabamisobas.
nimuSi:
 `karg maswavlebels sami Tviseba gamoarCevs~.
150
 `patara qalaqSi cxovrebas mravali upiratesoba aqvs~.
 `Zveli berZnuli keramikuli nawarmi or ZiriTad jgufad iyofa~.
zemoT moyvanil pirvel da mesame Tematur winadadebebSi gamoTqmu-
li azris gasagrZeleblad dasaxelebuli Tvisebebi, maxasiaTeblebi Tu
nawilebi saTiTaod unda iyos ganxiluli. rac Seexeba meore winadade-
bas, sakmarisi iqneba, Tuki ganvixilavT sams mainc.
am organizaciuli yalibis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi gamosadegia Sem- 2
degi enobrivi konstruqciebi: upirveles yovlisa, magaliTad, kerZod,

meore jgufia, pirveli upiratesoba, garda amisa, aseve/agreTve da
misT. sasurvelia, rom TiToeuli es mosazreba ganvamtkicoT damatebi-
Ti detalebiT (mag., Rirebulebis, mogebis, sargeblianobis, procentu-
li wilis da a.S. Sesaxeb).
logikuri mamarTebebis Semcveli abzaci, tradiciulad, mTavrdeba
erTgvari daskvniT an SejamebiT (mokled, amdenad, amitom, amgvarad,
cxadia, misT.).
kargad Sedgenili logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli abzacis erT-er-
Ti umniSvnelovanesi parametria misi Tanamimdevruloba. es niSnavs, rom
erTi winadadeba meoreze bunebrivad gadadis, rac mkiTxvels Zalze
uadvilebs teqstis aRqmas. Tanamimdevruloba SeiZleba gamoikveTos
saTanado sityvebiT an frazebiT: Tavdapirvelad, meore mxriv, rom Se-
vajamoT, sxv. zogierTi maTganis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia droiTi an
sivrculi Tanamimdevrulobis aRweris drosac.
mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebebis amsaxveli abzacis mizania, auxsnas
mkiTxvels, ratom moxda esa Tu is faqti/movlena, sxv., aCvenos mas,
rogor moqmedebs an ra zegavlenas axdens erTi sagani Tu movlena meo-
reze. mizezSedegobrivi abzaci iwyeba Tematuri winadadebiT, romelic
awvdis mkiTxvels informacias imis Sesaxeb, raze iqneba abzaci foku-
sirebuli _ mizezze Tu Sedegze (mag., mizezi: `globaluri daTboba
Cveni epoqis erT-erTi mwvave problemaa, romelsac ganapirobebs sami
ZiriTadi mizezi~; Sedegi: `globaluri daTboba Cveni epoqis erT-erTi
mwvave problemaa, romelic mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens klimatur
movlenebze~)21.
sainstruqcio abzaci
sainstruqcio abzaci proceszea fokusirebuli da agviwers, rogor
unda ganvaxorcieloT esa Tu is procesi, SevasruloT raime qmedeba.
imisaTvis, rom procesi naTeli gaxdes teqstis mkiTxvelisaTvis, igi
unda daiyos saTanado etapebad da aRiweros cal-calke, droiT Tana-
21
damatebiT ix. agreTve qvemoT `mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis amsaxveli ese~.
151
mimdevrobaze dayrdnobiT (Tavdapirvelad vakeTebT amas, Semdeg amas,
... sul bolos amas). am tipis teqstebs xSirad vxvdebiT sxvadasxva pro-
duqtis SefuTvis qaRaldze, kulinariul receptebSi, sxv.
sainstruqcio abzaci iwyeba Tematuri winadadebiT, romelic mkiTx-
vels acnobs Temas da sTavazobs mas, gaecnos mTliani procesis Ti-
Toeul etaps (proceduras).
nimuSi. sainstruqcio abzacis Tematuri winadadebebi:
 `gemrieli da noyieri gufTis momzadeba Zneli ar aris, Tuki
gaiTvaliswinebT am rCevebs~.
 `sakarnavalo niRbis dasamzadeblad ase unda moiqceT~.
amis Semdeg Tematuri winadadeba grZeldeba winadadebebiT, romleb-
Sic detaluradaa aRwerili TiToeuli nabiji droiT Tanamimdevrobaze
dayrdnobiT.
sainstruqcio abzacis bolo winadadeba SeiZleba iyos an bolo nabi-
ji (da teqsti amiT mTavrdebodes), an Sedegis Cveneba (mag., `wamoaduReT
2-3 wuTi~ an `da ai, gemrieli da surnelovani gufTac mzadaa~).
msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci

msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci iwereba ori an meti sagnis,
movlenis, faqtis, pirovnebis, sxv. Sedarebis safuZvelze. SesaZlebe-
lia, am tipis teqsti fokusirebuli iyos ori an meti sagnis msgavsebaze
an gansxvavebaze; SesaZlebelia, erTdroulad iyos saubari msgavseba-
zec da gansxvavebaze.
am tipis teqstebis Sedgenisas, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba ori organi-
zaciuli yalibi: a) msgavseba-gansxvavebis blokebi; b) nabij-nabij aR-
wera qveTemebis mixedviT. maTi arCeva avtoris nebazea damokidebuli
(mizanSewonilebis gaTvaliswinebiT).
davuSvaT, saWiroa dadgindes, ra msgavseba-gansxvavebebia or sa-
konditro firmas Soris. pirveli saorganizacio yalibis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi orive firmis yvela msgavsi maxasiaTebeli jgufdeba erTad
da erTi mTliani blokis (msgavsebebis bloki) saxiT aisaxeba teqstSi;
Semdeg erTad dajgufdeba am sawarmoTa yvela ganmasxvavebeli niSani da
iqmneba `gansxvavebaTa~ bloki.
meore yalibis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi unda ganisazRvros qveTemebi
(Sesadarebeli obiqtebis calkeuli maxasiaTeblebi). Semdeg am qveTe-
mebis mixedviT dajgufdeba msgavsebebi da gansxvavebebi. mag., zemoT
naxsenebi sakonditro firmebis Sedarebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gamoi-
yos iseTi qveTemebi, rogorebicaa: produqciis saSualo Rirebuleba,
produqciis xarisxi, momsaxurebis xarisxi da sxv. Semdeg ki aRiweros,
ra msgavseba-gansxvavebaa am qveTemebis mixedviT. sqematurad aRniSnuli
yalibebi Semdegnairad SeiZleba gamoisaxos:
152
nimuSi.
msgavseba-gansxvavebis abzaci. organizaciuli yalibebi:
a)
 msgavsebaTa bloki
 gansxvavebaTa bloki
2
b)
 produqciis saSualo Rirebuleba
(msgavsebebi, gansxvavebebi)
 produqciis xarisxi
 momsaxurebis xarisxi
msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzacis Tematuri winadadeba unda

asaxelebdes Temas, agreTve, migviTiTebdes msgavseba-gansxvavebis kri-
teriumebze. magaliTad: `sakonditro firmis produqciis yidvis dros
gasaTvaliswinebelia 3 ZiriTadi faqtori~. daskvniTi winadadeba SeiZ
leba ajamebdes Sedarebis Sedegebs, magaliTad, àmdenad, pirveli sa-
konditro firma ori ZiriTadi faqtoriT _ produqciis xarisxiTa
da momsaxurebis xarisxiT bevrad aRemateba meores~. SesaZlebelia,
daskvniT winadadebas hqondes erTgvari rekomendaciis saxec: àmdenad,
vfiqrob, ukeTesi iqneba, Tuki momxmareblebi SeiZenen pirveli sakon-
ditro firmis nawarms~.22
gansazRvrebiTi abzaci
gansazRvrebiTi abzaci ganmartavs raimes da xsnis mis mniSvnelobas.
gansazRvrebiTi tipis teqstebs ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, saleqsikono
statiebi.
gansazRvrebiTi abzacis Tematuri winadadeba unda Seicavdes 3 saxis
informacias. kerZod, masSi dasaxelebuli unda iyos:
1. sityva, sagani, romelic unda ganmartoT an ganvsazRvroT (Tema);
2. kategoria, gvari, romelsac miekuTvneba gansamartavi an gansa-
sazRvravi sityva, sagani;
3. damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebiTac gansamartavi si-
tyva (an gansasazRvravi sagani) gansxvavdeba Sesabamisi kategoriis an
gvaris sxva wevrebisagan.
22
literaturuli nawarmoebebis Seswavlisas amgvari organizaciuli yalibebi
SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, mag., personaJebis SedarebiTi daxasiaTebisas.
153
nimuSis saxiT moviyvanT gansazRvrebiTi teqstis Tematuri wina-
dadebis magaliTs. frCxilebSi Casmuli cifrebi migviTiTebs, ra saxis
informacias Seesatyviseba konkretuli sityva an winadadebis nawili.
(1) dedamiwa
aris
(2) mzis sistemis planeta,
(3) romelzedac arsebobs organuli sicocxle.
rogorc vxedavT, SeTavazebul winadadebaSi:

1. dasaxelebulia sagani (dedamiwa);
2. dasaxelebulia gvari (sistema, romlis nawilicaa dedamiwa);
3. dasaxelebulia sagnis (dedamiwis) ganmasxvavebeli niSan-Tviseba
(am sistemis sxva planetebze organuli sicocxle ar arsebobs).
weriTi namuSevrebi
tradiciuli weriTi namuSevari, romelsac eses vuwodebT, sami naw-
ilisagan Sedgeba. es nawilebia: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili, daskvna23.
TiToeuli maTgani, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba abzacebisagan, romlebic age-
buli unda iyos zemoT ganxiluli principebis gaTvaliswinebiT24. ese
ar warmoadgens abzacebis meqanikur gaerTianebas. misi aucilebeli
maxasiaTeblebia mTlianoba da azrobrivi Sesabamisoba (anu igive maxa
siaTeblebi, romlebic aucilebelia abzacebisaTvisac). es gulisxmobs,
rom: a) eses abzacebs Soris unda iyos Tematuri erTianoba; b) eses ab-
zacebi azrobrivad unda Seesabamebodnen erTmaneTs. TiToeuli abzaci,
Tavis mxriv, unda akmayofilebdes mTlianobisa da azrobrivi Sesabami-
sobis moTxovnebs.
gaazrebuli weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad sakmarisi ar aris
calkeuli, Tundac kargad struqturirebuli abzacebis Sedgena: mniS-
23
tradiciuli 5-abzaciani ese struqturulad am models eyrdnoba: Sesavali _
1 abzaci, ZiriTadi nawili _ 3 abzaci, daskvniTi nawili _ 1 abzaci. aqve gvsurs
aRvniSnoT, rom winamdebare gzamkvlevSi sxvadasxva saxis eses struqturisa da
organizaciuli yalibis mimoxilvisas veyrdnobiT saskolo eses tradiciul
formats.
24
ix. zemoT, qveTavi ”abzacis struqtura”.
154
vnelovania, rom es abzacebi izolirebuli ar iyos erTmaneTisagan.
amisTvis avtors gaazrebuli unda hqondes, ra kavSiria calkeul ab-
zacebs Soris da mkiTxvelisaTvisac TvalsaCino gaxados es kavSiri
_ gamokveTos makavSirebeli sityvebis/frazebis gamoyenebiT (mag., am
dadebiTi mxareebis garda, ...-s aqvs ori uaryofiTi mxarec; ...-s kidev
erT uaryofiT mxares warmoadgens...; meore mxriv...; misT.).
Sesavali nawili _ Sesavali nawili eses pirvel abzacs warmoadgens 2
(esaa wamyvani abzaci25, romelic SeiZleba aerTianebdes 4-5 an met wina-
dadebas). am nawilis amocanaa, moamzados mkiTxveli eses wasakiTxad,
miipyros mkiTxvelis yuradReba da daainteresos igi namuSevriT. Sesa
bamisad, SesavalSi vxvdebiT eseSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis aRsaqmelad
aucilebel informacias, agreTve Tezisis Semcvel winadadebas, ro-
melSic gamoxatulia namuSevris mTavari idea. eses danarCeni nawile-
bi azrobrivad aucileblad unda Seesatyvisebodes Tezisis Semcvel
winadadebas _ igia erTgvari kamertoni, romlis Sesabamisadac unda
àiwyos~ mTeli namuSevari. Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba asaxavs kon
kretuli xasiaTis mqone Tvalsazriss, romelic naTlad iqneba for-
mulirebuli adekvaturi leqsikisa da sxva enobrivi saSualebebis ga
moyenebiT. araefeqturia Tezisis saxiT Zalze zogadi debulebebis wa
moyeneba, radgan amgvarad mkiTxveli naTel warmodgenas ver Seiqmnis
namuSevris ZiriTad ideaze.26 Cveulebriv, Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba
abzacis boloSia xolme warmodgenili, Tumca, mizanSewonilebidan ga-
momdinare, avtors SeuZlia misi moTavseba dasawyisSic.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, Sesavlis erT-erT funqcias mkiTxvelis
daintereseba warmoadgens. amisTvis avtori, auditoriis gaTvalis-
winebiT, unda Seecados masalis miwodebas axali an uCveulo rakursiT,
axali an naklebad cnobili informaciis warmodgenas; sakiTxis aqtua-
lobis/simwvavis Cvenebas, sxv.27
Sesavali nawilis dasawerad iyeneben sxvadasxva strategias. avtors,
kerZod, SeuZlia daiwyos:
a) narativiT, TxrobiTi pasaJiT _ avtori mogviTxrobs saTanado
faqts/ambavs piradi gamocdilebidan, gadmogvcems faqts/ambavs, rom-
lis Sesaxebac Seityo sxva pirisgan an masmediiT, sxv.
b) SekiTxviT/SekiTxvebis seriiT _ sxartad formulirebuli erTi
an meti SekiTxva mkiTxvelis provocirebis efeqtur saSualebas war-
moadgens, badebs eses wakiTxvis survils _ mkiTxvels, bunebrivia,
aqvs molodini, rom pasuxs am saintereso kiTxvaze eseSi ipovis.
g) zogadi informaciiT _ mimoxilviTi saxis informaciis miwodeba,
25
terminebi: wamyvani abzaci, damatebiTi abzaci gvxvdeba esg-Si. ix. qarT. VII. 9. ,
indikatori 4.
26
Sdr. zemoT, `mimarTuleba: wera, abzaci, Tematuri winadadeba~.
27
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. aqtivoba `vadgenT Tematur winadadebas~.
155
romelic moamzadebs mkiTxvels eseSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis aRsaqmelad
da gasaazreblad.
d) citatiT _ namuSevris Temisa Tu masSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Se
saferisi, gonivrulad SerCeuli citatis, gamonaTqvamis, misT. gamo
yenebiT avtori warmatebiT SeZlebs mkiTxvelis yuradRebis mipyrobas,
gansaxilveli sakiTxis masStabisa da/an mniSvnelobis warmoCenas.
ZiriTadi nawili _ am nawilSi, tradiciulad, warmodgenilia 1-3 ab-
zaci. TiToeul maTganSi, Sesabamisad, ganxilulia eses TemasTan daka-
vSirebuli calkeuli qveTemebi. ZiriTadi nawilis calkeul abzacSi,
rogorc wesi, ganixileba erTi qveTema.
daskvna _ daskvna, tradiciulad, moicavs erT abzacs, romelic war-
modgenilia eses boloSi. am nawilSi Sejamebulia / mokledaa mimoxilu-
li ZiriTad nawilSi ganxiluli qveTemebi. aqvea warmodgenili daskvni
Ti winadadeba, romelic Seajamebs an sxva sityvebiT imeorebs Teziss.
Sesabamisoba abzacsa da eses Soris _ maswavlebelma sawyis etapzeve
unda gamokveTos is Sesabamisoba, romelic arsebobs abzacsa da eses
Soris, gaacnobierebinos moswavleebs, rom abzaci, faqtobrivad, eses
mini-models warmoadgens.
sqematuri saxiT Sesabamisoba esesa da abzacebs Soris amgvarad SeiZ
leba gamovsaxoT:
ese da abzaci _ mimarTebaTa sqema
156
2
157
sqemaze cxadad Cans, rom abzaci aris eses erTgvari minimodeli,
romelic mgavs principebzea agebuli, kerZod: eses msgavsad, abzacSi
warmodgenilia erTi mTavari idea da daskvna. amzacis mTavari idea ga-
moTqmulia Tematur winadadebaSi, romelsac konkretuli informaciiT
(detalebiT, magaliTebiT, monacemebiT, faqtebiT, misT.) adasturebs
abzacis danarCeni winadadebebi. mTeli es informacia erTgvarad Se-
jamebulia an gameorebulia daskvniT winadadebaSi, romelic asrulebs
abzacs. logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi ex-
mareba mkiTxvels, azrobrivad misdios abzacis ganviTarebas.
Sejamebis saxiT wamovadgenT eses ZiriTadi nawilebis gegmas.
Sesavali _ eses I abzaci. masSi gamoTqmulia mTavari idea, anu Tezisi.
ZiriTadi nawili: 1-3 abzaci. maTi mizania Tezisis dadastureba
(Tezisis damadasturebeli informaciis warmodgena).

ZiriTadi nawilis I abzaci _ Seicavs Tematur winadadebas (ro-
melSic gamoTqmulia TezisTan dakavSirebuli pirveli mosazre-
ba), masSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis damadasturebel informaciasa
da daskvniT winadadebas, romelic mWidro kavSirSia aRniSnuli
abzacis Tematur winadadebasTan.

ZiriTadi nawilis II abzaci _ Seicavs Tematur winadadebas (ro-
melSic gamoTqmulia TezisTan dakavSirebuli meore mosazreba),
am ukanasknelis damadasturebel informaciasa da daskvniT wina-
dadebas, romelic mWidro kavSirSia aRniSnuli abzacis Tematur
winadadebasTan.

ZiriTadi nawilis III abzaci _ Seicavs Tematur winadadebas (ro-
melSic gamoTqmulia TezisTan dakavSirebuli mesame mosazreba),
am ukanasknelis damadasturebel informaciasa da daskvniT wina-
dadebas, romelic mWidro kavSirSia aRniSnuli abzacis Tematur
winadadebasTan.
daskvna _ 1 abzaci. igi Seicavs daskvniT winadadebas, romelic sxva si-
tyvebiT imeorebs Teziss an Seajamebs mTavar ideas/Teziss. aqve SeiZle-
ba iyos warmodgenili avtoris Semajamebeli SeniSvnebi, rekomendacia,
varaudi movlenebis mosalodneli ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, misT.
abzacebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba _ eses sxvadasxva nawilebs/pasa
Jebs Soris arsebuli mimarTebebis saCveneblad, abzacebis erTmaneT-
Tan dasakavSireblad Tu eses mTlianobis gamosakveTad gamoiyeneba
logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi, romlebic,
mizanSewonilebis Sesabamisad, gamoiyeneba abzacebis dasawyisSi, SuaSi
an boloSi.28 es konstruqciebi exmareba mkiTxvels, misdios avtoris
azris msvlelobas.
28
amasTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT, ”mimarTuleba: wera, abzacis saxeobebi~.
158
weriTi namuSevrebis ZiriTadi saxeebi
tradiciuli saskolo ese, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, sami nawilisagan
Sedgeba. esenia: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna. rogorc wesi,
Sesavali da daskvniTi nawili TiTo-TiTo abzaciTaa xolme warmodge-
nili; ZiriTadi nawilis abzacebis raodenoba ki, dasaxuli miznisa da
amocanis Sesabamisad, SeiZleba sxvadasxva (1-3 abzaci an meti) iyos. im
SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ZiriTad nawils sami abzaci ukavia, miviRebT tradi- 2
ciul xuTabzacian eses (I abzaci _ Sesavali, II-IV abzacebi _ ZiriTadi
nawili, V abzaci _ Sesavali).
TxrobiTi ese _ TxrobiT teqstebs adamiani adreul bavSvobaSive
ecnoba xalxuri Tu literaturuli zRaprebis saxiT. esaa teqstis
erT-erTi yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli saxeoba. istoriebi, nara-
tiuli biografiebi da avtobiografiebi TxrobiT teqstebis saxeobas
ganekuTvneba. xSir SemTxvevebSi TxrobiTi xasiaTi aqvs radioTi da/an
televiziiT gadmocemul axal ambebsac.
Txrobis mizania ambis/ambebis gadmocema, konkretuli STabeWdilebi-
sa Tu ganwyobis Seqmna. Txrobisas saWiroa gamoviyenoT cocxali,
metyveli detalebi, romlebic mkiTxvelis Tvalwin gaacocxlebs gad-
mocemul ambavs (igive amocana dgas avtoris winaSe aRweriTi teqstis
Seqmnis drosac. amis Taobaze ix. qvemoT).
TxrobiT eseSi movlenebi, ZiriTadad, qronologiuri Tanamimdevro-
bis dacviTaa mowodebuli. 29 Tumca Txrobis miznis Sesabamisad SesaZ
lebelia sxva variantebis gamoyenebac, magaliTad, mkiTxvelis dain
teresebis mizniT avtorma Txroba SeiZleba daiwyos ambis bolodan an
Sua nawilidan (anu im faqtiT/movleniT, romelic qronologiurad aR-
werili ambis SuaSi an boloSi moxda). imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvels gauad-
vildes gadmocemuli ambis aRqma, saWiroa saTanado logikuri mimarTe-
bebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebisa da zmnuri droiTi formebis
gamoyeneba.
TxrobiTi ese mogviTxrobs pirovnebis unikaluri, individualu-
ri gamocdilebis (Tavs gadaxdenili ambis, gancdilis, misT.) Sesa
xeb. rac ufro metyvelia detalebi, cocxlad aris aRwerili yofiTi
situaciebi, bunebrivia avtoris Txrobis manera, miT ufro sainteresoa
ese mkiTxvelebisaTvis. rogorc aRiniSna, am saxis eseebis weris dros
yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba qronologiuri organizaciuli yalibi, ro-
melic movlenebs droiTi Tanamimdevrobis dacviT gadmogvcems. am-
29
TxrobiTi eseebis weris Sedegad ganviTarebuli unar-Cvevebi moswavleebs
gamoadgebaT ara mxolod literaturis gakveTilebze, aramed sxva sagnebis
Seswavlis drosac, mag., bunebismetyvelebis gakveTilebze, laboratoriuli cdis
werilobiT aRwerisas, radgan procesis aRweris yalibi Zalze waagavs Txrobis
yalibs _ orive maTgani droiT Tanamimdevrobazea dafuZnebuli; an istoriis
gakveTilze, rodesac moswavles evaleba, mag., werilobiT gadmosces ama Tu im
istoriuli piris cxovreba da a.S.
159
denad, sasurvelia, rom moswavleebs kargad hqondeT gacnobierebuli
naratiuli teqstebis am ùxilavi saaTis~ meqanizmis muSaobis princi-
pebi.
TxrobiTi ese, tradiciulad, Sedgeba sami nawilisagan. esenia: Sesa
vali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna. Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba, ro-
gorc wesi, pirvel nawilSia warmodgenili. ZiriTad nawilSi (Tuki eses
mizania movlenebis aRwera, raime ambis moyola mkiTxvelisTvis) mov-
lenebi umeteswilad warmodgenilia qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis
dacviT. Tumca, aqve unda gaviTvalsiwinoT, rom rig SemTxvevebSi, ama
Tu im konkretuli mizniT, avtorebi iyeneben e.w. `fleSbeqebsac~30 _
warsulSi gadanacvlebebs, anu retrospeqtiul epizodebs, rodesac
awyoSi mimdinare ambis Txrobisas avtori ixsenebs warsulSi momxdars.
daskvniT nawilSi sxva sityvebiTaa gameorebuli Tezisi an Sejamebulia
wina nawilebSi mowodebuli informacia.
dabolos, TxrobiTi eses werisas avtorma yuradReba unda miaqcios
imas, rom Txroba ar iyos monotonuri. amis riski ki namdvilad arsebobs
movlenebis jaWvis gadmocemisas. monotonurobis Tavidan acileba Se
saZlebelia sxvadasxvagvari sintaqsuri konstruqciebis gamoyenebiT31.
aRweriTi ese _ aRwera SeiZleba iyos ori saxisa: obieqturi da su
bieqturi. obieqturi aRweris dros avtoris yuradReba fokusirebu-
lia mTlianad aRweris obieqtze. misi mizania, aRweros sagani/movle-
na, sxv. maqsimaluri sizustiTa da obieqturobiT; dauxatos mkiTxvels
zedmiwevniTi suraTi; avtoris personaluri damokidebuleba obieq-
tis mimarT erTgvarad ignorirebulia. am tipis aRweras Zalze xSirad
iyeneben samecniero diskursSi, mag., fiziologiuri cvlilebebis aR
werisas, mikroskopSi danaxuli suraTis aRwerisas da misT. obieqturi
aRweris mizani, erTi SexedviT, TiTqosda martivia, magram misi miRweva
sakmaod Znelia. marTlac, avtorma SeiZleba moaxerxos distancireba
aRsaweri sagnisagan, magram misi subieqturoba aRwerisas maSinve war-
moCndeba, Tuki igi konkretulad erT romelime detalze gaamaxvilebs
yuradRebas, SearCevs an gamotovebs romelime maTgans aRwerisas, foku-
sirebuli iqneba erT romelime aspeqtze da misT.
subieqturi aRwera _ aRwers sagans/movlenas da a.S. avtoris
mimarTebis, STabeWdilebis, emociebis personaluri aRqmis CvenebiT.
am tipis aRwerisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mdidari leqsikis, mraval-
ferovani enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis gamoyeneba. avtori
Tamamad svams aqcentebs, warmoaCens sakuTari xedvis kuTxes, iyenebs
metaforebs, epiTetebs da sxva mxatvrul xerxebs piradi emociuri
30
ingl. Flashback (sityv. gaelveba/ganaTeba ukana mimarTulebiT) _ warsulis
naTeli, cxadi mogoneba. amgvari retrospeqtiuli CanarTebi xSirad gamoiyeneba
kinematografiaSi (mag., filmis gmiri ixsenebs bavSvobas an warsulSi momxdar
movlenas, sxv.).
31
damatebiT ix. zemoT, mimarTuleba: wera, `TxrobiTi abzaci~.
160
damokidebulebisa Tu STabeWdilebis gadmosacemad. amgvari aRweris
nimuSebs warmoadgens, mag., myinvarisa da Tergis aRwera ilia WavWava-
Zis TxzulebaSi `mgzavris werilebi~. praqtikaSi TiTqmis ar arsebobs
aRweris romelime tipi wminda saxiT. obieqturi aRwera xSirad iyenebs
subieqturi aRweris elementebs, subieqturi aRwera ki _ obieqturi
aRweris elementebs realobis gancdis, realurobasTan kavSiris gasaZ
liereblad. optimaluri iqneba, Tuki aRweris dros naweris miznis, Te- 2
misa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT daculi iqneba gonivruli balan-
si.
aRweriTi eses weris dros avtoris mizania, daanaxos mkiTxvels aR-
saweri obieqti cocxali, metyveli detalebis gadmocemiT. magaliTad,
STabeWdilebis gadmosacemad naklebad gamocdili mwerlebi xSirad
iyeneben iseT sityvebs, rogorebicaa: `mSvenieri~, `didebuli~, magram
efeqturi aRwerisaTvis sakmarisi ar aris, ubralod, imis Tqma, rom is,
rasac aRvwerT, didebulia. aRwera unda warimarTos imgvarad SerCeu-
li konkretuli detalebisa da enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT, rom mkiTxveli Tavad mivides am daskvnamde (is, rac avtor-
ma aRwera, didebulia).
aRweriTi ese iwyeba Sesavali nawiliT, romelSic warmodgenilia
Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba an gamokveTilia dominanturi STabeW
dileba, romlebic dakonkretdeba eses ZiriTad nawilSi warmodgeni-
li detalebiT. ZiriTadi nawilis detalebi unda Seesatyvisebodes
Sesaval nawilSi warmodgenil Teziss an dominantur STabeWdilebas.
daskvniT nawilSi SeiZleba xelaxla gameordes TezisSi gadmocemuli
azri an dominanturi STabeWdileba sxva sityvebis gamoyenebiT (mag.,
kargad mignebuli metaforis da/an sxva mxatvruli xerxis gamoyenebiT).
detalebis gadmocemisas aRweriT eseSi, rogorc wesi, iyeneben sivrcul
organizaciul yalibs.32
sainformacio ese _ informacias awvdis mkiTxvels ama Tu im kon
kretuli sagnis/Temis Sesaxeb. sainformacio eses amocanas warmoad-
gens raimes gansazRvra, klasificireba, informaciis Sejameba, msgav
seba-Sedarebis Sedegebis, mizezSedegobriobis Cveneba; ama Tu im
Temaze sakuTari poziciis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba. am saxis eseebi,
maTi mravalgvari funqciebis wyalobiT, farTod gamoiyeneba rogorc
zogadsaganmanaTleblo, ise umaRles skolaSi. amdenad, mniSvnelova-
nia, rom moswavleebs gasawafavad xSirad mivceT sainformacio eseebis
weris SesaZlebloba. es Zalze Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa kritikuli
azrovnebis ganviTarebas, kvleviTi da analitikuri muSaobisaTvis sa
Wiro unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas, biZgs miscems codnis integrirebis
process; dabolos, daexmareba moswavleebs akademiuri weris sabaziso
unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi.
32
am yalibis Sesaxeb ix. zemoT, mimarTuleba: wera, àRweriTi abzaci~.
161
sainformacio eseebi, ZiriTadad, fokusirebulia faqtebsa da maT
analizze, Tumca moswavleebma unda imuSaon im mimarTulebiTac, rom
maTi naSromi saintereso wasakiTxi gaxdes mkiTxvelisaTvis.
ganvixiloT sainformacio eseebis ZiriTadi saxeebi cal-calke.
 procesze fokusirebuli ese _ ganmartavs, rogor xdeba an rogor
keTdeba raime. masSi naCvenebia Tanamimdevruli nabijebi, romelsac
raime konkretul Sedegamde mivyavarT. TxrobiTis msgavsad, procesze
fokusirebul eseSi movlenebi qronologiuri mimdevrobis dacviTaa
xolme warmodgenili, magram misgan gansxvavebiT, es ukanaskneli war-
mogvidgens konkretul movlenaTa Tanamimdevrobas, romelsac erTsa
da imave Sedegamde mivyavarT nebismier SemTxvevaSi.
miznis Sesabamisad, procesze fokusirebuli ese SeiZleba warmoad-
gendes instruqciebis erTobliobas an aRwerdes raime process etapob
rivi Tanamimdevrobis CvenebiT.
imis gamo, rom am tipis eses mkiTxvelma SeiZleba TviTonac ga
imeoros procesi an misdios instruqcias, aucilebelia, rom avtors
zedmiwevniT zustad hqondes gamokveTili nabijebis Tanamimdevroba,
maTi urTierTmimarTeba da zusti warmodgena Seuqmnas mkiTxvels pro-
cesze, rogorc erT mTlianobaze. aqedan gamomdinare, udidesi mniS
vneloba eniWeba adekvaturi logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi
konstruqciebis gamoyenebas, agreTve qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis
cxadad gamokveTas.
sxva eseebis msgavsad, procesze fokusirebuli ese, tradiciulad,
sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. SesavalSi gansazRvrulia procesis arsi da
naCvenebia, rogor da/an ra viTarebaSi unda ganvaxorcieloT igi. aqve
SeiZleba movixsenioT: is masalebi da/an winaswari samuSaoebi, romlebic
aucilebelia procesisaTvis; procesis zogadi mimoxilva, misi ZiriTa-
di etapebi. amave nawilSi warmodgenilia Tezisis Semcveli winadadebac.
eses ZiriTadi nawilis calkeul abzacebSi asaxulia procesis TiToeu-
li etapi. daskvniT nawilSi (bolo abzacSi) ki SeiZleba sxva sityvebiT
gavimeoroT Tezisi an warmovadginoT procesis mokle Sejameba, Ziri
Tadi mimoxilva.33
 mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebebis amsaxveli ese _ gviCvenebs raime
movlenis/momxdari faqtis mizezebsa Tu Sedegebs, an orives erTad. Txro
biTi narativis msgavsad, mezezSedegobrivi ese ajgufebs movlenebsa da
situaciebs droiTi parametris Sesabamisad, romlis mixedviTac mizezebi
droSi win uswrebs Sedegebs34, Tumca mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis dad-
33
damatebiT ix. zemoT, qveTavi `sainstruqcio abzaci~.
34
gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: erTi movlena ar SeiZleba miviCnioT meoris
mizezad mxolod imis gamo, rom igi droSi win uswrebs am ukanasknels. am tipis
Secdomis Sesaxeb ix. zemoT, Tavi zepirmetyveleba, qveTavi 6.2. SesaZlo logikuri
Secdomebi argumentaciaSi.
162
gena ar gulisxmobs mxolod droiTi Sesabamisobis gansazRvras. aucile-
belia imis dadgenac, Tu ratom moxda raime, agreTve dasabuTebuli
varaudis gamoTqma imis Taobaze, Tu ra moxdeba momavalSi.
am saxis eseebze muSaobisas moswavleebi unda acnobierebdnen, rom
erT Sedegs zogjer SeiZleba ramdenime mizezi hqondes. mag., Sedegs _
`saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa Soris Zalze didia sazRvargareT wasvlis
msurvelTa ricxvi~ SeiZleba ganapirobebdes Semdegi mizezebi: a) ukeTe- 2
si ganaTlebis miRebis survili; b) xarisxiani samedicino momsaxurebiT
sargeblobis survili; g) materialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis sur-
vili; d) sazRvargareT myof ojaxis wevrTan/wevrebTan erTad cxovre-
bis survili da sxv. asevea mizezebis SemTxvevaSic _ SesaZlebelia, erTi
mizezi ramdenime Sedegs ganapirobebdes . mag., mizezs _ `saqarTveloSi
Zalze maRalia emigraciis done~ aqvs sxvadasxva Sedegi. negatiuri Sede-
gebidan SeiZleba davasaxeloT: a) demografiuli suraTis Secvla (mosax-
leobis Semcireba); b) qveynis ganviTarebis tempis Seferxeba; g) qveynis
biujetis Semcireba (sagadasaxado wilis Semcirebis xarjze), misT.
ramdenime mizezisa Tu Sedegis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelo-
vania dadgindes, romelia maT Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani (romelia
mTavari mizezi, romeli _ naklebad mniSvnelovani; romelia mTavari
Sedegi, romeli _ naklebad mniSvnelovani). zogjer es aSkaraa, zogjer
ki amis garkvevas sagangebo kvleva-Zieba sWirdeba. naTqvamis sailustra-
ciod ganvxiloT ori magaliTi: 1. `mSobelTa umravlesoba moiTxovs
mkacrad struqturirebuli gakveTilis Secvlas SedarebiT Tavisufa-
li struqturis mqone gakveTiliT, radgan igi moswavles aZlevs damou-
kideblad TamaSis, relaqsaciisa da SemoqmedebiTobis gamovlenis far-
To SesaZleblobebs~. CamoTvlili sami pozitiuri Sedegidan yvelaze
mniSvnelovnad mesame SeiZleba miviCnioT _ SemoqmedebiToba erT-erTi
yvelaze Rirebuli unaria da, Sesabamisad, mis ganviTarebaze zrunvas
meti mniSvneloba aqvs. 2. `saqarTveloSi emigraciis maRal dones ram-
denime mizezi ganapirobebs~. am SemTxvevaSi sagangebo mokvleva iqneba
saWiro imis gasarkvevad, Tu am mizezTagan romelia yvelaze arsebiTi.
amisaTvis SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, mag., statistikuri monacemebi da da-
vadginoT, ramdeni procenti midis saswavleblad, ramdeni _ samuSaod,
ramdeni _ sazRvargareT mcxovreb ojaxis wevrTan da a.S.
mizezebis jaWvi _ zogjer Sedegi SeiZleba TviTon gadaiqces sxva
movlenis mizezad, misi Sedegi ki, Tavis mxriv, mizezi gaxdes sxva mov-
lenisa da a.S. amgvar mimarTebebs mizezebis jaWvs uwodeben. grafiku-
lad es mimarTeba SeiZleba amgvarad gamovsaxoT:
163
A
mizezi B
Sedegi
(mizezi) C
Sedegi
(mizezi) D
Sedegi
(mizezi) E
Sedegi
da a.S.
sxva eseebis msgavsad, mizezSedegobriobis amsaxvel eses aqvs sami na

wili: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna. masalis organizebis Tval-
sazrisiT, eseSi arsebobs ramdenime SesaZlebloba: 1. qronolo giuri
mimdevrobis dacva _ Sedegebisa da mizezebis warmodgena im droiTi
Tanamimdevrobis Sesabamisad, romliTac isini gvevlinebian realoba-
Si; 2. dawyeba yvelaze mniSvnelovani mizeziT an SedegiT, gagrZeleba
naklebad mniSvnelovani mizezebiT an SedegebiT; 3. dawyeba naklebad
mniSvnelovani mizezebiT/SedegebiT da dasruleba yvelaze mniSvnelo-
vani mizezis/Sedegis warmoCeniT; 4. dawyeba cru, moCvenebiTi mizezebis
uaryofiT da dasruleba realuri mizezis CvenebiT. amas garda, Tuki
avtors surs pozitiuri Sedegebis xazgasma, mas SeuZlia dasawyisSi
mokled mimoixilos negatiuri Sedegebi, raTa Semdeg vrclad SeCerdes
pozitiur Sedegze/Sedegebze da piriqiT _ uaryofiTi Sedegebis xazga-
sasmelad dasawyisSi mokled unda mimoixilos dadebiTi Sedegebi, raTa
Semdeg meti yuradReba dauTmos uaryofiT Sedegebs. calkeuli weri-
Ti namuSevris Sedgenisas, mizanSewonilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, avtorma
Tavad unda gadawyvitos, masalis organizebis romeli xerxi iqneba
misTvis optimaluri.35
 msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli ese SesaZlebelia, fokusirebu-
li iyos ori an meti sagnis msgavsebaze an gansxvavebaze; SesaZlebelia,
erTdroulad iyos saubari msgavsebazec da gansxvavebaze (erTi mxriv,
riTi hgavs; meore mxriv, riT gansxvavdeba).
sasurvelia, rom moswavleebma kargad gaacnobieron Sedarebis
strategiebis mniSvneloba _ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samyaros adamiani,
ZiriTadad, Seimecnebs sagnebs/movlenebs/faqtebs Soris msgavseba-
gansxvavebebis dadgenis gziT. asevea yoveldRiur cxovrebaSic: optima
luri gadawyvetilebis misaRebad aucilebelia, erTmaneTs SevudaroT
da gaviazroT yvela SesaZlo alternativa. sad unda Cavabaro, biznesis
35
ix. agreTve zemoT, mimarTuleba: wera, `mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis amsaxveli
abzaci~.
164
menejmentis fakultetze Tu gamoyenebiTi maTematikis fakultetze?
romel universitetSia ukeTesi pirobebi ganaTlebis misaRebad? ro-
meli specialoba momcems dasaqmebis met SesaZleblobas? am da msgavs
SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gasacemad moswavleebs aucileblad mouwevT al-
ternatiuli variantebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba.
ama Tu im sagnis, faqtis an movlenis axsnis dros sakmaod xSirad
gamoiyeneba msgavsebis specifikuri forma, romelsac analogia ewode- 2
ba. analogiis gamoyenebis dros naklebad cnobili sagnis, obieqtis an
movlenis asaxsnelad mas udareben sxva, ufro kargad cnobil sagans,
faqts an movlenas.
msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli teqstis Sedgenisas, upirveles
yovlisa, aucilebelia imaSi darwmuneba, rom SedarebisaTvis sakmarisi
safuZveli arsebobs, anu Sesadarebel sagnebs/faqtebs/movlenebs, sxv.
aqvT raRac garkveuli saerTo safuZveli. mag., ZaRli da kata Zal-
ze gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, magram, amisda miuxedavad, maT aqvT
mniSvnelovani saerTo maxasiaTeblebi: oriveni arian xerxemlianebi, Zu-
Zumwovrebi; aqvT oTxi TaTi; miekuTvnebian Sinauri cxovelebis jgufs
da a.S. rom ara es saerTo maxasiaTeblebi, ar gveqneboda sakmarisi sa-
fuZveli maT Sesadareblad, rac niSnavs, rom bevri araferi iqnebo-
da gansaxilveli. rac ufro dacilebulia ori Sesadarebeli obieqti
erTmaneTisagan, miT ufro azrsmoklebulia maTi erTmaneTTan Sedare-
ba. marTlac, gana ra SeiZleba iTqvas im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki erTmaneTs
SevudarebT mag., elvasa da Wiqas? saerTo maT araferi aqvT, gansxvave-
bebi ki imdenia, rom maTi CamonaTvali TiTqmis usasrulod SeiZleba
gagrZeldes. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom am ori sag
nis erTmaneTTan Sedareba azrsmoklebulia.
nebismieri sxva tipis eses msgavsad, Sedarebaze fokusirebuli ese
Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi nawilisagan. esenia: Sesavali (I), ZiriTadi nawili
(II), daskvna (III).
Sedarebaze fokusirebuli teqstebis Sedgenisas, ZiriTadad, gamoi-
yeneba Sedarebis ori strategia: a) ori sagnis/movlenis/faqtis/Temis,
sxv. erTmaneTTan Sedareba; b) ori calkeuli maxasiaTeblis/Tvisebis
erTmaneTTan Sedareba. rogorc wesi, pirveli strategia gamoiyeneba im
SemTxvevaSi, Tuki eses mizania yvela msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis mTlia-
nobaSi Cveneba; meore ki maSin, Tuki saWiroa msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis
calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis xazgasma.36
 argumentirebuli ese _ am tipis naSromSi asaxulia avtoris
dasabuTebuli, argumentirebuli mosazreba ama Tu im problemur
sakiTxze. argumentacias avtori mimarTavs imisaTvis, rom: daarwmunos
mkiTxveli Tavisi poziciis marTebulobaSi; an, sul mcire, aCvenos, rom
36
damatebiT ix. agreTve zemoT, qveTavebi: `msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci~,
`msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli ese~.
165
misi pozicia dasabuTebuli, Rirebuli da angariSgasawevia; daicvas
Tavisi pozicia da Seecados sxvebis darwmunebas mis marTebulobaSi;
agreTve im mosazrebis uarsayofad, romelic mas mcdarad an saxifaTod
miaCnia.
gansxvaveba damarwmunebel da argumentirebul teqstebs Soris

damarwmunebeli teqsti Tanamedrove yofis ganuyofel nawils war-
moadgens. Cveni yoveldRiuroba, faqtobrivad, gajerebulia damar
wmunebeli teqstebis imgvari nimuSebiT, rogorebicaa sareklamo gancxa-
debebi, broSurebi, bukletebi da sxv.37
damarwmunebeli naweris ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens mkiTxvelis
darwmuneba avtoris Tvalsazrisis marTebulobaSi. am mizniT avtori
mimarTavs sxvadasxva strategias. aseTebia, magaliTad: logikuri ar-
gumentebis gamoyeneba, mkiTxvelSi garkveuli emociebis gaaqtiureba,
sakuTari kompetenturobis da/an poziciis obieqturobis naTelyofa,
gamoyenebuli wyaroebis, magaliTebis sarwmunoobis warmoCena da sxv.
imisaTvis, rom kargad gavacnobieroT gansxvaveba argumentirebul da
damarwmunebel nawerebs Soris, aucilebelia kargad gaviazroT dar
wmunebis strategiebis arsi.
darwmunebis strategiebi
argumentirebis da, zogadad, darwmunebis strategiebis ukeT gasaaz-
reblad, sasurvelia, moswavleebs Tundac zogadi warmodgena Sevuq
mnaT e.w. ritorikul samkuTxedze, romelic naTlad warmogviCens dar-
wmunebis strategiebis arsss da mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli Zveli berZe-
37
damarwmunebeli teqstebis Seswavla da maTi producireba (samodelo teqstze
dayrdnobiT), agreTve darwmunebis strategiebis gacnoba daexmareba moswavleebs,
gaacnobieron is xerxebi, romlebiTac am tipis teqstebis avtorebi cdiloben
mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebas da ganiviTaron kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebi.
msgavsi teqstebis Sesaqmnelad Zalze efeqturia gamWol kompetenciebze
dafuZnebuli midgomebis gamoyeneba da saswavlo gegmis sxvadasxva sagnis Seswavlis
Sedegad aTvisebuli codnis integrireba, mag.:
• mSobliuri qalaqis, soflis, regionis xalxuri legendebis, gadmocemebis,
folkloris, istoriis Seswavla da/an adgilobrivi muzeumis monaxulebis
Sedegad miRebuli informacia moswavleebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon tur-
istebisaTvis gankuTvnili broSuris, bukletis da a.S. Sesaqmnelad.
• bunebismetyvelebis Seswavlis Sedegad SeZenili codna adamianis orga-
nizmis Taviseburebebze, anatomiaze, fiziologiaze SeiZleba safuZvlad
daedos broSuras, buklets an plakats janmrTeli cxovrebis wesis dacvis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb.
• samoqalaqo ganaTlebis Seswavlis Sedegad SeZenili codna SeiZleba gam-
oyenebul iqnas broSuris, bukletis, plakatis da a.S. Sesaqmnelad samoqa-
laqo pasuxismgeblobis sxvadasxva aspeqtis Sesaxeb.
166
ni filosofosis, aristoteles moZRvrebasTan ritorikis Sesaxeb38 (ix.
qvemoT warmodgenili sqema)39.
sqema. ritorikuli samkuTxedi.
2
sarwmunooba _ sandooba
logika _ mTlianoba emocia _ warmosaxva
samkuTxedis sami wvero gamosaxavs logikas, sarwmunoobas da emo-

cias _ ìaraRebs~, romelTa gamoyenebiTac SesaZebelia adamianis dar-
wmuneba, masze zegavlenis moxdena (cxadia, aucilebeli ar aris, erT
nawerSi samive maTgani iyos gamoyenebuli).
qvemoT CamovTvliT ZiriTad saSualebebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba
damarwmunebel teqstebSi. esenia:
o sicxade – Tavisi Tvalsazrisi avtors cxadad, naTlad unda
hqondes gamokveTili.
o logika – moyvanili unda iyos saTanado faqtebi, monacemebi,
ricxvebi, analogiebi, magaliTebi. mag., „erTi Reri sigareti
Seicavs 6 mg. kuprs; 0, 5 mg. nikotins, 7 mg. mxuTav airs, rac sa-
zianoa janmrTelobisTvis“.
o emocia _ mkiTxvelSi garkveuli emociisa Tu gancdis (kmayo-
filebis, bednierebis, mwuxarebis, mrisxanebis, sxv.) aRZvra ar-
gumentaciis gasamyareblad, mkiTxvelis dasarwmuneblad. mag.,
„Tqven mier ganxorcielebuli erTi zari daexmareba mzunvelo-
bamoklebul bavSvebs, mxiarulad Sexvdnen axali wlis Rames da
miiRon saCuqrebi Tovlis papisagan“.
ix. aristotele, ritorika, ZvelberZnulidan Targman, Sesavali werili, SeniSvnebi

38
da saZiebeli daurTo T. kukavam, Tbilisi, 1981, gv. 36.

39
darwmunebis strategiebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT, `mimarTuleba:
zepirmetyveeleba, damarwmunebeli zepiri gamosvla~.
167
o sarwmunooba _ Tuki adamianebs sjeraT da swamT Tqveni, ufro
advilad SeZlebT maT darwmunebas. mag. `me iq viyavi da es yve-
laferi Cemi TvaliT vnaxe“ (ase rom Cemze ukeT aravin icis, ro-
gor moxda sinamdvileSi es yvelaferi).
o aqtualoba _ mkiTxvelis darwmuneba imaSi, rom sakiTxis mniS-
vnelobidan gamomdinare, saWiroa dauyovnebliv moqmedeba. mag.,
ìCqareT! grandiozuli fasdakleba mxolod 1 dRiT. SeiZineT
saqoneli eqskluziur fasad~.
o avtoritetebi _ gamoCenili adamianebis gamonaTqvamebis, brZnu-
li Segonebebis (sentenciebis), andazebis da misT. gamoyeneba meti
damajereblobisaTvis, argumentis gasamyareblad. mag., `rogorc
Zveli berZeni filosofosi platoni ambobda,…...~, àmasve gvas-
wavlis erTi Zveli qarTuli andaza: ...~.
o kvlevis Sedegebi _ kvlevebis monacemebis moSvelieba met sando
obas sZens teqstSi gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss. mag., àxlaxan Catare-
buli sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Sedegebi adasturebs, rom...~.
argumentirebuli eses werisas avtori, ZiriTadad, eyrdnoba logi-

kas da fokusirebulia logikur argumentebze. damarwmunebel nawerSi
ki, mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis mizniT, avtori aqtiurad iyenebs sxvada
sxva xerxs imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvelSi aRZras garkveuli emocia. esaa is
ZiriTadi gansxvaveba, romelic Tavs iCens am tipis nawerebis erTmaneT-
Tan Sedarebisas.
praqtikaSi xSirad mkveTrad ar aris gamijnuli zRvari am ori tipis
nawers Soris _ mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis mosaxdenad avtorebi erT-
droulad iyeneben sxvadasxva saxis argumentebs (gamonakliss warmoad-
gens samecniero diskursi, romelic rogorc wesi, mTlianad logikur
argumentacias efuZneba). maswavlebelma, mTavaria, yuradReba gaamax-
vilos imaze, rom gansaxilveli sakiTxi kargad iyos moswavlis mier
gaazrebuli, moyvanili iyos saTanado argumentebi da damxmare masala
(faqtebi, magaliTebi, statistikuri da/an sxv. saxis monacemebi, misT.).
argumentirebuli eses werisas mniSvnelovania, avtorma warmoid
ginos realuri auditoria, Seecados gaiazros, rogori moTxovne-
bi, Sexedulebebi, pozicia SeiZleba hqondeT mis mkiTxvelebs40. am
faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT avtori ufro mizanmimarTulad imuSavebs
da warmatebiT gaarTmevs Tavs dasaxul amocanas.
avtoris mier SerCeuli argumentebi unda Seesabamebodes mis pozi-
cias da iyos reprezentatiuli. es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs, rom avtors
calkeul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT warmodgenili unda hqondes yvela mniS-
40
damatebiT ix. zemoT, maslous adamianis moTxovnilebaTa piramida (III Tavi,
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, # 2).
168
vnelovani mxaris mosazreba: mag., cxovelebis viviseqciaze41 msjelobisas
unda moiyvanos ara mxolod cxovelTa dacvis sazogadoebebis warmomad-
genelTa mosazreba, aramed mecnier-eqsperimentatorebis, eqimebisa da
avadmyofebis Tvalsazrisic. dabolos, Tavisi poziciis dasadastureb-
lad avtors argumentebi sakmarisi raodenobiT unda hqondes moyvanili.
argumentebis moyvanis dros avtors SeuZlia gamoiyenos dasabuTebis
ori meTodi: deduqciuri da induqciuri. pirveli meTodis gamoyenebis 2
SemTxvevaSi dasabuTeba iwyeba zogadi debulebidan da mTavrdeba kon
kretuli daskvniT (mag., gansazRvrulia cneba kulturuli memkvidre
oba da Semdeg ganxilulia,ramdenad eTanadeba esa Tu is konkretu-
li sagani am cnebas). induqciuri dasabuTebis SemTxvevaSi ki, piriqiT,
avtori iwyebs dasabuTebas konkretuli, individualuri dakvirvebidan
da asrulebs am process zogadi saxis daskvniT (mag., ama Tu im konkre
tuli Zeglis monacemebze dayrdnobiT axdens kulturuli memkvidre
obis cnebis interpretacias).
argumentirebuli ese, sxva saxis eseebis msgavsad, samnawiliania
da Sedgeba Sesavlis, ZiriTadi nawilisa da daskvnisagan. Sesaval na
wilSi warmodgenilia Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba, ZiriTad nawilSi
warmodgenilia Tezisis damadasturebeli masala, sapirispiro mxaris
argumentebi; daskvniT nawilSi, sxva sityvebis gamoyenebiT, meordeba
TezisSi gamoTqmuli azri. warmodgenil argumentebs Soris arsebuli
mimarTebebis aRqmas mkiTxvels Zalze gauadvilebs Sesabamisi logiku-
ri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi (mag., amis Sesabami-
sad, aqedan gamomdinare, amdenad, magaliTad da sxv. misT.).
sainformacio eseebis weris dros SesaZlebelia ori midgomis gamo
yeneba: a) teqstis dawyeba zogadi Tezisis wamoyenebiT (mag., `swrafi kve-
bis produqtebis xSiri gamoyeneba seriozul safrTxes uqmnis axalgaz-
rdebis janmrTelobas~; b) teqstis dawyeba konkretuli informaciiT
(magaliTiT, faqtiT...) da dasruleba zogadi principebis gamokveTiT,
rasac SeiZleba daskvnis saxec hqondes (mag., ”Cemi mezobeli sandro
yoveldRiurad 1-2 boTls `koka-kolas~ svams da TiTqmis yoveldRe
miirTmevs swrafi kvebis produqtebs. sandro wels skolas amTavrebs,
cdilobs, kargad moemzados gamocdebisaTvis, magram, rogorc TviTon
ambobs, swrafad iRleba mecadineobis dros da uWirs wakiTxuli in-
formaciis damaxsovreba. samwuxarod, sandro gamonaklisi ar aris _
mraval axalgazrdas awuxebs igive problema...). amgvari yalibi efuZneba
induqciis meTods, romelic, zogadad, xels uwyobs adreuli codnis
gaaqtiurebas da Seesabameba adamianis gonebis bunebriv niSan-Tvisebas
_ moiZios da mexsierebaSi `daamagros~ garkveuli sqemebi.42
41
viviseqcia _ cocxal cxovelze operaciis Catareba sxvadasxva organos funqciis
Seswavlis mizniT.
42
damatebiT ix. agreTve zemoT, `weriTi namuSevrebi: Sesavali nawili~.
169
piradi damokidebulebis amsaxveli ese _ piradi damokidebulebis am-
saxvel nawerSi avtori aRwers da aanalizebs Tavis Sexedulebebs, az-
rebsa da emociebs wakiTxul teqstTan dakavSirebiT. amdenad, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom eses es saxeoba kiTxvazea dafuZnebuli da saukeTesod war-
moaCens mkiTxvelisa da teqstis urTierTobas _ kavSirs wakiTxul teq
stSi asaxul ideebs, damokidebulebebsa da mkiTxvelis Sexedulebebs,
Rirebulebebsa da gamocdilebas Soris. eses avtori unda dafiqrdes
imaze, rasac kiTxulobs da Semdeg hkiTxos sakuTar Tavs, ratom fiqrobs
ase (moewona Tu ara wakiTxuli? ratom moewona / ar moewona? eTanxmeba
Tu ara avtors? ra emociebi an mogonebebi aRuZra wakiTxulma? misT.).
am tipis saskolo eseebis mizania, ganuviTaros moswavleebs wakiTxul
teqstTan dakavSirebuli azrebisa Tu STabeWdilebebis aRwerisa da
gaanalizebis unar-Cvevebi. avtorma unda warmoaCinos Tavisi ideebi,
mosazrebebi da emociebi, romlebic gauCnda teqstis kiTxvisas, axsnas
maTi mizezebi, moiyvanos saTanado damatebiTi masala (mag., piradi ga-
mocdilebidan moxmobili magaliTebi). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom piradi
gamocdilebidan moxmobili magaliTebis moyvanisas aucilebelia zomi
erebis dacva. cxadia, am tipis magaliTebi SesaniSnavi damatebiTi masa-
laa esesaTvis, magram avtors unda axsovdes, rom misi naweri wakiTxul
teqstze iyos fokusirebuli. piradi damokidebulebis amsaxvel eses
aqvs tradiciuli formati _ Sedgeba sami nawilisagan. esenia: Sesavali,
ZiriTadi nawili, daskvna.
wakiTxulis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatva SesaZlebelia
agreTve axali teqstis SeqmniT. es SeiZleba iyos tradiciuli weri-
lobiTi saxis namuSevari (leqsi, Canaxati, moTxroba) an multimediu-
ri teqsti (kolaJi, naxati, videorgoli, musikaluri klipi, grafika,
misT.). am teqstebis ZiriTadi mizania, gamoiwvios mkiTxvelSi, msmenelSi
an mayurebelSi iseTive emocia, rogoric Tavad avtors daebada kiTxvis
dros. am tipis teqstebze muSaoba mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels moswav-
leTa SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas.
analitikuri literaturuli ese _ misi amocanaa literaturul nawar-
moebSi an mis fragmentSi asaxuli Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis
gaanalizeba da interpretacia. literaturuli ese, romlis mizanicaa
nawarmoebis interpretacia, Tavisi arsiT axlos dgas argumentirebul
werasTan.43 werisas SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas dasabuTebis ori gza:
deduqciuri (jer zogadi debulebis wamoyeneba, Semdeg ki konkretuli
faqtebis/movlenebis moyvana teqstidan) an induqciuri (jer konkretu
li faqtebis/movlenebis moyvana teqstidan, Semdeg ki maTi ganzogade-
ba). mag., piesis kiTxvis dros mkiTxvels SeuZlia SeniSnos, rom mTavari
gmiri melanqoliuria mTeli pirveli moqmedebis manZilze, meore moq-
medebaSi _ TiTqmis yovelTvis; mesame moqmedebaSi igi oTx SemTxvevaSi
43
vgulisxmobT darwmunebis xerxebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba wamoyenebuli ideebis
dasasabuTeblad.
170
avlens melanqolias, meoTxe moqmedebaSi _ orjer, mexuTe moqmedebaSi
ki misi melanqolia ukvalod qreba. am monacemebis moyvanis Semdeg SeiZ
leba davaskvnaT, rom mTavari gmiri dasawyisSi warmogvidgeba melan-
qoliur adamianad, moqmedebis ganviTarebasTan erTad ki misi melanqo-
lia TandaTan klebulobs da sabolood ukvalod qreba (induqcia).
gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisis damajerebeli dasasabuTeblad sakmarisi
raodenobiT unda moviyvanoT faqtebi (saTanado adgilebi teqstidan). 2
Tumca amisaTvis aucilebeli ar aris uklebliv yvela Sesabamisi faq-
tis moyvana _ sakmarisia moviyvanoT tipuri faqtebi (da ara izolire-
buli, calke mdgari); aseve gaviTvaliswinoT is faqtebic, romlebic
ewinaaRmdegeba Cven mier wamoyenebul mosazrebas _ unda gvaxsovdes,
rom Tuki amgvar faqtebs dumiliT avuvliT gverds, Cveni dasabuTeba
mkiTxvelisaTvis damajerebeli ar iqneba (mag., SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom
marTalia, erT SemTxvevaSi mTavari gmiri Zalze mxiarulia, magram es
arafers cvlis _ esaa mxolod niRabi, romliTac igi cdilobs Tavisi
melanqoliis damalvas, sxv.).
damadasturebeli damowmebebi teqstidan _ damowmebebis moyvana
teqstidan SesaZlebelia ramdenime gziT:
a) teqstis mimdevrobis dacviT _ faqtebis moyvana im Tanamimdevro-
biT, rogoriTac maT vxvdebiT teqstSi;
b) qronologiuri mimdevrobis dacviT _ faqtebis moyvana droiTi
Tanamimdevrobis dacviT. es mimdevroba xan emTxveva sivrculs,44 xan ki
ara _ nawarmoebi SeiZleba ise iyos agebuli, rom gviandeli movlenebi
win uswrebdes adreuls (mag., gmirma gaixsenos warsuli, mweralma ga-
moiyenos e.w. cnobierebis nakadi, sxv.). am SemTxvevaSi qronologiuri
da sivrculi mimdevroba, cxadia, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli iqneba.
g) mzardi mniSvnelobis mixedviT _ dawyeba naklebad mniSvnelo-
vani faqtebiT da/an mosazrebebiT, dasruleba yvelaze mniSvnelovani
faqtebiT da/an movlenebiT. amgvari wyoba mkiTxvels mudmiv daZabu-
lobaSi amyofebs da efeqturia misi yuradRebis SesanarCuneblad.
d) mwerlis logikis Sesabamisad _ faqtebis da/an movlenebis war-
modgena im rigiT, rom isini Seesabamebodnen mwerlis azris msvlelo-
bas, mis logikas.
msjeloba msgavseba-gansxvavebaze _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki avtoris
amocanaa ori nawarmoebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba, gasaTvaliswinebelia
Semdegi:
a) aucilebelia erTi da imave aspeqtebis Sedareba _ mag., Tuki eseSi
ganxilulia erT nawarmoebSi gamoyenebuli mxatvruli xerxebi, aucile-
belia meore nawarmoebSi gamoyenebul mxatvruli xerxebis gaanalize-
bac;
44
aq vgulisxmobT adgils, romelic ama Tu im konkretul faqts ukavia teqstSi
(mag., teqstis dasawyisSi, Sua nawilSi, boloSi da a.S.).
171
b) aRqmis gaadvilebis mizniT saWiroa erTi da imave mimdevrobis
dacva. mag., Tuki pirvel nawarmoebSi gaanalizebulia jer mxatvruli
xerxebi, Semdeg siuJetis ganviTarebis etapebi, bolos ki _ enobrivi
saSualebebi, es sakiTxebi meore nawarmoebSic amave rigiT unda gaanal-
izdes (Sdr. qvemoT warmodgenili gegma).
msgavseba-gansxvaveba _ sqema:45
I varianti
a) nawarmoebi # 1
 mxatvruli xerxebi
 siuJetis ganviTareba
 enobrivi saSualebebi
 sxv.
b) nawarmoebi # 2
 mxatvruli xerxebi
 siuJetis ganviTareba
 enobrivi saSualebebi
 sxv.
II varianti
a) mxatvruli xerxebi
 nawarmoebi # 1
 nawarmoebi # 2
b) siuJetis ganviTareba
 nawarmoebi # 1
 nawarmoebi # 2
g) enobrivi saSualebebi
 nawarmoebi # 1
 nawarmoebi # 2
III varianti
a) gansxvavebebi # 1 da# 2 nawarmoebebs Soris:
 gansxvavebuli mxatvruli xerxebi
 gansxvavebebi siuJetis ganviTarebaSi
 gansxvavebuli enobrivi saSualebebi
 sxv.
45
msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxvel namuSevrebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT,
`mimarTuleba: wera, msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci~.
172
b) msgavsebebi # 1 da# 2 nawarmoebebs Soris:
 msgavsi mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi
 msgavsebebi siuJetis ganviTarebaSi
 msgavsi enobrivi saSualebebi
 sxv.
SeniSvna: survilisamebr, punqtebis warmodgena SesaZlebelia sxva 2
rigiTac: a) msgavsebebi; b) gansxvavebebi46.
SemoqmedebiTi weriTi namuSevari _ am saxis weriTi namuSevrebis Ziri
Tadi mizania avtoris TviTgamoxatva, misi azrebis, gancdebis, Rire-
bulebebis asaxva sxvadasxva mxatvruli formis (leqsis, poemis, Ca-
naxatis, moTxrobis, sxv.) gamoyenebiT. amave mizniT SeiZleba Seiqmnas
agreTve multimediuri teqstebic, romlebSic werilobiT teqstTan
erTad avtori gamoiyenebs musikas, naxats da a.S. am saxis teqstebis Seq
mna gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cveve-
bis ganviTarebas.
kombinireba _ ama Tu im saxis weriTi namuSevrebis Sedgenisas, saW-
iroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia kombinirebis strategiis gamoyene-
ba, rac gulisxmobs erTi romelime saxis teqstSi gansxvavebuli saxis
mqone calkeuli pasaJebisa da/an calkeuli abzacebis CarTvas. ase ma
galiTad, TxrobiTi eses werisas SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes raimes aR
wera, mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris Cveneba movlenebsa Tu faqtebs Soris,
raimes ganmarteba, ori an meti sagnis an movlenis Sedareba; argumen-
tirebuli eses weris dros ki _ TxrobiTi pasaJebis gamoyeneba, ker-
Zod: eseSi, romlis mizania, daasabuTos cecxlsasroli iaraRis saxlSi
Senaxvis akrZalvis aucilebloba, SeiZleba TxrobiTi abzacis CarTva
konkretuli faqtis gadmocemiT (mag., rogor Seiwira patara bavSvis
sicocxle saxlSi Senaxul iaraRTan gaufrTxilebelma mopyrobam);
mizezSedegobriv eseSi, romlis mizania, gviCvenos, ratom erTiandebian
adamianebi religiur seqtebSi, SesaZlebelia CarTuli iyos procesze
fokusirebuli abzaci imis CvenebiT, Tu rogor muSaoben Tanamedrove
seqtebi axali wevrebis mosazidad, SedarebiTi saxis pasaJi/abzaci imis
CvenebiT, Tu ra ganasxvavebs religiur seqtebs tradiciuli religiebi-
sagan da a.S. cxadia, rom kombinirebis miuxedavad, yvela aseT SemTx-
vevaSi mkacrad unda iyos daculi Sesabamisoba weriTi namuSevris mi-
zanTan da TezisTan.
46
msgavseba-gansxvavebis organizaciuli yalibis Sesaxeb damatebiT ix. zemoT,
mimarTuleba: wera, `msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci~.
173
III. 4. kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi
programis mimarTulebebs Soris
enis eqspresiuli (laparaki, wera) da recefciuli gamoyeneba (mosme-
na, kiTxva, vizualizacia) did zegavlenas axdens erTmaneTze. amdenad,
sagnobrivi standartis samive mimarTuleba (zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva,
wera) mWidro kavSirSia erTmaneTTan. mosmenisa da laparakis, agreTve
kiTxvisa da weris dros miRebuli gamocdileba avsebs da amdidrebs
erTmaneTs: kiTxvaca da werac dinamikuri, interaqtiuli procesebia,
romlebic azris gamotanaSi exmareba moswavleebs. magaliTad, ama Tu
im literaturuli nawarmoebis wakiTxvis Sedegad moswavles SeiZleba
gauCndes idea weriTi namuSevris dasawerad, weris dros miRebuli ga-
mocdileba ki wakiTxulis ukeT gaazrebaSi daexmaros. sxva sityvebiT
rom vTqvaT, vkiTxulobT imisaTvis, rom ukeT vweroT, xolo vwerT
imisaTvis, rom ukeT wavikiTxoT. dabolos, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom
kiTxvisa da weris dros rig SemTxvevebSi erTi da igive strategiebi
gamoiyeneba (mag., adreuli codnis gaaqtiureba, SekiTxvebis dasma, sxv.).
moswavleebi, romlebic weren imis Sesaxeb, rac waikiTxes, ukeT
imaxsovreben wakiTxuls, arian ufro kritikuli mkiTxvelebi. weris unar
-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad ki, Tavis mxriv, Zalze efeqturia kiTxvis
gamoyeneba: moswavleebi ukeT moemzadebian werisaTvis, Tuki samuSaos
dawyebamde gaecnobian da kritikulad gaaanalizeben samodelo teqsts
(enobrivi saSualebebis gamoyenebis, teqstis struqturis, masalis or-
ganizebis, sxv. TvalsazrisiT), romelic winaswar unda iyos SerCeuli
Sesasrulebeli weriTi davalebis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT.
bunebrivad mimdinare saswavlo procesSi sagnobrivi programis
mimarTulebebi (zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera) integrirebulad gamoi-
yeneba: mag., weris zogierTi saxeoba SeiZleba iswavlebodes damoukideb
lad, magram SesaZlebelia isic, rom wera maswavlebelma gamoiyenos
kiTxvis wina aqtivobis, kiTxvis dros CarTuli aqtivobis da/an kiTxvis
Semdgomi aqtivobis saxiT. kiTxvisa da weris wina etapze gamoyenebu-
li mravali saklaso aqtivoba moswavleebs imavdroulad avarjiSebs
mosmenasa da laparakSic, radgan isini zepiri gziT warimarTeba da
zepirmetyvelebis unarebis gaaqtiurebas moiTxovs (mag., gonebrivi
ieriSi, formaluri an araformaluri saklaso diskusia, kiTxva-pasuxi,
gasaubreba, sxv.). zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis gamoyeneba xSiradaa
aucilebeli agreTve weriTi namuSevris an kiTxvis dasrulebis Sem-
deg (mag., weriTi namuSevrebis zepiri prezentacia, gasaubreba, azrTa
gacvla-gamocvla; zepiri msjeloba, diskusia wakiTxulis Sesaxeb; wi-
naswari varaudis gamoTqma teqstis siuJetis SesaZlo ganviTarebis Se
saxeb da misi dasabuTeba, sxv.). Tavis mxriv, zepirmetyvelebaze muSao-
bis dros SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes weris unar-Cvevebis gamoyenebac. ase
mag., sainformacio da/an kritikuli mosmenis dros, informaciis ukeT
damaxsovrebis mizniT, moswavleebi xSirad akeTeben werilobiT Cana
174
werebs; weris Semdgomi redaqtirebis etapi moswavleebisgan kiTxvis
unarebis gaaqtiurebas moiTxovs da a.S.
amdenad, saswavlo procesis warmatebulad marTvis SemTxvevaSi, mas-
wavlebels SeuZlia klasSi Seqmnas garemo, romelSic kombinirebuli
iqneba mosmena, laparaki, kiTxva da wera. am gziT SesaZlebeli iqneba
saswavlo procesis daaxloeba realur cxovrebiseul situaciebTan,
rac Zalze sasargeblo iqneba moswavleebisaTvis. 2
mSobliuri enisa da literaturis maswavlebeli kargad unda ac-
nobierebdes kavSirs ara mxolod sagnobrivi standartis calkeul
mimarTulebebs, aramed, zogadad, Tavis sagansa da sxva saskolo sa-
gnebs Sorisac. marTlac, sazogadoebrivi, sabunebismetyvelo, zus-
ti mecnierebebisa Tu xelovnebis Seswavla moswavlisagan moiTxovs
wignierebis imave unarebs, romlebic aucilebelia mSobliuri enisa
da literaturis Sesaswavladac. aqedan gamomdinare, sabazo da saSua-
lo safexuris mSobliuri enisa da literaturis maswavlebels kargad
unda hqondes gaazrebuli interdisciplinuri midgomis mniSvneloba
wignierebis zogadi unarebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. saskolo sagnebis
Rrmad, safuZvlianad Seswavla da akademiuri miRwevebis gaumjobese-
ba moswavlisagan moiTxovs kiTxvis dasmis, kritikuli azrovnebis, kv-
leviTi, problemebis identificirebisa da maTi gadawyvetis unarebis
gamovlenas, rac wignierebis unarebis integrirebas gulisxmobs.47 es,
Tavis mxriv, ganaviTarebs problemis gadaWris unar-Cvevebs, rac Zal-
ze Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa pirovnuli momwifebis process. am gziT
moswavleebi SeZleben pasuxismgeblobis mqone moqalaqeebad Camoyal-
ibebas da mzad iqnebian im problemebis gadasaWrelad, romlebsac maT
zrdasruli cxovreba SesTavazebs.
47
integrirebisaTvis Zalze efeqturia Tematuri midgomis gamoyeneba. amgvari
midgoma saSualebas iZleva davajgufoT erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sxvadasxva
sagnebi erTi konkretuli Temis irgvliv. mag. àdamiani bunebis pirispir~,
`mogzauroba zRvaze~ da sxv.
175
Tavi IV
sanimuSo aqtivobebi
sabazo da saSualo safexurebisaTvis gamiznuli aqtivobebi, rom-

lebic winamdebare TavSia warmodgenili, mcire gamonaklisis garda,
kompleqsuri saxisaa da erTdroulad faravs qarTuli enisa da lit-
eraturis sagnobrivi programis or an samive mimarTulebas (zepirme-
tyveleba, kiTxva, wera). TiToeul aqtivobas axlavs rubrika `Sefase-
ba~, romelSic warmodgenilia moswavleTa Sefasebis ZiriTadi kriteri-
umebi.
saswavlo aqtivobebi, romlebSic integrirebulia standartis ori
an samive mimarTuleba, vfiqrobT, ukeT Seesatyviseba bunebriv saswav-
lo process. marTlac, mxolod kiTxvis, mxolod laparakis an mxolod
mosmenis unar-Cvevebze fokusireba umeteswilad xelovnurad Seqmnili
saswavlo garemosTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli (rogoricaa, mag., moswavle-
Ta Sefaseba, gamocda, testireba, misT.), an gamoiyeneba calkeuli kon
kretuli sakiTxis swavlebis mizniT.
realur cxovrebiseul situaciebSic moswavleebs umetesad integ
rirebulad uwevT skolaSi aTvisebuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis ga
moyeneba: ama Tu im amocanis Sesasruleblad, dasaxuli miznis misaR
wevad Tu problemebis gadasaWrelad maT, rogorc wesi, kombinirebulad
unda gamoiyenon zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris unar-Cvevebi1. imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom moswavleTa momzadeba realuri cxovrebisaT-
vis, skolis farglebs gareT arsebuli samyarosaTvis swavla-swavlebis
erT-erT umniSvnelovanes amocanas warmoadgens, aucilebelia, moswav-
leebs SevTavazoT Sinaarsiani konteqstis mqone saswavlo amocanebi _
amocanebi, romelTa Sesrulebac SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis in-
tegrirebulad gamoyenebas moiTxovs.
aqedan gamomdinare, winamdebare gzamkvlevSi Sesatanad upirateso-
ba mieniWa kompleqsur aqtivobebs, romlebic SesaZleblobas miscems
moswavleebs, enis gamoyenebis avTentur konteqstSi ganiviTaron unar
-Cvevebi da Seivson codnis maragi.
1
Sdr. zemoT, III. 4. kavSiri sagnobriv mimarTulebebs Soris.
176
sabazo safexuri
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba
aqtivoba # 1: miambeT!
varianti a 2
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs zepiri metyvelebisa da
kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas (informaciis daxa
risxebis unaris gaqtiurebis gziT). aqtivoba moswavleebs aZlevs SesaZ
leblobas, ufro Rrmad Cawvdnen teqstis Sinaarss da ukeT gaiazron
igi (teqsti). aqtivobis meSveobiT moswavleebi gaiTaviseben Txzulebis/
ambis dasawyisisa da dasasrulis, garemos, moqmedi pirebisa da siuJe-
turi xazebis mniSvnelovan aspeqtebs; aZlevs moswavleebs imis stimuls,
rom SearCion adekvaturi da efeqturi leqsika, moZebnon auditoriis
dainteresebis, masze zemoqmedebis xerxebi da saSualebebi (mag., Jeste-
bi, mimika, xmis tonis monacvleoba da sxv.). aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxi-
saa da faravs zepirmetyvelebisa da kiTxvis mimarTulebebs.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• zepiri metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
resursebi: prozauli teqsti, audio-, videoCanaweri.
aqtivobis aRwera:
pirvel etapze, sanam moswavleebi Tavad daiwyeben ama Tu im saxis (de-
taluri Txroba, mokle Sinaarsis Txroba, gamokrebili Sinaarsis Txro-
ba, Txroba mTxrobelis SecvliT) TxrobiTi aqtivobebis gamoyenebas, maT
unda mieceT saSualeba, mousminon sxva, ufro gamocdil mTxroblebs,
romelTa mosmena siamovnebas mianiWebs moswavleebs, gaamdidrebs maT ga-
mocdilebas. am mizniT sasurvelia gakveTilebze cnobili adamianebis
mowveva, agreTve, video_ da/an audioCanawerebis gamoyeneba.
SesaZlebelia moswavleebma upiratesoba mianiWon imis moyolas, rac
Tavs gadaxdaT; an rac gamoigones (da ara wakiTxuli moTxrobis Sinaar-
sis gadmocemas); an moisurvon gagonili moTxrobis/ambis, nanaxi fil-
mis Sinaarsis gadmocema. aseTi iniciativebi maswavlebelma unda waa-
xalisos, raTa moswavles moexsnas SiSis an uxerxulobis gancda, SeeC-
vios auditoriis winaSe gamosvlasa da efeqturi Txrobis saSualebebis
gamoyenebas. piradi ambebi SeiZleba exebodes, magaliTad, moswavlis
pirad Tavgadasavals, saojaxo relikviebs, winaprebis ambebs, Sinaur
cxovelebTan dakavSirebul istoriebsa da a.S. SeiZleba moswavleebma
Tavad moisurvon moTxrobebis Seqmna. es iniciativac unda waxalisdes.
maT SeuZliaT:
177
• tradiciuli an e. w. moaruli siuJetebis, Temebis gamoyeneba (ses-
xeba);
• ramdenime versiidan erT-erTis aReba an am versiebis gaerTianeba;
• ambis / moTxrobis gadanacvleba droSi: warsulidan awmyoSi an
momavalSi;
• ambis / moTxrobis gadanacvleba erTi geografiuli garemodan
sxvaSi da a.S.
mTxrobels unda hqondes moxerxebuli mdgomareoba. igi pirdapir

unda uyurebdes auditorias, raTa advilad daamyaros mxedvelobiTi
kontaqti msmenelebTan.
mTxrobels SeuZlia moawyos TxrobisTvis Sesaferisi garemo: spe-
cialuri ganaTeba, musika, Txrobis efeqturobis gamaZlierebeli vi-
zualuri saSualebebi, mag., Sesabamisi tanisamosi, Tundac romelime
atributi: qudi, Sarfi, mantia an sxva ram; ilustraciebi, filmebi da
a.S. msgavs `daxmarebas~ ramdenime upiratesoba aqvs. igi:
• xels uwyobs moswavlis motivirebas, interesis aRZvras;
• axdens vizualuri da sityvieri informaciis sinTezirebas;
• uzrunvelyofs morcxvi mTxrobelis mxardaWeras (morcxv mTxro-
bels aZlevs sayrdens, rac siTamames hmatebs mas).
Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:
• mosmenilis/nanaxi filmis, piradi da/an literaturuli gamoc-
dilebis zepirad Txrobis unari;
• warmosaxviT Seqmnili ambis zepirad gadmocemis unari.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 1.
aqtivoba # 2. sasaubro wreebi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: sasaubro wreebi qmnis xelSemwyob garemos imi-
saTvis, rom moswavleebma gabedulad SeZlon TavianTi azrebis sxve-
bisaTvis gaziareba. igi efeqturad moamzadebs moswavleebs saklaso
diskusiebSi monawileobis misaRebad. sasaubro wreebi gansakuTrebiT
sasargebloa maSin, rodesac moswavleebi ganixilaven moralur an eTi-
kur sakiTxebs.
resursebi: imitirebuli mikrofoni.
aqtivobis aRwera: moswavleebi rkalurad sxedan, yovel maTgans
aqvs saubris saSualeba. Tuki wre didia, maSin umjobesia wre davyoT
or-samkacian jgufebad. imisaTvis, rom yvelas mieces azris gamoTqmis
saSualeba da vinmem ar daikavos dominirebuli mdgomareoba, Tavi da-
vaRwioT uwesrigobasa da xmaurs, moswavleebs (moswavleTa jgufebs)
178
SeiZleba mivceT mikrofoni (an rame nivTi mikrofonis `funqciiT~).
mxolod mas unda mieces laparakis ufleba, vinc am sagans im wuTSi
flobs, Semdeg `mikrofoni~ sxva moswavles (jgufs) gadaecema. es ma-
namde grZeldeba, sanam wreSi myof yvela moswavles (yvela jgufs) ar
miecema laparakis saSualeba. aucilebelia im wesis dacva, rom mxolod
erTi moswavle / jgufis warmomadgeneli saubrobdes, danarCenebi ki
Cumad ismendnen da yovelgvari Sefasebebisagan Tavs ikavebdnen; ne- 2
badarTuli unda iyos is, rom moswavlem / jgufma Tqvas `gamovtoveb~,
Tuki mas araferi aqvs saTqmeli. wamyvanis rols SeiZleba maswavlebeli
an moswavle asrulebdes. wamyvani:
• uzrunvelyofs instruqciebis Sesrulebas;
• yuradRebis gareSe ar tovebs arcerTi monawilis wvlils, Set-
anils saubarSi (Tundac aseTi fraziT: `gmadlobT Tqveni azrebi-
saTvis / wvlilisaTvis~);
• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi azustebs, ganmartavs komentars / SeniS-
vnebs / mosazrebebs (magaliTad, `Tu sworad gavige, Tqven ambobT,
rom~. . . ).
sasurvelia, moswavleebs vurCioT, rom maT TavianTi komentarebi,
SeniSvnebi Tu mosazrebebi gadmoscen rac SeiZleba ufro martivad da
gasagebad (saTqmelis naTlad warmosaCenad gamoiyenon piradi gamoc-
dileba, efeqturobisaTvis _ paralelebi, Sedarebebi da sxva); vTxov-
oT msmenelebs, rom gamomsvlels interesiTa da yuradRebiT mousmin-
on, fokusireba gaakeTon gamomsvlelis saubarze da ara imaze, Tu ras
ityvian, rodesac maTi jeri dadgeba.
Sefaseba: Sefasdeba zepiri gamosvlis, argumentirebis unari, azris
sizuste da lakoniuroba; dadgenili wesebis dacvis, jgufuri muSaobis
unari.
meToduri miTiTeba: Temebi unda SeirCes moswavleTa interesebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, amitom, sasurvelia, maswavlebelma ”gonebrivi ieri-
Sis” gamoyenebiT winaswar daadginos, ra Temebze surT saubari.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 4.
aqtivoba # 3. aba, gamoicani!

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs kritikuli mosmenisa da
kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• mosmenis unaris ganviTareba;
• kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
resursebi: teqstebis audioCanawerebi.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri.
179
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs asmeninebs mokle,
konkretuli konteqstidan amoRebul nawyvets, magaliTad, dialogis
an diskusiis nawils, saubris fragments. Sinaarsis, saubris stilis,
enobriv-gramatikuli struqturisa da sxva enobrivi niSnebis mixedviT
moswavleebma unda gamoTqvan varaudebi, Tu visTvisaa gamiznuli
mosmenili teqsti / ra auditoriisTvisaa gamiznuli, aRadginon kon
teqsti, gansazRvron sakomunikacio situacia. moswavleebma mosmenili
teqstis monacemebze dayrdnobiT unda daasabuTon, ratom fiqroben
ase, ra miniSnebas eyrdnobian azris gamoTqmisas.
• enobriv-gramatikul formebze dakvirvebis gziT auditoriis gan-
sazRvra;
• kritikuli mosmena.
meToduri miTiTeba: maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom mosas-
meni masala ar iyos Zalian naTeli, anu iZleodes interpretaciis sa-
Sualebas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, aqtivoba uintereso gamova.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 2.
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, wera

aqtivoba# 1. davakvirdeT sxeulis enas
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleebis mosmenis una
rebisa da kritikuli Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. igi maT
daexmareba, gaecnon komunikaciis dros gamoyenebul sxvadasxva araver-
balur saSualebebas, daakvirdnen maTi gamoyenebis praqtikas sxvadasxva
sakomunikacio situaciaSi. saboloo jamSi, es xels Seuwyobs moswav-
leebs, gaacnobieron araverbaluri saSualebebis mniSvneloba da gani-
viTaron maTi adekvaturad gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebi. aqtivoba kompleq
suri saxisaa da faravs zepirmetyvelebisa da weris mimarTulebebs.
aqtivobis pirveli, à~ cxrili, Sedgenilia 2 pirs Soris mimdinare
sakomunikacio situaciis gasaanalizeblad, meore cxrili ki _ sajaro
gamosvlis gasaanalizeblad.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• zepirmetyvelebis unarebis ganviTareba;
• kritikuli analizis unarebis ganviTareba.
resursebi: ama Tu im piris (politikosis, xelovanis, mecnieris, sxv.)
sajaro gamosvlis 8-10-wuTiani videoCanaweri, an amave qronometraJis
satelevizio diskusiis, debatebis videoCanaweri, winaswar SerCeuli
maswavleblis mier, qaRaldebze amobeWdili cxrilebi (moswavleTa ra-
odenobis Sesabamisad), saweri kalmebi.
180
aqtivobis aRwera: dafaze gamosaxulia araverbalur saSulebebze
dakvirvebis cxrili. maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs aqtivobis
mizanze, gaacnobs maT Sesasrulebel samuSaos, cxrilis Sevsebis wesebs;
bolos daurigebs moswavleebs amave cxrilis qaRaldze amobeWdil ver-
siebs.
maswavlebeli CarTavs winaswar SerCeul Canawers. nimuSis saCveneb- 2
lad maswavlebeli Canaweris mimdinareobis dros Seavsebs cxrils pir-
veli ori monacemiT, Semdeg SeaCerebs Canaweris Cvenebas da damatebiT
axsna-ganmartebebs miscems moswavleebs cxrilis Sevsebis wesis Sesa
xeb: molaparakis mier gamoyenebuli yoveli araverbaluri saSualeba
saTanado grafaSi aRiniSneba X-iT (mag., gamoyenebuli Jesti X niSniT
aRiniSneba grafaSi `Jestebi”). im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mosaubre, vTqvaT,
5-jer gamoiyenebs sxvadasxva Jests, grafaSi `Jestebi” 5-jer Caiwereba
X. sabolood, aRniSnuli grafa miiRebs Semdeg saxes: XXXXX. sasur-
velia, saTanado komentaris TanxlebiT. amis Semdeg Canaweris Cveneba
gagrZeldeba. moswavleebi uyureben Canawers da avseben cxrils.
sul bolos ivseba cxrilis bolo sveti `daskvna”. amisaTvis moswav-
leebi akvirdebian cxrilis pirvel-meore svetebs, gaiazreben da Sea-
jameben maT monacemebs da miRebul Sedegebs Caweren svetSi `daskvna”
(mag., `yvela xSirad iyenebs Jestebs”, àr cvlis saxis gamometyvelebas~,
`xSirad uwevs xmas” da misT.
moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namuSevrebs zepiri gziT. maswavle-
beli saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iZleva damatebiT axsna-ganmartebebs.
nimuSi a. cxrili.
I molaparake
saSualebebi gamoyenebulia daskvna
Jestebi
mxedvelobiTi
kontaqti
mkafio
metyveleba
xmis awev-daweva
gamometyvelebis cvlileba
181
II molaparake
Jestebi
mxedvelobiTikontaqti
mkafio metyveleba
xmis awev-daweva
nimuSi b.
gamomsvleli (saxeli, gvari):
saSualebebi gamoyenebulia daskvna
Jestebi
mxedvelobiTi kontaqti
mkafio metyveleba
xmis awev-daweva
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen namuSevrebs.

maswavlebeli saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iZleva damatebiT axsna-ganmarte-
bebs, akeTebs komentarebs.
aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12_ 15 wuTi.
Sefaseba: aRniSnuli aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:
• araverbaluri saSualebebis amocnoba da daxarisxeba;
• kritikuli azrovneba;
• mocemuli modelis mixedviT weriTi samuSaos Sesruleba.
meToduri miTiTeba:
 daskvnebis svetSi SesaZlebelia Caiweros agreTve zogadi
daskvnac ama Tu im monawilis qcevis/araverbaluri metyvelebis Sesaxeb,
romelic uSualod gamomdinareobs marcxena da Sua svetSi moTavsebu-
li dakvirvebebidan (mag., dakarga kontrolis unari an bolomde akon-
trolebs Tavs, bolomde SeinarCuna simSvide da misT.).
• Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr, maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs Ses-
Tavazos cxrilis modificirebuli varianti _ orsvetiani cxri-
li, romelsac ar eqneba mesame, `daskvnebis~ sveti. am SemTxvevaSi
moswavleebi zepiri gziT Seajereben cxrilSi Caweril monacemebs.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 2; qarT. VII. 11.
182
aqtivoba # 2. msmenelis gzamkvlevi
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleebis kritikuli
mosmenis unarebisa da, zogadad, kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebas. igi daexmareba moswavleebs, ganiviTaron zepirad mos-
menili informaciis adekvaturad gagebisa da gaazrebis unar-Cvevebi.
aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs zepirmetyvelebisa da weris
mimarTulebebs. 2
aqtivobis miznebi:
• zepirmetyvelebis unarebis ganviTareba;
• kritikuli mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• kritikuli analizis unarebis ganviTareba.
resursebi: ama Tu im piris (politikosis, xelovanis, mecnieris, sxv.) saja-
ro gamosvlis 8-10-wuTiani videoCanaweri, an amave qronometraJis satele-
vizio diskusiis, debatebis videoCanaweri, SerCeuli maswavleblis mier, qa-
Raldebze amobeWdili kiTxvari (saWiro raodenobiT), saweri kalmebi.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: wyviluri.
aqtivobis aRwera: msmenelis gzamkvlevis/kiTxvaris teqsti daweri
lia dafaze (dafaze gakrul didi formatis qaRaldze). maswavlebeli
gaesaubreba moswavleebs aqtivobis mizanze, gaacnobs maT Sesasrule
bel samuSaos; bolos dayofs moswavleebs wyvilebad da daurigebs qa
Raldze amobeWdil kiTxvars.
maswavlebeli CarTavs winaswar SerCeul Canawers. moswavleebi isme-
nen teqsts da avseben kiTxvars wyvilebSi muSaobis gziT.
nimuSi. msmenelis gzamkvlevi:
msmenelis saxeli, gvari: ......................................
molaparakis saxeli, gvari: .........................................
TariRi: ..............................................
 daasaxeleT ZiriTadi Tema ............................................................
 daasaxeleT ZiriTadi sakiTxi/sakiTxebi ..................................
 daasaxeleT, romeli organizaciuli yalibia gamoyenebuli .......
.......................................................
 daasaxeleT `gadasvlebisaTvis~ gamoyenebuli 3-4 sityva/Sesi-
tyveba2 ...............
 CamoayalibeT molaparakis mier gamoTqmuli ZiriTadi mosazreba
(gamoiyeneT ara umetes 3-4 winadadebisa) ..........................................
....................................................................................................................
2
aq vgulisxmobT logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxvel enobriv konstruqciebs (maT
Sesaxeb damatebiT ix. zemoT, `mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, damarwmunebeli
zepiri gamosvla, logikuri mimarTebebi~.
183
 gadmoeciT Tqveni piradi STabeWdileba (gamoiyeneT ara umetes
4-5 winadadebisa) ..................................................................................
................................................................................................................
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen namuSevrebs.
maswavlebeli saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iZleva damatebiT axsna-ganmarte-
bebs, akeTebs komentarebs.
• kritikuli mosmena;
• mosmenili informaciis daxarisxeba da Sejameba;
• mosmenili informaciis werilobiT gadmocema saTanado formiT;
• TanamSromloba.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 1; qarT. IX. 9, 10.
aqtivoba # 3. araformaluri kamaTi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs kamaTis, diskusiis unar-
Cvevebis ganviTarebas. igi moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, mousmin-
on Tanaklaselebis mosazrebebs da gamoTqvan sakuTari azri maTTvis
saintereso sakiTxebze, Camoyalibdnen kritikul msmenelebad; miiRon
mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebi, ganiviTaron argumentirebis, agreTve
gunduri muSaobis unari. aqtivoba tardeba 2 etapad: 1-l etapze tar-
deba kamaTi, me-2 etapze ki moswavleebi Seafaseben kamaTis msvlelobas.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• kritikuli mosmenis unarebis ganviTareba;
• argumentirebis unaris ganviTareba;
• etiketuri metyvelebisa da qcevis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
resursebi: adamianuri resursebi.
aqtivobis aRwera:
I etapi _ sakamaTo Temis SerCevis Semdeg moswavleebi or jgufad
daiyofian (sasurvelia, Tema SeirCes moswavleTa azris gaTvalis-
winebiT). mzaddeba instruqciebis CamonaTvali/nusxa, romelSic asaxu
li iqneba kamaTis nayofierad warmarTvisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebi
(droiTi reglamenti; rigiTobis dacvis, yuradRebiT mosmenis, jgufis
wevrebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis aucilebloba da sxv.). jgufebSi
moswavleebi ganawildebian imisda mixedviT, Tu ra pozicia eqnebaT saka-
maTo TemasTan dakavSirebiT. moswavleebi winaswar amzadeben argumen-
tebs TavianTi poziciis dasasabuTeblad da gaacnoben Tanagundelebs
(amisaTvis gundebs eZlevaT 15-20 wuTi). gundi argumentebis ganxilvis
184
Semdeg SearCevs ama Tu im konkretuli argumentis warmomTqmels. ar-
gumentebis warmomTqmelebi rig-rigobiT saubroben, moswavleebi unda
darwmundnen, rom: a) Cawerili aqvT yvela argumenti; b) ar imeoreben
ukve warmoTqmul arguments. kamaTi grZeldeba manamde, sanam argumen-
tebi ar amoiwureba.
II etapi _ SefasebisaTvis gundebs maswavlebeli daurigebs kiTxvars,
romelsac Semdegi saxe SeiZleba hqondes. 2
kiTxvaris nimuSi:
• romeli argumentebi iyo yvelaze sarwmuno da damajerebeli?
• daxarjes Tu ara monawileebma dro da energia mTavari problemi-
saTvis naklebad mniSvnelovan mosazrebebze?
• Tqveni azriT, romeli argumenti/argumentebi iyo imdenad dama-
jerebeli, rom SeeZlo zogierTi moswavlis mosazrebis Secvla?
• sakuTari azris gamoTqma da dasabuTeba;
• etiketuri qceva da metyveleba;
• mosmenili informaciis/sametyvelo situaciis Sejameba da Sefase-
ba werilobiTi gziT.
meToduri miTiTebebi:
• rekomendebuli ar aris kamaTSi `gamarjvebuli~ gundis gamocxa-
deba, magram Tuki moswavleebi moisurveben gamarjvebulis gamov-
lenas, es SeiZleba moxdes Semdegi gziT: a) gansakuTrebiT Zlieri
da/an originaluri argumentebisaTvis jgufi qulas miiRebs; b)
Tu argumenti gameorda, jgufi qulas ar miiRebs. gaimarjvebs is
gundi, romelic met qulas daagrovebs.
• sakamaTod SerCeuli Tema SesaZlebelia romelime Seswavlili
nawarmoebis problematikas/Tematikas ukavSirdebodes. am Sem
TxvevaSi aqtivoba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis samive mimarTulebas
(zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera) dafaravs.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; qarT. IX. 9.
185
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva
aqtivoba # 1. konkursi gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi
resursi: Sefasebis kriteriumebis qseroaslebi.
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs, moawyon
konkursi gamomsaxvelobiT kiTxvaSi. sasurvelia, pirvel jerze,
konkursSi monawileoba nebayoflobiTi iyos. is, vinc ar miiRebs
monawi
leobas konkursSi, iqneba SemfasebelTa jgufSi, romelic er-
Toblivad SemuSavebuli kriteriumebis mixedviT Seafasebs konkursis
monawileebs. SesaZlebelia, konkursi Catardes or `turad~. monawile
ebi jer kiTxuloben erTsa da imave nawarmoebs, Semdeg irCeven teqsts
sakuTari surviliT.
Sefaseba: Sefaseba SeiZleba moxdes imis mixedviT, iyo Tu ara:
• yvela sityva mkafiod warmoTqmuli;
• gakeTebuli aqcenti sakvanZo sityvebze;
• gadmocemuli avtoriseuli ganwyobileba da grZnobebi;
• sworad gagebuli punqtuacia;
• daculi saTanado tempi;
• efeqturad gamoyenebuli xmis toni;
• SenarCunebuli mxedvelobiTi kontaqti auditoriasTan;
• SenarCunebuli zomiereba grZnobebis gamoxatvisas.
meToduri miTiTeba: savaraudod, im moswavleebis nawili mainc, rom-

lebic ar miiReben konkursSi monawileobas, momavalSi dainteresdeba
da sxvebis magaliTiT CaerTveba. am etapze mniSvnelovania isic, rom
isini Sefasebisas daxvewen sakuTar gemovnebas, kidev erTxel gaiazre-
ben wakiTxuls / mosmenils. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebi ufro gabedu-
lad CaerTon gamomsaxvelobiTi kiTxvis konkursSi, rekomendebulia,
xSirad movasmeninoT qarTvel msaxiobTa mier wakiTxuli nawarmoebebis
audioCanawerebi da vasaubroT STabeWdilebebze.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 2, 3; qarT. VII. 7.
aqtivoba # 2. mxatvruli kiTxvis dRe

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba exmareba moswavleebs, gamoimuSaon kon
kretul sakomunikacio situaciaSi Sesabamisi qcevis unari. igi xels
uwyobs, erTi mxriv, gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis, meore mxriv, kritiku-
li mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas (Tanaklaselebis gamosvlebze
dakvirvebisa da Sefasebis gziT). garda amisa, aqtivoba efeqturia
kritikuli kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac _ igi
biZgs aZlevs moswavleebs, Rrmad gaiazron teqstis Sinaarsi.
186
aqtivobis mizebini:
• kritikuli azrovnebis/kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• kritikuli mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
resursebi: saTanado prozauli da poeturi nawarmoebebi / fragmen-
tebi nawarmoebebidan.
2
aqtivobis aRwera:
sagangebod SerCeul dRes klasSi cxaddeba `mxatvruli kiTxvis dRe~.
moswavleebs saxlidan moaqvT TavianTi sayvareli wignebi da Tanak-
laselebs gamoTqmiT da saWiro aqcentebis dasmiT ukiTxaven leqsebsa
da moTxrobebs. aseve, SesaZlebelia e.w. àvtoris skamis~ meTodis gamo
yenebac, rodesac gamomsvleli/mkiTxveli dajdeba oTaxis SuagulSi an
merxebis win sagangebod dadgmul skamze da ise ukiTxavs nawarmoebis
nawyvets Tanaklaselebs. moswavleebi yuradRebiT usmenen gamomsvlels
da cdiloben Seafason, ra moewonaT da ra _ ara. magaliTad, cvlida Tu
ara mkiTxveli intonacias modalobis mixedviT, SeZlo Tu ara man nawar-
moebis/personaJTa ganwyobis gadmocema, akeTebda Tu ara pauzebs saWiro
adgilas, iyenebda Tu ara Jestsa da mimikas da a.S. Sefasebis kriteri-
umebi moswavleebisaTvis winaswar unda iyos cnobili (SesaZlebelia, rom
kriteriumebi maswavlebelma da moswavleebma erToblivad SeimuSaon).
SesaZlebelia, am dRes skolaSi moiwvion romelime mweralic, ro-
melic waukiTxavs Tavis nawarmoebs moswavleebs, an msaxiobi, romelic
aCvenebs bavSvebs mxatvruli kiTxvis magaliTs.
Sefaseba: amgvari aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:
• teqstis saTanadod gaazreba;
• gamometyvelebiT kiTxva;
• xmamaRla kiTxvis dros Sesabamisi intonaciis SerCeva;
• Jestebisa da mimikis adekvaturad gamoyeneba;
• mocemuli kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT Tanaklaselis gamosvlis
adkvaturad Sefaseba.
meToduri miTiTeba: sasurvelia, rom aseT gakveTilebs erTgvari
tradiciis saxe mieces.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 3; qarT. VII. 7.
aqtivoba #3. literaturuli wre

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: literaturuli wre xels uwyobs moswavleebs,
ufro meti Seityon sxvadasxva tipis, Janrisa da stilis teqstebis
Sesaxeb; Seafason sakuTari SesaZleblobebi im TvalsazrisiT, Tu ram-
denad SeuZliaT zepirad gamoxaton piradi damokidebuleba wakiTxulis
187
mimarT: kiTxvis Sedegad aRZruli gancdebi, STabeWdilebebi, ganwyoba.
aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs kiTxvisa da zepirmetyvelebis
mimarTulebebs.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• kritikuli kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• sakuTari mosazrebis/damokidebulebis gamoxatvis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba.
resursebi: aqtivoba saWiroebs mxolod adamianur resurss. SesaZ
lebelia moewyos sadiskusio wignis irgvliv Seqmnili / moZiebuli ma-
salebis (ilustraciebi, plakatebi) gamofenac.
aqtivobis aRwera: literaturul wreSi moswavleTa mcire jgufebi
erTsa da imave vadebSi kiTxuloben wigns da regularulad ganixilaven
ukve wakiTxul calkeul epizods, monakveTs. maT SeuZliaT Tavad ga
dawyviton, erTsa da imave wigns waikiTxaven Tu sxvadasxva wigns erTsa
da imave Temaze. mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi daasruleben wignis kiT
xvas, moewyoba diskusia.
• mxatvruli teqstis analizi da Sefaseba;
• sakuTari mosazrebis, damokidebulebis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba.
meToduri miTiTeba: sasurvelia, maswavlebelma moswavleebs arda-
degebze SesTavazos wasakiTxi wignebis CamonaTvali. Tu literaturul
wreSi saswavlo procesis dros kiTxuloben wigns, maswavlebelma unda
ganusazRvros moswavleebs kiTxvisTvis saWiro dro.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba (Sesabamisi
resursebis: plakatebis, ilustraciebis, misT. gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi).
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10;
qarT. VIII. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8; qarT. IX. 2, 3, 6. 7, 8.
aqtivoba # 4. meore planis personaJebis saidumlo cxovreba

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa zepirme-
tyvelebisa (mosmenis, laparakis) da kritikuli kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebas; igi biZgs aZlevs moswavleTa warmosaxvis unars, uya
libebs empaTiis gancdas da exmareba maT, sxvadasxva kuTxidan/pozici-
idan Seafason wakiTxuli. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs ze-
pirmetyvelebisa da kiTxvis mimarTulebebs.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• warmosaxvis unaris ganviTareba.
188
resursebi: adamianuri resursebi.
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moirgon ama
Tu im mxatvruli nawarmoebis erT-erTi meorexarisxovani personaJis
roli, romlis Sesaxebac teqstSi mcire informacias vxvdebiT. moswav-
leebis mizania, Seavson personaJis biografiis `TeTri laqebi~ Tanak-
laselebis SekiTxvebsa da sakuTar warmosaxvaze dayrdnobiT. 2
maswavlebeli asaxelebs meore planis romelime personaJs nawar-

moebidan, romelic moswavleebs ukve Seswavlili aqvT an imJamad swav-
loben (mag., ZonZebSi gaxveuli patara biWi an lamaziseuli ilia Wav-
WavaZis moTxrobidan `kacia-adamiani?!~, xumara akaki wereTlis poemidan
`Tornike erisTavi~, sxv.). kargi iqneba, Tuki personaJis SerCevaSi mos-
wavleebic miiReben monawileobas.
erT-erTi moswavle gamodis klasis win, jdeba skamze, `moirgebs~
dasaxelebuli personaJis rols da pasuxobs Tanaklaselebis mier das-
mul SekiTxvebs, romlebic am personaJisTvisaa gamiznuli. nimuSis
saCveneblad da/an aqtivobis gamosacocxleblad maswavlebeli SeiZleba
TviTonac CaerTos aqtivobaSi da SekiTxvebi dausvas `personaJs~.
• kritikuli kiTxva;
• azris saTanadod gadmocema zepiri gziT;
• warmosaxvis unaris gamoyeneba.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 5, 6, 7; qarT. VIII. 1, 5,
8, qarT. IX. 6.
aqtivoba # 5. emociuri komentari

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs esTetikuri kiTxvis, wakiT
xulis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatvisa da warmosaxvis una
rebis ganviTarebas. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs standar-
tis samive mimarTulebas.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• SemoqmedebiTi mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTreba;
• esTetikuri kiTxvisa da Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• sakuTari emociebisa da STabeWdilebis zepirad gadmocemis un-
aris ganviTareba;
• TviTgamoxatva.
resursebi: leqsebis audioCanawerebi, furclebi leqsebis CamonaTvaliT.
189
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs daurigebs sxvadasxva
poetis im leqsebis CamonaTvals, romelTa audioCanaweric unda mois-
minon da sTxovs maT, TiToeuli teqstis gaswvriv Caweron, ra ganwyobas
gamoxatavs calkeuli maTgani. mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi Seasruleben
pirvel davalebas, maswavlebeli xelaxla moasmeninebs maT Canawers. am-
jerad moswavleebma unda isaubron sakuTar emociebsa da STabeWdile-
bebze, romeli leqsi/nawyveti moewonaT da ratom.
• esTetikuri kiTxva da Sefaseba;
• warmosaxvis unaris gamoyeneba;
• TviTgamoxatva.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 2, 5, 7; qarT. VIII. 2,
6, 7, 8.
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera

aqtivoba # 1. diskusia
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleebSi msjelobis,
kritikuli azrovnebisa da problemis gadawyvetis unaris ganviTarebas.
avarjiSebs moswavleebs azrebis mwyobrad gamoxatvasa da daskvnebis ga-
motanaSi, sadavo sakiTxebis gadaWrasa da alternatiuli gadawyvetile-
bebis moZebnaSi. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs samive mimar-
Tulebas.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• kritikuli mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• sakuTari azris Camoyalibebisa da dasabuTebis unar-Cvevebis gan-
viTareba;
• etiketuri metyvelebis, koreqtuli qcevis unar-Cvevebis ganvi-
Tareba.
resursebi: sasurvelia, moswavleTaTvis TvalsaCino adgilas iyos
gamokruli diskusiis wesebi.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: jgufuri.
aqtivobis aRwera:
• diskusiis dawyebamde maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaacnobs disku-
siis warmarTvis wesebsa da saTanado qcevis normebs. diskusiebSi
moswavleebs moeTxovebaT argumentirebuli msjeloba; gada w
190
yvetilebis miReba, diskusiis wesebis dacva (sasurvelia, es wesebi
Tavad moswavleebma SeimuSavon. magaliTad: roca ramis Tqma
gvsurs, xeli unda avwioT; ar SevawyvetinoT erTmaneTs sityva;
davicvaT reglamenti da a.S.). savaraudod, diskusiisas moswav-
leebi moismenen sxvadasxva Tvalsazriss da rwmundebian, rom ar-
sebobs uamravi problema, romelTac ara aqvT mxolod erTi ga
dawyveta. diskusiisaTvis efeqturia sam-xuT wevriani jgufebis 2
gamoyeneba, radganac yvelas eqneba SesaZlebloba wvlili Seita-
nos diskusiaSi rogorc msmenelma da rogorc sityviT gamom
svlelma. garda amisa, patara jgufebi salaparakod gamoiwvevs
gaubedav da pasiur moswavleebsac, romlebic, rogorc wesi, did
jgufebSi gamarTul ganxilvaSi ar iReben xolme monawileobas.
mcire sadiskusio jgufebSi moswavleebs SeuZliaT Camoayalibon
sakuTari azrebi da gaaaqtiuron subieqturi gamocdileba. vi-
Tarebidan gamomdinare, jgufebi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:
• moswavleebis survilis gaTvaliswinebiT;
• stiqiurad (magaliTad, moswavleebs vurigebT naxatebian / sxva-
dasxva feris baraTebs. erTnairnaxatiani / erTi feris baraTebis
mflobelebi erTiandebian erT jgufSi);
• jgufebis Semadgenloba SeiZleba gansazRvros Tavad maswavle-
belma.
rekomendebulia TiToeuli jgufis wevrisaTvis konkretuli mova-
leobis dakisreba (magaliTad, erTi argumentebs Camowers, meore eZebs
damatebiT masalas, mesame SekiTxvebs amzadebs, meoTxe warmoadgens jgu-
fis saerTo azrs da a.S.). jgufebi drodadro unda gadaxalisdes, raTa
moswavleebs mieceT saSualeba sxva TanatolebTan erTadac imuSaon.
sadiskusiod unda SeirCes iseTi sakiTxi, romlis irgvlivac gan
sxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba arsebobdes an daisvas iseTi prob-
lema, romlis gadaWris alternatiuli gzebi arsebobs. diskusiisas
mniSvnelovania imis codna, rom:
• ar arsebobs mcdari da swori azri; arsebobs dausabuTebeli da
dasabuTebuli mosazreba;
• diskusiis miznebi da wesebi winaswar aris gansazRvruli;
• diskusiis mTavari mizania, xeli Seuwyos jgufs gansaxilveli
sakiTxis Sesaxeb codnis gamomJRavnebasa da problemis gadawyve-
tisaTvis am codnis gamoyenebaSi;
• diskusia pasuxebis ganusazRvrel raodenobas warmoSobs da ar
moiTxovs erTaderT daskvnas;
• radganac arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi, sakuTari Tvalsaz-
risis dacvasTan erTad sxvebis Tvalsazrissac unda scen pativi;
• akritikeben azrebs da ara adamianebs;
• diskusiis dros saWiroa moswavleebs xeli SevuwyoT imaSi, rom maT:
191
• yuradRebiT moisminon yvela azri;
• dasvan SekiTxvebi;
• perifrazirebis, kiTxvis dasmis gziT daazuston gamoTqmuli
Tvalsazrisi (magaliTad, „Tu sworad gavige, Sen ambob, rom...“);
• ikamaTon konstruqciulad;
• Seajamon diskusiisas gamoTqmuli azri;
• gadaamowmon variantebi.
Sefaseba: diskusiis dros maswavlebeli akontrolebs, icaven Tu ara
monawileebi diskusiis wesebs da iniSnavs maT pasuxebs, raTa Seafasos
moswavleebi. ar aris mizanSewonili, rom maswavlebelma diskusiaSi
aSkarad gamoxatos sakuTari pozicia. man unda Seafasos argumentebi da
ara poziciis marTebuloba. sasurvelia gamoviyenoT jgufis Sefasebis
anketa, romelic SeiZleba Seavsos jgufis erTma wevrma (jgufis saer-
To poziciis gamosaxatavad) an jgufis TiToeulma wevrma.
anketis nimuSi:
diax ara zogjer
diskusiaSi monawileobda da
azrs gamoTqvamda jgufis
yvela wevri. komunikacia
interaqtiuli iyo.
jgufis wevrebi xSirad
svamdnen SekiTxvebs azris
dasazusteblad da/an
procesis gaaqtiurebis
mizniT.
diskusia ar gascilebia Temas.
daculi iyo diskusiis wesebi.
• sasurvelia, diskusiis Catarebas win uZRodes mosamzadebeli eta-
pi diskusiis Temis Sesabamisi sxvadasxva saxis masalebis moZiebiTa
da gacnobiT. mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi SeiZleba warimarTos mas-
wavleblis xelmaZRvanelobiT (mag., maswavlebelma dausaxelos
moswavleebs saTanado masalebi/wyaroebi, sxv.).
• ama Tu im problemur sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT diskusiis mowyobas
sasurvelia mieces sistematuri saxe.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 3, 4; qarT. VII. 7, 10;
qarT. VII. 11, 12.
192
aqtivoba # 2: miambeT!3
varianti (b)
detaluri Txroba SeiZleba iyos ori saxis: Tavisufali, rome lic
ukavSirdeba wakiTxuli an mosmenili nawarmoebiT miRebul pirvel
STabeWdilebas. moswavle sakuTari sityvebiT gadmoscems nawarmoebis
detalur Sinaarss; danarCenebi usmenen da afaseben, ramdenad zustad
2
da TanamimdevrobiT aris gadmocemuli Sinaarsi, xom ar aris gamotove-
buli mniSvnelovani movlena / faqti. mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi mois-
menen ama Tu im nawarmoebs, maT SeZlebisdagvarad zustad unda aRadgi
non teqstis Sinaarsi. detaluri Txrobis meore saxe gulisxmobs imas,
Tu ramdenad axlos aris moswavlis monaTxrobi avtoriseul versiasTan
ara marto SinaarsiT, aramed mwerlis enis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod,
iyenebs Tu ara moswavle avtoriseul leqsikas, mxatvrul saSualebebs.
Sefaseba: detaluri Txrobis dros fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:
• wakiTxuli teqstis realiebis zustad gadmocema;
• Txrobisas Tanamimdevrulobis dacva;
• mwerliseuli leqsikisa da enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSuale-
bebis gamoyeneba (meore saxis detaluri Txrobis SemTxvevaSi).
meToduri miTiTeba: detaluri Txroba ar gulisxmobs teqstis ze-
pirad daswavlas. es aqtivoba erTdroulad amowmebs gaazrebuli kiT
xvis unars (Tu moswavles teqsts wavakiTxebT), mosmenisa da yuradRebis
koncentrirebis, agreTve, mosmenili informaciis damaxsovrebis unars
(Tu moswavles movasmeninebT teqsts).
varianti (g)
mokle Sinaarsis Txroba
mokle Sinaarsis gadmocema gacilebiT rTulia, vidre detaluri Si-
naarsisa, radgan moswavlem unda SeZlos teqstis imgvarad `SekumSva~,
rom ar daikargos Txrobis logika, mxatvruli teqstis yvelaze mniS-
vnelovani detalebi. sxva sityvebiT, moswavlem unda SeZlos mTavari-
sa da arsebiTis garCeva meorexarisxovanisagan. amisaTvis aucilebelia
winaswari momzadeba: abzacis an Tavis/qveTavis mTavari azris gansaz-
Rvra, amis safuZvelze gegmis Sedgena da Sedgenili gegmis isev Txro
biT teqstad gadaqceva. magaliTad, Tu moswavles vTxovT, gviambos
òTaraanT qvrivis~ Sinaarsi, amisaTvis saWiroa, rom man saTaurebze
dayrdnobiT TiToeuli Tavidan amoiRos mTavari. SeiZleba klasSi mo-
visminoT alternatiuli variantebi da SevCerdeT iseTze, romelSic
yvelaze dawurulad iqneba SenarCunebuli mTavari.
3
aRniSnuli aqtivoba warmogvidgens zepirmetyvelebis mimarTulebis # 1 aqtivobis
or modificirebul (b, g) variants. ix. zemoT, mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba,
àqtivoba # 1. miambeT!~.
193
• Tanamimdevruli Txroba;
• arsebiTisa da araarsebiTis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna.
meToduri miTiTeba: es aqtivoba kompleqsuria, radgan igi zepirme-
tyvelebis unaris ganviTarebasTan erTad, xels uwyobs gaazrebuli
kiTxvisa da weris unaris ganviTarebasac im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavle
ebi Txrobis gegmas werilobiT Seadgenen.
gamokrebili Sinaarsi
es aris teqstis calkeuli fragmentis Txroba maswavleblis miTiTebis
safuZvelze (magaliTad, miambe is monakveTi, romelSic aRwerilia TaTqa-
riZis daojaxebis ambavi; miambe, rogor mokvda orbelaZe, misT.).
resursi: teqsti saxelmZRvanelodan.
Sefaseba: Sefasdeba, axerxebs Tu ara moswavle mTliani teqstidan
miTiTiebuli adgilis zustad amoRebasa da mis detalurad gadmocemas
(ise, rom ar dakargos yvelaze mniSvnelovani).
meToduri miTiTeba: imisaTvis rom Semowmdes, ramdenad kargad aqvs
moswavles teqsti gaazrebuli, SesaZlebelia davalebis pirobis gar-
Tuleba raime saxis damatebiTi miniSnebiT. magaliTad, `miambe is epizo-
di, romelSic Cans Tornike erisTavis kacTmoyvareoba~.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 1; qarT. VII. 7; qarT. VII. 14.
mimarTuleba: kiTxva, wera

aqtivoba #1. vqmniT reklamas
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba emsaxureba funqciuri/miznobrivi teq
stebis weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; xels uwyobs analitikuri
azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis, agreTve darwmunebis strategiebis amoc-
noba-gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas sareklamo teqstebis ga
analizebisa da Seqmnis gziT. aqtivoba ganaviTarebs wignierebis, me
dia
wignierebis, semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs; garkveul Sem
TxvevebSi ki _ plurilingvuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs (dargobrivi
leqsikis gamoyenebis gziT). aqtivoba tardeba 4 etapad.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• darwmunebis strategiebis amocnobisa da gamoyenebis unar-Cveve-
bis ganviTareba;
• modelis mixedviT funqciuri teqstis Seqmnis unaris ganviTareba;
• weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• wignierebis, mediawignierebisa da semiotikuri wignierebis unar
-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• plurilingvuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
194
aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (III etapi),
individualuri (IV etapi).
resursebi: winaswar SerCeuli sareklamo teqsti, saweri baraTebi,
dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalami, rveuli.
aqtivobis aRwera:
I etapi _ maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs reklamebze, sarekla-
2
mo teqstebze, zepirad gamohkiTxavs moswavleebs maTi sayvareli/maT-
Tvis saintereso reklamebis Sesaxeb; dainteresdeba, ratom moswons ama
Tu im moswavles konkretuli reklama, esmis Tu ara misi gzavnili (mag.,
viyidoT esa Tu is produqcia, materialurad davexmaroT ama Tu im
wamowyebas/organizacias; gavxdeT ama Tu im sazogadoebis/asociaciis
wevrebi, gamovxatoT Cveni pozicia konkretul sakiTxze da sxv.). sau-
bars maswavlebeli warmarTavs iqiTken, rom moswavleebma gaacnobieron
sareklamo teqstebis mTavari mizani _ auditoriaze zegavlenis moxdena.
sareklamo teqstis amocanaa, daarwmunos auditoria imaSi, rom aucile-
belia/kargia/sasargebloa raime konkretuli qmedebis ganxorcieleba.
mag., mkiTxvelis / msmenelis / mayureblis darwmuneba imaSi, rom iyi
don konkretuli nivTi, xma miscen konkretul kandidats, daexmaron
konkretul adamians da sxv. reklamam unda daarwmunos adamianebi, rom
Tuki gaakeTeben imas, riskenac reklama mogviwodebs, maTi cxovrebis
pirobebi gaumjobesdeba, isini ufro janmrTelebi (lamazebi) iqnebian,
miiReben siamovnebas, miaRweveb warmatebas da sxv.
maswavlebeli moswavleebis yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs agreTve
sareklamo teqstebis erT-erT umTavres maxasiaTebelze _ lakoniuro-
baze. grZel, arasaWiro detalebiT gadatvirTul sareklamo teqsts
adamianis goneba Znelad aRiqvams. amgvarad, aseTi reklama mizans ver
miaRwevs.
II etapi _ maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs darwmunebis stra
tegiebze. dafaze gamosaxavs da gaacnobs maT darwmunebis strategiebis
amsaxvel ritorikul samkuTxeds4.
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli gaacnobs moswavleebs winaswar SerCeul
mokle sareklamo teqsts _ waikiTxavs mas xmamaRla, Semdeg dawers da-
faze an daurigebs moswavleebs winaswar momzadebul baraTebs, rom-
lebzedac es teqstia dawerili. sasurvelia, SeirCes imgvari teqsti,
romelSic darwmunebis samive xerxia (emocia, sarwmunooba, logika)
gamoyenebuli. SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma sagangebod SeTxzas mokle
sareklamo teqsti saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad (ix. qvemoT nimuSi).
4
ritorikul samkuTxedTan dakavSirebiT ix. zemoT, mimarTuleba: wera, weriTi
namuSevrebis ZiriTadi saxeobebi: argumentirebuli ese, II. darwmunebis strategiebi.
195
nimuSi. sareklamo teqsti:
`cnobili saerTaSoriso farmacevtuli kompania ÀBC~ warmogid-
genT namdvil siaxles stomatologiaSi _ kbilis pastas àlublikos~!!!
àlubliko~ Seqmnilia unikaluri teqnologiiT _ bunebrivi produqtis
gamoyenebiT. alublis naturalur wvenze damzadebuli kbilis pasta
gagrZnobinebT alublis _ am ugemrielesi xilis sasiamovno aromatsa
da gemos, xolo C da A vitamini, romlebiTac mdidaria alubali, saime-
dod daicavs Tqvens RrZilebs sisxlnaklebobisagan. gamoiyeneT àlu-
bliko~, raTa datkbeT zafxulis aromatiT da gaiRimoT mudam Tamamad.
àlubliko~ _ mowonebulia saqarTvelos stomatologTa kavSiris mier~.
III etapi _ SeTavazebul sareklamo teqsts maswavlebeli moswavle-
Ta TanamonawileobiT daamuSavebs dafaze `ritorikuli samkuTxedis”
gamoyenebiT. amisaTvis igi dafaze Camowers `ritorikul samkuTxedze”
warmodgenil samive xerxs, Semdeg ki TiToeul maTgans miuwers Sesa-
bamis adgilebs sanimuSo teqstidan (am samuSaos Sesasruleblad mas-
wavlebelma SeiZleba dafasTan moswavleebi gamoiyvanos). sabolood
sanimuSo sareklamo teqsti amgvar saxes miiRebs:
1. emocia: gagrZnobinebT alublis _ am ugemrielesi xilis sasiam-
ovno aromatsa da gemos; datkbebiT zafxulis aromatiT; gaiRimebT
yovelTvis Tamamad.
2. sarwmunooba: (awarmoebs) cnobili saerTaSoriso kompania; namdvi-
li siaxlea; Seqmnilia unikaluri teqnologiiT _ bunebrivi produqtis
gamoyenebiT; alublis naturalur wvenzea damzadebuli; mowonebulia
saqarTvelos stomatologTa kavSiris mier.
3. logika: mdidaria C da A vitaminebiT. vitaminebi saimedod icavs
RrZilebs sisxlnaklebobisagan.
dabolos, Sejamebis saxiT, maswavlebeli moswavleebis Tanamonaw-
ileobiT gaaanalizebs, rom sareklamo teqstSi ama Tu im winadadebis
calkeuli nawilebi SeiZleba darwmunebis sxvadasxva strategias Sees-
abamebodes. mag. winadadeba: àlublis naturalur wvenze damzadebuli
kbilis pasta gagrZnobinebT alublis _ am ugemrielesi xilis sasiamov-
no aromatsa da gemos~. pirveli oTxi sityva `sarwmunoobis~ jgufisaa,
bolo 6 sityva _ èmociis~ jgufisa.
sareklamo teqstze muSaobisas maswavlebelma yuradReba unda gaa-
maxvilos teqstis sasveni niSnebiT gaformebaze. mag., Zaxilis niSani
sanimuSo sareklamo teqstis pirveli winadadebis bolos Zlieri emo-
ciuri muxtis Sesaqmneladaa gamoyenebuli; tire meore winadadeba-
Si gamokveTs logikur kavSirs winadadebis pirvel da meore nawilebs
Soris (cxadyofs unikaluri teqnologiis arss, romelic naturaluri
produqtis gamoyenebaSi mdgomareobs).
IV etapi _ moswavleebi rveulebSi gadaiweren dafaze gamosaxul ritori-
kul samkuTxedsa da Canawerebs, agreTve momzadebul sareklamo teqsts.
196
saSinao davalebis saxiT maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moamza-
don sareklamo teqsti ritorikul samkuTxedze gamosaxuli sami xer
xis gamoyenebiT. `sareklamo produqcia~ moswavleebma SeiZleba klas-
Sive SearCion zepiri gziT (maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT). SeiZleba
SeirCes sami-oTxi an meti saxis `produqciac~, raTa moswavleebs meti
saSualeba hqondeT asarCevad. sareklamo teqstis momzadebisas mos-
wavleebma ar unda daiviwyon sareklamo teqstis Semqmnelis/avtoris 2
(kompaniis, organizaciis, misT.) miTiTebac. Sin muSaobis dros mos-
wavleebs reklamis gasaformeblad SeuZliaT gamoiyenon suraTebi, fo-
toebi, moamzadon naxatebi, daxaton `sareklamo produqciis~ mwarmoe-
beli kompaniis logo; SearCion musika, romlis TanxlebiTac waikiTxaven
teqsts da misT.
aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 20-25 wuTi.
• funqciuri/miznobrivi teqstis gaanalizeba;
• darwmunebis strategiebis amocnoba;
• darwmunebis strategiebis gamoyeneba;
• funqciuri teqstis Seqmna modelis mixedviT;
• saTanado dargobrivi leqsikis gamoyeneba;
• funqciuri teqstis gaformeba Sesabamisi dizainiT.
sareklamo teqstis Sesaqmnelad SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes dar-
gobrivi leqsikis gamoyeneba. mag., sanimuSo sareklamo teqstSi gamo
yenebulia dargobrivi leqsika: `farmacevtuli”, `stomatologTa ka-
vSiri”, À da C vitaminebi”, `sisxlnakleboba”. gakveTilze SerCeuli
`sareklamo produqciis” raobis Sesabamisad, maswavlebelma SeiZleba
winaswar gaamaxvilos moswavleebis yuradReba saSinao davalebis Sesas-
ruleblad saWiro dargobriv leqsikaze.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: musika, xelovneba (sareklamo teqstis gafor-
meba), mecniereba (mecnierebis istoria). amas garda, aqtivoba aviTarebs
analitikuri da logikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic Tanabrad
saWiroa mecnierebis nebismieri dargis Seswavlisas.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 7, 8; qarT. VII. 11, 12.
197
aqtivoba # 2. vwerT TxrobiT teqsts5
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba emsaxureba funqciuri/miznobrivi
teqstebis weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; xels uwyobs logikuri
azrovnebis, informaciis qronologiuri niSniT daxarisxebis unar-
Cvevebis ganviTarebas, weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.
aqtivoba ganaviTarebs semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs (grafiku-
li maorganizeblis gamoyenebis gziT). igi gamiznulia weris wina da
weris Semdgomi etapebisaTvis.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• funqciuri teqstebis weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• logikuri azrovnebis, informaciis qronologiuri niSniT daxa
risxebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (I etapi),
individualuri (II etapi).
resursebi: winaswar SerCeuli TxrobiTi teqsti, dafa, carci/mar
keri, saweri kalami, rveuli.
aqtivobis aRwera:
maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs TxrobiT xasiaTis teqsteb-
ze _ isini gadmogvcems avtorisaTvis mniSvnelovan ambavs, movlenas/
faqts. mkiTxvelze STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad teqsti unda Seicavdes
detalebs, romlebic Seesatyviseba 6 kiTxvas: vin? ra? sad? ratom?
rogor? rodis? (vis SeemTxva/vin monawileobda, ra moxda, sad moxda,
ratom moxda, rogor moxda, rodis moxda).
winaswar SerCeuli mokle TxrobiTi teqstis gacnobis Semdeg mas-
wavlebeli moswavleTa yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs am saxis teqstebis
erT-erT ZiriTad maxasiaTebelze. esaa faqtebis/movlenebis gadmoce-
ma droiTi Tanamimdevrobis dacviT _ pirvelad moxseniebulia faqti/
movlena, romelic moxda Txrobis dasawyisSi, meore adgilzea movlena/
faqti, romelic mohyva mas da a.S.; Seaxsenebs agreTve TxrobiTi teq
stis samnawilian struqturas (Sesavali, Sua nawili, dasasruli).
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron TxrobiTi
teqsti èqskursiaze” (uaxloes warsulSi organizebul eqskursiaze,
romelic moswavlebs kargad emaxsovrebaT).
maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, erTad gaixsenon eqskursiis dRe
da dafaze gamosaxavs droiTi Tanamimdevrobis grafikul maorganizebels
_ e.w. `drois isars”. `drois isari” Seivseba zepiri gziT, mTeli klasis
monawileobiT (Sesavsebad maswavlebelma SeiZleba dafasTan gamoiyvanos
5
damatebiT ix. zemoT, àbzacis saxeebi: aRweriTi abzaci~, agreTve `weriTi
namuSevris ZiriTadi saxeebi: aRweriTi ese~.
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moswavleebi). muSaobis dros maswavlebeli kiTxvebs usvams moswavleebs,
qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis gamosaxatavad iyenebs drois zmnizedebs:
Tavdapirvelad, jer, mere, amis Semdeg, bolos da misT. (pirvelad ra mox-
da? amis Semdeg ra moxda? am dros ra moxda? da misT.)
drois isris pirveli punqtze warmodgenili unda iyos 5 ZiriTadi
kiTxva (vin? ra? sad? ratom? rogor?), romelic dakavSirebuli iqneba
punqtTan `Sesavali~. 2
muSaoba detalebze. `drois isris” Sevsebis Semdeg maswavlebeli

SearCevs erT-erT punqts, gamosaxuls droiT isarze (mag., `Sekreba
gamgzavrebis adgilze”) da hkiTxavs moswavleebs, xom ar axsovT, moxda
Tu ara raime saintereso, uCveulo/sasacilo am dros; an ram moaxdina
gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba. gamokiTxva gagrZeldeba manamde, sanam
de moswavleebi ar gaixseneben erT-or detals, romlebsac maswavlebe-
li sanimuSod daitans `drois isris” Sesabamis punqtTan. Semdeg aux-
snis moswavleebs am detalebis (saintereso faqti/faqtebi, uCveulo/
sasacilo SemTxveva, Zlieri piradi STabeWdileba, emocia, sxv.) mniS
vnelobas _ maT gareSe Txroba gamova mSrali, uintereso, Tanac yvela
moswavlis naweri SeiZleba Zalian daemsgavsos erTmaneTs. moswavleeb-
ma kargad unda gaacnobieron, rom weriTi namuSevris Sedgenisas maTi
amocanaa, SeZlebisdagvarad gaamdidron drois isarze gamosaxuli Ti-
Toeuli punqti ama Tu im saxis Sesabamisi detalebiT.
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron TxrobiTi
teqsti. gaafrTxilebs maT, rom werisas maT unda:
1. srulad gamoiyenon `drois isarze” asaxuli informacia;
2. daicvan droiTi Tanamimdevroba _ gayvnen `drois isars”;
3. `drois isris” pirveli punqtis miTiTebebi (vin? ra? sad? ra-
tom? rogor?) gamoiyenon teqstis Sesavali nawilis dasawerad (mag.,
`14 oqtombers mTeli Cveni klasi saskolo avtobusiT gaemgzavra eq-
skursiaze mcxeTaSi. win grZeli gza gveloda/gvqonda, amitom yvelani
dilis 7 saaTze SevikribeT skolis win, CavsxediT avtobusSi da gavemar-
TeT mcxeTisaken~).
4. gamoiyenon droiTi Tanamimdevrobis aRmniSvneli sityvebi (jer,
mere, sul bolos, misT.);
5. daamaton rac SeiZleba meti detali (piradi STabeWdileba, emocia,
konkretuli faqti, sxv.) `drois isarze” gamosaxul TiToeul punqts.
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instruqciis micemis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dawe
ron TxrobiTi teqsti `drois isarze” asaxul informaciaze dayrdno-
biT.
samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-
Sevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT namuSevrebs pozitiuri mxareebis
gamokveTiT; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs aZlevs damatebiT mi-
TiTebebsa da rCevebs.
dasasrul, maswavlebeli daavalebs moswavleebs, daweron saxlSi
TxrobiTi xasiaTis Txzuleba (mag., èrTi uCveulo dRe”). Seaxsenebs
maT, rom werisas daicvan droiTi Tanamimdevroba, gamoiyenon detalebi
da drois aRmniSvneli zmnizedebi; sTxovs maT, moamzadon teqstis Sesa
bamisi `drois isari”.
• informaciis daxarisxeba qronologiuri niSniT;
• grafikuli maorganizeblis gamoyeneba;
• TxrobiTi teqstis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis amocnoba da gamoyeneba;
• TxrobiTi teqstis Seqmna mocemuli modelisa da miTiTebebis
mixedviT.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 9; qarT. VII. 13, 14.
aqtivoba # 3. me da Cemi Tanaavtori

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamiznulia weris etapisaTvis. igi xels
uwyobs pirovnuli da/an literaturuli gamocdilebis werilobiT gad-
mocemis, SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas; stimuls aZlevs
moswavleTa mxatvrul warmosaxvas, maTi TviTgamoxatvis process. aq-
tivobis mimdinareobisas moswavleebi muSaoben erTmaneTTan Tanaavto-
robiT da saerTo ZalisxmeviT qmnian mxatvrul teqsts.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• mxatvruli warmosaxvis ganviTareba;
• logikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: wyviluri/jgufuri.
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri furceli, kalami.
aqtivobis aRwera:
maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, daweron/SeTxzan mxatvru-
li teqsti im dasawyisis safuZvelze, romelsac igi dafaze dawers (es
200
SeiZleba iyos erTi an meti winadadeba, erTi abzaci...). SeTavazebuli
dasawyisi SeiZleba SeTxzuli iyos Tavad maswavleblis mier an aRebu-
li iyos romelime Txzulebidan, romelsac moswavleebi ar icnoben.
moswavleebma unda gaagrZelon ambis Txroba wyvilebSi (an jgufebSi)
muSaobis gziT. TiToeul wyvils maswavlebeli daurigebs TiTo-TiTo
sawer furcels da gaacnobs moswavleebs samuSaos Sesrulebis wess;
afrTxilebs maT, rom teqstze samuSaod maT aqvT 18-20 wuTi. 2
teqstis Seqmnaze mewyvileebi muSaoben rigrigobiT, iyeneben erTsa
da imave furcels _ jer erTi mewyvile dawers winadadebas/winadade-
bebs an abzacs, gadascems furcels Tavis mewyviles, romelic gaec-
noba megobris nawers da gaagrZelebs ambis Txrobas. Semdeg furceli
isev daubrundeba pirvel mewyviles, romelic gaecnoba, ra dawera misma
megobarma (meore mewyvilem), gaagrZelebs mis Txrobas da a.S.
mewyvileebma unda gamokveTon da daicvan siuJeturi xazi, gagrZe-
lebebi ar unda iyos winaaRmdegobrivi da urTierTgamomricxavi _ esaa
aucilebeli moTxovna, romelsac maswavlebeli weris dawyebamde gaac-
nobs moswavleebs. sasurvelia, rom mewyvileebis mier Seqmnil teqstSi
aRreuli ar iyos enobrivi, stilisturi, Janruli da an formobrivi
maxasiaTeblebi.
samuSaos dasrulebamde 5 wuTiT adre maswavlebeli gaafrTxilebs
moswavleebs, rom dro iwureba (`gafrTxilebT, rom dagrCaT 5 wuTi~)
da mouwodebs maT, gamoiyenon darCenili dro teqstis dasasruleblad.
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi xmamaRla waikiTxaven
TavianT Txzulebebs. wakiTxvis Semdeg gaimarTeba msjeloba mosmenili
Txzulebebis Sesaxeb.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maswavleblis mier SeTavazebuli dasawyisi rome-
lime Txzulebidanaa aRebuli, maswavlebeli moswavleebs mokled gaac-
nobs mis Sinaarss (an daavalebs aRniSnuli Txzulebis wakiTxvas saSinao
davalebis saxiT).
• mxatvruli warmosaxvis unaris gamovlena weris dros;
• siuJeturi xazis ageba da dacva;
• logikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis gamovlena;
• enobriv-stilisturi da Janrobrivi maxasiaTeblebis gaTvalis-
wineba;
• TanamSromloba.
meToduri miTiTeba: aqtivobis Catareba SeiZleba agreTve moswav-
leebis mcire jgufebad dayofis gziT.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 3; qarT. VII. 7, 9;
qarT. VII. 11, 13, 14.
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aqtivoba # 4. davarwmunoT patarebi, davarwmunoT didebi
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba emsaxureba funqciuri/miznobrivi teq
stebis weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; xels uwyobs analitikuri az-
rovnebis unar-Cvevebis, agreTve darwmunebis strategiebis gamoyenebis
unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas (sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis gamiznuli
sareklamo teqstebis Seqmnis gziT). aqtivoba ganaviTarebs wigniere-
bis, mediawignierebis, semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs; garkveul
SemTxvevebSi _ plurilingvuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs (dargobrivi
leqsikis gamoyenebis gziT). aqtivoba gamiznuli weris wina da weris
Semdegomi etapebisaTvis.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• darwmunebis strategiebis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• konkretuli auditoriis Sesabamisi funqciuri/miznobrivi teq
stis Seqmnis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• wignierebis, mediawignierebisa da semiotikuri wignierebis unar
-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis muSaoba (I etapi); wyvi-
luri (III etapi).
resursebi: winaswar SerCeuli sareklamo teqstebi, saweri baraTebi,
dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalami, rveuli.
aqtivobis aRwera:
aqtivobis dawyebamde maswavlebeli Seaxsenebs moswavleebs dar
wmunebis sam strategias, sareklamo teqstis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs
da SesTavazebs maT, daweron 2 sareklamo teqsti: 1. reklama, romelic
bavSvebisaTvis iqneba gamiznuli; 2. reklama, romelic ufrosebisaTvis
iqneba gamiznuli.
I etapi _ maswavlebeli dafis zeda nawilSi gamosaxavs darwmunebis
sam strategias, Semdeg dafis Tavisufal ares gayofs or nawilad.
marcxena svetSi dawers: `bavSvebi”, marjvena svetSi _ ùfrosebi”. goneb
rivi ieriSis gziT, mTeli klasis TanamonawileobiT, daiwyeba muSaoba
svetebis Sevsebaze. marcxena svetSi Caiwereba, ra aris mniSvnelovani
bavSvebisaTvis/ra uyvarT bavSvebs (mag., garToba, TamaSi, ardadegebi,
sporti, nayini, tkbili wveni, sasunavi, misT.), marjvena svetSi _ ra aris
mniSvnelovani ufrosebisaTvis /ra uyvarT ufrosebs (janmrTeli kveba,
janmrTelobis dacva, gemrieli sakvebi, prestiJuloba, garegnuli si-
lamaze, misT.).
gonebrivi ieriSis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli Seajamebs Sede-
gebs. savaraudod, aRmoCndeba, rom svetebSi aris rogorc saerTo, ise
gansxvavebuli sityvebi (mag., janmrTelobis dacva, naturaluri pro-
duqtebis gamoyeneba, zafxulis ardadegebi, misT.). darwmunebis stra
202
tegiebis TvalsazrisiT ki gamoikveTeba, rom bavSvebisaTvis wamyvania
emociebi, ufrosebisaTvis ki _ sarwmunooba da logika.
maswavlebeli gaacnobierebinebs bavSvebs, rom sareklamo teqstis
dawerisas maT unda gaiTvaliswinon miRebuli Sedegebi. bavSvebisaTvis
gamiznul sareklamo teqstSi yuradReba unda mieqces emociur mxares,
ufrosebisaTvis gamiznul teqstSi ki _ sarwmunoobasa da logikas.
II etapi _ amis Semdeg iwyeba muSaoba sareklamo teqstis samuSao 2
variantze. amisaTvis maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos moswavleebi-
saTvis ukve nacnobi sareklamo teqsti. igi xmamaRla waukiTxavs moswav-
leebs am teqsts da SesTavazebs maT, Seudaron masSi asaxuli informa-
cia svetebis monacemebs.
muSaoba unda daiwyos ùfrosebis” svetiT. teqstis da svetis mo-
nacemebis urTierTSedarebis gziT gairkveva, rom aRniSnuli sareklamo
teqsti, ZiriTadad, akmayofilebs ùfrosebis” svetis moTxovnebs (sar-
wmunooba, sandooba, socialuri prestiJi, garegnuli mxare). amdenad,
maswavlebeli moswavleebis TanamonawileobiT, daaskvnis, rom aRniSnu-
li sareklamo teqsti ufrosebzea gaTvlili.
amis Semdeg muSaoba gagrZeldeba im mizniT, rom teqsti gadakeTdes
bavSvebisaTvis. nimuSis saCveneblad maswavlebels SeuZlia modelire-
bis /xmamaRla fiqris strategiis gamoyenebiT dafaze daweros teqs-
ti bavSvebisaTvis (bavSvebisaTvis gadaakeTos samuSao teqsti) _ gaaZ
lieros èmociis” mxare.
nimuSi. teqsti bavSvebisaTvis:

`giyvars garToba? ginda, rom kbilebis mosabezrebeli gamoxexva nam-
dvil TamaSad gadaiqces? maSin gamoiyene àlubliko~ _ axali kbilis
pasta bavSvebisaTvis. aqafebuli àlublikos~ pawawina ferad-feradi
buStebi gagaxsenebs mxiarul garTobas sapnis buStebiT, alublis sasi-
amovno gemo ki _ Sens sayvarel zafxulis ardadegebs. kompania ÀBC~ _
gaverToT erTad!~
(gamoyenebulia marcxena svetis sityvebi: garToba, mxiaruleba, ar-
dadegebi, gemrieli sakvebi).
maswavlebelma sagangebod unda gaamaxvilos yuradReba gan
sxvavebul enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebze, romlebic gamo
yenebulia 2 sareklamo teqstSi. patarebis reklama dawerilia uSualo
stiliT, energiuli ritmiT (dialoguri metyveleba, SekiTxvebis dasma,
mxolobiTi ricxvis zmnuri formebis gamoyeneba); ufrosebis reklama
_ sainformacio teqstis stilis dacviT. bavSvebisaTvis Seqmnil teq
stSi amoRebulia mTeli rigi sityvebi/frazebi sawyisi teqstidan. ese-
nia: cnobili saerTaSoriso kompania, vitaminebi, Tamami Rimili (vizua
luri efeqti), janmrTelobis dacva, radgan es informacia bavSvisaTvis
naklebad sainteresoa. aqcenti gakeTebulia garTobaze, mxiarulebaze,
203
TviT produqciis mwarmoebeli kompaniac ki teqstSi Cndeba Tanatolis/
megobris saxiT, romelic bavSvebs erTad garTobas sTavazobs, pasta ki
mowodebulia, rogorc `kbilis pasta bavSvebisaTvis~.
III etapi _ moswavleebi daiyofian wyvilebad. maswavlebeli dau-
rigebs maT baraTebs winaswar momzadebuli mokle sareklamo teqstiT,
romelic didebisTvis an patarebisTvisaa gamiznuli. mewyvileebma unda
ga
daakeTon teqsti, Sesabamisad, ufrosi an umcrosi asakis audito
riisaTvis. muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen Ta
vianT namuSevrebs. maswavlebeli maT Seafasebs pozitiuri mxareebis
gamokveTiT. wardgenas SeiZleba mieces erTgvari Sejibris saxec, rom-
lis Sedegad gamovlindeba saukeTeso namuSevari/namuSevrebi.
saSinao davalebis saxiT maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs,
moamzadon 2 reklama erTsa da imave produqciaze/Temaze: erTi didebi-
saTvis, meore patarebisaTvis. sareklamo teqstis momzadebisas mos-
wavleebma ar unda daiviwyon sareklamo teqstis Semqmnelis/avtoris
(kompaniis, organizaciis, misT.) miTiTebac. Sin muSaobis dros moswav-
leebs reklamis gasaformeblad SeuZliaT gamoiyenon suraTebi, foto
ebi, moamzadon naxatebi, daxaton `sareklamo produqciis” mwarmoebe-
li kompaniis logo; SearCion musika, romlis TanxlebiTac waikiTxaven
teqsts da misT.
• funqciuri teqstis gaanalizeba;
• darwmunebis strategiebis gamoyeneba;
• funqciuri teqstis Seqmna modelis mixedviT;
• funqciuri teqstis Seqmna sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis;
• funqciuri teqstis gaformeba Sesabamisi dizainiT.
meToduri miTiTebebi: aqtivoba unda Catardes mxolod mas Semdeg,
rodesac moswavleebi kargad gaacnobiereben darwmunebis startegiebs;
eqnebaT garkveuli gamocdileba sareklamo teqstebis SeTxzvisa e.w.
ritorikuli samkuTxedis gamoyenebiT (ix. amasTan dakavSirebiT aqtivo-
ba `vqmniT reklamas~, qarT. VII. 11, # 1).
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: musika, xelovneba (sareklamo teqstis gafor-
meba). amas garda, aqtivoba aviTarebs analitikuri da logikuri az-
rovnebis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic Tanabrad saWiroa mecnierebis nebis
mieri dargis Seswavlis dros.
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aqtivoba # 5. modiT, aRvweroT6
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da moicavs kiTxvisa
da weris mimarTulebebs. igi emsaxureba kiTxvisa da teqstis analizis
unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, funqciuri weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cve-
vebis ganviTarebas. aqtivoba xels uwyobs agreTve kategorizaciisa da
semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas (teqstisa da gra-
fikuli maorganizeblis monacemebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebis gziT). 2
aqtivoba tardeba 2 etapad: misi organizeba SeiZleba or sxvadasxva

gakveTilze (pirveli etapi _ erTi gakveTilis nawili, meore etapi _
meore dRis gakveTilis nawili) an erT gakveTilze (am SemTxvevaSi aq-
tivobis Catarebas dasWirdeba erTi sruli gakveTili).
aqtivobis miznebi:
• teqstis analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• informaciis daxarisxebis, kategorizaciis unar-Cvevebis ganvi-
Tareba;
• semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• funqciuri weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
resursebi: dafa an didi formatis qaRaldi, carci/markeri, fur-
clebi samuSao teqstiTa da sqemiT (winaswar gaTvlili raodenobiT),
saweri kalmebi.
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli gaesaubreba bavSvebs aRweriTi tipis
teqstebze, romlebsac sxvagvarad `sityvier suraTebsac~ uwodeben da
sagangebod gaamaxvilebs yuradRebas: a) aRweriTi teqstebis mizanze
_ rac SeiZleba ufro naTlad da cocxlad warmoudginos mkiTxvels
aRsaweri obieqti calkeuli detalebis Cvenebis meSveobiT. detalebi
miemarTeba adamianis xuT sensorul organos da asaxavs, rogoria aRsa
weri obieqtis garegnuli iersaxe, surneli, xmianoba, faqtura (magari,
rbili) da gemo; b) aRweriTi teqstebis sivrcul organizaciul yalibze,
romlis gamoyenebis dros aRsaweri obieqti/obieqtebi warmodgenilia
sivrceSi misi/maTi mdebareobisa Tu ganlagebis mixedviT. maswavlebeli
ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom avtoris gadasawyvetia, konkretulad, ra
mimdevrobiT/mimarTulebiT unda warimarTos aRwera: avtoris xedvis
kuTxidan marcxnidan marjvniv Tu piriqiT; qvemodan zemoT Tu piriqiT,
garedan SigniT Tu piriqiT, axlodan Sors Tu piriqiT, sxv.
I etapi _ maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, waikiTxon SerCeuli
aRweriTi teqsti da gaaanalizon igi mocemuli sqemis mixedviT; Semdeg
6
damatebiT ix. zemoT, àbzacis saxeebi: aRweriTi abzaci~, agreTve `weriTi
namuSevris ZiriTadi saxeebi: aRweriTi ese~.
205
dayofs klass wyvilebad da daurigebs maT aRweriTi tipis teqstsa da
sqemas (ix. qvemoT).
igive sqema unda iyos gamosaxuli dafaze an didi formatis qa
Raldze, romelsac maswavlebeli dafaze gaakravs.
sqema.
adamianis xuTi grZnobis winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi

organo
mxedveloba • zoma, moculoba:
• feri:
• sigrZe, sigane:
smena
Sexeba
ynosva
gemo
aRweris mimarTuleba winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi
(mimdevrobis dacviT)
marjvnidan marcxniv7
maswavlebeli xmamaRla waukiTxavs moswavleebs winaswar SerCeul

teqsts da ganumartavs moswavleebs, rogor unda Seavson sqema. nimuSis
saCveneblad Tavad Seavsebs sqemas erTi-ori monacemiT. amis Semdeg
ki sTxovs moswavleebs, gaagrZelon sqemis Sevseba wyvilebSi muSaobis
gziT.
nimuSi. aRweriTi teqsti

Cemi sayvareli nivTi
Cemi wignebis Taroze dgas patara mxiaruli klouni _ Cemi bavSvobis
sayvareli saTamaSo, romelic biZaCemma maCuqa erT axal wels. saTamaSos
Tavze axuravs wiTeli da yviTeli rbili naWrebisgan Sekerili patara
qudi. klounis fumfula Tmebi yviTeli feris ZafiTaa moqsovili da
mTlianad faravs Subls. Sublis qvemoT grZeli Savi warbebia, warbebis
qvemoT _ didi mwvane Tvalebi. loyebi, cxviri da tuCebi klouns wiTlad
aqvs SeRebili. igi mxiarulad iRimeba da TeTri kbilebi mouCans.
7
aq es mimarTuleba Cawerilia nimuSis saCveneblad. am adgilze unda Caiweros is
mimarTuleba, romelic Seesatyviseba SerCeuli aRweriTi teqstis monacemebs.
206
tanze klouns acvia muqi mwvane kombinezoni ganieri jibeebiTa da
yviTeli qamriT. mas marcxena xelSi uWiravs forToxlisferi burTi,
romelsac namdvili forToxlis suni asdis, marjvena xelSi _ oTxkuTxa
wiTeli kolofi. axla es kolofi carielia, magram rodesac maCuqes,
savse iyo Sokoladis mrgvali, ugemrielesi kanfetebiT, romlebic,
ra Tqma unda, maSinve SevWame. marjvena fexis muxlze klouns mrgvali
Rilaki aqvs dakerebuli. Tuki am Rilaks xels daaWer, mxiaruli sici- 2
lis xmas gaigoneb. fexebze klouns acvia didi Savi fexsacmelebi, rom-
lebzec wiTeli feris bafTebia damagrebuli.
yovelTvis, rodesac Cems oTaxSi Sevdivar da vxedav mxiaruli
klounis patara figuras, karg xasiaTze vdgebi. maxsendeba axali weli,
bavSvoba da biZaCemi, romelic axla sxva qveyanaSi cxovrobs da didi xa-
nia, ar minaxavs.
sabolood, Sevsebuli sqema amgvar saxe miiRebs:
Tema: Cemi sayvareli nivTi

adamianis xuTi grZnobis winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi
organo
mxedveloba • zoma, moculoba: patara klouni, patara
qudi, didi Tvalebi, didi Rilaki, didi
fexsacmelebi, patara figura
• feri: wiTeli da yviTeli naWrebi, yviTeli
feris Zafi, muqi mwvane kombinezoni, mwvane
Tvalebi, Savi fexsacmelebi, wiTlad SeRebi-
li loyebi, cxviri da tuCebi, TeTri kbile-
bi, mwvane kombinezoni, yviTeli qamari,
forToxlisferi burTi, Savi fexsacmelebi,
wiTeli kolofi, wiTeli feris bafTebi
• sigrZe, sigane: grZeli warbebi, ganieri
jibeebi
• forma: mrgvali Rilaki, mrgvali kanfetebi,
oTxkuTxa kolofi
smena mxiaruli sicilis xma
kani / Sexeba rbili naWrebi, fumfula Tmebi
ynosva forToxlis suni
gemo tkbili, ugemrielesi kanfetebi
aRweris mimarTuleba winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi
zemodan qvemoT Tavi, Tma, Subli, warbebi, Tvalebi, loyebi,
cxviri, tuCebi, tani, marcxena xeli, marjvena
xeli, marjvena fexis muxli, fexebis terfebi
207
moswavleebi Seudgebian muSaobas wyvilebSi. maswavlebeli winas-
war gaafrTxilebs maT, ramdeni dro eZlevaT samuSaos Sesasruleblad
(samuSao dro ganisazRvreba klasis donis mixedviT). nimuSis saCveneb-
lad maswavlebels SeuZlia Tavad Seavsos dafaze gamosaxuli cxrili
erTi-ori monacemiT, ris Semdegac moswavleebi damoukideblad gaagr
Zeleben muSaobas.
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli zepirad gamoikiTxavs
Sedegebs, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi damatebiT ganumartavs moswavleebs
calkeul sakiTxebs, gaakeTebs komentarebs da misT.
II etapi _ am etapze maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron aR-
weriTi teqsti ìdealuri saklaso oTaxi~, romelic Sedgenili iqne-
ba adamianis 5 grZnobis organos funqciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, erTi
romelime sivrculi organizaciuli yalibis dacviT (qvemodan zemoT
an piriqiT, marcxnidan marjvniv an piriqiT, sxv.). namuSevris Seqmnisas
moswavleebs SeuZliaT ixelmZRvanelon sqemiT, romelsac isini aqtivo-
bis pirvel etapze gaecnen.
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-
Sevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT zepiri SeniSvnebisa da komenta
rebis gziT. saukeTeso namuSevris gamosavlenad SeiZleba moewyos erT
gvari konkursic moswavleTa aqtiuri monawileobiT.
aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 40 wuTi (orive etapisaTvis).
• teqstis gaanalizeba (ZiebiTi kiTxvis strategiis gamoyenebiT);
• informaciis daxarisxeba da kategorizacia;
• grafikuli maorganizeblis gamoyeneba teqstis gasaanalizeblad;
• funqciuri weriTi metyveleba modelis mixedviT;
• TanamSromloba;
• SemoqmedebiTi unarebis gamoyeneba.
• maswavlebelma moswavleebs SeiZleba sTxovos aRweriTi saxis teq
stis Sedgena amave Temaze (`Cemi sayvareli nivTi~), ganxiluli
modelis mixedviT.
• saSinao davalebaSi (ìdealuri saklaso oTaxi~) SexebasTan, gemosa
da ynosvasTan dakavSirebuli sensorikis asaxva SeiZleba Semdegi
gziT: klasSi aris ama Tu im aromatis mqone yvavilebi, klasis
haeri aromatizebulia ama Tu im surneliT, merxebze awyvia gemrie
li Sokoladebi, surnelovani citrusi, tkbili wvenebi; merxebis
nacvlad fumfula, rbili savarZlebia da sxv.
• maswavlebels saSinao davalebad SeuZlia moswavleebs daavalos
luarsab TaTqariZis saxl-karis ilia WavWavaZiseuli aRweris gaa
nalizeba mocemuli sqemis mixedviT.
208
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba aviTarebs informaciis daxarisxeba-
kategorizaciisa da funqciuri teqstis analizis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic
gamosadegia mecnierebis nebismieri dargis Seswavlis dros. aqtivoba mWidro
kavSirSia bunebismetyvelebasTan (5 grZnobis organo da maTi funqciebi).
varianti (b)
maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs samuSaod SesTavazos cxrili,
romelsac damatebuli aqvs `mogonebebis~ komponenti (aRniSnuli cxri 2
lis nimuSi ix. qvemoT). am SemTxvevaSi saSinao davalebac, Sesabamisad,
unda momzaddes b variantis cxrilze dayrdnobiT. aRniSnuli cxrilis
gamoyenebisas muSaoba damatebiT mimdinareobs im mimarTulebiTac, rom
moswavleebs ganuviTardeT piradi gamocdilebis, personaluri damo
kidebulebis/mimarTebebis, misT. werilobiT gamoxatvis unar-Cvevebi.
cxrili. varianti (b)
Tema: Cemi sayvareli nivTi
adamianis xuTi winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi
grZnobis organo
mxedveloba o zoma, moculoba: patara klouni, patara qudi, didi

Tvalebi, didi Rilaki, didi fexsacmelebi, patara figura
o feri: wiTeli da yviTeli naWrebi, yviTeli feris Zafi,
muqi mwvane kombinezoni, mwvane Tvalebi, Savi fexsacmele-
bi, wiTlad SeRebili loyebi, cxviri da tuCebi, TeTri
kbilebi, mwvane kombinezoni, yviTeli qamari, forToxlis-
feri burTi, Savi fexsacmelebi, wiTeli kolofi, wiTeli
feris bafTebi
o sigrZe, sigane: grZeli warbebi, ganieri jibeebi
o forma: mrgvali Rilaki, mrgvali kanfetebi, oTxkuTxa
kolofi
smena mxiaruli sicilis xma
kani / Sexeba rbili naWrebi, fumfula Tmebi

ynosva forToxlis suni
gemo tkbili, ugemrielesi kanfetebi
aRweris mimarTule- winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi
ba
zemodan qvemoT Tavi, Tma, Subli, warbebi, Tvalebi, loyebi, cxviri, tuCebi,
tani, marcxena xeli, marjvena xeli, marjvena fexis muxli,
fexebis terfebi
teqstTan an mis naw- winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi

ilTan dakavSirebu-
li mogoneba/gaxseneba (mimdevrobis dacviT)
carieli kolofi Sokoladis kanfetebi
patara klouni axali weli, bavSvoba, biZa
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 7, 9, 10; qarT. VII. 11,
13, 14.
209
aqtivoba # 6. movemzadoT werisaTvis: vadgenT gegmas
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamiznulia weris wina etapisaTvis. igi
xels uwyobs weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebas, informaciis daxarisx-
ebisa da kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebs. igi aaqtiurebs ideebis ge-
nerirebis process, xels uwyobs weris procesis etapebisa da weris
strategiebis gacnobierebas, damoukideblad muSaobis unar-Cvevebis
gamomuSavebas. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs kiTxvisa da
weris mimarTulebebs. igi tardeba 2 etapad.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• weris procesis etapebis gaazreba;
• weris strategiebis gacnobiereba;
• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (pirveli
etapi), individualuri (meore etapi).
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalami, rveuli.
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs weriTi
namuSevris Sesaqmnelad saWiro mosamzadebel samuSaoebze; auxsnis,
ramdenad mniSvnelovania namuSevris Sedgenis win gegmis/CamonaTvlis
Sedgena _ igi exmareba avtors, uyuradRebod ar darCes arc erTi mniS-
vnelovani faqti/detali, sxv.
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron Txzuleba
ìakob gogebaSvili~ (misi cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis faqtebs moswav-
leebi winaswar unda gaecnon maswavleblis davalebiT); SesTavazebs maT,
erToblivad Seadginon gegma/CamonaTvali iakob gogebaSvilis cxovre-
basa da SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis miTiTebiT.
gonebrivi ieriSis gziT maswavlebeli dafaze wers moswavleTa Se-
Tavazebul variantebs (an dafasTan iZaxebs moswavleebs calkeuli pun-
qtebis dasawerad). muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswav-
leTa TanamonawileobiT Seajerebs miRebul Sedegebs da dafaze dawers
saboloo versias.
moswavleebi rveulebSi gadaiweren CamonaTvlis saboloo versias.
saSinao davalebad maswavlebeli sTxovs bavSvebs, daweron Txzuleba
SemuSavebuli gegmis mixedviT.
 ideebis generireba weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad;
 weris strategiebis efeqturi gamoyeneba;
 weriTi namuSevris Seqmna modelis mixedviT.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 7, 9, 10; qarT. VII. 11, 14.
210
aqtivoba # 7. vmuSaobT abzacze: vadgenT damxmare winadadebebs8
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa kritikuli az-
rovnebis ganviTarebas. aqtivoba tardeba sam etapad. igi kompleqsuri
saxisaa da faravs kiTxvisa (I etapi) da weris (II-III etapebi) mimarTulebebs.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• moswavleTa kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
2
• moswavleTa kiTxvisa da weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganvi-
Tareba;
• TanamSromlobis unaris ganviTareba.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (I-II etape-
bi), wyviluri (III etapi).
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveulebi, kalmebi, winaswar
momzadebuli cxrilebi wyvilebSi samuSaod.
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli daurigebs moswavleebs kargad
struqturirebuli abzacis winaswar SerCeul nimuSs. Semdeg, aRniSnul
teqstze dakvirvebis gziT, Seaxsenebs moswavleebs abzacis samnawi
lian struqturas (1. Tematuri winadadeba, 2. damxmare winadadebebi, 3.
daskvniTi winadadeba) da gaamaxvilebs maT yuradRebas abzacis Sua na
wilze _ damxmare winadadebebze; Seaxsenebs moswavleebs, rom damxmare
winadadebebSi moyvanilia damatebiTi informacia Tematur winadadeba-
Si asaxuli mTavari ideis Sesaxeb: konkretuli magaliTebi, detalebi,
damazustebeli monacemebi, misT.
I etapi: maswavlebeli gaacnobs moswavleebs aqtivobis mizans _ esaa
adekvaturi damxmare winadadebebis daweris erT-erTi yvelaze martivi
xerxis aTviseba. igi, kerZod, gulisxmobs damxmare winadadebebis da
weras konkretuli Tematuri winadadebisaTvis SekiTxvebis dasmis gziT.
nimuSis saCveneblad maswavlebeli dafaze dawers winaswar SerCeul
Tematur winadadebas/winadadebebs da zepiri gziT, moswavleTa aqti-
uri TanamonawileobiT, dausvams SekiTxvebs Tematur winadadebas/wina-
dadebebs. (SesaZlo SekiTxvebi: ratom? ris safuZvelze vambob amas? ra
monacemebs veyrdnobi? ra magaliTebi maqvs amisaTvis? konkretulad
ras vgulismob?)
nimuSi.
a) Tematuri winadadeba: `saqarTveloSi bolo aTi wlis manZilze
mkveTrad gaizarda Sobadobis maCvenebeli~.
SekiTxvebi: ris safuZvelze vaskvniT amas/ra monacemebs veyrdno-
biT? rogoria Sobadobis maCvenebeli amJamad? rogori iyo aTi wlis
winaT?...
8
damatebiT ix. zemoT, àbzacis struqtura~.
211
mofiqrebul SekiTxvebs maswavlebeli Camowers dafis marcxena naxe
varSi (SekiTxvebi SeiZleba dafasTan rigrigobiT gaZaxebulma moswav-
leebmac Camoweron).
II etapi: mofiqrebul SekiTxvebze maswavlebeli, moswavleTa aqtiuri
TanamonawileobiT, pasuxs gascems jer zepirad, Semdeg werilobiT _
dafis marjvena naxevarze (pasuxebi dafaze SeiZleba rigrigobiT gaZa
xebulma moswavleebmac daweron). amisaTvis maswavlebelma, upirveles
yovlisa, moswavleebi unda daafiqros imaze, Tu ra tipis monacemebi
SeiZleba gamodges Tematur winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azris mxardasa
Werad; sabolood, unda mividnen erTobliv daskvnamde, rom am konkre
tul SemTxvevaSi yvelaze Sesaferisia statistikuri monacemebi.
nimuSi. pasuxebi:
statistikuri monacemebiT / saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli
saagentos monacemebiT, 2012 wels saqarTveloSi daibada 100. 000 bav
Svi. es maCvenebeli 35. 000-iT aRemateba aTi wlis winandel monacems
_ amave saagentos informaciiT, 2002 wels saqarTveloSi dabadebuli
bavSvebis ricxvi 65. 000-s ar aRemateboda.
pasuxebis daweris Semdeg maswavlebeli Seajamebs Sesrulebul
samuSaos: kerZod, gaamaxvilebs moswavleTa yuradRebas imaze, rom ab-
zacis Sua nawili, faqtobrivad, ukve daiwera mas mere, rac moswav-
leebma upasuxes dasmul SekiTxvebs. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis maswavlebeli
dafis marjvena naxevarSi daweril pasuxebs win waumZRvarebs Tematur
winadadebas _ am gziT moswavleebi darwmundebian, rom abzacis Sua na
wilze (damxmare winadadebebi) muSaoba ukve dasrulebulia.
III etapi: aqtivobis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs
dayofs wyvilebad, daurigebs maT winaswar momzadebul cxrlebs da
mewyvileebs sTxovs Sevsebas (daaxl. 7-8 wuTSi).
Sevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT pozitiuri mxareebis gamokveTiT,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi miscems moswavleebs saTanado SeniSvnebsa da
rCevebs.
nimuSi. cxrili:
Tematuri winadadeba: SekiTxva: damxmare winaddebebi
1. Cveni skolis bufe- ratom? ris sa- es adgili, sadac gakveTilebis dros
ti Sesvenebaze fut- fuZvelze vambob saocari simSvidea, zaris darekvisTa-
krebis skas hgavs. amas? nave gadaiqceva Zalze xmaurian ad
gilad, romelic savsea Sesvenebaze
gamosuli moswavleebiT. aq yvela erT-
droulad laparakobs, moZraobs, ic-
inis, xmauriT irCevs saWmels...
2. namdvil maswav- konkretulad es Tvisebebia/esenia: 1. ..., 2. ..., 3. ...
lebels sami Tviseba romel Tavise-
gamoarCevs. bebs vgulisxmob?
212
saSinao davalebis saxiT maswavlebeli moswavleebs SesTavazebs, am-
ave gziT moifiqron da Seadginon damxmare winadadebebi Tematur wina-
dadebebze, romlebsac moswavleebi rveulebSi Caiweren maswavleblis
karnaxiT (es winadadebebi maswavlebelma winaswar unda SearCios).
• kritikuli azrovneba; 2
• teqstis Sedgena SeTavazebuli nimuSis mixedviT;

• TanamSromloba.
• SobadobasTan dakavSirebuli cifrebi ar Seesatyviseba realur
statistikur monacemebs (aq isini moyvanilia mxolod nimuSis/
modelis saCveneblad).
• aqtivobis dros gamoiyeneba dargobrivi leqsikis erTeulebi
(statistika, statistikuri monacemebi, Sobadoba, statistikosi).
maswavlebelma SeiZleba maTze winaswar gaamaxvilos moswavleebis
yuradReba an ganumartos moswavleebs maTi mniSvneloba aqtivobis
msvlelobis dros.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba aviTarebs kritikuli azrovnebis unar
-Cvevebs, romlebic aucilebelia nebismieri sxva sagnis Sesaswavlad.
aqtivoba # 8. faqtebi da mosazrebebi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba emsaxureba moswavleTa kritikuli az-
rovnebisა da semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. igi
xels Seuwyobs agreTve argumentirebis, sakuTari mosazrebis dasa
buTebis unaris ganviTarebas
mniSvnelovania, rom aqtivoba saswavlo masalad iyenebs vizualur
masalas (fotoebs, suraTebs, posterebs, sxv.) da ara tradiciuli saxis
werilobiT teqsts. amgvarad, moswavleebs faqti warmoudgebaT kon
kretuli mtkicebulebis _ konkretuli vizualuri suraT-xatis saxiT,
rac efeqturi iqneba imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am asakis moswavleebi-
saTvis umeteswilad konkretuli azrovnebaa damaxasiaTebeli.
aqtivobis Sedegad moswavleebi gaacnobiereben, rom: 1. faqtiა is,
rasac gaaCnia konkretuli mtkicebuleba _ vizualuri suraT-xati/ra-
sac vxedavT, rac TvalisTvis xilulia (moZraoba, Jesti, saxis gamo
metyveleba, dro, adgilmdebareoba, Cacmuloba, anturaJi, sxv.); 2. mo-
sazrebaა is, rasac ar gaaCnia amgvari konkretuli vizualuri suraT-
xati (Tumca igi unda efuZnebodes faqts).
213
aqtivobis miznebi:
• araverbaluri saSualebiT (vizualuri masaliT) gadmocemuli in-
formaciis gaazrebisa da interpretirebis unaris ganviTareba;
• argumentirebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
resursebi: vizualuri masala (foto/suraTi/reproduqcia), dafa/

didi formatis qaRaldi, carci/markeri, cxrilis nimuSebi jgufuri/
wyviluri muSaobisaTvis (saTanado raodenobiT).
aqtivobis organizebis forma: jgufuri (an wyviluri).
aqtivobis aRwera: aqtivoba or ZiriTad etapad iyofa. pirveli maT-
gani aqtivobis mosamzadebeli etapia, meore ki _ aqtivobis Catarebis
etapi.
I etapi _ momzadeba aqtivobis Casatareblad: vizualuri masalis
SerCeva.
maswavlebeli SearCevs saTanado fotoebs/suraTebs/ reproduqci
ebs/posterebs, sxv.; moamzadebs qvemoT warmodgenili cxrilis nimu-
Sebs yvela jgufisaTvis/wyvilisaTvis (maTi raodenoba maswavlebelma
winaswar unda gansazRvros).
SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma moswavleebs sTxovos, Sinidan moita-
non fotoebi, suraTebi da sxva vizualuri masala, romlebsac aqti-
vobis dros gamoiyeneben maTi Tanaklaselebi. aucilebelia, SerCeuli
vizualuri masala gadanawildes imgvarad, rom yvela jgufs/wyvils ga-
saanalizeblad Sexvdes misTvis ucnobi masala.
II etapi _ aqtivobis mimdinareoba:
1. nimuSis Cveneba _ maswavlebeli gaakravs erT romelime suraTs/
fotos gasaanalizeblad da dafaze gadaxazavs cxrils (an gaakravs did
formatze daxazul cxrils gasaanalizebeli fotos/suraTis gverdiT);
Semdeg moswavleTa yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs cxrilis marcxena svet-
Si Caweril maxasiaTeblebze (adgili, dro, garegnuli mxare, emocia/
ganwyoba). amis Semdeg moswavleTa TanamonawileobiT Seavsebs cxrils;
dasasrul, analizis monacemebze dayrdnobiTa da moswavleTa azris
gaTvaliswinebiT, daasaTaurebs vizualur masalas.
214
nimuSi. cxrili.
foto faqti mosazreba
adgili
dro
gamosaxuli pirebi 2
emocia/ganwyoba
fotos saTauri:
davuSvaT, dasamuSaveblad SeirCa suraTi, romelic mocemuli 4

parametris mixedviT Semdegnairad SeiZleba aRiweros:
1. adgili: zRvis sanapiro.
fotoze moCans palmis xeebi, Sors _ zRva.
2. dro: zafxuli.
cxela _ mze anaTebs da yvelas sazafxulo tansacmeli acvia.
3. garegnuli mxare, anturaJi:
suraTze xuTi adamiania. centrSi, erTmaneTis gverdiT, dganan axal-
gazrda qali da kaci. qals xelSi Cvili bavSvi uWiravs. qalis da kacis
win dganan biWi da gogo (10-12 wlis). samive bavSvi Zalian hgavs erT-
maneTs. es erTi ojaxi unda iyos.
4. emocia/ganwyoba:
es bednieri ojaxia: Cans, rom ojaxis wevrebs erTmaneTi Zalian
uyvarT _ xelSi ayvanili bavSvi dedas exuteba; gogo da biWi xeli
xelCakidebulni dganan; kacs erTi xeli qalis mxarze udevs, meore xe-
liT ki win mdgari biWis mxarze; xelSi ayvanili bavSvi iRimeba, danar-
Cenebi mxiarulad icinian.
cxrilis Sevsebis dros maswavlebelma yuradReba unda miaqcios
imas, rom moswavleebma kargad gaacnobieron gansxvaveba faqtsa da mo-
sazrebas Soris da SeZlon maTi erTmaneTisagan gamijvna. muSaobis Se-
degad cxrili amgvar saxes miiRebs.
215
nimuSi. Sevsebuli cxrili
foto faqti mosazreba
adgili fotoze Cans subtropikuli zRvis sanapiroa.
mcenareebi: palmis xeebi, da
sxv.
dro mze anaTebs, xalxs acvia sazaf- zafxulis cxeli dRea.
xulo tansacmeli: mokle Sarv-
lebi, sandlebi, moklesaxeloe-
biani Wreli maisurebi.
gamosaxu- o suraTis centrSi erTmane- o es erTi ojaxi unda iyos
li pirebi Tis gverdiT dganan axal- (bavSvebis msgavseba).
gazrda qali da kaci. maTTan
o ufrosi gogo da biWi 10-
sami bavSvia: Cvili bavSvi da
12 wlisani iqnebian; al-
masze ufrosi gogo da biWi.
baT, skolis moswavleebi
samive bavSvi Zalian hgavs
arian (SeiZleba, zafxulis
erTmaneTs.
ardadegebi aqvT?).
o kacs erTi xeli qalis mx-
o SeiZleba es ojaxi zR-
arze udevs, meore xeli ki _
vaze dasasveneblad aris
mis win mdgari biWis mxarze.
wasuli.
o ufrosi gogo da biWi xelix-
o sxv.
elCakidebulebi dganan
emocia/ o xelSi ayvanili patara bavSvi o uyvarT erTmaneTi
ganwyoba dedas exuteba.
o bednierebi arian
o patara bavSvi iRimeba, dan-
o uxariaT erTad yofna
arCenebi mxiarulad icinian.
(SeiZleba xSirad ar arian
erTad?)
o sxv.
fotos saxelwodeba: bednieri ojaxis zafxuli zRvis sanapiroze.
2. muSaoba nimuSis mixedviT

maswavlebeli daurigebs jgufebs/wyvilebs winaswar SerCeul vizu
alur masalas, agreTve zemoT mocemuli cxrilis nimuSebs da sTxovs
moswavleebs, mcire xniT Cumad daakvirdnen suraTebs. Semdeg jgufis/
wyvilis wevrebi Camoweren nebismier azrs, mosazrebas imis Taobaze,
Tu ra xdeba suraTze/fotoze. ra aris asaxuli vizualur masalaze.
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daasa
buTon wamoyenebuli mosazreba suraTze asaxuli faqtebiT (rac Sei-
Zleba meti odenobis faqtebiT) da Camoweron isini furclebze. dasas-
rul, moswavleebma unda daasaTauron foto faqtebze dayrdnobiT.
III etapi _ samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs jgufe-
bis/wyvilebis warmomadgenlebs, warmoadginon vizualuri masala,
Sevsebuli cxrili da zepiri gziT gaacnon Tanaklaselebs Catarebuli
216
analizis Sedegebi. moswavleTa TanamonawileobiT, maswavlebeli daasa
xelebs saukeTeso namuSevrebs.
• araverbaluri saSualebiT (vizualuri masaliT) gadmocemuli in-
formaciis gaazreba da interpretireba;
2
• faqtebisa da mosazrebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna vizualuri masa-
lis safuZvelze;
• vizualur masalaze gadmocemuli informaciis daxarisxeba da
warmodgena cxrilis saxiT.
meToduri rekomendacia:
zog SemTxvevaSi garegnuli mxare (tansacmeli, adamianTa garegnuli
iersaxe, sxv.) SeiZleba mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgendes drois/
epoqis da adgilis dasadgenad. mag., grZeli kabebi da pirbadiani Sla-
pebi, vTqvaT, migvaniSnebdes me-19 saukuneze (dro), frinvelebis bum-
bulebisgan da/an cxovelis tyavisagan damzadebuli samosi afrikaze
(adgili) im SemTxvevebSi, Tuki drois/adgilis dasadgenad sxva faqtob
rivi mimaniSnebeli ar aris.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: xelovneba (vizualuri masalis wakiTxva-gaana
lizeba). amas garda, aqtivoba aviTarebs kritikuli azrovnebis unar
-Cvevebs, romlebic saWiroa mecnierebis nebismieri sxva dargis Seswav-
lis drosac.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 9; qarT. VIII. 10, 13.
aqtivoba # 9. vmuSaobT werilobiT wyaroebze

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs kiTxvisa
da weris mimarTulebebs. igi xels uwyobs moswavleTa kiTxvisa da kri-
tikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; exmareba moswavleebs
TemasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebis generirebasa da naweris organize-
baSi.
saanalizo cxrilis gamoyenebis strategia aerTianebs sam safexurs,
TiToeuli safexuris aqtivobebi exmareba moswavleebs mocemuli Temis
SefasebaSi. esenia: 1) dagegmva; 2) interaqcia; 3) integrireba/Sefaseba.
saanalizo cxrilis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia individualurad,
wyvilebSi/mcire jgufebSi, agreTve mTel klasTan muSaobis dros. aR-
niSnuli strategia daexmareba maswavlebels, daadginos TiToeuli mos-
wavlis saWiroebebi da Seafasos, ramdenad esmis mas SerCeuli Tema.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
217
• informaciis sinTezirebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
wyvilebSi (mcire jgufebSi) (II etapi).
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalmebi, rveulebi; wyaroe-
bis aslebi (saWiro raodenobiT), saanalizo cxrilebis aslebi (saWiro
raodenobiT).
aqtivobis aRwera: aqtivobis Casatareblad maswavlebelma winaswar
unda SearCios Tema da Sesabamisi resursebi (mxatvruli da/an aramxat-
vruli nawarmoebebi wignebidan, Jurnalebidan, internetresursebidan).
aqtivobis dawyebamde maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs Sesas
rulebel samuSaoze _ moswavleebi unda gaecnon maswavleblis mier
momzadebul wyaroebs da Seajamon maTSi mocemuli informacia. amoca-
nis gaadvilebis mizniT maswavlebeli mimarTavs informaciis amokrebi-
sa da Sejamebis procesis modelirebis strategias.
I etapi _ maswavlebeli dafaze Camowers wyaroebis analizis rub
rikebs, dayofs klass wyvilebad da daurigebs maT erT romelime Te-
masTan dakavSirebuli wyaroebis winaswar momzadebuli aslebs. moswav
leebi gaecnobian #1 wyaros. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli zepiri gziT,
mTeli klasis monawileobiT, gansazRvravs wyaros Temas da Seavsebs
dafaze Camoweril rubrikebs (an dafasTan gamoiZaxebs moswavleebs
rubrikebis Sesavsebad).
aqtivobis mimdinareobis fazebi:
1-li faza: Temis gansazRvra, SekiTxvebis Camoyalibeba da cxrilis
Sesabamis svetSi Cawera; SekiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad saWiro masalebis
Segroveba.
me-2 faza: adreuli/winare codnis gaaqtiureba, saintereso faqtebis
gaziareba, xelaxla wakiTxva.
me-3 faza: mokvlevis/Ziebis Catareba, Sedareba, Sejameba, Sedegebis
werilobiT gadmocema. am fazisaTvis moswavleebs garkveuli dro das-
WirdebaT SekiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad saWiro informaciis mosaZeb-
nad sxvadasxva wyaroSi. wyaroebidan informaciis mogrovebis Semdeg
moswavleebma unda Caweron erTi-ori lakoniuri winadadeba imis Tao-
baze, ra gaiges TiToeuli dasmuli SekiTxvis Sesaxeb. maswavlebelma
SeiZleba sTxovos moswavleebs, Camoayalibon sxva SekiTxvebi winaaR
mdegobrivi xasiaTis informaciaze an TemasTan dakavSirebul sxva in-
formaciaze, romelic ar gvxvdeba wyaroebSi.
cxrilis Sevseba moswavleebs daexmareba, daweron sainformacio ese
im Temaze, romelic maT SearCies gamosakvlevad, agreTve naweris orga-
nizebaSi. aqtivoba daxmarebas aRmouCens moswavleebs agreTve kvlevaze
dafuZnebul proeqtebze muSaobis procesSi.
218
magaliTad, wyvilebSi wasakiTxad maswavlebelma SeiZleba SearCios
romelime monakveTi `baSi-aCukidan~.
nimuSi. wyaroebis analizis cxrili.
SekiTxva I wyaro: II wyaro: Sejameba
`baSi-aCuki~ saqarTvelos isto- 2

ria9
I SekiTxva: Sah-abasma kaxeTi orad gayofil ka iranelebis
aaoxra, asi aTaso- xeTs marTavdnen agresiuli poli-
ra iyo biT qarTveli iranelebi, romleb- tika, mosaxleo-
ajanyebis gadaasaxla, Ca- mac Turqmenebi Ca- bis gaRaribeba.
mizezi? moasaxla uluse- moasaxles, cixeebSi
bi, ganadgurebas iranelTa jarebi
gadarCenili mosax- idga, meurneoba
leoba gaRaribda, ganadgurda, ukma
bevri qarTveli yofiloebi iyvnen
zneobrivad gadag- feodalebica da
varda, ukmayofilo glexebic.
glexoba mzad iyo
ajanyebisaTvis,
eloda mxolod
winamZRols.
II SekiTxva: mTavarsardal- ajanyebulebma ajanyebulebi
ma biZina Colo TiTqmis erT- moqmedebdnen
rogor mo- yaSvilma jari droulad Seuties kargad mofiqre-
qmedebdnen orad dayo, erTi alaverdsa da bax- buli samxedro
ajanyebule- naxevari TavisTan trions. qarTvelTa gegmis mixed-
bi? daitova, meore jarma aiRo bax- viT: erTdrou-
naxevari calkeul trioni, kaxelebma lad Seuties
razmebad daana aiRes alaverdi, iranelebs sxva-
wila da sxvadasxva alaverdidan gamo- dasxva adgil-
mxares gagzavna. qceuli iranele- ze, iyenebdnen
bi qarTvelebma moulodnelobis
ajanyebulebma alvanis mindorze efeqts.
erTdroulad gaanadgures, Sem-
Seuties iranelebs. deg ajanyebulebi
baxtrioni aiRes sxva adgilebSi
fSav-xevsurebma, dasaxlebul elebs
baSi-aCukis razmma daesxnen Tavs (gv.
ulusebi gaJlita, 241-242)
mTavarma jarma
viwro xeobaSi ga-
Jlita iranelebis
mxedroba.
9
ix. saqarTvelos istoria oTx tomad, meore gamocema, t. III, Tbilisi, 2012, gv. 239-243.
219
III SekiTxva: kaxeTi gaTavisu- kaxeTi gadaurCa kaxeTi mSvido-
flda iranelebi- fizikur ganad- bian cxovrebas
ra Sedege- sagan, gaiRo da- gurebas, magram daubrunda.
bi hqonda ketili eklesiebi, iranelebis batono-
ajanyebas? kaxeTis gamarjve- bisagan mTlianad
bam qarTlic gaax- mainc ver gaTavisu-
ara. flda (gv. 243)
sxva SekiTxva: araferia naTqvami. Sahis brZanebiT,
vaxtang V-m zaali
ra bedi ewia moakvlevina misive
zaal eri- ZmisSvilebs (gv.
sTavs? 242).
saintereso kirile mRvdlis iranelebma ala- istoriuli
faqtebi sizmari: alaverdis verdis taZris faqti simbolu-
taZars gveleSapi galavani cixed radaa asaxuli
daepatrona. gadaakeTes da Tav- personaJis _
ianTi jari Caayenes kirile mRvdlis
(gv. 240) sizmarSi (gvele-
Sapi _ moZalade
iranelebi)
II etapi _ I wyaros analizis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs

moswavleebs, gaagrZelon muSaoba wyvilebSi. mewyvileebi Seavseben ru-
brikebs danarCeni wyaroebis safuZvelze.
Sevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamoTq-
vams SeniSvnebs, akeTebs komentarebs.
saxlSi samuSaod moswavlebs daevalebaT maswavleblis mier winaswar
SerCeuli 2 wyaros gaanalizeba zemoT mocemuli sqemis gamoyenebiT.
• teqstSi mocemuli informaciis daxarisxeba-kategorizacia;
• sxvadasxva teqstSi mocemuli informaciis kritikulad gaanali-
zeba;
• kiTxvis strategiebis gamoyeneba;
• informaciis sinTezireba.
• wyaroebis raodenoba, agreTve maTi tipebi da sirTulis done mas-
wavlebelma unda gansazRvros klasis moswavleTa codnisa da un-
arebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
• muSaobis gaadvilebis mizniT, sasurvelia, wyaroebi dainomros ri-
giTi mimdevrobis aRniSvniT (mag., Ì wyaro~, ÌI wyaro~ da a.S.).
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: istoria.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 5, 9; qarT. VIII. 10, 12, 13.
220
aqtivoba #10. vwerT biografias
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da miemarTeba weri-
sa da kiTxvis mimarTulebebs. igi emsaxureba kritikuli kiTxvis, weriTi
strategiebis gamoyenebis unaris gamomuSavebas, agreTve, akademiuri
werisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. aqtivoba nawilobriv
faravs agreTve VII klasis me-11 Sedegs (qarT. VII. 11).
2
aqtivobis miznebi:
• informaciis moZiebis, daxarisxebisa da organizebis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba;
• movlenebisa da faqtebis Tanamimdevrulad gadmocemis unar-Cveve-
bis ganviTareba;
• analitikuri da logikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
resursebi: sanimuSod SerCeuli biografiuli teqsti, wyaroebi
biografiuli teqstis Sesaqmnelad, kalami, rveuli.
aqtivobis aRwera:
maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaesaubreba biografiuli teqstebis, maTi
specifikis Sesaxeb; Seaxsenebs maT, rom biografiis subieqti (=piri,
viszecaa Sedgenili biografia) SeiZleba iyos rogorc met-naklebad
cnobili istoriuli piri, ise Tanamedrove adamiani.10
sanimuSod maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaacnobs erT-erT biografi-
ul teqsts, romelsac klasSi waikiTxaven. maswavleblis xelmZRvane-
lobiT, moswavleebi daakvirdebian biografiuli teqstis enobriv, sti
listur da struqturul Taviseburebebs (aRweriTi xasiaTi, qronolo-
giuri Tanamimdevrobis dacva, Txroba mesame pirSi, sxv.).
10
biografia (iseve rogorc avtobiografia), sazogadod, warmoadgens aRweriTi
tipis teqsts, romelSic gamoyenebulia agreTve naratiuli tipis teqstis garkveuli
elementebi. biografiis tipis teqstebis Sedgenisas, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba 3 meTodi/
midgoma. esenia: 1. istoriuli _ igi fokusirebulia TariRebisa da movlenebis
gadmocemaze qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis dacviT. am tipis biografiuli
teqstebi yvelaze farTodaa gavrcelebuli; 2. sociologiuri _ igi subieqtis
cxovrebis gadmocemisas farTod iyenebs istoriul konteqsts (saTanado periodis
saojaxo cxovreba, kveba da sakvebi produqtebi, medicina, satransporto saSulebebi,
ekonomika, ganaTlebis sistema, moda, sameurneo sistema, arqiteqtura da a.S.); 3.
fsiqologiuri _ subieqtis cxovrebis gadmocemisas fokusirebulia konfliqtebze,
romelic biografiis subieqts aqvs sxvebTan _ ojaxis da/an sazogadoebis wevrebTan,
bunebasTan, sakuTar TavTan, sxv. am tipis biografiebSi SeiZleba aRwerili iyos ara
subieqtis mTeli cxovreba, aramed misi erTi romelime etapi/epizodi, romelSic,
avtoris azriT, ukeT ikveTeba biografiis subieqtis xasiaTi. zemoT warmodgenili
aqtivoba fokusirebulia istoriuli biografiis tipze, romelic qronologiuri
TanamimdevrobiT gadmogvcems movlenebsa da faqtebs.
221
maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, daweron biografiuli teq
sti. moswavleebi SearCeven biografiis subieqts. igi SeiZleba iyos
mwerali, romlis nawarmoebsac moswavleebi swavloben, istoriuli
piri, sportsmeni, msaxiobi, musikosi da a.S.
biografiuli teqstis Sesaqmnelad moswavleebi, pirvel rigSi, unda
gaecnon masalebs SerCeuli subieqtis Sesaxeb. moswavleebi gansaz-
Rvraven, ra wyaroebiT isargebleben teqstis Sesaqmnelad (biografiis
wyaroebis Sesaxeb ix. meToduri miTiTebebi, #1). am etapze moswavleebs
SeuZliaT Semoifarglon 2-3 wyaroTi.
masalebis analizis, daxarisxebisa da organizebis procesis ukeT
warmarTvis mizniT, maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, muSaobis
dros moamzadon:
a) `cxovrebis xazi~ _ moswavleebi Seqmnian subieqtis cxovrebis
mniSvnelovani TariRebis CamonaTvals dabadebidan sikvdilamde / cxov
rebis garkveul etapamde. es CamonaTvali unda Seicavdes, sul mcire,
6-8 movlenas/faqts;
b) portreti _ moswavleebi daxataven subieqtis portrets; miu-
TiTeben, ras fiqrobda subieqti Tavisi cxovrebis sam yvelaze mniS-
vnelovan movlenaze;
g) citatebi _ moswavleebma unda moiyvanon, sul mcire, ori cita-
ta _ subieqtis azrebi, gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic, biografiis avtoris
azriT, saukeTesod asaxavs subieqtis laparakis maneras, mis azrebsa da
Sexedulebebs.
d) maorganizebeli `gulis ruka~ – esaa grZnobebis, emociebis,
damokidebulebebis amsaxveli grafikuli maorganizebeli. moswavlee-
bi gamosaxaven guls. Semdeg am gamosaxulebas Seavseben sityvebiT an
suraTebiT, romlebic asaxaven subieqtis grZnobebs, emociebs, damoki
debulebebs adamianebis/sagnebis/movlenebis, sxv. mimarT. kerZod, `gu-
lis rukaze~ SeiZleba, mag., gamoisaxos: biografiis subieqtis sayvare-
li wignis saxelwodeba; eklesia (Tuki biografiis subieqti religiuri
adamiania), subieqtis ojaxis ama Tu im wevris, megobris, maswavleblis
saxelebi (Tuki maT mniSvnelovani adgili ekavaT subieqtis cxovreba-
Si), subieqtis hobi (mag., SeiZleba gamoisaxos Tevzi da/an ankesi, Tuki
subieqti gatacebulia TevzaobiT); saxelebi im adamianebisa, romelTa
moRvaweobam/Semoqmedebam gavlena moaxdina subieqtze, sxv.
amgvarad organizebuli informacia calkeuli Temebis da maTTan
dakavSirebuli detalebis saxiT Seva biografiul teqstSi. saWiroebi-
samebr, teqstis Sedgenisas moswavleebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon mizezSe-
degobrivi da/an sxva mimarTebebis amsaxveli kavSirebi/konstruqciebi
(mag., ` ...-is gamo N-ma gadawyvita, rom...~, sxv.)
masalebis analizis, daxarisxebisa da organizebis dros miRebu-
li monacemebisa da daskvnebis safuZvelze moswavleebi daweren bi-
ografiul teqsts.
222
 biografiuli teqstis struqturis gaazreba;
• informaciis moZieba, gaanalizeba, daxarisxeba da organizeba;
• movlenebis/faqtebis gadmocema qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis
dacviT;
• organizebuli informaciis naSromSi asaxva (Temebis saxiT);
2
• saTanado enobriv-stilisturi normebis gamoyeneba, iribi naTqva-
misa da citirebis marTebulad gamoyeneba, mizezSedegobrivi da/
an sxva logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebis
marTebulad gamoyeneba.
• biografiuli teqstis Sedgenisas avtori ecnoba da amuSavebs wya
roebs subieqtis Sesaxeb. wyaroebi ori tipisaa: a) pirveladi wya
roebi: Tavad biografiis subieqti (Tuki biografia iwereba Tana-
medrove adamianze, saukeTeso saSualebaa, avtori piradad Sexvdes
da gaesaubros mas), dRiurebi, werilebi, interviuebi biografiis
subieqtTan, avtobiografia/avtobiografiuli Canawerebi (daweri-
li biografiis subieqtis mier), samaxsovro Canawerebi, fotoebi,
saistorio wyaroebi/cnobebi; mogonebebi im pirebisa, romlebic
icnobdnen biografiis subieqts. meoradi wyaroebi: wignebi, al-
bomebi, vebgverdebi da sxva eleqtronuli resursebi, saJurnalo/
sagazeTo/statiebi, sxv. _ zogadad, mTeli is masala, romelic
mogviTxrobs biografiis subieqtis Sesaxeb.
• moswavleebis ukeT orientaciis mizniT, sasurvelia, maswavlebel-
ma moswavleebs aCvenos masalis organizebis modeli. am mizniT
maswavlebels SeuZlia, klasSi wakiTxul biografiul teqstze
dayrdnobiT, moamzados da dafaze gamosaxos `cxovrebis xazi~,
`gulis ruka~ da sxv. kargi iqneba, Tuki am procesSi aqtiurad
CaerTvebian moswavleebic.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba aviTarebs analitikuri da logikuri
azrovnebis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic Tanabrad saWiroa nebismieri huma
nitaruli, sabunebismetyvelo da zusti mecnierebebis Seswavlis dros.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 5, 7, 9; qarT. VIII. 10, 12, 13.
aqtivoba # 11. movemzadoT werisaTvis: vswavlobT informaciis dax-

arisxebasa da dagegmvas
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamoiyeneba weris wina etapze. igi avi-
Tarebs weris strategiebis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebs, informaciis dax-
arisxebis da kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebs; xels uwyobs weris pro-
cesis etapebisa da weris strategiebis gacnobierebas, agreTve damou-
223
kideblad muSaobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• analitikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• sagnis/movlenis/faqtis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis amocnoba-gaaz-
reba;
• informaciis daxarisxebis unaris ganviTareba;
• weris strategiebis gacnobiereba-gaazreba;
• weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
aqtivobis organizebis forma:

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalami, rveuli.
aqtivobis aRwera:
maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmne-
lad saWiro mosamzadebel samuSaoebze, kerZod, dagegmvaze, romelic
efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgens momavali namuSevris organizaciuli
yalibis gamosakveTad, exmareba avtors, uyuradRebod ar darCes arc
erTi mniSvnelovani faqti/detali, sxv.; auxsnis moswavleebs, rom
dagegmva igivea, rac arqiteqtoris naxazi momavali nagebobisaTvis.
maswavlebeli SesTavazebs bavSvebs, daweron weriTi namuSevari
`musikaluri stili da moda~ (aqtivobis Catarebamde sasurvelia, mos-
wavleebma moiZion da gecnon sxvadasxva saxis masalebs Tanamedrove
musikis Sesaxeb). gaecnon masalebs. manamde, sanam moswavleebi muSao-
bas Seudgebian maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, erTad Seadginon
gegma momavali namuSevrisaTvis. muSaoba warimarTeba mTeli klasis Ta-
namonawileobiT, obobiseburi sqemis gamoyenebiT.
sqemis centralur rgolSi gamosaxulia ZiriTadi koncepti (`Ta-
namedrove popularuli musika da moda~) da masTan dakavSirebuli,
kategoriebad daxarisxebuli informacia. ZiriTadi koncepti sqemaze
warmodgenilia centrSi mdebare didi zomis rgolis saxiT; kategori
ebad daxarisxebuli informacia ki _ patara zomis rgolebiT, romlebic
centraluri rgolidan gamomavali sxivebis meSveobiT ukavSirdeba am
ukanasknels (ZiriTad koncepts). patara zomis rgolebi (sagnebis/mov-
lenebis kategoriebi), Tavis mxriv, qmnis misgan gamomavali sxivebis siste-
mas. es migviTiTebs, rom sqema SeiZleba ganviTardes _ daematos sagnebis/
movlenebis CamonaTvali kategoriebis mixedviT da/an qvekategoriebi
(damatebiTi patara rgolebis saxiT). saboloo jamSi, es obobas qselis-
magvar grafikul naxazs gvaZlevs.
movlenebis qronologias anu droiT Tanamimdevrobas aRniSnul
sqemaze yuradReba ar eqceva. informacia warmodgenilia kategoriebis
mixedviT.
224
nimuSi. sqema òbobas qseli~
I etapi _ muSaoba warimarTeba gonebrivi ieriSis gziT. maswavlebe-

li moswavleTa TanamonawileobiT Camowers calkeuli musikaluri
stilebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel aqsesuarebsa da Cacmulobis stils. sa
bolood sqema Seivseba Semdegnairad.
nimuSi. Sevsebuli sqema.
a) pankebis stili
1. zRarbis eklebis formiseburi Tma;
2. Teatraluri makiaJi;
3. inglisuri qinZisTavebis gamoyeneba aqsesuaris saxiT;
4. daxeuli tansacmeli;
5. sxeulis pirsingi.
b) hip-hopis stili
1. tomriseburi CaCaCuli jinsebi;
2. kapiuSoniani sviterebi;
3. didi zomis naqsovi qudebi;
4. Tavze wakruli bendenebi, Sarfebi.
g) rokis stili
1. gaxexili jinsebi;
2. grZeli perangebi;
3. tyavis qurTukebi;
4. grZeli swori Tma;
5. mZime Ceqmebi.
amdenad, zemoT moyvanil sqemaze warmodgenilia Tanamedrove musikis

3 mimarTuleba: pankebis musika, hip-hopis musika, rok-musika. TiToeul
mimdinareobasTan miTiTebulia mis mimdevarTa Cacmulobis stili (4-5
maxasiaTebeli).
225
maswavlebeli zepirad Seajamebs muSaobis Sedegebs da gaaanalizebs
sqemas: centralur rgolSi Cawerilia ZiriTadi Tema/ saTauri (`Tana-
medrove popularuli musika da Cacmuloba~), masTan dakavSirebul mom-
cro zomis rgolebSi ki qveTemebi: `pankebis stili~, `hip-hopis stili~,
`rokis stili~. TiToeul momcro rgols sxivebiT ukavSirdeba Sesabam-
isi stilis mimdevarTa Cacmulobis stilis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi.
maswavlebeli ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom centralur rgolSi Caw-
erili sityvebi saTauria, momcro zomis rgolebSi Cawerili sityve-
bi _ qveTemebi, romlebic unda aisaxos calkeul abzacebSi; momcro
rgolebTan sxivebiT dakavSirebuli sityvebi warmoadgens detalebs _
qveTemebTan dakavSirebul masalas.
naweris struqtura: maswavlebeli moswavleTa yuradRebas gaa-
maxvilebs imaze, rom mocemuli sqemis mixedviT Sedgenili naSromi 5
abzacisagan unda Sedgebodes. esenia: Sesavali nawili Tematuri wina-
dadebiT (1 abzaci); 3-abzaciani ZiriTadi nawili (I abzaci _ pankebis
stili, II abzaci _ hip-hopis stili; III abzaci _ rokis stili), daskvniTi
nawili (1 abzaci).
maswavlebelma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos agreTve weriTi namuSevris
Sesaval nawilis Tematur winadadebaze, romelSic unda aisaxos Tema da
qveTemebi. kerZod, zemoT mocemuli sqemis Sesabamisi Tematuri winadade-
ba SeiZleba iyos amgvari: `Tanamedrove popularuli musikis TiToeuli
mimarTulebis mimdevrebs gansakuTrebuli, mxolod maTTvis damaxasiaT-
ebeli Cacmulobis stili aqvT~. bolo abzacis (daskvniTi nawilis) Tem-
aturi winaadeba ki, romelic Sesavali nawilis Tematur winadadebas unda
ukavSirdebodes, vTqvaT, amgvari: `[ase rom] Cacmulobis stilis mixedviT
Tavisuflad SeiZleba daadgino, vin ra stilis musikas usmens~.
II etapi _ sqemis Sevsebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs,
gadaiweron rveulebSi Sevsebuli sqema. Semdeg ki mis safuZvelze Sead-
ginon weriTi namuSevari `Tanamedrove popularuli musika da moda~.
III etapi _ namuSevris damTavrebis Semdeg moswavleebi waikiTxaven
TavianT namuSevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT komentarebiTa da
SeniSvnebiT (pozitiuri mxareebis gamokveTiT).
• analitikuri azrovneba;
• informaciis daxarisxeba;
• modelis mixedviT weriTi namuSevris Sedgena
saxlSi samuSaod maswavlebeli moswavleebs daavalebs weriTi namu-
Sevris Sedgenas gegmis mixedviT (moswavlis mier SerCeul Temaze).
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: musika.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 5, 8, 9; qarT. VIII. 10,
12, 13.
226
aqtivoba # 12. poeziis 15 wuTi: vqmniT metaforas
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa. erTi mxriv, igi xels
uwyobs moswavleebs mxatvruli metyvelebis Taviseburebis gacnobiere-
baSi; exmareba maT, gaiazron mxatvruli metyvelebis erT-erTi umniS-
vnelovanesi elementis _ metaforis raoba da Cawvdnen mis arss, biZgs
aZlevs moswavleTa warmosaxvisa unarisa da fantaziis ganviTarebas. meo-
re mxriv, aqtivoba saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, gaiazron da gaiaqti- 2
uron Seswavlili, gamoimuSaon da ganiviTaron literaturuli masalis
personaluri aRqmis unari. aqtivobis Catareba SesaZlebelia ama Tu im
mwerlis Semoqmedebis an calkeuli nawarmoebis Seswavlis Semdeg.
aqtivoba saSualebas miscems moswavles, moaxdinos codnis avtoma
tizeba, `gaacocxlos~ formalurad naswavli masala, praqtikaSi gamoi-
yenos igi da `daamkvidros~ pirad gamocdilebaSi. amisTvis maswavlebel-
ma moswavleebs unda misces saSualeba, gaimeoron /gamoiyenon adre Ses-
wavlili an axlad naswavli masala (enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSuale-
bebi, leqsika, sxv.), rac xels Seuwyobs maTi (moswavleebis) SemoqmedebiTi
unarebis ganviTarebas, weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis srulyofas.
aqtivoba stimuls miscems moswavleebs, gamoxaton sakuTari damoki
debuleba da gamoavlinon piradi iniciativa Tu SemoqmedebiToba.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• individualuri midgomis, piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatvis
unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• mxatvruli metyvelebis elementebis raobis gacnobiereba;
• analizisa da damoukidebeli azrovnebis unarebis ganviTareba;
• SemoqmedebiTi weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
resursebi: dafa (didi formatis qaRaldi), carci/markeri, rveuli,
kalami.
aqtivobis aRwera:
maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, daweron miZRvniTi xasiaTis
leqsi, romlis TiToeul taepSi TiTo metafora iqneba warmodgenili.
leqsi SeiZleba eZRvnebodes ama Tu im mwerals an literaturul per-
sonaJs.
am SemTxvevaSi savsebiT misaRebi iqneba, Tuki leqsi dawerili iqne-
ba verlibris (Tavisufali leqsis) formiT. maswavlebelma sagangebod
unda gaafrTxilos moswavleebi, rom maT ar moeTxovebaT tradiciuli
gariTmuli leqsis dawera _ isini mTlianad unda iyvnen koncentrirebu-
li leqsis Sinaarsze da konkretulad, metaforebis SeTxzvaze. cxadia,
es imas ar niSnavs, rom moswavleebs ekrZalebaT fiqri taepebis gariT-
mvaze _ ubralod, moswavleebis umravlesobisTvis es dauZleveli amo-
227
cana iqneba drois im mcire intervalSi, romelic daeTmoba aRniSnul
aqtivobas. ra Tqma unda, Tuki romelime moswavle SeZlebs namuSevris
ama Tu im saxiT gariTmvas, maswavlebelma davaleba Sesrulebulad
unda CaTvalos _ amasTan, am SemTxvevaSi pozitiurad unda gamokveTos
namuSevris forma (galeqsili).
moswavleebis dasaxmareblad maswavlebeli dafaze gamosaxavs sqemas,
romlis mixedviTac moswavleebi daweren leqss (an dafaze gaakravs
didi formatis qaRaldze Camoweril, winaswar momzadebul sqemas).
sqema unda iyos detaluri, Sedgenili imgvarad, rom moswavleebs naTe-
li warmodgena hqondeT, konkretulad ra unda daweron ama Tu im taepSi.
nimuSi. savaraudo sqema:
1-li str. _ vis eZRvneba? (vinaoba/piris saxeli micemiT brunvaSi)
me-2 str. _ weliwadis romeli dro (Tve) iqneboda es pirovneba?
(zafxuli, ivnisi, noemberi, sxv.)
me-3 str. – rogori amindi iqneboda igi? (Weqa-quxili, JuJuna wvima, sxv.)
me-4 str. _ dRe-Ramis romeli monakveTi iqneboda es pirovneba?
(daRlili saRamo, xalisiani dila, mSvidi SuadRe...)
me-5 str. _ rogori nageboba iqneboda es piri? (Seuvali cixe-simagre,
myudro saxli, moCuqurTmebuli aivani....)
me-6 str. _ ra nivTi (var. samosi) iqneboda igi? (sanadimo magida,
basri xanjali, Tbili mosasxami, mtkice abjari, mfarveli nabadi...)
me-7 str. _ ra saxis sasmeli an saWmeli iqneboda igi? (ankara wyaros
wyali, surnelovani puri, SuSxuna Rvino...)
me-8 str. – daskvniTi taepi (survilisamebr).
1. ..... -s
2. Sen xar .... (romelic)....
3. (Sen xar)..... (romelic)....
4. (Sen xar).... (romelic)....
5. (Sen xar) .... (romelic)....
6. (Sen xar).... (romelic)....
7. (Sen xar)... (romelic)....
8. (Sejameba, daskvna, emocia, sxv.).
maswavlebeli ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom leqsis SeTxzvisas isi-
ni, sasurvelia, ar dakmayofildnen dasmul SekiTxvebze martivi pasuxis
gacemiT. moswavleebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon agreTve zedsarTavebic _
detalebisa da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis gamokveTis mizniT (mag., mxolod
`Sen xar ianvari...~ ki ara, vTqvaT, `Sen xar ianvari, civi da susxiani...~).
muSaobis dawyebamde maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda warudginos
(SesaZlebelia, dafaze daweros) aRniSnuli sqemis mixedviT Sedgenili
martivi leqsi, romelic maT nimuSad gamoadgebaT.
228
nimuSi.
1. sulxan-saba orbelians
2. Sen xar mSvidi Semodgoma,
3. naTeli, mziani dRis
4. wynari saRamo;
5. Wriala xis kari, romelic baRSi gadis, 2
6. Zveleburi zardaxSa, romelic yvelafers daitevs;
7. ankara wyaros wyali, romelic yvelas mouklavs wyurvils.
8. Seni tyuilic ki simarTlea, sulxan-saba.
Sevrebs. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs,
ganmarton, ratom gamoiyenes esa Tu is metafora (risi xazgasma sur-
daT gamoyenebuli metaforiT). dasasrul, moswavleebis azris gaTva
liswinebiT, maswavlebeli gamoavlens saukeTeso namuSevars.
• Seswavlili masalis gaanalizeba;
• individualuri midgomis gamoxatva;
• SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamovlena;
• tropuli metyvelebis elementis _ metaforis adekvaturi gamo
yeneba.
1. leqsis SeTxzvisas frCxilebSi Casmuli sityvebis gamoyeneba
savaldebulo ar aris _ moswavleebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon sxva enob
rivi konstruqciebic (mag., `sulxan-saba _ mSvidi Semodgoma,/ naTeli,
mziani dRis wynari saRamo da a.S.). mTavaria, leqsis SeTxzvisas moswav-
leebma daicvan Sinaarsobrivi moTxovnebi.
2. savaldebuli ar aris me-8 taepis SeTxzva. SesaZlebelia, maswav-
lebelma Semajamebeli taepi TviTonve SesTavazos moswavleebs, rac maT
erTgvar orientirad gamoadgebaT.
3. aRniSnul aqtivobas SeiZleba mieces erTgvari TamaSisa da Sejib
ris saxe.
4. zemoT moyvanili sqema warmoadgens erT-erT SesaZlo variants.
maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs SesTavazos sxva parametrebis Sem-
cveli sqema/sqemebi.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 6, 8; qarT. IX. 9, 13.
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aqtivoba # 13. poeziis 15 wuTi: vwerT epitafias
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs codnis gaaqtiurebas da
Seswavlili masalis gaazrebas ZiriTadi aspeqtebis gamokveTis gziT.
igi daexmareba moswavleebs naswavli masalis ganzogadebasa da Sefase-
baSi, biZgs miscems damoukidebeli midgomisa da warmosaxvis unarebis
gamovlena-ganviTarebas. aqtivoba agreTve daexmareba moswavleebs, ga-
moimuSaon saTanado stiluri moTxovnebis dacvis unari (kerZod, da-
icvan lakoniuroba).
aRniSnuli aqtivobis Catareba SesaZlebelia ama Tu im mwerlis Semoq
medebis an calkeuli nawarmoebis Seswavlis Semdeg.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• informaciis daxarisxebisa da ganzogadebis unar-Cvevebis ganvi-
Tareba;
• wakiTxulis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatvis unar-
Cvevebis ganviTareba;
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveuli, kalami.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri/wyviluri.
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli mokled gaesaubreba moswavleebs
epitafiis Sesaxeb. gaaxsenebs maT arsen iyalToelis epitafias (im Sem
TxvevaSi, Tuki igi Seswavlili aqvT).
maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs daweron epitafia maTTvis
nacnob mweralze an literaturul personaJze. epitafiaSi SeiZleba
gamoikveTos mwerlis Tu personaJis xasiaTi/Cveulebebi, misi saqmeebi
(erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani), gardacvaleba (rogor gardaicvala igi);
an Sejamdes/Sefasdes mwerlis Tu personaJis cxovreba. SesaZlebelia
maswavlebelma winaswar SeaTanxmos moswavleebTan, romel aspeqtze unda
gaamaxvilon yuradReba samuSaos Sesrulebis dros; Seaxsenebs moswav-
leebs, rom maT unda daicvan lakoniuroba epitafiis weris dros.
moswavleTa dasaxmareblad maswavlebeli dafaze Camowers SeTanxme-
bul punqtebs da moTxovnebs.
varianti. maswavlebelma SeiZleba sTxovos moswavleebs epitafi-
isTvis citatis SerCeva. es unda iyos, maTi azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelo-
vani strofi an mokle prozauli fragmenti SerCeuli mwerlis Semoq-
medebidan.
Sevrebs; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi akeTeben damatebiT komentarebs.
dasasrul, moswavleebis azris gaTvaliswinebiT, maswavlebeli ga-
moavlens saukeTeso namuSevars.
aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12_ 15 wuTi
230
• Seswavlili masalis kritikuli gaanalizeba;
• sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva, individualuri midgomis
gamovlena;
• SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamovlena;
2
• TanamSromloba (wyviluri muSaobis formatSi);
• saTanado stiluri moTxovnebis dacva weris dros.
1. aqtivobis organizeba SesaZlebelia agreTve wyvilebSi muSaobis
gziT.
2. moswavleTa unarebisa da codnis donis gaTvaliswinebiT, epi-
tafiis weris dros maswavlebelma moswavleebs SeiZleba damatebiT
SesTavazos mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis _ aliteraciisa da
asonansis gamoyeneba, mag., Tornike erisTavi _ erisTvis Tavdadebuli;
TeTrwvera da TeTrmiani eriskaci...; marita _ mSvenieri magnolia; tani
tatani talaxad qceuli... (aliteracia); Tornike erisTavi _ eris erT-
guli beri da meomari; barda daamarcxa jvriTa da maxviliT...; marita _
adamianTa samarTliT amaod dasjili... (asonansi) da sxv.
3. aRniSnul aqtivobas SeiZleba mieces erTgvari TamaSisa da Sejib
ris saxe.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: istoria (im SemTxvevebSi, Tuki: personaJi is-
toriuli piria da/an gamoyenebuli iqneba mwerlis Semoqmedebis da/an
nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambis istoriuli konteqsti).
aqtivoba # 14. gapirovnebuli leqsi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba exmareba moswavleebs, gaaaqtiuron cod-
na, gaiazron Seswavlili masala, gamoimuSaon literaturuli nawar-
moebebis personaluri aRqmisa da sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxat-
vis unari; agreTve personaJebis Tanagancdis (empaTiis) unari.
aqtivoba biZgs aZlevs moswavleTa warmosaxvis unarisa da fantazi-
is ganviTarebas, SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamovlenas, xels uwyobs
weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.
aqtivobis Catareba SesaZlebelia ama Tu im mwerlis Semoqmedebis an
calkeuli nawarmoebis Seswavlis Semdeg.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• informaciis daxarisxebisa da Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
231
• wakiTxulis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatvis unar-
Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• Tanagancdis (empaTiis) unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri / wyviluri.
aqtivobis aRwera:
maswavlebeli mokled gaesaubreba moswavleebs im mwerlis/nawarmoe-
bis personaJis Sesaxeb, romelic leqsisTvisaa SerCeuli; Seaxsenebs
maT tropuli metyvelebis erT-erTi saxis _ gapirovnebis arss kon
kretuli magaliTebis moxmobiT.
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaacnobs davalebis arss _
moswavleebis amocanaa, gapirovnebis xerxis gamoyenebiT SeTxzan oTx-
taepiani leqsi mweralze/personaJze (maswavleblis SerCeviT). warmo-
saxvis unarisa da empaTiis gancdis gasaqtiureblad maswavlebeli maT
sTavazobs leqsis pirvel pirSi daweras; sTxovs maT, gaamaxvilon yu
radReba personaJis gancdebze, mis sulier samyaroze.
samuSaos dawyebis win maswavlebeli gaakravs didi formatis qaR-
aldze daweril martiv gegmas (an dawers dafaze), romliTac moswav-
leebi ixelmZRvaneleben leqsis weris dros da miscems maT saWiro
ganmartebebs.
am SemTxvevaSi savsebiT misaRebi iqneba, Tuki leqsi dawerili iqne-
ba verlibris (Tavisufali leqsis) formiT. maswavlebelma sagangebod
unda gaafrTxilos moswavleebi, rom maT ar moeTxovebaT tradiciuli
gariTmuli leqsis dawera _ isini mTlianad unda iyvnen koncentrire-
buli leqsis Sinaarsze _ personaJis emociebisa da sulieri samyaros
gadmocemaze.
nimuSi. gegma:
1. vin var me? (saxeldeba, personaJis vinaoba);
2. rogoria Cemi gamocdileba/cxovreba? (yvelaze mniSvnelovani
faqti personaJis gamocdilebidan, cxovrebidan);
3. ras vgrZnobdi, rodesac .... (sxva personaJebTan urTierTobis /
konfliqtis dros);
4. ra aris Cemi mTavari saTqmeli? (Sejameba, ganzogadeba, sxv.).
nimuSi. gapirovnebuli leqsi:
1. me _ marita,
2. virze ukuRma Sesmuli, talaxiT mosvrili,
3. verafers vgrZnobdi, TiTqos gavqvavdi.
4. vai, ra sastikia (/usamarTloa) brbos samarTali.
232
 informaciis daxarisxeba;
 Seswavlili masalis ganzogadeba da Sefaseba;
 sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;
 individualuri midgomis gamovlena; 2
 SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamovlena;
 TanamSromloba (wyviluri muSaobis gziT);
 saTanado stiluri moTxovnebis dacva weris dros.
meToduri miTiTebebi: aqtivobis organizeba SesaZlebelia agreTve
wyvilebSi muSaobis gziT.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: kavSirSia istoriasTan (im SemTxvevebSi, Tuki
personaJi istoriuli piria da/an gamoyenebuli iqneba mwerlis Semoq-
medebis, nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambis istoriuli konteqsti).
aqtivoba # 15. gamovxatoT Cveni Tvalsazrisi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, daweron
teqsti, romelSic dasabuTebuli iqneba zooparkis saWiroeba Tana-
medrove epoqaSi (mag., `saWiroa Tu ara dRes zooparki?~ `Tanamedrove
zooparkebi da adamianebi~). aqtivoba mimarTulia iqiTken, rom mos-
wavleebma SeZlon sakuTari Tvalsazrisis werilobiT gadmocema da
dasabuTeba.
aqtivoba tardeba 3 etapad. igi kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs
zepirmetyvelebisa (I_ II etapebi) da weris (III etapi) mimarTulebebs. aq-
tivoba gamoiyeneba weris wina etapze.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• informaciis daxarisxebis unaris ganviTareba;
• zepirmetyvelebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba (sakuTari Tvalsaz-
risis gamoTqma da dasabuTeba);
• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba (sakuTari Tvalsazrisis werilo-
biT gadmocema da dasabuTeba).
aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT.
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalmebi, rveulebi.
aqtivobis aRwera:
maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs zooparkebis Temaze (aqtivo-
bis Catarebamde sasurvelia, moswavleebi gaecnon sxvadasxva saxis teq
233
stebs/masalebs Tanamedrove zooparkebis Sesaxeb). maprovocirebeli
SekiTxvebis dasmiT moswavleebi dafiqrdebian imaze, Tu ra funqcias
asruleben zooparkebi Tanamedrove epoqaSi (rogor fiqrobT, saWiroa
Tu ara zooparkebi Tanamedrove epoqaSi?, sxv.). maswavlebeli moswav-
leebs SesTavazebs, daasabuTon, rom zooparkebi dResac saWiro da
mniSvnelovania. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia imis gaazreba, Tu ra adgili
ukavia zooparks Tanamedrove adamianis cxovrebaSi.
I etapi _ gonebrivi ieriSis gziT moswavleebi wamoayeneben ideebs,
romelTac maswavlebeli dawers dafis marcxena nawilSi/dafis marcxe-
na frTaze. davuSvaT, rom sabolood CamonaTvalma amgvari saxe miiRo.
nimuSi. CamonaTvali:
 adamianebi naxuloben egzotikur cxovelebs
 mxolod zooparkSi SeiZleba mtacebeli cxovelebis naxva
 bavSvebi aTvaliereben da ecnobian gareul cxovelebs
 zooparkebSi kvleviTi laboratoriebia, romlebiSic nebismier
eqsperimentis Catareba SeiZleba
 adamianebi ecnobian sxvadasxva saxeobis cxovelebs
 bavSvebi kargad erTobian
 ufrosebi dadian saseirnod
 bavSvebi swavloben cxovelebis siyvaruls
 mecnierebi swavloben cxovelebs
 yoveldRe SeuZliaT eqsperimentebis Catareba cxovelebze
 cxovelebi usafrTxod arian
 yvela cxoveli daculia
 cxovelebi sicocxles inarCuneben
 cxovelebi cal-calke sxedan da erTmaneTs Tavs ar esxmian
 cxovelebs aqvT sakmarisi sakvebi da wyali
 daavadebul cxovelebs zooparkebSi mkurnaloben
II etapi _ maswavlebeli, moswavleTa aqtiuri TanamonawileobiT,
muSaobs CamonaTvalSi warmodgenili ideebis kategorizaciaze. samuSaos
gasaadvileblad maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos grafikuli maorganize-
beli òbobas qseli~. dafis marjvena nawilSi maswavlebeli dawers sityvas
`zooparki~ da SemoaCarCoebs mas rgolisebri xaziT. amis Semdeg maswav-
lebeli, moswavleTa aqtiuri monawileobiT, gansazRvravs CamonaTvlis
calkeuli ideis Sesabamis kategorias. sawyis etapze, sasurvelia, CamonaT-
vlidan SeirCes erTi da imave kategoriis ori idea: mag., `cxovelebs aqvT
sakmarisi sakvebi da wyali~ da `daavadebul cxovelebs zooparkebSi mkur-
naloben~, romlebic gaerTiandeba kategoriaSi `cxovelebis daculoba~
(am gziT moswavleebi ukeT gaacnobiereben Sesasrulebeli samuSaos arss).
kategorizaciis procesi grZeldeba _ CamonaTvalSi warmodgenili yvela
234
idea saTanado adgils daikavebs sqemaze _ daukavSirdeba Sesabamis kate-
gorias. obobiseburi sqemas nabij-nabij itoteba. sabolood CamonaTvlis
gadamuSavebuli versia _ obobiseburi sqema amgvar saxe miiRebs.
aRzrda-ganaTleba:
 adamianebi naxuloben egzotikur cxovelebs
 mxolod zooparkSi SeiZleba mtacebeli cxovelebis naxva
2
 bavSvebi aTvaliereben da ecnobian gareul cxovelebs
 adamianebi ecnobian sxvadasxva saxeobis cxovelebs
 bavSvebi swavloben cxovelebis siyvaruls
garToba, dasveneba:
 bavSvebi kargad erTobian
 ufrosebi dadian saseirnod
mecnierebis ganviTareba:
 mecnierebi swavloben cxovelebs
 yoveldRiuri eqsperimentebi, zooparkebSi kvleviTi laborato-
riebia
cxovelebis daculoba:
 cxovelebs aqvT sakmarisi sakvebi da wyali
 daavadebul cxovelebs zooparkebSi mkurnaloben
 yvela cxoveli daculia
 cxovelebi cal-calke sxedan da erTmaneTs Tavs ar esxmian
 cxovelebi sicocxles inarCuneben
 cxovelebi usafrTxod arian
III etapi _ kategorizacia dasrulebulia. moswavleebs rveulebSi

gadaaqvT obobaseburi sqema. maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT moswav-
leebi sabolood Seajameben axalmiRebul informaciasa da Catarebuli
samuSaos Sedegebs.
saxlSi samuSaod moswavleebs daevalebaT, daweron teqsti zoo-
parkebis Temaze. moswavleebs kargad unda hqondeT gacnobierebuli,
rom obobis qseliseburi sqema (romelic maT erToblivad Seadgines mas-
wavlebelis xelmZRvanelobiT), faqtobrivad, igivea, rac naSromis geg-
ma: kategorizaciis Sedegad miRebuli TiToeuli punqti Seesatyviseba
momavali naSromis erT romelime sakiTxs. TiToeuli kategoria, masSi
gaerTianebuli informaciiT, warmoadgens momavali weriTi namuSevris
ZiriTadi nawilis erT calkeul abzacs.
235
• sakuTari mosazrebis gamoTqma da dasabuTeba;
• sakuTari mosazrebis werilobiT gamoxatva da saTanadod argumen-
tireba;
• werilobiTi teqstis Seqmna mocemuli sayrdenebis mixedviT.
• aqtivobis Catarebis meore etapze (muSaoba kategorizaciaze) SeiZ
leba saWiro gaxdes xanmokle, konkretul sakiTxebze fokusirebu-
li diskusiis, kiTxva-pasuxis, azrTa gacvla-gamocvlis xanmokle
sesiebis Catareba.
• zemoT SemoTavazebul modelze dayrdnobiT maswavlebels Sem
dgomSi SeuZlia Caataros aseve aqtivoba, romelic fokusirebuli
iqneba alternatiul azrze (`zooparkebSi cxovelebis damwyvdeva
arahumanuria/sisastikea~) da mis argumentirebaze. am gziT mos-
wavleebs gamoumuSavdebaT imis unari, rom Sexedon sakiTxs sxva-
dasxva poziciidan, ganuviTardebaT argumentirebisa da, zoga-
dad, kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebi.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: bunebismetyveleba. amas garda, aqtivoba avi-

Tarebs kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic saWiroa mecnie
rebis nebismieri sxva dargis Seswavlis drosac.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 6, 8; qarT. IX. 9, 10, 12, 13.
mimarTuleba: wera
aqtivoba # 1: tavtologiis damarcxebisaTvis
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamoiyeneba weris Semdgom etapze. igi em-
saxureba teqstis redaqtirebisa da gamarTuli weriTi metyvelebisaT-
vis saWiro unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas. mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnuli
aqtivobis Catarebis dros moswavleebi sakuTar nawers afaseben ukve
mkiTxvelis (auditoriis) poziciidan. mkiTxvelis rolSi yofna aval-
debulebs moswavleebs, kidev erTxel CauRrmavdnen sakuTari naSromis
Sinaarssa da struqturas, mis enobriv-stilistur mxareebs, Cawvdnen
konteqts; Seafason, ramdenad gasagebad, cxadad da gamarTulad aqvT
gamoTqmuli esa Tu is azri/Tvalsazrisi/idea; TvalsaCinod dainaxon
TavianTi naSromebis nakli da Rirseba. es xels uwyobs kritikuli az-
rovnebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas da stimuls aZlevs metakognitu-
ri unarebis ganviTarebis process.
236
aqtivobis miznebi:
• teqstis analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba; kritikuli az-
rovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• werisas saTanado enobriv-stilisturi normebis marTebulad ga
moyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• moswavleTa leqsikuri maragis Sevseba; leqsikonze muSaobis unar-
2
Cvevebis gamomuSaveba;
• naweris redaqtirebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba;
• TviTSefasebis unaris ganviTareba.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri (pirveli-mesame nawi
lebi), wyviluri/jgufuri (meore nawili).
aqtivobis aRwera:
nawerSi tavtologiebis aRmofxvris mizniT maswavlebeli daavalebs
moswavleebs, gayon TavianT rveulebSi erTi gverdi or nawilad; erT
svetSi Camoweron maT mier gamoyenebuli zmnebi/arsebiTi saxelebi,
zedsarTavi saxelebi, meore svetSi ki miuTiTon (arabuli cifrebiT),
ramdenjer aqvT gamoyenebuli Sesabamisi sityva.
nimuSi:
Zlieri 7-jer
sinonimebi:
Ronieri, Zlevamosili,
uzarmazari Zalis mqone, devgmiri,
didi jan-Ronis patroni
amgvari cxrili TvalsaCinod daanaxebs moswavleebs, rom xSirad ga-

moyenebuli sityva sinonimiTaa Sesacvleli. sinonimebis Ziebaze moswav-
leebma SeiZleba wyvilebSi/jgufebSi imuSaon erToblivad, leqsikonis
daxmarebiT.
sinonimebis moZebnis Semdeg moswavleebs daevalebaT, Sesabamisi kon-
teqstis gaTvaliswinebiT, moZiebuli sinonimebiT Caanacvlon xSirad
gamoyenebuli sityva da am saxiT daweron winadadebebi.
• leqsikonis gamoyeneba;
• winadadebis agebisas adekvaturi leqsikuri erTeulebis gamoyeneba;
• sinonimebis moZieba, konteqstis mixedviT SerCeva da saTanadod
gamoyeneba;
237
• naweris redaqtirebis martivi xerxebis gamoyeneba;
• weris strategiebis gamoyeneba;
• TviTSefaseba;
• TanamSromloba.
aqtivoba # 2: sityvebis `raxaruxis~ winaaRmdeg

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamoiyeneba weris Semdgom etapze. igi
emsaxureba teqstis gaazrebis, redaqtirebis, gamarTuli weriTi me
tyvelebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• teqstis gaazrebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• weriTi metyvelebisas saTanado enobriv-gramatikuli, sintaqsuri
da stilisturi normebis marTebulad gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba;
• naweris redaqtirebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri (pirveli nawili), wyvi-
luri /jgufuri (meore nawili).
aqtivobis aRwera:
aqtivoba naTlad daanaxebs moswavleebs, rom werisas isini sakmaod
xSirad iyeneben zedmet, arafrismTqmel sityvebs, ris gamoc winadade-
bebi mouqneli da sintaqsurad gaumarTavi gamodis.
moswavleTa nawerebis sintaqsurad gamarTvis mizniT, maswavlebeli
avalebs moswavleebs, rom rveulis gverdi or nawilad gayon. pirvel
nawilSi moswavleebma unda Camoweron winadadebebis ricxviTi Sesa-
tyvisebi (1., 2., 3...) da yovel winadadebaSi daTvalon sityvaTa raode-
noba; sqemis meore mxares ki, TiToeul winadadebasTan, aRniSnon/miuw-
eron, ramdeni sityvisgan Sedgeba igi (ix. nimuSi).
sityvebis daTvlis Semdeg moswavleebi yuradRebas gaamaxvileben
grZel winadadebebze. savaraudod, grZeli winadadebebi sintaqsurad
gaumarTavi iqneba. amis dadgenis Semdeg maswavlebeli wyvilebSi/
jgufebSi gadaanawilebs moswavleebs. wyvilis/jgufis wevrebi amgvar
winadadebebs xmamaRla waukiTxaven erTmaneTs da Seecdebian maT Semok-
lebas, gamarTvas, daxvewas da naweris gasufTavebas sityvebis `raxarux-
isagan~.
238
nimuSi:
winadadeba #1 5 sityva
winadadeba #2 7 sityva
winadadeba #3 12_ sityva
winadadeba #4 6 -sityva 2
winadadeba #5 14_ sityva
winadadeba #6 9 -sityva
winadadeba #7 11 –sityva

• winadadebis agebisas swori gramatikuri formebis gamoyeneba,
• zmnuri konstruqciebis marTebulad gamoyeneba;
• adekvaturi leqsikuri erTeulebis gamoyeneba;
• naweris redaqtirebis strategiebis gamoyeneba;
• TanamSromloba.
aqtivoba # 3. movemzadoT werisaTvis: virCevT Temas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba e.w. fokusirebuli Tavisufali weris ni-
muSs warmogvidgens da gamiznulia weris wina etapisaTvis. aqtivoba
xels uwyobs weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebas, aviTarebs informaciis
daxarisxebisa da kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebs; aaqtiurebs ideebis
generirebis process, xels uwyobs weris procesis etapebisa da weris
strategiebis gacnobierebas, damoukideblad muSaobis unar-Cvevebis
gamomuSavebas.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• ideebis generirebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• informaciis daxarisxebisa da kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cveve-
bis ganviTareba;
• weris procesis etapebis gaazreba;
• weris strategiebis gacnobiereba;
239
resursebi: rveuli, saweri kalami.
aqtivobis aRwera:
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron Txzuleba erT-erT
dReze, romelic maT gansakuTrebiT daamaxsovrdaT. momavali namu-
Sevris ideis mosafiqreblad ki moawyobs e.w. fokusirebuli Tavisu-
fali weris xanmokle sesias. igi winaswar gaafrTxilebs moswavleebs
droiTi reglamentis Sesaxeb (5-10 wuTi). sesiis dawyebamde maswavlebe-
li auxsnis moswavleebs fokusirebuli Tavisufali weris arss (ix. wer-
is mimarTuleba, Sesavali nawili, agreTve qvemoT, punqti `meToduri
miTiTebebi~).
I etapi _ moswavleebi Seudgebian weras.
II etapi _ daniSnuli drois amowurvis Semdeg Semdeg moswavleebi
gadaxedaven TavianT namuSevrebs da SearCeven ideas momavali namu-
SevrisaTvis (arasaWiro sityvebs gadaxazaven).
III etapi _ SerCeuli Temis Sesabamisad moswavleebi moifiqreben Ta-
vianTi momavali namuSevris saTaurs da Seadgenen gegmas, romelSic
Camoweren movlenebs qronologiis dacviT. samuSaos dasrulebis Sem-
deg waradgenen namuSevrebs.
saxlSi Sesasruleblad maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Seadginon
weriTi namuSevari SerCeuli saTaurisa da gegmis Sesabamisad.
nimuSi. fokusirebuli Tavisufali wera (stili daculia)

`dRe romelic damamaxsovrda damamaxsovrda dRe. dabadebis dRe axa
li weli. kidev ra dRe SeiZleba? fexburTze rom viyavi. kidev ra? kidev
unda raRaca movifiqro dabadebis dReze dawers albaT yvela. raRaca
sxva unda movifiqro. movifiqro. movifiqro. axali weli rom aviRo da-
sawerad an zRvaze rom viyaviT, magram erTi dRea dasaweri. romeli axali
weli davwero babu rom CvenTan iyo maSin is rom davwero? maSin cocxali
iyo. babu babu mokle raRacas davwer. rom axal wels babuasTan erTad
SevxvdiT. verafers ver vfiqrob. Tan ar SeiZleba gaCereba. akvaparkSi
rom viyaviT yvelani is xom ar davwero? Zaan kargi iyo magram didi xnis
win iyo Tan maSin bevri unda davwero. babu rom ...~
nimuSi. namuSevris saTauri da gegma

àxali wlis dRes~
1. SarSandeli axali wlis dila.
2. saaxalwlo saCuqrebis miReba. babuas saCuqari.
3. naTesavebis stumroba.
4. sadResaswaulo sadili.
5. saseirnod wasvla babuasTan erTad.
6. riTi iyo es axali weli gansakuTrebuli.
240
aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 17-20 wuTi
 ideebis generireba;
 kritikuli azrovneba;
 weris strategiebis gamoyeneba. 2
 Tavisufali wera erT-erTi saSualebaa weriTi namuSevrisaTvis
saWiro ideebis generirebisaTvis. zemoT aRwerili aqtivoba warmogvid-
gens e.w. fokusirebuli Tavisufali weris nimuSs (Tavisufali wera
konkretul Temaze). maswavlebeli winaswar unda ganusazRvros moswav-
leebs dro Tavisufali werisaTvis (mag., 5-10 wuTi). aucilebelia, rom
weris procesi midiodes Seferxebebis gareSe, mSvid garemoSi. moswav-
leebi unda werdnen Seusveneblad, ar ifiqron gramatikuli norme-
bis dacvaze _ unda gvaxsovdes, rom Tavisufali weris arsi werisa da
fiqris procesis maqsimaluri daaxloebaa. sxva sityvebiT, moswavleebma
unda `gadmoRvaron~ TavianTi fiqrebi qaRaldze; weron ise, rogorc
fiqroben da rasac fiqroben, enobrivi Tu sxva saxis koreqtirebebis
gareSe. aqedan gamomdinare, Tavisufali werisas dasaSvebia arasruli
winadadebebis da/an erTmaneTTan logikurad daukavSirebeli winadade-
bebis, calkeuli sityvebis, frazebis gamoyeneba.
• Tuki moswavlem ar icis, rogor gaagrZelos wera, mas SeuZlia
gaagrZelos bolo sityvis wera manamde, sanam axalis azri (sityva)
ar gauCndeba (ix. zemoT moyvanili nimuSi);
• namuSevris saboloo versiaSi Tavisufali weris dros dawerili
teqsti, cxadia, sruli saxiT ar aisaxeba.
• `Tavisufali weris~ strategiis gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT efeq-
turia personaluri eses, piradi damokidebulebis amsaxveli esesa
da/an SemoqmedebiTi weris dros.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba aviTarebs kritikul azrovnebasa da
metakognitur unarebs (weris procesis etapebis gaazrebis gziT), rom-
lebic saWiroa mecnierebis nebismieri sxva dargis Sesaswavlad.
varianti (b)
davweroT pirveli winadadeba
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron imaze Tu ratom uWirT
wera/ratom ver weren. moswavlem unda aRweros, rogor da/an ratom
uWirs wera da `daatrialos~ saTauri ramdenjerme. am dros pirveli
winadadeba SeiZleba `TavisiT movides~.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 10, 12, 13.
241
aqtivoba # 4. davexmaroT mkiTxvels gzis gakvalvaSi
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba exmareba moswavleebs teqstis
struqturul-organizaciuli elementebis gaazrebaSi, avarjiSebs
maT e.w. gadasvlebis _ naweris calkeuli nawilebis erTmaneTTan da-
sakavSirebeli enobrivi formulebisa da konstruqciebis gamoyenebaSi.
aqtivoba aseve xels uwyobs analitikuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas
teqstebis organizaciul yalibze (droiTi, logikuri, sxv.) fokusire-
bis gziT. aqtivoba warmodgenilia 2 variantad: a varianti Sedgeni
lia mizezSedegobivi mimarTebis amsaxveli teqstisaTvis, b varianti _
droiTi mimarTebis amsaxveli teqstisaTvis. aqtivoba gamoiyeneba weris
wina etapze.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
individualuri (II etapi).
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalmebi, rveulebi.
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaesaubreba logikuri
mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebis mniSvnelobaze. imi
saTvis, rom moswavleebma gaacnobieron maTi mniSvneloba, SesaZlebelia
Semdegi analogiis moyvana: teqstis mkiTxveli esaa turisti, romelic
ucxo qveyanaSi mogzaurobs. imisaTvis, rom mas gza ar aebnas, aucile-
belia `sagzao niSnebis~ gamoyeneba _ teqstis weris dros gamoyenebuli
logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi erTgvari
sagzao niSnebia, romelTa daxmarebiT mkiTxveli SeZlebs Tavisuflad
`gadaadgilebas~ teqstSi.
am konstruqciebis adekvaturad gamoyenebaze savarjiSod maswavle-
beli moswavleebs SesTavazebs, daweron mcire zomis teqsti, romelSic
gamoiyeneben teqstis tipisa da organizaciuli yalibis Sesabamis logi-
kuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobriv saSualebebs (maqsimaluri raode-
nobiT).
I etapi _ weris dawyebamde maswavlebeli mimarTavs gonebrivi ieriSis
strategias da moswavleTa aqtiuri TanamonawileobiT dafaze Camowers
enobriv formulebsa da konstruqciebs (samuSaod SerCeuli teqstis
tipis Sesabamisad), romlebic moswavleebma unda gamoiyenon teqstis
SeTxzvis dros.
nimuSi:
varianti a. mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis amsaxveli teqstisaTvis:
amitom, imitom, radgan, aqedan gamomodinare, Sedegad, radganac, ase
rom, ...-is mizeziT, ..-is Sedegad, ...-is gamoisobiT da a.S.
varianti b. droiTi mimarTebis /Tanamimdevrobis amsaxveli teqsti-
242
saTvis: Tavidan, Tavdapirvelad, pirvelad, pirvel rigSi, Semdeg, ...-is
Semdeg, am dros, ...-is dros, amasobaSi, meored, bolos,...-is bolos, sab-
olood da a.S.
II etapi _ moswavleebi weren mcire zomis Txzulebas dafaze daweri-
li enobrivi konstruqciebisa da kliSeebis gamoyenebiT.
nimuSi:
varianti a. mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis amsaxveli teqsti mizezebi- 2
sa da Sedegebis detaluri CvenebiT.

SesaZlo Temebi: sicruis mizezebi da Sedegebi, megobrobis mizezebi
da Sedegebi, cudad swavlis mizezebi da Sedegebi, sxv.
varianti b. droiTi Tanamimdevrobis amsaxveli sainstruqcio teqsti
moqmedebis etapebis detaluri CvenebiT.
SesaZlo Temebi: rogor movemzadoT gamocdisaTvis/sportuli Se
jibrebisaTvis, rogor gavataroT zafxulis ardadegebi, rogor davis-
venoT zRvaze da misT.
Tuki maswavlebeli mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, SesaZlebelia saxumaro
Temebis SeTavazebac, mag.: rogor aviridoT Tavidan saojaxo davalebis
Sesruleba, rogor davkargoT saukeTeso megobari, rogor CaviWraT
gamocdaze, rogor movimatoT 7 dReSi 14 kg. da misT.
• teqstis organizaciuli yalibis gaazreba;
• teqstis tipis Sesaferisi enobrivi formulebisa da kon-
struqciebis gamoyeneba;
• SeTavazebuli modelis mixedviT mcire zomis teqstis SeTxzva.
Sevrebs. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli iZleva damatebiT axsna
-ganmartebebs, SeniSvnebs, akeTebs komentarebs.
meToduri miTiTeba: aqtivobis Catarebamde, sasurvelia, moswavlee-
bi gaecnon saTanado teqsts, romelSic gamoyenebuli iqneba logikuri
mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi (e.w. gadasvlebi).
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 9; qarT. VII. 11, 13,
14; qarT. VIII. 9; qarT. VIII. 12, 13; qarT. IX. 7, 8; qarT. IX. 11, 12, 13.
243
saSualo safexuri
mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, wera

aqtivoba. movusminoT da gaviazroT
aqtivobis Sesaxeb:
aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa smenis unarebis, agreTve kriti-
kuli analizis unarebis ganviTarebas. igi daexmareba moswavleebs, ga-
moimuSaon mosmenili informaciis saTanadod aRqmis, daxarisxebisa da
kategorizaciis unarebi martivi cxrilis Sevsebis gziT, romelSic
mosmenili informacia or svetSi iqneba organizebuli. amgvari or-
ganizeba moswavleebs daexmareba mosmenili informaciis gaazrebaSi,
daxarisxeba-kategorizaciasa da SejamebaSi. aqtivoba tardeba or eta-
pad. igi kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs zepirmetyvelebisa da weris
mimarTulebebs.
aqtivoba warmodgenilia ori (a, b) variantis saxiT. meore (b) varian-
ti pirvelis garTulebul saxesxvaobas warmoadgens.
aqtivobis mizani:
• zepirad mosmenili informaciis aRqmisa da gaazrebis unar-Cveve-
bis ganviTareba;
• smenis unaris ganviTareba;
• kritikuli azrovnebis, kategorizaciis unar-Cvevebis ganviTare-
ba;
aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri (I etapi), wyviluri (II
etapi).
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveulebi, saweri kalmebi, nabeWdi
furclebi (saWiro raodenobiT).
aqtivobis aRwera:
I etapi _ mosmenamde:
maswavlebeli moswavleebs daurigebs winaswar momzadebul fur-
clebs, romlebzedac gamosaxulia martivi orsvetiani cxrili (cxr-
ilis nimuSi ix. qvemoT). amave cxrils maswavlebeli daxazavs dafaze
da ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom orsvetiani cxrili mosmenili in-
formaciis damaxsovrebisa da gaazrebisTvis aris saWiro. cxrilis
marcxena (1-li) sveti warmoadgens mTavari ideebis svets _ aq Caiwere-
ba ZiriTadi, mTavari idea/ideebi, marjvena (me-2) sveti _ SeniSvnebis/
damadasturebeli masalis svetia. maswavlebeli detalurad uxsnis mos-
wavleebs, rogor unda imuSaon cxrilis Sevsebaze, kerZod:
• mosmenis dros moswavleebi avseben mxolod meore, marjvena svets
(damadasturebeli faqtebi da movlenebi);
244
• mosmenis Semdeg moswavleebi avseben pirvel svets. amisTvis maT
unda daaxarisxon pirvel svetSi arsebuli Canawerebi da Sesabami-
sad gaakeTon Canawerebi marcxena (1-l) svetSi.

nimuSi. orsvetiani Canaweris sqema.
Tema: 2
mTavari ideebi damadasturebeli faqtebi da movlenebi
• •
•
•
•
•
•
• da a.S.
II etapi _ mosmenis dros:

maswavlebeli klass ukiTxavs winaswar momzadebul teqsts, rome
lic SerCeuli unda iyos moswavleTa codnis donisa da unarebis gaT-
valiswinebiT. moswavleebi ismenen teqsts da avseben marjvena svets.
mosmenis Semdeg: moswavleebi gadaikiTxaven TavianT Canawerebs da
avseben marcxena svets.
III etapi _ Sevsebul cxrils moswavleebi gaacnoben mewyvileebs, mok-

le azrTa gacvla-gamocvlis Semdeg mewyvileebi Tanxmdebian saboloo
variantze.
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg mewyvileebi waradgenen TavianT namu-
Sevrebs. maswavlebeli rigrigobiT ecnoba moswavleebis mier Sesrule-
buli samuSaos Sedegebs. erT-erTi mewyvile zepirad waradgens namuSe-
vars, meore mewyvile ki dafasTan gadis cxrilis Sesavsebad. saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli akeTebs komentarebs, iZleva axsna-ganmarte-
bas da misT. maswavleblis SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT TandaTan ivseba
dafaze gamosaxuli orsvetiani cxrili. saboloo varianti moswavleebs
gadaaqvT rveulebSi.
varianti (b):
SerCeulia teqsti, romelSic erTze meti mTavari ideaa warmodge-
nili. am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs SeiZleba dasWirdeT orsvetiani cx-
rilis Semavsebeli Canawerebis ori versiis (pirveladi da saboloo)
momzadeba. procedurulad b varianti iseve mimdinareobs, rogorc a
varianti _ mosmenis dros moswavleebi avseben mxolod marjvena svets.
245
mosmenis Semdeg moswavleebi miubrundebian marjvena svets, gadai-
kiTxaven da gaiazreben yvela SeniSvnas, Semdeg daajgufeben maT sxva-
dasxva seqciaSi ama Tu im konkretuli mTavari ideis garSemo. mag., Tuki
moswavleebma moismines teqsti qarTuli romantizmis Sesaxeb, marcxena
svetSi, savaraudod, SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos ori seqcia. seqcia a:
qarTuli romantizmis warmoSobis mizezebi; seqcia b _ qarTveli roman-
tikosi mwerlebi. Canawerebis saboloo versia ki amgvar saxes miiRebs:
nimuSi.
Tema: qarTuli romantizmi
mTavari ideebi faqtebi da movlenebi
a) qarTuli romantizmis o qveynis damoukideblobis

warmoSobis mizezebi dakargva
o evropuli da rusuli
literaturis gavlena
b) qarTveli romantikosi o sxv.
mwerlebi
o aleqsandre WavWavaZe
o grigol orbeliani
o nikoloz baraTaSvili
o sxv.

o mosmenili informaciis aRqma da gaazreba;
o kritikuli azrovneba.
meToduri miTiTebebi: Tuki Canawerebi arasrulia, moswavles SeuZlia
Seavsos nakluli informacia SekiTxvis dasmis gziT (hkiTxos mewyviles
da/an maswavlebels). saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, informaciis Sevsebis
mizniT, maswavlebelma SeiZleba moswavleebs daurigos maT mier mos-
menili teqstis beWduri versiac (winaswar momzadebuli); moswavleebi
waikiTxaven teqsts da Seavseben naklul informacias. am SemTxvevaSi
teqstis damuSaveba SesaZlebelia misi calkeuli pasaJebis sxvadasxva
feris markerebiT moniSvnis gziT. es, erTi mxriv, gauadvilebs moswav-
leebs samuSaos, meore mxriv, damatebiTi stimuli iqneba kategorizaci-
is unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad. moswavleebi lurji feris marker-
iT aRniSnaven TemasTan dakavSirebul informacias, ZiriTad ideebs _
mwvane feris markeriT, faqtebsa da movlenebs _ yviTeli feris marker-
iT (cxadia, SesaZlebelia sxva feris markerebis gamoyenebac. mTavaria,
davicvaT principi: TiToeuli calkeuli parametri aRiniSneba erTi
romelime feris markeriT. moswavleebi da maswavlebeli winaswar unda
246
SeTanxdnen ferebisa da parametrebis Sesabamisobebis principze). am
SemTxvevaSi aqtivoba kompleqsur saxe Rebulobs da faravs kiTxvis
mimarTulebasac.
rodesac moswavleebi met-naklebad aiTviseben Canawerebis keTebis
teqnologias, maswavlebels SeuZlia maT daavalos Canawerebis momza-
deba maswavleblis minileqciis, sxva moswavleebis sajaro gamosvlebisa
da/an debatebis mosmenis dros. 2
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. XI. 2, 4; qarT. XI. 12, 14.
mimarTuleba: kiTxva, wera

aqtivoba # 1. gadmovceT mxolod arsebiTi _ vadgenT reziumes
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa kritikuli
azrovnebis, weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. aqtivo-
ba daexmareba moswavleebs, ganiviTaron informaciis daxarisxebis _
mTavarisa da aramTavaris erTmaneTisagan gamijvnis unar-Cvevebi weri
Ti namuSevris reziumirebis gziT; gaecnon akademiuri weris sabaziso
moTxovnebs, kerZod, wyaroebis savaldebulo miTiTebis wess. aqtivoba
kompleqsuri saxisaa da miemarTeba kiTxvisa da weris mimarTulebebs.
aqtivobis miznebi:
• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba;
• TanamSromloba.
resursebi: amobeWdili samodelo teqsti (saWiro raodenobiT),
rveulebi, saweri kalmebi, feradi markerebi.
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaesaubreba reziumire-
bis arsze, gaacnobierebinebs maT, rom reziumirebis dros aucilebe-
lia, saTqmeli gadmoices mokled, mxolod arsebiT mxareebis gamokve-
TiT. es, ZiriTadad, gulisxmobs mTavari da damxmare/damatebiTi in-
formaciis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnas. maswavlebeli moiyvans paralels
_ reziumireba yvela Cvengans uwevs yoveldRe _ reziumirebas vakeTebT,
rodesac vyvebiT raime ambavs, romelic SegvemTxva (SeuZlebelia yve
lafris gadmocema sityvasityviT) da/an megobars vuyvebiT films. am-
denad, es saqmianoba (reziumireba) yvela moswavlisaTvisaa nacnobi.
maswavlebli sTxovs moswavleebs, mewyvilesTan erTad gaecnon
SeTavazebul teqsts da Seadginon reziume maswavleblis mier Sedge-
nili pirobebis mixedviT. samuSaos gasaadvileblad maswavlebeli mos-
wavleebs SesTavazebs, feradi markeriT moniSnon mTavari sakiTxebi
247
teqstSi (mTavari sakiTxebis gamoyofa SeiZleba agreTve sityvebis qveS
xazis gasmiT).
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebis wyvilebs daurigebs SerCeu-
li teqstis amobeWdil versias. amave furcelze unda iyos dabeWdili
reziumes Sesadgenad aucilebeli 4 piroba (ix. qvemoT).
nimuSi:
www. hawa-hawaij
havaiuri qorwili
havaiuri qorwilis unikaluri iersaxe havais kunZulze arsebul
kulturaTa urTierTSerwymis Sedegia. saqorwilo zeims gansakuTre-
bul elfers sZens havaiuri tansacmeli, musika da havaiuri wes-Cveule-
bebi. patarZals acvia grZeli TeTri holoku (saqorwino kaba), siZes ki _
grZelsaxeloebiani TeTri perangi da wiTeli Sarvali. orives _ patar-
Zalsac da siZesac yvavilwnulebis yelsabamebi kidiaT. patarZlis yel-
sabami TeTri yvavilebisganaa dawnuli, siZis _ mwvane yvavilebisgan. ha-
vaiuri CveulebiT, saqorwino ceremoniis dasawyisSi siZe da patarZali
samjer Caberaven zRvis did niJaraSi. havaiuri xalxuri musika JRers
rogorc uSualod ceremoniis dros, ise mogvianebiT, rodesac iwveba
saqorwino sufrisaTvis aucilebeli mwvadebi. stumrebi mRerian, cek-
vaven, bednierebas usurveben axaldaqorwinebulebs.
sxva wes-Cveulebebi, romlebic SeiZleba CarTuli iyos saqorwilo
zeimSi, damokidebulia siZis an patarZlis eTnikur warmomavlobaze.
Tuki siZe an patarZali eTnikurad Cinelia, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli
iyos feierverki _ Cinuri wesi, romelic av sulebs afrTxobs; iapo
nuri origami (sxvadasxva formiT dakecili qaRaldebi) gamoiyeneba im
SemTxvevaSi, Tuki erT-erTi axaldaqorwinebuli iaponelia. roca eT-
nikurad filipineli qorwindeba, gamoiyeneben filipinur pandangos _
fulis banknotebisagan gakeTebul erTgvar lents, romelsac siZesa
da patarZals Semoaxveven pirveli saqorwino cekvis dros. am mraval-
ferovani tradiciebis wyalobiT havaiuri qorwili namdvilad uCveu-
lo multikulturul movlenas warmoadgens.
davaleba. dawereT reziume teqstisa `havaiuri qorwili~.
reziumes Sedgenisas gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi:
1. dasawyisSi miuTiTeT avtori/wyaro. momdevno xazze, centrSi,
moiyvaneT teqstis saTauri. momdevno xazis centrSi, frCxilebSi, miu-
TiTeT: `(reziume)~.
2. reziumes werisas gamoiyeneT mxolod mTavari informacia, nu
gaiTvaliswinebT detalebs;
3. gadmoeciT Sinaarsi Tqveni sityvebiT. avtoris sityvebi, frazebi
moiyvaneT mxolod citatis saxiT;
248
4. ar daumatoT axali azri, dakmayofildiT mxolod imiT, rac weria
teqstSi. Tqveni azrebi, Tvalsazrisi, pozicia reziumeSi ar unda asaxoT.
moswavleebi yuradRebiT, abzac-abzac ecnobian teqsts, feradi
markeriT moniSnaven teqstSi mTavar informacias. Tezisis Semcvel
winadadebas, Tematur winadadebas da ZiriTadi informaciis Semcvel
sxva adgilebs.
samuSaos damTvarebis Semdeg moswavleebi kiTxuloben feradi 2
markeriT moniSnul adgilebs, Semdeg TavianTi sityvebiT gadmoscemen
im informacias, romelic moyvanilia am (feradi markeriT moniSnul)
nawilebSi...
Sesrulebuli davalebis nimuSi:
www. hawa-hawaij
havaiuri qorwili
(reziume)
havaiur saqorwilo ritualSi sxvadasxva kulturaa Serwymuli. havai-
ur kulturas miekuTvneba nefe-patarZlis Cacmuloba, yvavilwnulebis
gamoyenebis Cveuleba, musika da ceremonia qorwilis dawyebis win. ha-
vaiur qorwilSi SeiZleba CarTuli iyos agreTve Cinuri, iaponuri da
filipinuri wes-Cveulebebic _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki siZe an patarZali
romelime am nacionalobis warmomadgenelia.
samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-
Sevrebs. maswavlebeli, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, aZlevs maT SeniSvnebs,
awvdis damatebiT axsna-ganmartebebs.
Sefaseba: am aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:
 kritikuli kiTxva;
 funqciuri weriTi namuSevris Seqmna mocemuli pirobis mixedviT;
 akademiuri weris sabaziso moTxovnebis dakmayofileba.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. X. 6, 7, 10; qarT. X. 16.
aqtivoba # 2. vadgenT Tematur winadadebas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa weriTi me-
tyvelebis ganviTarebas, zogadad, kritikuli azovnebis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebas. weriTi namuSevris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani komponentis
_ Tezisis Semcveli winadadebis Sedgenaze varjiSi daexmareba mos-
wavleebs, ukeT gaacnobieron kavSiri weriTi namuSevris sxvadasxva
komponents (Tema, teqstis struqturuli elementebi, calkeuli wina-
dadebebi, sxv.) Soris. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa, tardeba 3 etapad
da miemarTeba kiTxvisa da weris mimarTulebebs.
249
aqtivobis miznebi:
• weriTi namuSevris struqturis gaazreba;
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveulebi, saweri kalmebi. winaswar Ser-
Ceuli da qaRaldze amobeWdili teqsti da 3 davaleba (saWiro raodenobiT)
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaesaubreba Tematuri
winadadebis arssa da mniSvnelobaze1. moswavleebma unda gaacnobieron,
rom: Tematur winadadebaSi gamoTqmulia weriTi namuSevris mTavari
idea, romelic ganxilulia namuSevarSi; SeZlebisdagvarad, Tematuri
winadadeba Sedgenili unda iyos imgvarad, rom daainteresos mkiTxveli
(gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria garkveuli tipis, mag.: TxrobiTi da sain-
formacio teqstebisaTvis).
maswavlebeli moswavleebs daurigebs qaRaldze amobeWdils samuSao
masalas.
I etapi. nimuSi:
havaiuri qorwili
havaiuri qorwilis unikaluri iersaxe havais kunZulze arsebul
kulturaTa urTierTSerwymis Sedegia. saqorwilo zeims gansakuTre-
bul elfers sZens havaiuri tansacmeli, musika da havaiuri wes-Cveule-
bebi. patarZals acvia grZeli TeTri holoku (saqorwino kaba), siZes ki
_ grZelsaxeloebiani TeTri perangi da wiTeli Sarvali. orives _ pa-
tarZalsac da siZesac yvavilwnulebis yelsabamebi kidiaT. patarZlis
yelsabami TeTri yvavilebisganaa dawnuli, siZis _ mwvane yvavilebisgan.
havaiuri CveulebiT, saqorwino ceremoniis dasawyisSi siZe da patar-
Zali samjer Caberaven zRvis did niJaraSi. havaiuri xalxuri musika
JRers rogorc uSualod ceremoniis dros, ise mogvianebiT, rodesac
wvaven saqorwilo sufrisaTvis aucilebel mwvads.
sxva wes-Cveulebebi, romlebic SeiZleba CarTuli iyos zeimSi,
damokidebulia siZis an patarZlis eTnikur warmomavlobaze. Tuki
siZe an patarZali etnikurad Cinelia, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos fei-
erverki _ Cinuri wesi, romelic av sulebs afrTxobs; iaponuri origami
(sxvadasxva formiT dakecili qaRaldebi) gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi,
Tuki erT-erTi axaldaqorwinebuli iaponelia. maSin ki, rodesac eTni-
kurad filipineli qorwindeba, iyeneben filipinur pandangos _ fulis
banknotebisagan gakeTebul erTgvari lents, romelsac siZesa da pa-
tarZals Semoaxveven pirveli saqorwino cekvis dros. am mravalfero-
vani tradiciebis wyalobiT havaiuri qorwili namdvilad uCveulo
multikulturul movlenas warmoadgens.
1
am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT (weris etapi).
250
moswavleebi ecnobian teqsts. maswavlebeli moswavleebis yuradRe-
bas gaamaxvilebs Tematuri winadadebis (esaa SeTavazebuli teqstis pir-
veli winadadeba) nawilebze. esenia: a) Tema _ havaiuri qorwilis uni-
kaluri iersaxe; b) SemomsazRvreli idea _ havais kunZulze arsebul
kulturaTa urTierTSerwyma. aqcentirebam havaiuri saqorwilo ri
tualis unikalur iersaxeze ki, savaraudod, mkiTxvelSi interesi unda
aRZras (mainc riTia unikaluri?) 2
II etapi _ muSaobis momdevno etapi fokusirebulia imaze, rom mos-
wavleebma amoicnon da gaiazron kavSiri winadadebasa da teqstis da
narCen nawilebs Soris: faqtobrivad, teqstis danarCeni nawili (garda
bolo daskvniTi winadadebisa) emsaxureba imas, rom gagvacnos havai-
uri saqorwino ritualis detalebi maTi multikulturuli xasiaTis
CvenebiT. yvela es detali mowodebulia im mizniT, rom dadasturdes
pirvel winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azri kulturaTa urTierTzegavlenis
Sesaxeb.
moswavleebis/mewyvileebis amocanaa, daakvirdnen, rogor dasturde-
ba pirvel winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azri teqstis danarCen nawilSi. am
mizniT maT unda moiZion da daajgufon teqstSi mowodebuli detalu-
ri informacia _ saqorwino ritulis detalebi. aRniSnuli detalebi,
kerZod, jgufdeba imisda mixedviT, Tu kulturis romel tips ganekuT-
vneba isini. Sesrulebuli davaleba amgvar saxes miiRebs:
nimuSi. havaiuri qorwili (Sesrulebuli davaleba)
havaiuri: tansacmeli, musika, aqsesuarebi, ceremoniis dawyebis rituali.
Cinuri: feierverki
filipinuri: pandango
iaponuri: origami
Sesrulebuli samuSaos wardgenis Semdeg maswavlebeli, Seajamebs
Sesrulebul samuSaos da kidev erTxel gaamaxvilebs moswavleTa yu
radRebas pirvel winadadebasa da teqstis danarCen nawils Soris ar-
sebul kavSirze (teqstis danarCeni nawilis funqciaaa, daadasturos
Tematur winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azri).
III etapi _ maswavlebeli moswavleebs SesTavazebs, Seadginon 2 Tem-
aturi winadadeba mowodebuli masalebis (Tema, avtoris pozicia/Tval-
sazrisi) safuZvelze. muSaoba mimdinareobs wyvilebSi.
nimuSi.
davaleba 1.
a) Tema: quCis bavSvebis problema; b) avtoris Tvalsazrisi/pozicia
_ esaa Tanamedrove cxovrebis problema; quCaSi cxovrebas bavSvebi,
ZiriTadad, sami mizezis gamo iwyeben.
Tematuri winadadeba: quCis bavSvebi Tanamedroveobis mwvave prob-
lemaa, romelsac sami ZiriTadi mizezi ganapirobebs.
251
(sityva `mwvave~, romelic gamoyenebulia Tematur winadadebaSi,
gamokveTs problemis aqtualobas da, savaraudod, miiqcevs mkiTxvelis
yuradRebas).
davaleba 2.
a) Tema: Tanamedrove zooparkebi da maTi mniSvneloba (fokusi: aris
Tu ara mniSvnelovani zooparkebis arseboba dRes); b) avtoris Tvalsaz-
risi/pozicia: zooparkebis arseboba mniSvnelovania _ mxolod aq SeiZ
leba sxvadasxva gareuli cxovelis naxva realobaSi. es gamocdileba ki
aviTarebs adamians, aswavlis mas bevr axals.
Tematuri winadadeba: zooparkis monaxuleba Tanamedrove adami-
ans aZlevs unikalur gamocdilebas, romelic mniSvnelovania codnis
SeZenisa da pirovnebis ganviTarebisaTvis.
(sityva ùnikaluri~, romelic gamoyenebulia Tematur winadadebaSi,
gamokveTs sakiTxis mniSvnelobas da, savaraudod, gamoiwvevs mkiTxve-
lis dainteresebas).
• saTqmelis Camoyalibeba da werilobiT gadmocema;
• weriTi namuSevris calkeul komponentebs Soris kavSiris gaazreba.
meToduri miTiTebebi: Tematuri winadadebebis erT-erT amocanis _

mkiTxvelis dainteresebis sailustraciod maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoi-
yenos konkretuli nimuSebi cnobili mwerlebis/moazrovneebis eseisti-
kidan: SearCios Tematuri winadadebebi, romlebic mkiTxvelebSi inte
ress aRZravs (mag., geronti qiqoZe, `Tamar mefis da SoTa rusTavelis
portretisaTvis~ _ roca adamiani SoTa rusTavelis da `vefxistyaosnis~
problemebze fiqrobs, SeuZlebelia is erTma garemoebam ar gaaocos~;
misive, àleqsandre yazbegi~ _ cxovrebis gzis sul mcireoden nawil-
ze yazbegma grandiozuli piradi katastrofa ganicada~; misive, `daviT
kldiaSvili~ _ roca adamiani daviT kldiaSvilis memuarebs kiTxulobs,
rwmundeba, rom avtors metad mZime da Taviseburi cxovreba Sexvedria~,
sxv.). nimuSebis gacnobisas maswavlebeli moswavleebis yuradRebas amax-
vilebs avtoris mier gamoyenebul konkretul saSualebebze/xerxebze,
romlebic mniSvnelovania mkiTxvelis dainteresebis TvalsazrisiT.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. XI. 8; qarT. XI. 12, 13,14.
aqtivoba # 3. vswavlobT informaciis organizebas _ amotrialebuli

piramida
aqtivobis Sesaxeb: sainformacio naweris organizebis erT-erTi xe-
rxi _ àmotrialebuli piramida~ farTod gamoiyeneba sagazeTo Jur-
252
nalistikaSi axali ambebis mowodebis dros. rogorc misi saxelwodeba
miuTiTebs, weris es yalibi `Tavdayira~ ayenebs naweris organizebis
tradiciul wess (Tezisis wamoyeneba, argumentis ganviTareba damxmare
detalebis moSvelebiT, daskvnis gakeTeba).
àmotrialebuli piramidis~ gamoyenebis dros naweri organizebu-
lia masalis mniSvnelobis mixedviT _ igi iwyeba yvelaze mniSvnelovani
informaciiT, grZeldeba naklebad mniSvnelovaniT da sruldeba Ziri 2
Tadi sabaziso informaciiT. aRniSnuli teqnika me-20 saukunis dasaw
yisSi iqca standartad amerikul sagazeTo JurnalistikaSi. es teqni-
ka Zalze gamosadegia sagazeTo JurnalistikisaTvis, radgan mkiTxvels
SeuZlia Sewyvitos kiTxva nebismier adgilze, ise, rom ukve hqondes
miRebuli yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia. amasTan, gazeTSi adgili
Zalze Zvirad fasobs _ SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom statia Sesamoklebe-
lia, radgan dasabeWdia ufro mniSvnelovani informacia da/an reklama.
àmotrialebuli piramidis~ teqnikiT naweri statia gazeTis redaqtors
SeuZlia Seamoklos nebismier adgilze _ moaWras bolo nawili/nawile-
bi ise, rom statia mniSvnelovnad ar dazaraldes: SeinarCunos yvelaze
mniSvnelovani informacia. amdenad, am yalibis gamoyenebis dros naweri
iwyeba yvelaze mniSvnelovani informaciis mowodebiT (vin? ra? sad?
rodis? rogor/ratom?); amas mosdevs damatebiTi detalebi calkeuli
abzacebis saxiT (I damatebiTi informacia, II damatebiTi informacia,
III damatebiTi informacia da a.S.). mag. ,`guSin, 10 ivniss, ori bavSvi
dazaralda samrevlo skolaSi gaCenili xanZris Sedegad q. detroitSi
(miCiganis Stati). rogorc varaudoben, xanZari gaCnda mokle CarTvis
Sedegad~. axali ambebis mokle formatisaTvis es savsebiT sakmarisia.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki warmodgenili informacia SeiZleba ganiv
rcos: mag., daematos TviTmxilvelTa naambobi, interviu dazarale-
bulebTan an maT mSoblebTan, mexanZreebTan, skolis maswavleblebTan,
administraciis wevrebTan, statistikuri monacemebi msgavsi SemTxveve-
bis Sesaxeb da misT.
àmotrialebuli piramida~ da misi variaciebi farTod gamoiyeneba
axali ambebis mowodebisas, pres-relizebis, mokle kvleviTi moxsenebi-
Ti teqstebisa da sxva eqspozitoruli saxis nawerebis Sedgenis dros.
aqtivoba gaacnobs moswavleebs sainformacio teqstis organizebis
erT-erT xerxs. igi xels uwyobs moswavleTa kritikuli azrovnebisa
da informaciis daxarisxebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas;
zogadad, weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebas.
aqtivobis miznebi:
 SeTavazebuli modelis mixedviT sainformacio teqstis organi-
zebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
 kritikuli azovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
 weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba.
253
resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveulebi, furcebi savarjiSo te-
qstiT (saWiro raodenobiT)
aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs sainfor-
macio naweris organizaciuli yalibis _ àmotrialebuli piramidis~
warmoSobis istoriaze, gaacnobs misi gamoyenebis konkretul nimuSebs.
TvalsaCinoebisaTvis maswavlebeli dafaze gamosaxavs àmotriale-
buli piramidis~ sqematur suraTsa da gegmas (ix. qvemoT); auxsnis maT,
rom àmotrialebuli piramidis~ zeda, yvelaze ganier nawilSi warmod-
genili unda iyos yvelaze mniSvnelovani, arsebiTi, saintereso infor-
macia. amas mosdevs naklebad mniSvnelovani informacia (piramidis Sua
nawili), bolos ki _ sxva ZiriTadi informacia (piramidis qveda wvero).
sqema. amotrialebuli piramida.
yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia

(vin? sad? ra? rodis? rogor?)
mniSvnelovani detalebi
sxva
ZiriTadi
informacia
amdenad, àmotrialebuli piramidis~ organizaciuli yalibis gamo

yenebis SemTxvevaSi, naweri unda aigos Semdegi gegmis mixedviT:
I _ yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia (vin? sad? ra? rodis? ratom/
rogor?);
II _ damatebiTi informacia:
III _ damatebiTi informacia:
IV _ damatebiTi informacia:
V _ damatebiTi informacia:
da a.S.
nimuSis saCveneblad maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, er-
Toblivad daweron sainformacio teqsti sqemisa da gegmis safuZvelze.
254
teqstis Tema: bonusiis2 politikuri cxovrebis siaxleni.
dasawyisi: `xangrZlivi aryofnis Semdeg emigraciidan samSobloSi
dabrunda bonusiis opoziciis lideri~, romelsac mosdevs damatebiTi
informacia (mag., II _ bonusiis dedaqalaqis aeroportSi liders Seegeba
aTasobiT mxardamWeri: opoziciuri partiis wevrebi da sxva moqalaqee-
bi, romlebmac igi sazeimod miaciles saxlamde. III_ lideris dabrune-
ba seriozul safrTxes uqmnis mmarTvel partiasa da prezidents, ro- 2
melTa reitingi Zalze Seirya bolo wlebSi gatarebuli warumatebeli
ekonomikuri reformebis Sedegad. III _ ZiriTadi sabaziso informacia:
gaeros monacemebiT, bonusiaSi bolo aTi wlis manZilze mkveTrad mo-
imata umuSevarTa raodenobam, warmoeba Semcirda 30 %-iT, sxv.
II etapi _ amis Semdeg maswavlebeli klass dayofs wyvilebad, daurigebs
maT winaswar momzadebul furclebs, romlebzedac warmodgenilia 4-ab-
zaciani sainformacio teqsti (teqsti mowodebulia cxrilis saxiT).
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaecnon teqsts da mewyvileTan
SeTanxmebiT, cxrilis marcxena svetSi miuTiTon abzacebis rigiToba
àmotrialebuli piramidis~ sqemaze dayrdnobiT (romeli abzaci unda
iyos pirveli, romeli _ meore da a.S.).
nimuSi. 4-abzaciani sainformacio teqsti.
kulturis siaxleni
abzacis teqsti
#
konkurs `saqarTvelos xmebis~ wyalobiT sazogadoebam ukve gaicno
araerTi axalgazrda niWieri Semsrulebeli. maTi nawili dRes
warmatebiT moRvaweobs saerTaSoriso asparezze. 2007-2008 wlebis
gamarjvebulebi: Tamar beriZe da Sorena TavaZe venis saopero Teatris
solistebi arian; 2022-2012 wlebis priziorebi: giorgi nadiraZe, vaJa
adamia da nestan kargareTeli ki warmatebiT agrZeleben swavlas
dasavleTis prestiJul umaRles musikalur saswavleblebSi, sadac
saopero momRerlis rTul profesias euflebian.
2013 wlis konkursSi gamarjvebul moswavles gadaeca konkursis
mTavari prizi _ qarTvel iuvelirTa mier damzadebuli Tasi
da fuladi jildo 3000 laris odenobiT. amas garda, TaTia
xatiaSvili saqarTvelos saxeliT miiRebs monawileobas
axalgazrda vokalistTa saerTaSoriso konkursSi, romelic
momaval wels gaimarTeba italiaSi, q. sorentoSi.
konkursis danarCeni priziorebi dajildovdnen diplomebiTa da
fuladi jildoebiT. meore adgilze gasul zurab ninuas gadaeca
2000 lari, mesame adgilze gasul nana vardosaniZes ki _ 1000
lari.
2
aq moyvanili gvaqvs informacia ararsebuli qveynis _ bonusiis Sesaxeb.
255
Tbilisis 250-e sajaro skolis me-12 klasis moswavlem, TaTia
xatiaSvilma, gaimarjva axalgazrda qarTvel vokalistTa
konkursSi `saqarTvelos xmebi~, romlis finali Catarda q. baTumis
sastumro `SeratonSi” 2013 wlis 12 seqtembers. Tbiliselma
moswavlem konkursis mTavari prizi moipova qarTuli xalxuri
simReris `Celas~ originaluri Sesrulebis wyalobiT. konkursis
istoriaSi, romelic 7 wels iTvlis, wlevandeli gamarjvebuli
yvelaze axalgazrdaa konkursis priziorTa Soris.
samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg cxrili amgvar saxes miiRebs (ix. qve-

moT).
abzacis # teqsti
4 konkurs `saqarTvelos xmebis~ wyalobiT sazogadoebam
ukve gaicno araerTi axalgazrda niWieri Semsrulebeli.
maTi nawili dRes warmatebiT moRvaweobs saerTaSoriso
asparezze. 2007-2008 wlebis gamarjvebulebi: Tamar
beriZe da Sorena TavaZe venis saopero Teatris
solistebi arian; 2022-2012 wlebis priziorebi: giorgi
nadiraZe, vaJa adamia da nestan kargareTeli ki
warmatebiT agrZeleben swavlas dasavleTis prestiJul
umaRles musikalur saswavleblebSi, sadac saopero
momRerlis rTul profesias euflebian.
2 2013 wlis konkursSi gamarjvebul moswavles gadaeca
konkursis mTavari prizi _ qarTvel iuvelirTa mier
damzadebuli Tasi da fuladi jildo 3000 laris
odenobiT. amas garda, TaTia xatiaSvili saqarTvelos
saxeliT miiRebs monawileobas axalgazrda vokalistTa
saerTaSoriso konkursSi, romelic momaval wels
gaimarTeba italiaSi, q. sorentoSi.
3 konkursis danarCeni priziorebi dajildovdnen
diplomebiTa da fuladi jildoebiT. meore adgilze
gasul zurab ninuas gadaeca 2000 lari, mesame adgilze
gasul nana vardosaniZes ki _ 1000 lari.
256
1 Tbilisis 250-e sajaro skolis me-12 klasis moswavlem,
TaTia xatiaSvilma, gaimarjva axalgazrda qarTvel
vokalistTa konkursSi `saqarTvelos xmebi~, romlis
finali Catarda q. baTumis sastumro `SeratonSi~ 2013
wlis 12 seqtembers. Tbiliselma moswavlem konkursis
mTavari prizi moipova qarTuli xalxuri simReris
`Celas~ originaluri Sesrulebis wyalobiT. konkursis 2
istoriaSi, romelic 7 wels iTvlis, wlevandeli
gamarjvebuli yvelaze axalgazrdaa konkursis
priziorTa Soris.
III etapi _ samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen Tav-

ianT namuSevrebs, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ganmartaven da daasabuTeben
TavianT arCevans.
saSinao davalebis saxiT maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs daweron
sainformacio teqsti àmotrialebuli piramidis~ sqemis gamoyenebiT
maTTvis saintereso nebismier sakiTxze (sportis, kinos, pop-musikis,
siaxleni, sxv.).
• sainformacio teqstis Seqmna SeTavazebuli yalibis mixedviT;
• TanamSromloba.
• sasurvelia, samuSaos dawyebamde maswavlebelma winaswar SearCios
da moswavleebs gaacnos teqsti, romelic maT ”amotrialebuli
piramidis” yalibis gamoyenebis samodelo nimuSad gamoadgebaT.
• aqtivobis pirveli etapi warimarTeba dafasTan, `xmamaRla fiqris~
strategiis gamoyenebiT.
kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa kritikuli
azrovnebisa da sainformacio teqstis Seqmnis unar-Cvevebis ganviTare-
bas, rac Tanabrad gamosadegia nebismieri sxva sagnis Seswavlis dros.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. X. 6; qarT. X. 11, 16; qarT.
XI. 12, 13, 14.
257
aqtivoba # 4. vswavlobT sinTezirebas
aqtivobis Sesaxeb:
aqtivoba exmareba moswavleebs, gaacnobieron da aiTvison sinTe-
zirebis meTodi _ wakiTxulis gageba-gaazrebis erT-erTi umniSvnelo-
vanesi strategia, romelic iZleva ideebis kombinirebisa da teqstis
axleburad gaazrebis SesaZleblobas. sinTezirebis dros moswavleebs
moeTxovebaT axali codnis sakuTari sityvebiT gadmocema da misi da-
kavSireba adreul codnasTan (arsebul kognitur/azrobriv sqemebTan).
sinTezirebis procesSi teqstze refleqsiis Sedegebis, teqstis calkeu-
li elementebisa da adreuli codnis azrobrivi sqemebis gamTlianebis
gziT Cndeba teqstis gagebis/interpretaciis axali SesaZleblobebi,
iqmneba axali produqti.3
aqtivoba xels uwyobs kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas. sinTe-
zirebasTan erTad, igi gaavarjiSebs moswavleebs kiTxvis kidev erTi mniS-
vnelovani strategiis, Sejamebis gamoyenebaSi. wakiTxulis gageba-gaaz-
rebis am ori mniSvnelovani strategiebiis (sinTezireba, Sejameba) dauf
leba mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis,
agreTve akademiuri weriTi metyvelebis unarebis ganviTarebas.
aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs sagnobrivi standartis
samive mimarTulebas. aqtivoba warmodgenilia or variantad. a va
riantSi moswavleebs moeTxovebaT ori wyaros gamoyeneba, b variantSi
_ 3 wyaros gamoyeneba (aRniSnuli 3 wyaro SeirCeva SeTavazebuli 6 wya
rodan).
aqtivobis miznebi:
• kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• akademiuri weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
• zepirmetyvelebis (sakuTari Tvalsazrisis gadmocemisa da
dasabuTebis, kritikuli mosmenis) unar-Cvevebis ganviTreba.
resursebi: winaswar SerCeuli, qaRaldebze amobeWdili teqstebi/
vizualuri masala da cxrili (saWiro raodenobiT), dafa, carci/mar
keri, feradi markerebi.
aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri (I etapi), mTeli kla-
sis monawileobiT (II etapi)
aqtivobis aRwera:
dafaze gamosaxulia wyaroebis sinTezirebis grafikuli maorgani-
zebeli _ samsvetiani martivi cxrili (an gakrulia didi formatis qa-
3
am kuTxiT sinTezireba mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba Sejamebisagan, romelic,
ubralod, xelaxla imeorebs teqstis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs. amdenad, sinTezireba,
SejamebasTan SedarebiT, ufro maRali saazrovno donis amocanaa, romelic axali
produqtis Seqmnas gulisxmobs.
258
Raldi amave cxrilis gamosaxulebiT). maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswav-
leebs, daweron sinTezuri ese `qali da mamakaci: problema, danaxuli
qalis TvaliT~ ori SerCeuli wyaros mixedviT. esenia fragmentebi 2
mwerali qalis _ qarTveli barbare jorjaZisa (I wyaro) da in-
gliseli feministi mwerlis, meri uolstonkraftis (II wyaro) nawar-
moebebidan. gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: moswavleebs moeTxovebaT
msjeloba mxolod im sakiTxebze/problematikaze, romlebic ukavSir- 2
deba weriTi davalebis Temas. asevea wyaroebis SemTxvevaSi _ saWiro
ar aris namuSevarSi aisaxos damatebiTi informacia, romelic moswav-
leebs SeiZleba gaaCndeT am wyaroebTan/avtorebTan dakavSirebiT, Tuki
am informacias ar Seusabameben weriTi davalebis Temas (mag., barbare
jorjaZe aris cnobili qarTveli poetis, rafiel erisTavis da. rafiel
erisTavi avtoria leqsisa `samSoblo xevsurisa~, romelic qarTveli
bavSvebis erT-erTi usayvarlesi nawarmoebia da misT).
maswavlebeli mokled gaesaubreba moswavleebs sinTezirebis ar-
sze da Sesasrulebel konkretul samuSaoebze. sasurvelia, rom axsna
-ganmarteba iyos martivi, advilad gasagebi, instruqcia _ naTeli; Ses-
asrulebeli samuSao ki daiyos konkretul nabijebad, mag.:
• gaiazreT Temis saTauri (momavali eses Tema) da gaecaniT masalebs:
wyaroebs da cxrils;
• wyaroebis gacnobisas yuradRebiT waikiTxeT mokle sainformacio
teqstebi, romlebic win uZRvis wyaroebis teqstebs. maTSi mocemu-
li informacia dagexmarebaT masalis gaazrebaSi;
• Temis saTauris gaTvaliswinebiT, SearCieT wyaroebidan calkeuli
nawilebi, romlebic, Tqveni azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania moce-
muli davalebis Sesasruleblad;
• moniSneT teqstebSi SerCeuli nawilebi feradi markeriT;
• gadaiwereT moniSnuli adgilebi cxrilis marcxena svetSi;
• gaiazreT moniSnuli adgilebi da CawereT maTi Sejameba cxrilis
marjvena svetSi;
• dawereT ese Sejamebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT. saWiroebis SemTx-
vevaSi, markeriT moniSnuli adgilebi SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT kon
kretuli magaliTebis da/an citatebis mosayvanad.
TiToeulma moswavlem unda gaacnobieros, rom:
• weris dros man unda gadmosces Tavisi Tvalsazrisi, wyaroebi ki
unda gamoiyenos damxmare masalad _ Tavisi Tvalsazrisis da-
sasabuTeblad, konkretuli magaliTebis, faqtebis, monacemebis
mosayvanad. igive midgoma unda gamoiyenos moswavlem maSinac,
roca misi Tvalsazrisi ewinaaRmdegeba wyaroebSi gamoTqmuls _ am
SemTxvevaSi moswavle gadmoscems sakuTar Tvalsazriss, mohyavs
wyaroebis masala (magaliTebi, faqtebi, monacemebi) da argumen-
tirebulad akritikebs mas.
259
• arCevanis gakeTeba, teqstidan calkeuli nawilebis SerCeva mTli-
anad moswavlezea damokidebuli. man, kerZod, unda gadawyvitos,
Tavisi poziciis dasasabuTeblad teqstebis romeli nawilebia
yvelaze arsebiTi, mniSvnelovani, saintereso, efeqturi da misT.
aseve misive gadasawyvetia, ra mimdevrobiT eseSi iqneba warmodge-
nili SerCeuli nawilebi.
nimuSis misacemad maswavlebeli erTi romelime wyaros dasawyiss
(mag., pirvel abzacs xmamaRla) da Seavsebs dafaze gamosaxuli cxrilis
pirveli mwkrivis orive svets. amis Semdeg moswavleebi Seudgebian in-
dividualur samuSaos.
weriT namuSevarSi wyaroebis moxsenieba SesaZlebelia ori gziT: a)
avtorebis/nawarmoebebis miTiTebiT (mag., `barbare jorjaZis azriT...~,
misT.); b) wyaroebis rigiTi mimdevrobis dacviT (mag., Ì wyaros Tanax-
mad...~, ` saeWvoa II wyaroSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba, radgan ...~, misT.).
II etapi _ samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi warmoadgenen
namuSevrebs; asabuTeben TavianT arCevans _ msjeloben, ratom SearCies
esa Tu is nawili teqstidan, maTi azriT, riTia mniSvnelovani SerCeuli
nawilebi.
nimuSi. SerCeuli ori wyaro
I wyaro
qarTveli mwerali barbare jorjaZe (1833 _ 1895 ww.),
oriode sityva ymawvili kacebis sayuradRebod
pirvelidanve dawyebuli yoveli kaci dedakacebis gakilvaSi yofi-
la da aris; yoveli braleuloba qals miaweres da didad cdilobdnen,
es Tavisi amxanagi yvelanairad daecaT da daemdablebinaT. siyrmidanve
amas CasZaxoden `Sen, radgan Semoqmeds qalad daubadebixar, Seni wesi es
unda iyos: xmagakmendili Cumad iyo, aravis Sexedo, arsad waxvide, yurebi
daixSe, Tvalebi daxuWe da ijeq, buzma rom Tvalebi amogCiCqnos, xeli ar
gaanZrio; swavla da sxva enebiT ganaTleba ra Seni saqmeao~. TviTon mamak-
acma ki Seisxa ampartavnobis da zvaobis frTebi, daiWira vrceli asparezi
da sTqva: `me radgan kaci var, gavswev, gavquslav cis kidemdis, Cemi damab
rkolebeli ara aris-ra, vimWevrmetyveleb, viswavli, yovelgvari Tavi
sufleba da qveynis mflobeloba xelT mipyriao~.
gaifarTova gza da dedakaci viTom valdebulebaSi Caagdo, Tu me ara,
lukmas ver SesWamo, raTa ufro daemonebina. marTalia, dedakacisaTvis
TviT bunebas ar miucia vrceli asparezi, magram es maSin, rodesac Seiqmne-
ba dedad da kisrad daawveba ojaxis movaleoba; magram gaTxovebamdis ki
unda hqonoda qalsac Tanaswori aRzrda da mimarTuleba, rom SesZlebo-
da Tavis Tavis cxovreba da qmris uRelis gaweva. mama-kacma ojaxSiac ki
arad Caagdo deda-kacis Sroma, upiratesoba TviT daipyro da yurebi ga-
mouWeda: `Tqven Wkua ara gaqvT, ara gaqvT guli da grZnoba, arcara gesmiT,
260
gamoyruebuli da gamofSuturebuli xarT, Tqven Tvalebs Tvalis Cino-
ba ar SeuZlian, xarT daundobelni, moRalateni da vin mosTvlis, ra ar
uwodebia kacs am kacis saTayvanebeli arsebisaTvis, romelic aris deda,
da, coli, da asuli. TiTqos qali da kaci gangebas erTis ZaliT da erTis
bunebiT ar Seeqmnas! is mxolod, rodesac qals etrfialeboda, maSin am-
kobda mosaTinTlavis sityvebiT: `mze xaro, mTvare, vardi da zambaxio~...
dRes ki sxva qveynebidan CvenSiac Semovida axali dro ganaTlebisa da 2
ayvavebisa; axla mainc Cvenma kacebmac daanebon Tavi zvaobas da meSurneo-
bas, miscen TavianT debsac Tanaswori swavla da mimarTuleba, rom SeeZ
loT kidec kvalSi Cadgoma da angariSis moTxovna Tanamedrove qalebisa,
Torem Zvel deda-kacebs samaris meti veRara gagvasworebs – ra da axali
Taobis qalebic Rvawlsa da Sromas ar Seudrkebian, Tu ki saqmes uSvelian
rasme.
II wyaro
ingliseli mwerali meri uolstonkrafti (1759-1797 ww.),
qalis uflebebis dacva
mamakacuri tiraniis axsnisa da patiebis mizniT mravali maxvilgo-
nivruli argumenti iyo wamoyenebuli; argumentebi imis dasamtkiceb-
lad, rom Rirsebebis SeZenis dros ori sqesi sxvadasxva saxis Rirse-
bebis mopovebisaken unda miiswrafodes. ufro cxadad Tu vilaparakebT,
qalebs ar aZleven gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis uflebas.
gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi ki aris is, rasac namdvilad SeiZleba vu-
wodoT Rirseba...
mamakacebi samarTlianad gamoTqvamen sayvedurs im windauxedaobi-
sa da kaprizebis gamo, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia Cveni sqesisaTvis,
magram isini ar dascinian Cvens jiut grZnobebsa da monur morCilebas.
ai, aq unda vTqva, rom esaa [qalebis] ucodinrobis bunebrivi Sedegi.
yovelTvis aramtkice iqneba goneba, romelic ganisvenebs mxolod winas-
war SemuSavebul azrebze...
qalebs bavSvobidan eubnebian Semdegs (amasve swavloben isini Ta-
vianTi dedebis magaliTiTac): isini mamakacis mfarvelobis mopovebas
SeZleben adamianuri sisustis mcireodeni codniT, xasiaTis sirbiliT,
garegnuli morCilebiTa da sagangebo yuradRebis miqceviT uSinaarso
wesierebaze. da kidev erTic: isini unda iyvnen mSvenierni. sxva yvela
danarCeni usargebloa, yovel SemTxvevaSi, maTi cxovrebis pirveli oci
wlis ganmavlobaSi...
rogor uxeS tkivils gvayenebs is, vinc gveubneba, rom Cveni erTa
derTi movaleobaa, viyoT nazebi.
261
nimuSi. Sevsebuli cxrili:
fragmentebi wyaroebidan Sejameba
I wyaro: Tqven Wkua ara gaqvT, ara mamakacis azriT, qals aqvs mxolod
gaqvT guli da grZnoba, arcara ge- uaryofiTi Tvisebebi:
smiT, gamoyruebuli da gamofSuture-
buli xarT, Tqven Tvalebs Tvalis Ci-
noba ar SeuZlian, xarT daundobelni,
moRalateni.
II wyaro: mamakacebi samarTlianad qalis negatiuri Tvisebebi ucodin-
gamoTqvamen sayvedurs im windauxed- robis, aramtkice gonebis Sedegia.
aobisa da kaprizebis gamo, romlebic
damaxasiaTebelia Cveni sqesisaT-
vis,magram isini ar dascinian Cvens
jiut grZnobebsa da monur morCile-
bas. ai, aq unda vTqva, rom esaa [qa-
lebis] ucodinrobis bunebrivi Se-
degi. yovelTvis aramtkice iqneba
goneba, romelic ganisvenebs mxolod
winaswar SemuSavebul azrebze...
I wyaro: yoveli kaci dedakacebis mamakacs mudam negatiuri damok-
gakilvaSi yofila da aris; yoveli idebuleba hqonda qalis mimarT.
braleuloba qals miaweres da didad
cdilobdnen, es Tavisi amxanagi yvela-
nairad daecaT da daemdablebinaT.
I wyaro: swavla da sxva enebiT ganaT- mamakacebis azriT, qals ar sWirdeba
leba ra Seni saqmeao ganaTleba da enebis Seswavla.
II wyaro: Cveni erTaderTi movaleo- mTavari moTxovna, romelsac mamaka-

baa, viyoT nazebi. ci uyenebs qals, aris sinaze.
I wyaro: Sen, radgan Semoqmeds qalad qalis qcevis modeli, SeTavazebuli

daubadebixar, Seni wesi es unda iyos: mamakacis mier: Cumad yofna, pasiuro-
xmagakmendili Cumad iyo, aravis Sexe- ba, realobisagan distancireba, saku-
do, arsad waxvide, yurebi daixSe, Tari neba-survilis argamoxatva.
Tvalebi daxuWe da ijeq, buzma rom
Tvalebi amogCiCqnos, xeli ar gaanZ-
rio
II wyaro: qalebs ar aZleven gone- qals uars eubnebian Rirsebaze,
brivi SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis radgan ar aZleven gonebrivi Sesa-
uflebas. gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi Zleblobebis ganviTarebis saSuale-
ki aris is, rasac namdvilad SeiZleba bas.
vuwodoT Rirseba
III etapi _ moswavleebi weren namuSevars, romelSic sinTezirebuli

iqneba zemoT moyvanili ori wyaros masala. cxrilis marcxena svetSi
moyvanili teqsti (amonaridi wyarodan) moswavleebs SeuZliaT gamoi-
yenon citirebisaTvis.
262
 kritikuli azrovneba;
 sinTezireba;
 Tavisi mosazrebis argumentireba;
 weriTi namuSevris Sedgena mocemuli pirobis mixedviT.
varianti (b) 2
aqtivoba # 5. vwerT sinTezur eses4
aqtivobis Sesaxeb:
sinTezuri ese, Tavisi arsiT, igivea, rac argumentirebuli ese _
avtori gadmoscems Tavis Tvalsazriss mocemul sakiTxze da asabuTebs
mas. gansxvaveba sinTezur esesa da argumentirebul eses Soris Tavs
iCens imaSi, rom avtors Tavisi Tvalsazrisis gadmocemis dros moeTx-
oveba miwodebuli wyaroebis gamoyeneba. wyaroebi winaswaraa SerCeu-
li da Seesabameba eses Tematikasa Tu problematikas. erT-erTi wya-
ro, rogorc wesi, aris vizualuri gamosaxuleba (suraTi, karikatura,
foto, ama Tu im saxis grafikuli gamosaxuleba, cxrili, sqema). avtors
SeuZlia, Tavisi poziciis Sesabamisad, gaiziaros an uaryos wyaroeb-
Si asaxuli Tvalsazrisi, Tumca, SesaZlebelia, rom igi ar iziarebdes
arcerT SeTavazebul variants. yvela SemTxvevaSi avtors moeTxoveba
Tavisi Tvalsazrisi dasabuTebulad warmodgena. weriT namuSevarSi wya
roebis moxsenieba SesaZlebelia ori gziT: a) avtorebis/nawarmoebebis
moTiTebiT (mag., `barbare jorjaZis azriT...~, `vaJa-fSavelas `kai ymis~
mixedviT...~, misT.); b) wyaroebis rigiTi mimdevrobis dacviT (mag., Ì wya
roSi naTqvamia...~, ÌV wyaroSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba saeWvoa, radgan
...~, misT.).
aqtivobaSi mocemulia sinTezuri eses erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcele-
buli modeli: moswavleebs gasacnobad vTavazobT 6 wyaros, romelT-
agan erT-erTi vizualuri gamosaxulebaa. maT evalebaT, gadmoscen
TavianTi Tvalsazrisi SerCeul Temaze da gamoiyenon, sul mcire,
sami wyaro. qvemoT warmodgenilia 6 fragmenti qarTveli da ucxoe-
li mwerlebis sxvadasxva Janris nawarmoebebidan. vizualur masalad
SeTavazebulia frangi mxatvris, Jak-lui davidis erT-erTi namuSe-
vari. gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: moswavleebs moeTxovebaT msjeloba
mxolod im sakiTxebze/problematikaze, romlebic ukavSirdeba weriTi
davalebis Temas. asevea wyaroebis SemTxvevaSi _ saWiro ar aris namuSe-
varSi aisaxos damatebiTi informacia, romelic moswavleebs SeiZleba
gaaCndeT am wyaroebTan/avtorebTan dakavSirebiT, Tuki am informacias
ar daakavSireben weriTi davalebis TemasTan (mag., barbare jorjaZe
aris cnobili qarTveli poetis, rafiel erisTavis da. rafiel erisTavi
avtoria leqsisa `samSoblo xevsurisa~, romelic qarTveli bavSvebis
4
damatebiT ix. winamavali aqtivoba `vswavlobT sinTezirebas~.
263
erT-erTi usayvarlesi nawarmoebia; an frangi mxatvari, Jak-lui davi-
di neoklasicisturi mimarTulebis warmomadgenelia. misi Semoqmede-
ba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli safrangeTis did burJuaziul revolu-
ciasTan, romelsac mxatvari aRfrTovanebiT Seegeba. Jak-lui davidi
didi pedagogiuri niWiT iyo dajildoebuli: cnobilia, rom mas hyavda
500-mde mowafe da misT).
qvemoT warmovadgenT sinTezuri eses weris process Tanamimdevru-
li nabijebis saxiT.
moswavleebi:
• waikiTxaven da gaacnobiereben weriTi davalebis pirobas, romel-
Sic mocemulia eses Tema;
• gaiazreben TavianT pozicias mocemuli sakiTxis mimarT;
• kiTxuloben wyaroebs; ecnobian mokle sainformacio teqstebs
(damatebiT informacias), romlebic win uZRvis TiToeul wyaros;
• TavianTi survilisa da ideis Sesabamisad, SearCeven sam wyaros,
romlebsac gamoiyeneben eses weris dros (15-20 wuTi);
• weren eses. weris dros iyeneben informacias 3 SerCeuli wyarodan;
• gadaaTvaliereben namuSevars, SeaqvT masSi saredaqtoro-koreq
turuli cvlilebebi naSromis gaumjobesebis mizniT.
sinTezuri ese
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi iTvleboda, rom qalebsa da mamakacebs
erTmaneTisagan radikalurad gansxvavebuli Tvisebebi aqvT.
tradiciul sazogadoebebSi qals moeTxoveboda, yofiliyo `qaluri~,
mamakacs ki _ `mamakacuri~. mainc ras niSnavda `mamakacur~ kacad an
`qalur~ qalad yofna tradiciuli TvalTaxedviT?
yuradRebiT gaecaniT qvemoT mocemul 6 wyaros da damatebiT

informacias, romelic Tan axlavs TiToeul maTgans. Semdeg dawereT
ese, romelSic ganmartavT, gaakritikebT an daicavT tradiciul
Tvalsazriss. Tqveni mosazrebis sailustraciod da dasasabuTeblad
gamoiyeneT, sul mcire, sami wyaro.
wyaroebi
I wyaro
vaJa-fSavela, is ki ar ari biWoba, wignSi: vaJa-fSavela, TxzulebaTa
sruli krebuli xuT tomad, t. I, Tbilisi, 1961, gv. 177.
qvemoT moyvanilia fragmenti qarTveli mwerlis, vaJa-fSavelas
((1861-1915 ww.) leqsidan.
is ki ar ari biWoba,
264
ro gamagrebden, hmagrobde;
biWs maSin dagiZaxebdi,
TavisTavada hvargobde.
arc is mgonia biWoba,
visac erevi, arCobde;
biWs maSin dagiZaxebdi, 2
rom sxvis damrCvalsa swamlobde.
miTxar, vis uTqvam biWobad,
damCagvrelebsa swyalobde?
aba, biWoba is ari,
daCagrulTaTvis swvalobde.
II wyaro
Jak-lui davidi, horaciusTa fici.
frangi mxatvris, Jak-lui davidis (1748-1825 ww.) es suraTi warmogvid-
gens scenas Zveli romis cxovrebidan. suraTze gamosaxuli arian erTi
ojaxis wevrebi _ horaciusebis sagvareulos warmomadgenlebi.
265
III wyaro
barbare jorjaZe, oriode sityva ymawvili kacebis sayuradRebod,
http://lib.ge/book.php?author=692&book=9789
qvemoT moyvanilia fragmenti qarTveli mwerali qalis, barbare
jorjaZis (1833 _ 1895 ww.) nawarmoebidan, romelic Seexeba qarTveli
qalebis mdgomareobas.
pirvelidanve dawyebuli yoveli kaci dedakacebis gakilvaSi yofi-
la da aris; yoveli braleuloba qals miaweres da didad cdilobdnen,
es Tavisi amxanagi yvelanairad daecaT da daemdablebinaT. siyrmidanve
amas CasZaxoden `Sen, radgan Semoqmeds qalad daubadebixar, Seni wesi es
gaanZrio; swavla da sxva enebiT ganaTleba ra Seni saqmeao”. TviTon mama
kacma ki Seisxa ampartavnobis da zvaobis frTebi, daiWira vrceli aspa
rezi da sTqva: `me radgan kaci var, gavswev, gavquslav cis kidemdis, Cemi
damabrkolebeli ara aris-ra, vimWevrmetyveleb, viswavli, yovelgvari
Tavisufleba da qveynis mflobeloba xelT mipyriao~.
gaifarTova gza da dedakaci viTom valdebulebaSi Caagdo, Tu me ara,
lukmas ver SesWamo, raTa ufro daemonebina. marTalia, dedakacisaTvis
TviT bunebas ar miucia vrceli asparezi, magram es maSin, rodesac Seiqmne-
ba dedad da kisrad daawveba ojaxis movaleoba; magram gaTxovebamdis ki
unda hqonoda qalsac Tanaswori aRzrda da mimarTuleba, rom SesZlebo-
da Tavis Tavis cxovreba da qmris uRelis gaweva. mama-kacma ojaxSiac ki
arad Caagdo deda-kacis Sroma, upiratesoba TviT daipyro da yurebi ga-
mouWeda: `Tqven Wkua ara gaqvT, ara gaqvT guli da grZnoba, arcara gesmiT,
gamoyruebuli da gamofSuturebuli xarT, Tqven Tvalebs Tvalis Cino-
ba ar SeuZlian, xarT daundobelni, moRalateni da vin mosTvlis, ra ar
uwodebia kacs am kacis saTayvanebeli arsebisaTvis, romelic aris deda,
da, coli, da asuli. TiTqos qali da kaci gangebas erTis ZaliT da erTis
bunebiT ar Seeqmnas! is mxolod, rodesac qals etrfialeboda, maSin am-
kobda mosaTinTlavis sityvebiT: `mze xaro, mTvare, vardi da zambaxio~.
IV wyaro
meri uolstonkrafti, qalis uflebebis dacva.
http://www.bartleby.com/144/2.html
qvemoT mocemulia fragmenti ingliseli feministi mwerlis, meri
uolstonkraftis (1759 –1797 ww.) Txzulebidan:
mamakacuri tiraniis axsnisa da patiebis mizniT mravali maxvilgo-
nivruli argumenti iyo wamoyenebuli; argumentebi imis dasamtkiceb-
lad, rom Rirsebebis SeZenis dros ori sqesi sxvadasxva saxis Rirse-
bebis mopovebisaken unda miiswrafodes. ufro cxadad Tu vilaparakebT,
qalebs ar aZleven gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis uflebas.
266
gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi ki aris is, rasac namdvilad SeiZleba vu-
wodoT Rirseba...
mamakacebi samarTlianad gamoTqvamen sayvedurs im windauxedaobi-
sa da kaprizebis gamo, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia Cveni sqesisaTvis,
magram isini ar dascinian Cvens jiut grZnobebsa da monur morCilebas.
ai, aq unda vTqva, rom esaa [qalebis] ucodinrobis bunebrivi Sedegi.
yovelTvis aramtkice iqneba goneba, romelic ganisvenebs mxolod winas- 2
war SemuSavebul azrebze...
qalebs bavSvobidan eubnebian Semdegs (amasve swavloben isini Ta-
vianTi dedebis magaliTiTac): isini mamakacis mfarvelobis mopovebas
SeZleben adamianuri sisustis mcireodeni codniT, xasiaTis sirbiliT,
garegnuli morCilebiTa da sagangebo yuradRebis miqceviT uSinaarso
wesierebaze. da kidev erTic: isini unda iyvnen mSvenierni. sxva yvela
danarCeni usargebloa, yovel SemTxvevaSi, maTi cxovrebis pirveli oci
wlis ganmavlobaSi...
rogor uxeS tkivils gvayenebs is, vinc gveubneba, rom Cveni erTad-
erTi movaleobaa, viyoT nazebi.
V wyaro
simona de bovuari, sxva sqesi
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/de-beauvoir/2nd-sex/ch01.htm
qvemoT mocemulia fragmenti Txzulebidan, romlis avtoria simona
de bovuari (1908 – 1986 ww.) _ frangi mwerali qali, filosofosi da
feministuri moZraobis ideologi:
TavisTavad mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom vkiTxulob: `ra aris
qali?” kacs xom arasdros mouvidoda azrad, daewera wigni mamakacis
gansakuTrebul adgilze adamianTa modgmaSi. Tuki me movisurveb saku-
Tari Tavis gansazRvras, pirvel rigSi, unda vTqva: `me var qali”. esaa
WeSmariteba, romelic warmoadgens safuZvels nebismieri sxva mtkice-
bisaTvis. mamakaci arasodes daiwyebs sakuTari Tavis gansazRvras imis
TqmiT, rom igi garkveuli sqesis matarebeli arsebaa _ TavisTavad cxa-
dia, rom igi mamakacia. rubrikebi: `mamrobiTi” da `mdedrobiTi” Tana-
baria mxolod meriis saregistracio Jurnalebsa da piradobis mow-
mobebSi.
ori sqesis damokidebuleba gansxvavdeba im damokidebulebisagan,
romelic aris or eleqtronul muxts an or poluss Soris. mamakaci
erTdroulad aris rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi sawyisi. metic,
franguli sityva les hommes aRniSnavs erTdroulad rogorc `mama
kacebs”, ise àdamianebs”...
yovelTvis vRiziandebodi, roca ganyenebul sakiTxebze diskusiis
dros romelime mamakaci metyoda xolme: `Tqven ase fiqrobT imitom,
rom qali xarT~; Tumca vicodi, rom erTaderTi, rac SeiZleboda meT
267
qva Tavis dasacavad, iyo: `me ase vfiqrob imitom, rom es simarTlea~.
mxolod amgvarad SemeZlo, Tavidan ameridebina braldeba subieqturo-
baSi. laparakic ki ar iyo imaze, rom meTqva: `Tqven ki gansxvavebulad
fiqrobT imitom, rom mamakaci xarT~, radgan imgvaradaa dawesebuli,
rom mamakacad yofna ar gulisxmobs aranair gansakuTrebulobas.
mamakaci yovelTvis marTalia imis gamo, rom is mamakacia; qali ara-
sodes ar aris marTali... Zveli drois mcxovreblebisaTvis arsebobda
absoluturi vertikali, romlis mixedviTac ganisazRvreboda daxri-
loba. amis msgavsad arsebobs adamianis absoluturi tipi _ mamakacis
tipi... mamakacisaTvis SegrZnebiT, mis sxeuls pirdapiri da normaluri
kavSiri aqvs samyarosTan; qalis sxeuli ki, misi warmodgeniT, specifi-
kuri TvisebebiTaa damimebuli da aris erTgvari dabrkoleba, cixe.
...kacobrioba Seqmnilia mamrobiTi sqesis mier. es saSualebas aZlevs
mamakacs, gansazRvros qali mxolod mamakacTan mimarTebaSi ... qali
warmoadgens mxolod imas, rasac mamakaci dauwesebs mas... mamakacisaT-
vis qali, upirveles yovlisa, garkveuli sqesis matarebelia... mamakaci
aris subieqti, mamakaci aris absoluti, qali _ sxva.
VI wyaro
vaJa-fSavela, kai yma wignSi: vaJa-fSavela, TxulebaTa sruli krebu-
li xuT tomad, t. I, Tbilisi, 1961, gv. 282.
qvemoT moyvanilia fragmenti qarTveli mwerlis, vaJa-fSavelas
((1861-1915 ww.) leqsidan.
karg ymad vina vsTqvaT, vaJebo,
naTqvami ara gvcxvenodes,
msmenlis guls aborgovebdes,
aravis ara swyenodes?
vina, vin ari kai yma,
vis tanze xmali hSvenodes?
midiT, iq midiT, sadaca

xalxi xalxzeda hRelavdes,
mteri Cven gvcemdes, Cven _ mtersa,
xmlebi, xanjrebi elavdes.
sisxlis tba muxlebs swvdebodes,
cocxlebi mkvdrebsa sTelavdes...
vinc miegebos mters wina,

win-win vinc risxvas etyodes,
268
saxe sisxlgadamdinari
tkivils ar gamoityodes,
Tavzarsa scemdes sikvdilsa,
zed qorebulad frinavdes,
sicxeSi siod dahberos,
daaTbos, roca hyinavdes. 2
pirvelad omis damwyebi
brZolis vels bolos swiravdes;
sxvani iyofden nadavlsa,
is isev mtris win grgvinavdes;
miZRvnilsa saufrososa
amxanagebsve swiravdes.
darajad edgas laSqarsa,
ros is Rrma ZiliT xvrinavdes.
swors fiqrs aZlevdes Tem-sofels,
cduneba ara sZiravdes...
sjob, mokvdes mSier-titveli,
kvdebodes, ara gminavdes;
Tavis samarxad, sudrada,
marto saxelsa swiravdes...
sinTezuri eses nimuSi:

uZvelesi periodidan moyolebuli vidre me-20 saukunis CaTvliT,
tradiciuli sazogadoeba radikalurad gansxvavebul Tvisebebs mi
awerda qalebsa da mamakacebs, ris gamoc sruliad sxvadasxva Sinaarsi
hqondaT sityvebs `mamakacuri~ da `qaluri~. am Tvisebebs ganapirobeb-
da gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba, romelic tradiciul sazogadoebeb-
Si ekavaT mamakacebsa da qalebs: mamakaci iyo sazogadoebis aqtiuri
wevri, qali ki _ pasiuri. Sesabamisad, cnebebis: `mamakacurobisa~ da
`qalurobis~ konkretuli mniSvnelobebi mTlianad iyo ganpirobebuli
im gansxvavebuli socialuri rolebiT, romlebsac qali da mamakaci as-
rulebdnen tradiciul sazogadoebebSi.
tradiciul sazogadoebebSi, mamakacis aqtiuri rolis Sesabamisad,
mamakacuroba gaigivebuli iyo simamacesTan, Zlierebasa da sibrZnes-
Tan. tradiciul sazogadoebas kaci warmoedgina aqtiuri mebrZolis
saxiT, romelic uSiSrad ibrZvis Tavisi Temisa Tu qveynis interesebis
dasacavad. es brZola sxvadasxvagvarad da sxvadasxva adgilze mimdin-
areobs: xan brZolis velze, sadac fizikuri Zala da meomruli Tvise-
bebia aucilebeli, xan ki _ saTaTbiroSi, sadac brZnuli rCevis micemaa
269
saWiro. vaJa-fSavelas leqsSi `kai yma~ (VI wyaro) vxvdebiT tradiciuli
mamakacuri Rirsebebis vrcel CamonaTvals, romelSic ZiriTadi adgi-
li meomrul Tvisebebs ukavia. msgavsi damokidebulebaa asaxuli Jak-
lui davidis suraTzec (II wyaro), romelzedac naCvenebi arian uSiSari
mebrZoli mamakacebi. moxuci mama xmlebs uwvdis Svilebs, romlebic
mxedruli salmis pozaSi dganan mamis winaSe, TiTqos fics deben, rom
mamacurad ibrZoleben omSi. viTareba ar Secvlila arc mogvianebiT
_ sazogadoebis aqtiuri, wamyvani wevrebis pozicia mamakacebma me-20
saukuneSic SeinarCunes: simona de bovuaris sityvebiT (V wyaro), mama
kaci iyo yvelafris sazomi _ àbsoluturi vertikali~, anu standar-
ti, romlis mixedviTac msjelobdnen qalebze. es saocari erTianoba,
romelic ikveTeba sxvadasxva epoqasa da garemoSi Seqmnil wyaroebSi,
migvaniSnebs, rom tradiciul sazogadoebebSi aswleulebis manZilze ar
Secvlila mamakacis socialuri roli da adgili sazogadoebriv cxov
rebaSi.
Tavisi pasiuri rolidan gamomdinare, qali aRiqmeboda mamakacisa-
gan sruliad gansxvavebuli Tvisebebis mqone arsebad. amis TvalsaCi-
no magaliTia Jak-lui davidis suraTi (II wyaro) _ uSiSari vaJkacebis
gverdiT gamosaxuli qalebi sacodavad tirian, rac maT umweobasa da
gaubedaobaze migviTiTebs. qalebis jgufi ukana planzea warmodgeni-
li bavSvebTan erTad, riTac xazgasmulia qalebis ZiriTadi funqcia _
bavSvebze mzrunveloba, agreTve maTi meorexarisxovani adgili sazoga-
doebriv cxovrebaSi. mainc ras moiTxovda tradiciuli sazogadoeba
qalisagan? _ me-18 saukunis ingliseli mwerlis (IV wyaro) sityvebiT,
qals moeTxoveboda garegnuli mSveniereba, morCileba da uSinaarso we-
sierebis dacva, mas agreTve unda hqonoda rbili xasiaTi da adamianuri
sisustis mcireodeni codna. me-19 saukunis qarTveli mwerali qali (III
wyaro) ki morCilebis moTxovnaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas: `Seni wesi es
gaanZrio~ _ wers igi. amdenad, is Tvisebebi, romlebic naklad CaeTvle-
boda mamakacs _ pasiuroba, umweoba, monuri morCilebis unari, saku-
Tari nebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris arqona, miCneuli iyo
qalis upirveles Rirsebebad.
tradiciuli sazogadoebis wamyvani Zala _ mamakaci mTlianad gana
gebda qalebis beds da tons aZlevda am ori sqesis urTierTobas. es
iyo ori paraleluri, mkacrad ierarqiuli samyaro _ upirvelesi iyo
zrdasruli mamakacebis `samyaro~, qalebisa da bavSvebis `samyaro~ ki
mxolod foni iyo pirvelisaTvis. davidis suraTidan (II wyaro) cxadad
Cans, rom gadamwyveti moqmedebis dros, roca aqtiuri qmedebaa saWi
ro, qalebs mxolod emociebis gamoxatva moeTxovebaT. suraTze calke
jgufad gamosaxul qalebs mamakacebisagan uxilavi sazRvari gamoyofs
_ isini calke arian da TiTqos Tvalsac ki ver usworeben mamakacebis
`samyaros~. igive asparezi hqondaT qalebs SemosazRvruli mSvidobia-
270
nobis drosac _ mzrunveloba ojaxsa da bavSvebze, meti araferi. aseT-
ma viwro asparezma qali mTlianad daumorCila mamakacs, gaxada masze
damokidebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTeli sazogadoebrivi cxovreba
miedineboda mamakacebis mier dawesebuli kanonebiT, nebismieri axali
kanonis damkvidreba SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod mamakacebis Tanxmobis
SemTxvevaSi. barbare jorjaZis nawarmoebis saTauri: òriode sityva
ymawvili kacebis sayuradRebod~ (III wyaro) migviTiTebs, rom Txzulebis 2
adresatia mamakacTa sazogadoeba. meri uolstonkraftis Txzulebac
(IV wyaro) umTavresad mamakacebisTvis dawerilad unda miviCnioT _ misi
mizania, Tvali auxilos mamakacebs im uRirs mdgomareobaze, romelSic
qalebi imyofebian. amdenad, cxadi xdeba, rom zogadad, raime siaxlis
danergva an qalis bedis cvlileba mxolod sazogadoebis lideris _
mamakacis keTil nebaze iyo damokidebuli.
mamakacisa da qalis radikalurad gansxvavebuli socialuri rolebi
ucvleli iyo mravali aswleulis manZilze. aqedan gamomdinare, sta-
biluri iyo cnebebis _ `qalurobisa~ da `mamakacurobis~ kontrastu-
li mniSvnelobebic, rac kargad Cans sxvadasxva epoqasa da kulturul
garemoSi Seqmnili wyaroebidan. qalis ZiriTadi funqcia iyo ojaxze
zrunva, bavSvebis aRzrda, komfortuli garemos Seqmna sazogadoebis
liderisaTvis; mamakacis funqcia ki _ brZola sakuTari da qveynis in-
teresebis dasacavad, gonivruli gadawyvetilebebis miReba. am konkret-
uli socialuri funqciebis Sesabamisad, tradiciul sazogadoebebSi
`qaluroba~ gulisxmobda pasiurobas, emociurobas, pasuxismgeblobis
aRebis uunarobas, mamakacuroba _ aqtiurobas, sxvebis mfarvelobis
unarsa da sibrZnes.
warmodgenili namuSevris Sesaxeb:

sinTezuri eses zemoT moyvanili nimuSi warmoadgens tradiciuli
struqturis mqone xuTabzacian weriT namuSevars. igi Sedgeba sami naw-
ilisagan. esenia: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna.
Sesavali nawili:
• I abzaci _ Tezisi
Tezisi: `cnebebis: `mamakacurobisa~ da `qalurobis~ konkretuli
mniSvnelobebi mTlianad iyo ganpirobebuli im gansxvavebuli socialu
ri rolebiT, romlebsac qali da mamakaci asrulebdnen tradiciul
sazogadoebebSi~.
ZiriTadi nawili:
• II abzaci _ qveTema: mamakacebi
Tematuri winadadeba _ `tradiciul sazogadoebebSi, mamakacis aq-
tiuri rolis Sesabamisad, mamakacuroba gaigivebuli iyo simamacesTan,
ZlierebasTan da sibrZnesTan~.
daskvniTi winadadeba: `sxvadasxva epoqasa da garemoSi Seqmnil wya
271
roebSi, migvaniSnebs, rom es saocari erTianoba, romelic ikveTe-
ba tradiciul sazogadoebebSi aswleulebis manZilze ar Secvlila
mamakacis socialuri roli da adgili sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi~.
• III abzaci _ qveTema: qalebi
Tematuri winadadeba: `Tavisi pasiuri rolidan gamomdinare, qali
aRiqmeboda mamakacisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli Tvisebebis mqone ar-
sebad~.
daskvniTi winadadeba: àmdenad, is Tvisebebi, romlebic naklad
CaeTvleboda mamakacs _ pasiuroba, monuri morCilebis unari, saku-
Tari nebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris arqona, qalis upirve-
les Rirsebebad iyo miCneuli~.
• IV abzaci _ qveTema: qalebisa da mamakacebis urTierToba
Tematuri winadadeba: `tradiciuli sazogadoebis wamyvani Zala _
mamakaci mTlianad ganagebda qalebis beds da tons aZlevda am ori sqe-
sis urTierTobas~.
daskvniTi winadadeba: `zogadad, raime siaxlis danergva an qalis be-
dis cvlileba mxolod sazogadoebis lideris _ mamakacis keTil nebaze
iyo damokidebuli~.
daskvniTi nawili:
• V abzaci _ Sejameba
Tematuri winadadeba: `mamakacisa da qalis radikalurad gansxvave-
buli socialuri rolebi ucvleli iyo mravali aswleulis manZilze~.
daskvniTi winadadeba: àm konkretuli socialuri funqciebis Sesa
bamisad, tradiciul sazogadoebebSi `qaluroba~ gulisxmobda pasi-
urobas, emociurobas, pasuxismgeblobis aRebis uunarobas, mamakacu-
roba _ aqtiurobas, sxvebis mfarvelobis unarsa da sibrZnes~.
• sinTezur eseze samuSaod moswavleebs eZlevaT 60 wuTi: 20 wuTi
eTmoba wyaroebis gacnobas, 40 wuTi ki _ eses daweras.
• TiToeul wyarosTan miTiTebuli unda iyos: avtori/mxatvari,
nawarmoebis/suraTis/sqemis, sxv. dasaxeleba, wyaro (wigni, gamoce-
mis weli, gverdi; veb-gverdi) da rigiTi Tanamimdevrobis aRmniS-
vneli romauli cifrebi (Ì wyaro~, ÌI wyaro~ da a.S.). informacia,
romelic moyvanilia wyaroebis dasawyisSi, unda Seicavdes teq
stis gasaazreblad saWiro minimalur monacemebs (mag., miTiTeba
epoqaze, adgilze da sxv. _ saWiroebis mixedviT).
• sinTezur eseze samuSaod gamoyofili dro (60 wuTi) xSirad SeiZ
leba sakmarisi ar aRmoCndes srulyofili eseis dasawerad. mkacri
droiTi limitis gamo mosalodnelia, rom calkeuli sakiTxebi Tu
Temebi naSromSi amomwuravad da/an mTeli sisavsiT ar iyos ganxi-
luli, rac gasaTvaliswinebelia naSromis Sefasebis dros. Sem-
272
fasebels, kerZod, unda axsovdes, rom esaa pirveli versia, rom-
liTac fasdeba: aqvs Tu ara moswavles gaazrebuli eses
struqtura, icnobs Tu ara teqstis organizebis ZiriTad strat-
egiebs; aqvs Tu moswavles imis unari, rom wamoayenos Tezisi, Sear-
Cios saTanado magaliTebi naTqvamis sailustraciod da daasabu-
Tos wamoyenebuli Tezisi, sul mcire, sami wyaros gamoyenebiT.
• moswavleebisaTvis SeTavazebuli 6 wyarodan erT-erTi unda war- 2
moadgendes ama Tu im saxis vizualur masalas (cxrili, diagrama,
reproduqcia, sqema, foto da a.S.). am tipis wyaroze muSaoba Zal-
ze Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa semiotikuri wignierebis ganviTare-
bas, rac erovnuli saswavlo gegmis erT-erT gamWol kompetencias
warmoadgens.
kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. XI. 5, 8; qarT. XI. 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14; qarT. XII. 5, 6, 7, 9, 10; qarT. XII. 13, 14.
273

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11

2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis mixedviT

winamdebare gzamkvlevi gankuTvnilia qarTuli enisa da literatur-

swavla-swavlebis organizeba sabazo da saSualo safexurebze

3 aRsaniSnavia, rom zogjer gakveTilebze am mxriv erTgvari deficiti SeiniSneba.

II.1. enis swavlebis sakiTxebi qarTuli enisa da literaturis 2

enis swavlebis sxvadasxva meTodi arsebobda istoriulad. saqarTve-

rom kvdebode, arc yvels

saliteraturo aRmosavlur dasavlur

amas garda, moswavleebs unda mieceT davalebad sinonimuri sityve-

sametyvelo situacia: evfemizmi da disfemizmi

modi mobrZandi moeTrie

dajeqi dabrZandi daegde

Wame miirTvi xeTqe

ra Tqvi? ra brZaneT? ra wamoroSe?

sasurvelia aq mocemuli TiToeuli sityvisa da gamoTqmis gamoyenebis

sityvis mniSvnelobis cvla

sityva axali mniSvneloba Zveli mniSvneloba

sityvis mniSvneloba SeiZleba gafarTovdes. magaliTad:

vici minda vicode viswavle

mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebs ecodinebaT yvela saxelis bruneba da

r. gori? li? deni? dene?

SeniSvna: + niSniT aRiniSneba is maxasiaTebeli, romelic bunebrivia

venis diagramis nimuSi:

sulTamxuTavi WikWiki Tavisufali

marcvalTa sityvaTa SeerTebiT miRebuli kompozitebi

kompozitTa Sedgenilobisa da dawerilobis Sesaxeb codnis gasam-

nimuSi III: lukmapuri _ purmarili

warsuli dro kiTxvebi zmnis forma

moqmedeba dasrulda dawera

calke saubrisa da dakvirvebis sagnad unda iqces fuZemonacvle

# zmnebi pirSi monacvle droSi fuZemonacvle ricxvSi

roca moswavleebs daubrkoleblad SeuZliaT konkreul teqsteb-

sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Seqmna

axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTis Sedgena

sanam moswavleebi weras daiwyeben, maswavlebeli aZlevs rCevas,

teqstis lingvistikis sakiTxebi

zepiri formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi sabazo da saSualo safexurze

werilobiTi formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi

kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

qarT. VIII.5. moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros, gaaanalizos da Seafasos te-

qarT. IX.6. moswavles SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze sxva-

qarT.X.8. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebe-

literatura unikalur SesaZleblobas aZlevs mkiTxvels, gaigos,

qarT. IX.6. moswavles SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze sxvada­

qarT.X.9. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebis

qarT. XI.5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba

qarT. XII.5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis

qarT. XII.7. moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos kulturuli, socialuri da

rig SemTxvevebSi literaturuli nawarmoebis srulyofilad gaazre-

kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

qarT.X.8. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli

qarT. XII.5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis

Tuki moswavleebs SevTavazebT mravalferovan literaturul teq­

qarT. XI. 6. moswavles SeuZlia gaaana- qarT. VIII.10. moswavles SeuZlia

qarT. IX.7. moswavles SeuZlia enobriv-­ qarT.IX.12. moswavles SeuZlia daicvas

qarT. XII. 8. moswavles SeuZlia mxa-

qarT. XII.9. moswavles SeuZlia gaaana-

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT,

savaldebulo literatura sabazo da saSualo safexurebze

qarT. XI. 5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba

qarT. XII. 6. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva teqstSi asaxuli

qarT. XII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos kulturuli, socialuri

qarT. IX.6. moswavles SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze sxvada

Tuki moswavleebs SevTavazebT mravalferovan literaturul teq

qarT. IX.7. moswavles SeuZlia enobriv- qarT.IX.12. moswavles SeuZlia daicvas

literaturis swavleba qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi gulis

kiTxvis Semdgomi etapi: gaxseneba, piradi da kritikuli damokidebu