TRAN KHANH HA = NGUYEN HONG THANH sae] me ates a INHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOG VA KY THUATNGUYEN HONG THANH THIET KE MAY DIEN Sitch dung lam gio trinh cho sinh vien dai hoc va cao ding ky thuat In Idn thir 4 06 ctu chiza, B6 sung Sach chao mimg 50 nam thanh lap Trutng Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha Néi & NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT HA NOI - 2006LOL NOT DAU Quoin sich “THIET KEMAY DIEN” nay duoe viet tren co x6 cae gido wrink “TIMET KE MAY DIEN V4 THIET KE NHO May TINH” két hop vdi thugs tién tinh toon thier k& trong nhitu nam cia 66 min Thidt bi dién Truong dai hoe Bach khoa Ha Not Dua tren ly thuyét co bin ctia may didn, tae gid da phan tich nhiing vin dit thue tién trong thiét ké may dién, di sau va0 nhiing phon trong dim, 6 lien he thuc té sin audt dé ban doe ndm duoc nhiing quy ludt co ban trong thitt ké may didn, dong thor co thé nang cao nang tue tr dux. phon tich va tich tay Riga that. tink dé tink fon may dién, dé ro cée phuang phép tink toon tu dong vie t6i wu. vay, 6 plifin cudi cudn sdch cd néu lén céch ding méy Séch duoc 66 cue theo trink tu giing day gdm muor bay chuong. trong dé chin chuong dau noi ve cae vin de chung cho ete loa may dign mhu cach xde dink kich thude chi yéu, day quén, tink mach tit, tham sé, ton hao, thong gi vit phat nhict, tinh toan co khi cho cde Re edu co ban. Bon chuong titp theo di sau vito tink todn’ thigt ke 66n logi may dién ca bin la may dien khong dong 66, may dien ding 60, may dign mot chitu va may biéh dp. cé him theo thi dy tink ton, Bon chuong cudi néw eich sit dung may tinh dé thist hé may ditn, cde mo hink ton va ede phuang phép lap trinh tink toin tu dong va tét uu, dong thoi co xét dén sai sO cong nghé cia cae dau ra. Cudi cing la phan phu lye diy div ding cho tinh todn. B6n chuong cudi do PTS Nguyén Hong Thanh bién soan, phiin con Iai do PGS Trin Khanh Ha bien soan,Trong qué (rink bren seun Iq lan nay, ching tor dé 6 gong sia hét nhiing sai s6t cia sin trae, edt tien phon tinh mach tir ctia may dién kiéng ding b6 va them ts du ve dong co dhén Khong dong bd roto day quén. cling mhy them chwong tinh ton may bien dp dé hoan thign viée thidt Ré ede loat may duin tink va quay Vé phan tut ké bong may tnh 6 them chuong "Tic dong via sai 86 edu trie cing nghé dén chit lwong cia may dign’ Cée tir gid dd mhgn uae su chan thank gop ¥ clia ede ban dong nghiép. Xin chan thinh eém on tt cd, Sach “THIET KE MAY DIEN*nay duvc ding dé geing day hay thom khiéo trong cde truong dar hoc, cao dény. trung hoe chuyén nghiép v6 chuyén nganh vd thst bi dign, né cling cé 1ch cho cae Ay su, AY thud vin ob cde nha mdy vi cde vien nghién eww bhi cfm tra ciiu Vi trmh do, thoi gian ew tm lieu 06 han, nen sach khong trink khéi c6 so sual, xin ban doc mién tly. Moi ¥ hign dong gop xin gi v8 Bo mén Tinit bi dién Truimg doi hee Bach Rhoa Ha Noi Cie tie gid PGS. Trin Khinh Ho TS. Ngusén Hong ThanhChirong 1 Dai culong ve thiét ké may dién quay 1.1, TAC DUNG CUA SAN XUAT MAY DIEN TRONG NEN KINH TE QUOC DAN a hoi khong ngiing phat trién, sink hoat cia nhén dan khong g duge nang cao nén c4n pit trién nhieu loai may dién moi, Toe dd phat trign ciia nén sn xudt cong nong nghiép cla mot nude doi hoi mot toc dd phat trién tuong Ung cia nganh céng nghiép dién luc. Thuaing toc dd phat trién nay cao han Khoang 20% the do phat crién cua nén san xudt, do dé doi héi ngimh ché tao may dién phAi co ahitng yéu cu cao han. Do cong suit don chiée cang Ién thi gia thanh trén don vi cong suit cang ha nén cong suat cha may ngay cdng ln. Hien tai cdc may phat nhidt dién cong suat don chiée da dat dén 1 ~ 1,5 trigu kilooat ‘va may phat thiy dién di dat dén 70 ~ 80 van kildoat Dong co dign ding lam ngudn dong Ive cho céc loai thi cong sudt tit vai chyc oft dén hang van tram vongiphut dén 3000 vong/phiit. bi, looat, vong quay ti vat 6 nhidu truang hop cin thiét phai ditu chink téc do trong pham vi rong thi dong ca dién mot chitu ed dae tinh digu chinh toe do vu viet (nhy trong can thép...). Dong co dién dbng b6 co toc do khong 6%, cosp cao chit yéu ding trong céc thiét bj ea khi Jon (mbu quat gis, bam nude, may nghién.... Dong cv dién khong 5dong bo duve ding nbidu nhat v1 gid thaah ha, bao dwang don gin, van hanh chéo chan, nhdt la loai roto long soc imhu trong may cai, quat gid. bem nude...). Loni dong co khing dong bo rate day quan dieu te, khéi dong thuan tien Su phat erién cua cde thist bi didn gia dung ngay cdng doi hoi phai co nhigu loai dong co dién khong dong bo mét pha (nhu quat may, ditu hoa nhiet do, may giat, ti lank...) vA cde may dién xoay chidu van nang inh may khau, may hut bui, khoan tay.) Theo su phat trién cia khoa hoe cong nghé, ky thuat mai va vat liu méi khéng ngimg duoc phat trién lam cho nginh ché tao may dién khong ngimg déi moi Vi du, ky thuat bién tan khong ngiing duge hoan thién va gia thanh ch€ tao cac thyristor cong suat Idn khong ngimg ha xudng nén ky thuat dign t ap dung vao may dién phat trién rat nhanh. Cac logi thiét bj bién tan diéu te khong ngung déi méi va dang phat trién thanh mot t6 hop gdm dong co dién - thiét bi bién tan - thiet bi khong ché. 1.2. NHIEM VU VA PHAM VI THIET KE MAY DIEN Nhigm vy thigt kf may dién dugc xac dink tit hai yéu c&u sau: 1. Yeu c&u tit phia nha nuéc, bao gém cac tieu chusin nha nuiée, cde yeu chu kg thuat do nha nude quy din, 2, Yeu c&u tit phia nha may va nguti tiéu ding thong qua céc hop dong ky ket Nhiém vu cda ngudi thiét ké la dim bao tinh nang ky thuat cua sin phim dat cae tigu chudn nha nude quy dinh va tim kha nang ha gia thanh dé dat higu qua kinh té cao nhat, néi tom lai 1a dat chi tiéu kinh té ky thuat cao Ce bude thidt ké gdm co: 1.2.1, Thiét ké dién ta Nhiém vu cia ngudi thiet ké trong giai doan nay la theo trinktu thist ké dign tit xac dinh mot phutong an dién tit hop Is. oo thé tink bang tay, cling eo thé nha vao may tinh. Phuong an nay mdi thoa man yeu chu vé tink nang kp thuat theo viéu chudn nha nude. dong thoi oo gia thank thap nhat. Trong phuang 4n phai xde dinh toan bo kich thude loi sit stato, roto, diy quan stato, roto, két caw cach dién, Ngodi ra con phai tinh toan ahiet dé dam bao khi lam viée dn dink & ché dd dinh mic, 46 tang nhiét khong vugt qua tiéu chusin guy dinh. 1.2.2, Thidt ké két cu ‘Trong giai doan nay phai xde dinh két cfu cu thé v@ phuong thie thong gis va lam ngudi, két cfu c6 dink day quan trong ranh va phin du n6i, két cu cu thé vé cach bot tran 6 do, ket edu than may vA np may. Khoi Ivang tinh todn cba hai buée thiét k& cha yéu noi tron duge let ke trong bing 1.1 Bang 1.1. Khdi lrong tink oan 9 1. Tinh kich thuae co ban 5 2. Tinh toan dign tir 35 3 Thiét ke ket edu 30 4. Tinh todn ed khi 5 5, Tinh thong gid 5 6. Tinh nhiet 5 7. Tinh kink te 5 8 Holm thamh thiét ké va tng két 10 Dé co thé ché tan dutge may dign con phai qua cic khau thiét ke sau: * Thidt ké thi cng, co mhiém vu ve tat cd cae ban ve lip rép va chi tit* Thiét ke khuon mau va ga lip ding trong gia cong cdc chi Wet eda may * Thiet ke cong nghe, dung dé kigm tra cong nghé trong qua trim gia cdng, 1.3, TAM QUAN TRONG CUA TIEU CHUAN HOA, THIET KE DAY VA THONG DUNG HOA TRONG THIET KE ‘Trong san xudt, Bhuynh hyéng chung la bé tri eae nha may sin xudt may dién theo cong suit may vi kich thude my chi phoi quy trinh cong nghé va trang thigt bi cia nha may. Dé tién cho vige thiét ké ché tao va thda man duac yéu cau cia nén kinh té, ngudi ta thigt ke may dién theo day, nghia la theo mot 86 cp cong suat nhat dinh theo quy dinh ciia tiéu chun nha nue, gitta ching c6 su lign quan wai nhan vé két ciu va cong nghé ché tao Thiét ké day tuong d6i phiie tap vi phai ket hap nhieu yeu cau thong thudmg khéc nhau nhwt doi hii tink thong dung ca chi tit gia cong cao, ché tao don gin ma vin dam hdo dac tinh cia may tdt, do @6 thigt ké nay phai thé hién mot su hop ly ve thiét ké dien tis, cong nghé ché tao, t6 chiéc san xuat, Vi du, hién nay ngudi ta c6 ging thiét ke sao cho mot khudn dap Idi sat 6 thé bé tri dé dismg cho hai hoac ba cong sudt may bang cach thay déi chigu dai, nhu vay vige (6 chide sin xudt sé don gian vA gié thimh ha hon ahitu. 1.4, PHUONG PHAP HOC TAP MON-HOC NAY ‘Thiét ké may dién 14 mot mon hoc chuyén aganh. Hoc mon AY C6 thé can cif vAo yéu Au cla sén xudt thiét ke ra san phim, vi vay Khi hoe phi eo sw lin hé giita ly lugn vA thy te Co nhiing tham 36 thiét ké khong thé dua vao két qué tinh toan t6t mhdt tig su suy dign ly 1uan vi bi cong nghé sin xudt han ché, nh khe hd khong khi trong may dién khong dong bo chang han Khe hé cing nhé thi cusp cang cao nhung cong nghe gia 8wong se rat khd khan Nhung ki thtie thye té do phai dune eh lay trong qua mink tham gia sin xuat Ngoii ra cam phai higu, nam wing, vin dung due nhimg quy luat lien quan gitta eae dai lvong Vidu. whigm wu cua thier ké dign Hela rrong dieu kien Get kiém nguyen wat lien, dé ra duoe mot phung in thict ké co nh na vat liéu tn silic ding lam 101 sat iA h yeu D val: tiét dign va 36 vang day cun day lwo ng KY thuat wu vit trong do 6 cia Ikich thude cho quan quyét dinh g dong st dung. Do 18 hai loai vat lieu ae dung cia may diem Cac tham s6 may ign es quan he ham 36 cb dink vai oi sAr, 6 vanh, dung ranh, 36 vang day va tist dign day, con dac tinh clin may dién thi duge tinh theo mach dién thay thé gm cic tham 36 da duse unk ‘Tom lai. thiet k# may dién ta phan beh Anh hudng cia vat hu tac dung, kick hyde may dén quy luat nai tai va quan he ham $6 cda cac tham sd va tinh nang, Nhimg nam gan day ngudi ta da dé ra mot phuung phap thict ké tee tiép. Dac diém chinh cua phyong phan nay la trinh tu tink tom nguoe lai véi patting phap thiet ke thuding thay. Ofc 1a tig tinh nang may xe dinh tham so vi tham sé quyét dinh ich thude hink hoc Con trong thiét ké thong thins thi chon kich thude hink hoc truce c6i tink tham s6, sau dé kiém nghiém |: tinh nang Neu kiém nghiém kaéng dat thi chon lai kich thude va tinh Tap lai Phutang phap tinh true tiép doi héi es mot s6 lang thing ke rit lin cac 36 ligu kink nghiém vé ede sin phAm hin e6 lam co vé dé tinh todn, nén ding dé thiés ké cae thist bi bién tan len dé bign te bing dién ti thi e6 Ii hon Trong ly thuyét may dién thuimg lay «sng co ban | Trong thiét ke may dign, khi sing bie can ank budng nhieu dén de tink ciia may thi cin phi phan tich diab rink, dinh lvong hudng cia su phél hap ring anh stato, rite dém momen vv. chin. hy dnb 91.5. CAC KICH THUOC CHU YEU VA HANG SO MAY DIEN 1.5.1. Céc kich thuoe chi yéu Duimg kinh D va chiéu dai | eda phism Ung 1a eae kich thuide chi yéu cia may dién Dung kink Dd may di¢n mot chiéu la dung kin ngoai cia phan dng, 6 mAy dién khong dong bo va may dién dong bd thuong IA duong kinh trong cia loi sat stato. Kich thude D. 1 va ty lé giva ching quyét dinh trong Ivong, gia thanh. cic dac tinh kink té vige eiia may. Vi vay xac dinh cde kich thuée cha yéu IA giai doan dién Mat khdc kich thude D va) phu thuoe vio cong suat P. te dd quay n, tai dién tis A. By eda vat ligu tie dung eda may. thuat va dé tin cay hic lam FAL eg ban cita cong vite thiét ké m: 1.5.2, Hang sé may dién Kich thude chii yeu ditge xae dink tif cong suat tinh toan (cong, suat dién tity eda may dién Pi = mEL10° ; AVA hay AW ap trong as: m = 86 pha (4 may dien mot chitu m = 1; E - gle dien dong pha ca phin tng. V, T- dong dign pha eda phin ung, A s dién dong phan ing bang E = 4k Oho Vv & day k,~ he 56 song 1.11 hi song hinh sins; p - 36 doi cue; n+ t6e dO quay tegiph) ky h@ $8 day quan 16 may dién mot chidu Kky = 0 10Ww - 86 vong day etla mot pha @ may dién xoay chidu va la so vong diy cla mot nhanh song song d may didn mot chien = ayt1,By.l07 fs thong duai méi eye tu, We ay ~ hé 88 cung eve tir 2D = —- bude cue, em 2p |, - chigu dai tinh toan phan ung, om By - mat do tir thong tai khe hd khong khi, 7 Tai duang bing N mut ly ap 7D @ diy: [yy = dong din trong thanh din va N- 6 thanh dn tren phan ung. A Aiem ‘Thay tat cd nhitng dai Ivang trén vao phuung trink (1-1) thi bigu thie cong sudt tinh toan co dang: P* = 0,164.10 "k kyasnBsAD"ly a2 ‘Trong cong thite nay cae kich thude vé chivu dai tinh theo centimet, By theo Tesla con A theo Aon. Cong thie (1-21 biéw thi su lien he gida cée kich thudie chit yeu D, ly vai cong sudt P’, tée do quay n va tai dién tir A, By Bigu thite (1-2) viet dudi dang ty +8: Dyn 6.1.10" P ook k ABS oi 18 hing = may dion hay bing <0 Arnold Hing 36 may dign duge ding dé xée dinh ee kich th yeu cia may dign & aby teén da nei, 1U a6 xie dinh mot loat cae tham 86 quan trong khée Can edt van bidu thite cba hang s0 may dién Cy, e6 thé 06 hing nbn xét. sau a) C6 thé cho ring & ee may dlén thudHg ay, ky ky Khong Eh, a) use chtWi, do do eae kich thude ea my dign chi phu thude vie tai din Tir A va By Tai didn tie cang Jén thi kich thude may eang nhé. Di © bG phan cia may sé ed thé bi 0. nong qua mie cho phép lim anh huGng xau den ede dae tinh im vige eit ynay. O mit may didn, Khi cae gyi tei cia cong suae P, dien Ap U. tae dS quay n, ode kich thude cho yeu D va | da xe dinh thi tich 34 AB, 0 big di, Vige chon ty x6 AB, ex Anh huang dén tinh nang cia indy, O may dién mor chieu, ty sé AVB, Anh hudng den ché do y © may dign xoay chiéw, WY 86 ABs anh hing dén cao tham 86 va tie 46 cht pho hé 3 cng suAL cose. suv Gn dink cia may khi lam nhién kai 1 di6n eo qua Tén. ¢ fA mot hang 36 mhung tY 36 AVB, IA mot vige ca may, Anh huang dén yeu ciu ve d6i chiéu dong dign vige song song vv ‘Thue & cho thiy wing, vide nang cao phaim chat oa vat ie Lic dung, vat feu wich dign, viée chon hinh ding hink hoe eas may mot citch hop ly) hé thong quat gis t6t VA viée hodn thién wong nghé ché tao chu phep ngay chng nang eao duge (Ai dien tis A. By. nhs 46 gidm dirge hich thude eiia may ma vin gitt nguyen cong sust ‘rong thi nAng cao tri sé A va mat dé dong didn J con phai chit y dén anh hudng cla ching dén sv phat ndng cia may. A vA J trong day quiin v® bin chat quyét dink tén hao dong cia may ign. Bigu thie 1d hao dién trong day din cla phan day quan nam trong giéi han ehicu dai cia ranh 6 dang saw = mi2wip — FE = ame, Wd trong dé; Y - dign trd phan day din nim trong ranb. 2 < Qmm? day din, = 1p ~ dién tra suat ota vat 1 chigw dai day din nam trong rank, m ‘6ét dién day din, mm” 12Quan he HL-d¥ dung cho phan ung evi 141 cA eae may diém “Tit quan he nay ec the dink nyhia auat cai mhigr p, phan ting gay nén hoi tn hao di¢n wong day qudn, e 2mwlld » w xp a Ay. — i =DI 100 trong do D va | la diting kink va chiéu dai phan ung tinh theo centimet Quan he (1-5) cho ta thay tén hao dien (dings phu th viée chon tai dién tif A.J va wat lieu adn din bi Luang D4, ty 1é wai thé tich eda roto, @ tée dé quay xae "1 BR dinh. thé tich cia stato phy thude vaio D'l Nhu vay ty 56 bigu thy yan dling thé fich ca may trén dun vi cong sudt, New A va By khong déi. the tich ay ty 1é nghich voi tée 6 quay n, nghia Li néu ung cong suit. ede may e6 tée dd quay cing cae thy eo) kuch thuée va trong uong cang nh Ket Tuan nay duge khang dink bang thuc t# trén nbimg may dicn co te dé quay cao dén mde d6 cho phep eda Ung sudt co tr?n bo phan quay c) Neu viet céing thite (1-2) duéi dang Di, 60 DA, 1-6) P M 7 PoP trong dd M == 1a momen tinh team, thi Rings may > 1 @ dién biéu thi ¢y 18 thé Uoh vat ligu tae dung tren den vi madmen tinh ton Nau vay nphich dao eiia Cy bt. s8 bi¢u thi mémen mh Corin trén don vj thé teh va dee got Ha 18he 36 su dung dac trung cho vige sit dung vat lew ‘Tren day 1a nhitng van dé tong quat nhat Con nbiing vin dé cu thé khac nh cach tink P', cach chon A, By va cic kich thude D. 1 s@ duce d@ cap mat cach chi tiét khi nghién ctu qua trmh thiét ké timng loai may dién 1.6. QUAN HE GIUA NHUNG MAY DONG DANG Mue dich ca phin nay la tim mdi quan hé gia kich thyée D. 1, trong hugng G, gid thanh C va tén hao Ep vai cong sudt P* trén hing may néu la dong dang trong day cong suat co cing tée 40 quay va ed mat do dong dign J vi mat do vis thong By khong déi, cung nhu trén nhing may eung loai c6 t6e dé quay khac nhaw Méi quan hé dy cho ta mot dinh hugng téng quat khi thiét ke day may, dong thoi gidi thich vi sao khong eo su dong dang cia may trong suét day cong suit Ta goi nhiing may dong dang la nhing may ma tat 4 eac hich thude tucmg ting cia chung ty Ié voi nhau Hai may A va B dong dang ki b, Do ny 8 ‘Trong cic ty s6 tron, b,, b, I chiéu rong vA chiéu cao cia rank, Theo biéu thie 11-1), ta ed = El = Else, 8) trong dé J - mit do dong dign day din, sc, - tiét dién day dan. © tan 86 va toc 46 quay da cho, site dién dong ty 1é véi so vong day va tit thong cAm ung nén sile dign dong do: E = wh = wBS,, a-9) 8 day: B - mat dé tir thong; Sr, = Ht dién doan mach tit dang xét Tit (1-8) vA (1-9), véi B vA J khong déi, ta es: P= WBS, sey = BISH Se, = SpSeu