BGMEA UNIVERSITY OF FASHION AND TECHNOLOGY

Tensile Properties of Textile fiber

Tensile Properties of Textile fiber and textile Material: Textile Fibers
usually experience tensile loads whether they are used for apparel or
technical structures. Their form, which is long and fine, makes them
some of the strongest materials available as well as very flexible. This
book provides a concise and authoritative overview of tensile behavior
of a wide range of both natural and synthetic fibers used both in textiles
and high performance materials.
Tensile Properties of Textile Material
1. Tenacity
2. Breaking extension
3. Work of rupture
4. Initial modulus
5. Work factor
6. Work recovery
7. Elastic recovery
8. Yield stress
9. Yield strain
10. Yield point
11. Breaking load
12. Creep
Explanation of each is given below:
 
1. Tenacity:
The ratio of load obligatory to break the specimen and the linear density
of that specimen is known as tenacity. Statistically, Tenacity = Required
Load to break the specimen / linear density of the specimen Unit:
gm/denier, gm/Tex, N/Tex, CN/Tex etc.
 
2. Breaking extension:
The elongation essential to break a textile material is a valuable
measure. It may be stated that the actual percentage increase in length
and is named as breaking extension. Statistically, Breaking extension
(%) = (Elongation at break / Original length) × 100%
 
3. Work of rupture:
Work of rupture is well-defined as the energy essential to break a
material or total work done to break that material. Unit: Joule (J)
 
4. Initial modulus:
The tangent of angle amongst the initial curve and the horizontal axis is
equivalent to the ratio of stress and strain.
In engineering science the ratio is named as Young’s Modulus and in
textile we use the terms as Initial Young’s Modulus.
Initial modulus, tan α = stress / strain Tan α ↑↓ → extension ↓↑
 
 5. Work factor:
The ratio amongst work of rupture and the product of breaking load and
breaking elongation is known as work factor. Work factor = work of
rupture / (breaking load × breaking elongation)
 
6. Work recovery:
The ratio between work returned for the period of recovery and total
work done in total extension is known as work recovery.
 
Total extension = Elastic extension + Plastic extension
Total work = work required to elastic extension + work required to
plastic extension.
 
7. Elastic recovery:
The power of recovery from a specified extension is known as elastic
recovery. Elastic recovery depends on kinds of extension, fiber structure,
types of molecular bonding and crystalline of fiber. The power of
recovery from a given extension is known as  elastic recovery. Elastic
recovery depends on sorts of extension, fiber structure, types of
molecular bonding and crystalline of fiber
8. Yield point
The point up to which a fiber acts elastic distortion and after which a
fiber shows plastic deformation is known as  yield point.
 
9. Yield stress
The stress at yield point is known as yield stress.
 
10. Yield strains:
The strain at yield point is known as yield strain.
 
11. Breaking load:
The  load  which is compulsory to break a specimen is known as
breaking lo
12. Creep:
When a load is applied on the textile material an prompt strain is
happened, but after that the strain will be lower with the passing time.
This behavior of the material is named as creep.
 
 
There are two types of creep:
1. Temporary creep
2. Permanent creep
3.

Here,
AB = the initial length of the specimen
AD = the final length after recovery
BD = the total extension
CD = the elastic extension
BC = the plastic extension
 
Total extension = Elastic extension + Plastic extension
So, Elastic recovery (%) = (Elastic extension/total extension) ×100% =
(CD/BD) × 100%
So, Plastic recovery = (plastic extension/total extension) ×100% =
(BC/BD) ×100%