Chapter 12 – 變異數分析

Note: Graphs are not to scale and are intended to convey a general idea.
Answers may vary due to rounding.

練習題 12-1

1. 5. continued
The analysis of variance using the F-test can Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough
be used to compare 3 or more means. evidence to conclude that at least one mean
is different from the others.

2.
The populations from which the samples 6.
were obtained must be normally distributed.
The samples must be independent of each
other. The variances of the populations must
be equal.

3.

4.
Scheffe´ Test and the Tukey Test

5.

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is not

enough evidence to support the claim that at least
one mean is different from the others.

7.

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 Chapter 12 – 變異數分析

7. continued 9.

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that at least
one mean is different.

8.

10.
H0 = µ 1 = µ 2 = µ 3
H1: At least one mean differs from the
others. (claim)

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

enough evidence to reject the claim that the
means are the same.

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that at least
one mean is different.
2
 Chapter 12 – 變異數分析
練習題 12-2

1. 4.
The Scheffé and Tukey tests are used.

2.

5.

3.

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that at least one mean is different from the
others.

3
 Chapter 12 – 變異數分析

6.

Reject the null hypothesis. There is enough

evidence to support the claim that at least
one mean is different.

4
 Chapter 12 – 變異數分析
練習題 12-3

1. 6. continued
The two-way ANOVA allows the researcher
to test the effects of two independent
variables and a possible interaction effect.
The one-way ANOVA can test the effects of
one independent variable only.

2.
The mean square values are computed by
dividing the sum of squares by the
corresponding degrees of freedom.

3. Since the only F test value that exceeds the

critical value is the one for humidity, there is
sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a
difference in mean length of effectiveness
based on the humidity level. The
temperature and interaction effects are not
significant.

4.
The two types of interactions that can occur
are ordinal and disordinal.

5.
a. The lines will be parallel or
approximately parallel. They could also
coincide.
b. The lines will not intersect and they will
not be parallel.
c. The lines will intersect.
6.
H0: There is no interaction effect between
temperature and level of humidity.
H1: There is an interactive effect between
temperature and level of humidity.
H0: There is no difference in mean length of
effectiveness with respect to humidity.
H1: There is a difference in mean length of
effectiveness with respect to humidity.
H0: There is no difference in mean length of
effectiveness based on temperature.
H1: There is a difference in mean length of
effectiveness based on temperature.
7.
Interaction:
H0: There is no interaction 0 effect on the
durability rating between the dry additives
and the solution-based additives.
H1: There is an interaction effect on the
durability rating between the dry additives
and the solution-based additives.
Solution-based Additive:
H0: There is no difference in the mean
durability rating with respect to the solutionbased
additives.
H1: There is a difference in the mean
durability rating with respect to the solutionbased
additives.
Dry Additives:
H0: There is no difference in the mean
durability rating with respect to the dry
additive.
H1: There is a difference in the mean
durability rating with respect to the dry
additive.

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 Chapter 12 – 變異數分析

7. continued 8. continued

8.
H0: There is no interaction effect between
the ages of the salespersons and the products
they sell on the monthly sales.
H1: There is an interaction effect between
the ages of the salespersons and the products Since the lines cross, there is a disordinal
they sell on the monthly sales. interaction hence there is an interaction
effect between the age of the sales person
H0: There is no difference 0 in the means of and the type of products sold.
the monthly sales of the two age groups.
H1: There is a difference in the means of the
monthly sales of the two age groups.

H0: There is no difference among the means

of the sales for the different products.
H1: There is a difference among the means
of the sales for the different products.

6
 Chapter 12 – 變異數分析
複習題 - CHAPTER 12

1. 2.

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that at least one mean is different from the
others.

3.

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 Chapter 12 – 變異數分析

3. continued 5. continued
H0: There is no difference in the means for
the glucose levels of the persons in the two
diet programs.
H1: There is a difference in the means for
the glucose levels of the persons in the two
diet programs.

Do not reject. There is not enough evidence

to support the claim that at least one mean is
different from the others.

4.

The cell means should be calculated.

Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is

not enough evidence to support the claim
that at least one mean is different from the
others.

5.
Since the means for the Exercise Program I
H0: There is no interaction effect between
the type of exercise program and the type of are both smaller than those for Exercise
Program II and the vertical differences are
diet on a person's glucose level.
not the same, the interaction is ordinal.
H1: There is an interaction effect between
Hence one can say that there is a difference
the type of exercise program and the type of
diet on a person's glucose level. for exercise, diet; and that an interaction
effect is present.
H0: There is no difference in the means for
the glucose levels of the persons in the two
exercise programs.
H1: There is a difference in the means for
the glucose levels of the persons in the two
exercise programs.

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 Chapter 12 – 變異數分析
小試身手

1. False, there could be a significant 9.

difference between only some of the means. a. two-way ANOVA
b. diet and exercise program
2. False, the null hypothesis should not be c. 2
rejected. d.
H0: There is no interaction effect
3. d between the type of exercise program and
the type of diet on a person's weight loss.
4. a H1: There is an interaction effect between
the type of exercise program and the type of
5. ANOVA diet on a person's weight loss.

6. Two H0: There is no difference in the means of

7.
H0 = µ 1 = µ 2 = µ 3
H1: At least one mean is different from the
others. (claim)
Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is
not enough evidence to support the claim
that at least one mean is different from the
others. Writers would want to target their
material to the age group of the viewers.
the weight losses for those in the exercise
programs.
H1: There is a difference " in the means of the
weight losses for those in the exercise
programs.
H0: There is no difference in the means of
the weight losses for those in the diet
programs.
H1: There is a difference in the means of the
weight losses for those in the diet programs.
e.
Diet: F = 21.0, significant
Exercise Program: F = 0.429, not significant
Interaction: F = 0.429, not significant

f. Reject the null hypothesis for the diets.

8.
H0 = µ 1 = µ 2 = µ 3 (claim)
H1: At least one mean is different from the
others.