Tutorial #2

Chapter 3

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Mechanical vapor compression cycles
Ideal non-ideal

Two stage in series

 Q#1
An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with refrigerant-
134a as the working fluid is considered. The rate of heat removal
from the refrigerated space, the power input to the compressor,
the rate of heat rejection to the environment, and the COP are to
be determined.

m=0.05 kg/s

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m=0.05 kg/s

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 Q#2
A refrigerator with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid is
considered. The rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space,
the power input to the compressor, the isentropic efficiency of
the compressor, and the COP of the refrigerator are to be
determined.
m=0.12 kg/s

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m=0.12 kg/s

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 Q#3
A two-stage compression refrigeration system with refrigerant-
134a as the working fluid is considered. The fraction of the
refrigerant that evaporates as it is throttled to the flash chamber,
the rate of heat removed from the refrigerated space, and the
COP are to be determined.

mA=0.25 kg/s

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mA=0.25 kg/s

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 Q#4
A two-stage cascade refrigeration system is considered. Each
stage operates on the ideal vapor compression cycle with
refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. The mass flow rate of
refrigerant through the lower cycle, the rate of heat removal
from the refrigerated space, the power input to the compressor,
and the COP of this cascade refrigerator are to be determined.

mA=0.24 kg/s

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mA=0.24 kg/s

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 Q#5
1. Consider a two-stage refrigeration cycle with a flash chamber and with refrigerant-
134a as the working fluid. The evaporator pressure is 200 kPa and the condenser
pressure is 1200 kPa. The refrigerant leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid and is
throttled to a flash chamber operating at 450 kPa. Part of the refrigerant evaporates
during this flashing process, and this vapor is mixed with the refrigerant leaving the
low-pressure compressor. The mixture is then compressed to the condenser pressure
by the high-pressure compressor. The liquid in the flash chamber is throttled to the
evaporator pressure and cools the refrigerated space as it vaporizes in the evaporator.
The mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the low-pressure compressor is 0.15
kg/s. Assume the refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a saturated vapor and the
isentropic efficiency is 80 percent for both compressors.
(a) Draw the hardware and T-s diagram for this cycle;
Determine:
(b) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant supplied by the high-pressure compressor;
(c) the rate of refrigeration supplied by the system;
(d) the COP of this refrigerator;
(e) the rate of refrigeration and the COP if this refrigerator operated on a single-stage
vapor-compression cycle between the same evaporator and condenser pressures with
the same compressor efficiency and the same flow rate as calculated in part (b).
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Tutorial #2
Chapter 4

17
Cooling Systems of Air-Conditioning System

Cooling Coils – Water-Cooled Chiller – Cooling Tower

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 Q#1
Atmospheric air enters the evaporator of an automobile air-
conditioner at a specified pressure, temperature, and relative
humidity. The dew-point and wet-bulb temperatures at the inlet
to the evaporator section, the required heat transfer rate from
the atmospheric air to the evaporator fluid, and the rate of
condensation of water vapor in the evaporator section are to be
determined.

V1=10 m3/min

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10 m3/min

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 Q#2
Atmospheric air enters an air-conditioning system at a specified pressure,
temperature, and relative humidity, as shown in the figure below. The heat
transfer, the rate of condensation of water, and the mass flow rate of the
refrigerant are to be determined.

0.2
1.0

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 Cooling tower

Mechanical-Draught Cooling Tower Natural-Draught Cooling Tower

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Heat Transfer in Cooling Towers

Heat transfer of a cooling

tower can be evaluated
by conducting a heat and
mass balance.

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Heat Transfer in Cooling Towers

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 Q#3
Cooling water leaves the condenser of a power plant and enters a wet cooling
tower at 35°C at a rate of 100 kg/s. Water is cooled to 22°C in the cooling tower
by air that enters the tower at 1 atm, 20°C, and 60 percent relative humidity and
leaves saturated at 30°C. Neglecting the power input to the fan, determine (a) the
volume flow rate of air into the cooling tower and (b) the mass flow rate of the
required makeup water.

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 Q#4
Water is cooled by air in a cooling tower. The volume flow rate of
air and the mass flow rate of the required makeup water are to
be determined.

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 Additional Question#1
A two-stage compression refrigeration system with an adiabatic liquid-vapor
separation unit uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. The system
operates the evaporator at -32oC, the condenser at 1400 kPa, and separator
at 8.9oC. The refrigerant is circulated through the condenser at a rate of 2 kg/s.
The refrigerant is saturated liquid at the inlet of each expansion valve and
saturated vapor at the inlet of each compressor, and the compressors are
isentropic.
Draw (a) the T-s diagram for the system and determine (b) the rate of
refrigeration; (c) the power input for this system.

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 Additional Question#2
A two-evaporator compression refrigeration system as shown in the figure
uses refrigerant 134a as the working fluid. The system operates evaporator #1
at 0oC, evaporator #2 at -26.4oC, and the condenser at 800 kPa. The
refrigerant is circulated through the compressor at a rate of 0.1 kg/s and the
low-temperature evaporator serves a cooling load of 8 kW. The refrigerant is
saturated liquid at the exit of the condenser and saturated vapor at the exit of
each evaporator, and the compressor is isentropic.
Draw (a) the T-s diagram for the system and determine (a) the cooling rate of
the high-temperature evaporator; (b) the power required by the compressor;
(c) the COP of the system.

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