Linked Gene Question to Practice

JQ

Which are the possible recombinants in a dihybrid test cross involving the linked genes jq ?

JQ and JJ

A. jq Qq

Jq and Qq

B. Qq JJ

Jq and jQ

C. jq jq

JQ and Jq

D. jq jQ

In fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) grey body is dominant to black

body and normal wings are dominant to vestigial wings.

Male flies, heterozygous for both grey body and normal wings, were mated with black-
bodied, vestigial-winged females. 2000 offspring were counted. The resulting percentage of
each type of offspring is shown in the table below.

Resulting offspring Frequency

Grey body, normal wings 40%
Black body, vestigial wings 40%
Grey body, vestigial wings 10%
Black body, normal wings 10%

What conclusion can be drawn from the information given above?

A. The genes assort independently.

B. A mistake has been made.

C. The genes are linked.

D. The genes are on separate chromosomes.

(a) In some maize plants the seed is enclosed in a green sheath called a tunica.
The allele (T) for this is dominant to the allele (t) for normal, unenclosed seeds.
The endosperm of the seed can be starchy (allele E) or sugary (allele e). The genes for
these two characteristics are linked. The table below shows the outcome of crosses
between a plant heterozygous for both characteristics and one that is homozygous
recessive for both characteristics.

Phenotype Number
Tunica present, starchy 326
Unenclosed seeds, starchy 111
Tunica present, sugary 118
Unenclosed seeds, sugary 295

(i) State the genotype of the heterozygous parent using the correct notation.

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(1)

(ii) Identify which individuals are recombinants in this cross.

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(1)

(iii) Explain what has occurred to cause these results.

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In the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), the allele for grey fur colour (G) is dominant to the
allele for red fur colour (g) and the allele for a fluffy tail (F) is dominant to hairless tail (f).

(a) The genes described above form a linkage group. Define linkage group.

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(1)

(b) A cross is made between squirrels of the following genotypes.

G F g f

g f g f

Using a similar format, identify the genotypes of offspring which are recombinants.

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(2)

(c) Explain how the recombinants are formed during meiosis.

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(3)
(a) State the two classes of compounds that compose chromosomes in animal cells.

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(1)

(b) Outline how meiotic division results in almost an infinite genetic variation in the
gametes produced.

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(2)
(c) In a species of plant, tall is dominant to short and the production of round seeds is
dominant to that of wrinkled seeds. The alleles are unlinked.

A plant heterozygous for both characteristics is crossed with a plant homozygous for
tall with wrinkled seeds.

Use the letters:

T—allele for tall

t — allele for short
R — allele for round seed
r—allele for wrinkled seed.

Determine the phenotypes and genotypes of the offspring of this cross.

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(2)

(d) State how chromosome number can increase in human beings.

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(1)
(Total 6 marks)
 Answers:

(a) genes that are located on the same chromosome (form a linkage group) 1
G f

(b) g f;
g F
g f;
Award [1 max] if the candidate does not use the same format, but
gives the correct letters Ggff and ggFf. 2
(c) (recombination) occurs in prophase 1 of meiosis;
homologous chromosomes come together in pairs;
 chiasmata form between the (non-sister) chromatids;
chromosomes exchange segments / crossing over takes place; 3 max
(d) tRNA attaches to (specific) amino acid;
tRNA (with amino acid) moves to the ribosome;
anticodon of tRNA binds with codon of mRNA; 2 max
[8]
(a) DNA and protein 1
(b) crossing over / chiasmata;
shuffles alleles;
random orientation of chromosomes;
at metaphase I:
at metaphase II; 2 max
(c) all four genotypes shown: TTRr, TTrr, TtRr, Ttrr;
phenotype individually identified / 2 tall round and 2 tall wrinkled; 2
Cannot use genotype letters by themselves to mean phenotypes
eg cannot state that the phenotype of a tall round plant is TR
etc
(d) non-disjunction 1
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