Assignment 3

UNIT 67
Prepared by Prepared for
Ahasan Ulla Sazid Ali
Student ID: ND_AE_336
Task 3a

Answer to question number 3A(1)

A. Viscosity- The resistance of a fluid to a change in shape, or movement of neighboring

portions relative to one another is called viscosity.

B. Incompressible flow- If there is on variation of the density of the flow, the flow is known as
Incompressible flow.

C. Transition point- The point at which the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent is
called the transition point.

Answer to question number 3A(2)

2. Compressibility effects in particular become increasingly important as airspeed increases.

Compressibility is of paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. It causes
a change in the density of the air around.

Task 3b

Answer to question number 3B(1)

Boundary layer and its nature explained-

When the fluid is far from the surface, it increases its velocity and at the end of boundary layer,
the velocity matches the free stream velocity. So, the thin area near the surface where the effect
of viscosity is found is called boundary layer.

Answer to question number 3B(2)

The effect of boundary layer on fluid flow over an aerofoil is explained-

There are recirculation and change of shape of surface due to the presence boundary layer which
increases the lift and drag force. As the flow continues back from the leading edge, the laminar
boundary layer increases in thickness. The laminar flow breaks down and transitions to a
turbulent flow.
Task 3c

Answer to question number 3C(1)

Internal Pipe flow- The internal pipe flow affects the area of that pipe. For the laminar flow, the
Reynolds number in 2300 to 4000. When the flow turns turbulent, the Reynolds number exceed
the number of 4000.

Answer to question number 3C(2)

External Aerofoil flow- In external flow of the aerofoil, the Reynolds number will not exceed
the number of 1100. So, it can be said that it flows laminar.

Task 3d
Answer to question number 3D (1)
A. Given,
v1 = 5 m/s, d1 = 0.5m and d2 = 1m
We know,
ρ A1 v1 = ρ A2 v2
Or, A1 v1 = A2 v2
Or, π (d1/2)2 v1 = π (d2/2)2 v2
Or, 3.1416×(0.5/2)2 × 5 = 3.1416×(1/2)2 × v2
Or, 0.982 = 0.785v2
⸫ v2 = 1.251 m/s
So, the velocity of the water when it reaches the tube diameter of 1m is 1.251 m/s.(Ans)

B. Given,
v1 = 5 m/s, d1 = 0.5m and d2 = 1.5m
We know,
ρ A1 v1 = ρ A2 v2
Or, A1 v1 = A2 v2
Or, π (d1/2)2 v1 = π (d2/2)2 v2
Or, 3.1416×(0.5/2)2 × 5 = 3.1416×(1.5/2)2 × v2
Or, 0.982 = 1.767v2
⸫ v2 = 0.556 m/s
So,
Mass flow rate, m = ρ A v2 = 1000×π×(d2/2)2×0.556
= π×(1.5/2)2×0.556 = 982.535 kg/s
Again,
Volume flow rate, Q = Av2 = π×(d2/2)2×0.556 = π×(1.5/2)2×0.556
= 0.983 m3/s. (Ans)
Answer to question number 3D(2)
2. Given,
A = 2.85 x 10−4 m2, V = 8.00 x 10−3 m3 and t = 30 s.
A. The velocity of water that leaves the hose when it has the unobstructed opening,
v = Q/A = (V/t)/A
= (8.00 x 10−3/30)/ 2.85 x 10−4
= 2.67 × 10−4/ 2.85 × 10−4
= 0.935 m/s. (Ans)
B. The velocity of water that leaves the hose when obstructed opening has half of
the given area, v = Q/(A/2)
= 2.67 × 10−4/ (2.85 × 10−4/2)
= 1.873 m/s. (Ans)
C. The mass flow rate of water that leaves the hose, m = ρ A v
= 1000×2.85 x 10 −4×0.935
= 0.266 kg/s. (Ans)
D. Volume flow rate of the water that leaves the hose, Q = V/t
= 8.00 x 10 −3/30
= 2.67× 10 −4. (Ans)