8.G 6 Moral - Civics Final

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vufawGUb0wGif tokH;csykHrsm;udk ydkrdkem;vnfEdkifaprnfh todynm? uRrf;usifrItopfrsm;
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- vlrIusifh0wf
- tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0ef
- pnf;urf;ESifhOya'
- Nidrf;csrf;pGm twl,SOfwGJaexdkifjcif;
oif,lMu&rnfhenf;vrf;rsm;
oifcef;pmtm;vkH;wGif wuf<upGmyg0ifoif,lEdkif&ef taxmuftuljyKrnfh 21&mpk
uRrf;usifrIrsm;jzpfonfh C-5vkH;udk avhusifhoif,lMu&rnf/
9 yl ; aygif ; aqmif&G u f j cif ; ( Collaboration )- oif c ef ; pmrsm; oif , l & mwG i f
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;onf twef;azmfrsm;ESit hf yk pf zk JGUNy;D tawG;tac:rsm;rQa0jcif;?
tajzrsm;twl &SmazGjcif;wdkYudk vkyfaqmifrnf/
9 qufoG,fajymqdkjcif; (Communication)- oifcef;pmrsm;udk a&;jcif;? zwfjcif;?
ajymjcif;? em;axmifjcif;ESiS hf EIwjf zifq
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G af jymqdjk cif;? ud,
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f rlt&mjzifh qufo,
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ajymqdjk cif;wdu
Yk kd vkyaf qmif&rnf/
9 av;eufpGmqef;ppfa0zefjcif;ESifhjyóemajz&Sif;jcif; (Critical Thinking and Problem
Solving)- ajz&Si;f &ef pdw0f ifpm;zG,jf yóemrsm;\ tajzrsm;udk &SmazGjcif;ESiw
hf ifjyjcif;?
trSm;rsm;udk &SmazGjcif;ESifhjyKjyifjcif;wdkY jyKvkyfMu&rnf/
9 wDxGifzefwD;jcif; (Creativity and Innovation)- abmifcwfxm;onfh tajctae
xJrSxGufí awG;ac:jcif;? tawG;tac:opfrsm;? enf;vrf;opfrsm;jzifh jyóemrsm;
ajz&Si;f jcif;udk vkyaf qmif&rnf/
9EdkifiHom;aumif;jzpfjcif; (Citizenship)- EdkifiHom;aumif;jzpfap&ef ausmif;? vlrI
tzGJUtpnf;wGif wuf<upGmyg0ifvyk af qmifjcif;? pnf;urf;ESiOhf ya'udk av;pm;vdu
k ef mjcif;?
w&m;rQwjcif;? oabmxm;uGJvGJrI ajz&Si;f jcif;ponfwdkYudk avhusifhoif,l&rnf/
pmoifESpftqkH;wGif od&SdoGm;jyD; vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfh&v'frsm;

q|rwef;? pm&dwåESifhjynfoYleDwdbmom&yf ausmif;okH;pmtkyfudk oif,ljyD;aomtcg
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;onf atmufygwdkYudk vkyfaqmifEdkifrnf/
oif½kd;rmwdumtusOf;csKyf (oif,lrI&v'frsm;)
tcef;(1) vlru I si0hf wf
rdom;pktwGi;f ,Ofaus;aomtjyKtrlrsm;udk em;vnfNy;D aeYpOfb0wGif usio hf ;kH wwfvmrnf/
rdom;pk0ifrsm;Mum;wGif tjyeftvSef ½dkaoav;pm;rIrsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD; aeYpOfb0wGif
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wwfvmrnf/
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tcGit hf a&;rsm;ESihf wm0ef,rl t I cef;u@rsm;udk cGJjcm;wwfvmrnf/ ausmif;ü rdrdwdkY
&&Sdoifhaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk azmfxkwfEdkifNyD; xdktcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh twl,SOfwGJ
aeaom wm0efrsm;udkvnf; vufawGUb0wGif aqmif&Gufwwfvmrnf/ rdrdEdkifiHudk
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tcef;(3) pnf;urf;ESifhOya'

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ulnDvrf;nTefay;rnfh atmufyg oauFwrsm; (Icons) udkawGU&vdrfhrnf-
zwfyg tdkifpDwD^tifwmeufcsdwfyg
a&;yg oli,fcsif;awGudkajymjyyg
em;axmifyg aqG;aEG;yg
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avhvmoif,lrIrsm;udk ulnDvrf;nTefay;vdrfhrnf/
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pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm
tcef; 1/ vlrIusifh0wf 1
(1.1) rdom;pktwGif;,Ofaus;jcif; 2
(1.2) ½kdaoav;pm; 0wå&m; 6
(1.3) ½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif; 8
(1.4) at;csrf;om,m rdom;pkurÇm 12
tcef; 2/ tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0ef 15
(2.1) tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0ef rdwfquf 16
(2.2) rdom;pktwGif; tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0efrsm; 21
(2.3) ausmif;om;rsm;\tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0ef 24
(2.4) wdkYcspfwJhwdkYEdkifiH 27
tcef; 3/ pnf;urf;ESifhOya' 32
(3.1) ausmif;pnf;urf;ESifhpmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm; 33
(3.2) ausmif;aumifpD 36
(3.3) pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifhOya'\ta&;BuD;rI 40
tcef; 4/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJaexdkifjcif; 45
(4.1) Nidrf;csrf;a&;rdwfquf 46
(4.2) Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkjrwfEdk;jcif; 49
(4.3) pkaygif;pGrf;tm;aumif;usdK;yGm; 53
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jzpf&yf(1)
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ausmif;oGm;&eftwGuf tdy&f mrSx&ef atmf[pfíEdI;avh&o dS nf/ eHeufpmpm;&mwGif aexuf
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tb,faMumifh xdkodkYjyKrlajymqdkoifhygoenf;/
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aqG;aEG;NyD; ydkpwmwpfckzefwD;yg/
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oifu wpfpw kH pfa,mufukd aus;Zl;wifygw,f[k ajymqdo
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aus;Zl;wifygw,f cifAsm
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4
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um OD;av;udk pdwt f m;xufoefpmG apmifah rQmaf eonf/
xdkaeYnaewGif OD;av;ESifhtwl ae0ifonftxd
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tdrfjyefa&mufcsdefwGif zdk;xl;u OD;av;udk

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xdcu
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tjyKtrl? csKdomaomtajymtqdkrsm;jzifh jyKrlajymqdkqufqH&rnf/
atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udka&;om;ajzqdkyg/
(1) ],Ofaus;jcif;}udkrnfodkYem;vnfygoenf;/
(2) rdom;pktwGif; qufqH&mwG if rnf o nf h t jyKtrl rsm;onf ,Of aus;odrf arG Uaom
ud, k tf rlt&mrsm; jzpfoenf;/
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Edik of enf;/
5
oifcef;pm(1.2) ½kdaoav;pm; 0wå&m;

od&Sdxm;&rnfh t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf
½kdaoav;pm;jcif;
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xm;jcif;? OD;pm;ay;jcif;? rdrdudk,fudkESdrfhcspGm qufqHjcif;yifjzpfonf/
(u)rdbESifhom;orD;Mum; tjyeftvSef½kdaoav;pm;rI
rdbESifhom;orD;wdkY\qufqHa&; aumif;rGefap&ef vkyfaqmif&rnfhenf;vrf;rsm;udk
aqG;aEG;azmfxkwfyg/
rdbESifhom;orD;Mum;
aumif;rGefaomqufqHa&;&&Sdap&ef enf;vrf;rsm;
rdb om;orD;
om;orD;rsm;\ BudK;pm;rIudk rdbpum;udktav;xm;jcif;
csD;usL;ay;jcif;
(c)nDtpfudkarmifESrtcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef½kdaoav;pm;rI
atmufygwdkYudkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;yg/
oifhwGifnDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;&Sdygovm;/ nDtpfudkarmifESr&SdonfhtwGuf oifrnfodkY
cHpm;&ygoenf;/
oifyh wf0ef;usiw f iG f nDtpfuakd rmifErS uJo
h Ykd &if;ES;D olrsm;&Syd govm;/ xdo
k w
l &Ykd o
dS nft
h wGuf
oifrnfuo hJ Ykd cHpm;&ygoenf;/
6
nDtpfuakd rmifErS tcsif;csif; aumif;rGeaf omqufqaH &;&&Sad p&ef enf;vrf;rsm;
ulnDwwfjcif; ,Ofaus;rI&Sdjcif;
&if;ESD;rI&Sdjcif; aEG;axG;MuifemrI&Sdjcif;
(u) txufyg½kyfyHkrsm;wGif rnfonfwdkYudk awGU&oenf;/
(c) xdktjyKtrlrsm;ESifh ywfoufíoif\xifjrifcsufudk azmfjyyg/
ulnDajz&Sif;Mur,f
udZk ifonf q|rwef;ausmif;om;jzpfí ol\nDrav;,rif;onf pwkww ¬ ef;
ausmif;oljzpfonf/ ausmif;wGif rlvwef;tqifh pmpDpmuk;H NyKd iyf JG usi;f yrnfjzpfaomaMumifh
,rif;onf NyKd iyf wJG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS Nf yKd irf nfjzpfonf/ odkYaomf ,rif;onf pmpDpmukH;
acgif;pOfESifh oufqdkifaomtaMumif;t&mudk pOf;pm;&efcufcJaeygonf/ naetdro f Ykd
jyefa&mufvmaomtcg ,rif;onf udZk iftm; pmpDpmuk;H NyKd iyf t JG aMumif; ajymjyygonf/
xdktcg udkZifu pmpDpmukH;pmtkyfrsm;wGif acgif;pOfESifhoufqdkifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;
udk &SmazGay;jcif;jzifh ,rif;tm; pmpDpmuk;H NyKd iyf 0JG if&ef tultnDay;ygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh
,rif;onf udZk if\tultnDjzifhpmpDpmuk;H NyKd iyf u JG kd0ifa&muf,OS Nf yKd icf yhJ gonf/ aemufaeYeeH uf
,rif;ausmif;odYk a&mufaomtcg twef;ydik q f &mru ]]pmpDpmuk;H NyKd ifyrJG mS ,rif; yxrqk
&w,f}} [kajymygonf/
7
atmufygwdkYudkaqG;aEG;ajzqdkyg/
(u) oifonf tcuftcJBuKH vmygu oif\tpfu?kd tpfrxHwiG f tultnDawmif;í ajz&Si;f
oifhonf[k xifygovm;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
(c) oif\nDrav;? nDav;wGif tcuftcJBuHKaeygu ulnDajz&Sif; ay;ygrnfvm;/
tb,faMumifhenf;/
(*) nDtpfudkarmifESr wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tcuftcJrsm;udk twlwuG ulnDajz&Sif;jcif;jzifh
rnfonfh tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;&&SdEdkifygoenf;/
(*)½kdaoav;pm;rIudk aeYpOfb0wGif vufawGUusifhokH;jcif;
o½kyfaqmifupm;jcif;
atmufygtcsurf sm;udt k ajccHí tjyeftvSef ½kdaoav;pm;aomrdom;pkwpfpk jzpfap&ef
rnfov Ykd ufawGUusio
hf ;kH rnfukd Zmwfvrf;wpfck zefw;D yg/ tkypf v
k u
kd f o½kyaf qmifjyyg/
tdrf&Sdrdom;pk0ifrsm;udk azmfjy&ef
rdbESifhom;orD;rsm;qufqHykHudk o½kyfaqmifjy&ef
nDtpfudkarmifESrtcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef½kdaoav;pm;rIudk o½kyfaqmifjy&ef
t"dutcsufrsm;
vlwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;qufqH&mwGif olwpfyg;tay:tav;xm;jcif;? OD;pm;ay;jcif;? rdrd
udk,fudkESdrfhcspGmqufqHjcif;onf ½kdaoav;pm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
rdom;pk0iftcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSef½dkaoav;pm;rI&jdS cif;onf aysm&f iT zf ,
G af umif;aomrdom;pk
b0udk &&SdapEdkifygonf/
(1) rdom;pk0iftcsif;csif; tav;xm;qufqHrI&Sdjcif;jzifh rnfonfhtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &&Sdyg
oenf;/
(2) oifjrifawGUzl;aom rdom;pkwpfpktwGif; qufqHa&;tajctaeudk aqG;aEG;wifjyyg/
oifcef;pm(1.3) ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif;
ausmif;om;wdik ;f onf i,fpOfb0uyif ½dk;om;ajzmifrh wfow l pfO;D jzpfvmap&ef BuKd ;pm;
aexdik o
f ifo
h nf/ ½dk;om;ajzmifrh wfowl \
Ykd jyKral jymqdak exkid rf rI sm;udk twk,Nl y;D aeYpOf
vlrIb0wGif vufawGUusifhoHk;aexdkif&rnf/
8
½kd;om;jcif;opfyif
wpfcgwke;f u om,m0ajymonfh wdik ;f jynfwpfjynfwiG f ½kd;om;ajzmifrh wfaom
bk&ifBu;D wpfyg;u rif;usifhw&m;ESifhtnD tkycf sKyo f nfth wGuf jynfot l rsm; aysm&f iT pf mG
aexdik Mf u&avonf/ bk&ifBu;D wGif xD;arGeef;arGqufc&H ef om;awmfwpfyg;rQ rxGe;f um;
onfhtwGuf wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;xJrSwpfOD;udk tdrfa&SUrif;om;tjzpf wifajr§mufvdk
aomaMumifh wdkif;jynftwGif;&Sd vli,fvl&G,frsm;udk eef;&ifjyifwGif pka0;aponf/
bk&ifBu;D u]]tarmifvv k iftaygif;wdYk uREyfk rf mS xD;arGeef;vsmqufczH Ykd om;awmf
wpfyg;rQrxGe;f um;wJt h wGuf tarmifwt Ykd xJu xl;cRex f ufjrufow l pfa,mufukd tarGpm;
tarGct H jzpf arG;pm;vdwk ,f/ tarmifw&Ykd UJ t&nftcsi;f awGukd odvw kd t hJ wGuf opfaph
wpfaphpD ay;vdkufr,f/ 'Dopfaphudk taumif;qkH;ysKd;axmifpdkufysKd;&r,f/ aemufajcmufv
MumwJt h cg tarmifwpYkd u kd yf sK;d xm;wJh opfyifawGuMkd unfNh y;D tarmifwYkd t&nftcsi;f awGukd
tuJjzwfrmS jzpfw,f}}vdYk trdefY&NdS y;D opfaphwpfaphpD ay;vdu k af vonf/
vli,fv&l G,t f aygif;uvnf; tvGe&f cJonfh tcGit hf a&;jzpfonft h wGuf w,kw,
pdu
k yf sK;d avonf/ xdt k xJwiG f armifv½l kd;av;vnf; tygt0ifyifjzpfonf/ armifv½l kd;av;
onf bk&ifBuD;ay;vdkufaomopfaphudk yef;tdk;wpftdk;wGifpdkufysKd;NyD; aeYpOfa&rSefrSef
avmif;aomfvnf; tyifaygufrvmacs/ armifvl½kd;vnf; tvGefpdwftm;i,faeav
onf/ odkYaomf tm;ravQmhwrf; aeYpOfaeYwdkif; a&rSefrSefavmif;aeavonf/
ajcmufvjynfhaomtcg vli,fvl&G,frsm;onf t&Guf? tyGifh a0a0qmqmESifh
opfyifudk,fpDjzifh eef;&ifjyifwGif pka0;aeMuonf/ tjcm;olrsm;\ vSya0qmaeaom
opfyifrsm;udkMunfhNyD; armifvl½kd;av; pdwftm;i,faeavawmhonf/ bk&ifBuD;vnf;
rSL;rwfAdkvfygNcH&Hvsuf eef;&ifjyifudk <ua&mufvmNyD; vli,frsm;BudK;pm;pdkufysKd;xm;aom
opfyifrsm;udk vSnfhvnfMunfh½IMuonf/ armifvl½kd;a&SUa&mufaomtcg ]]tarmif
vkvif uREfkyfay;wJhopfaphudk rpdkufysKd;bl;vm; rif;om;rjzpfcsifbl;xifw,f}}[kajym
aomtcg ]]t&Sifrif;BuD; ay;oem;vdkufaomopfaphudk uRefawmfrsKd;BudK;pm; pdkufysKd;
aomfvnf; tyifjzpfrvmyg/ t&Sifrif;BuD;\ om;awmftjzpf arG;pm;cHvdkaomfvnf;
uRefawmfrsKd; rnfodkYrQ rwwfEdkifyg}} [k avQmufxm;avonf/ xdktcg bk&ifBuD;u
]]tarmifvkvifwdkY uREkfyfay;vdkufwJhopfaphawG[m tyifraygufEdkifatmif pDrHxm;wJh
opfaphawGomjzpfw,f/ oifwdkY&JU½kd;om;rIudk prf;oyfvdkwJhtwGuf 'Dvakd qmif&u G &f
jcif;jzpfw,f/ wdik ;f jynfut kd yk cf sKy&f ol jynf&h iS rf if;qdw
k m ½kd;om;ajzmifrh wfzdkY vdktyfw,f/
'gaMumifh armifvl½kd;av;udk om;awmftjzpfarG;pm;NyD; tdrfa&SUrif;tjzpf wifajr§mufvdkuf
w,f}}[k aMunmvdkufavonf/
9
(u) armifvl½kd;onf tb,faMumifh tdrfa&SUrif;tjzpf wifajr§mufcHcJh&oenf;/
(c) ½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfpGm aexdkif&eftb,faMumifh ta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
(*) atmifjrifaomb0wpfck wnfaqmufEikd &f ef ½kd;om;ajzmifrh wfjcif;tjyif tjcm;rnfonfh
t&m vdktyfoenf;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
½k;d om;ajzmifhrwfjcif;qdkif&mtqdkrsm;
atmufygtqdkwdkYudk oifrnfodkYem;vnfygoenf;/
(u) ]]olYudkrrSm;?rvSnfhpm;ESifh? pum;pjrnf? jrGufonfpp? ajymorQudkrSefvSap}}
(&Sifr[m&|om& qkH;rpm aumufEkwfcsuf)
(c) ]]½dk;om;ajzmihfrwfjcif;onf taumif;qHk;rl0g'jzpfonf/}}
(bif*srif z&efUuvif)
(*) ]]½d;k om;ajzmifrh wfjcif;onf wpfpw
kH pfa,mufu apmifMh unfrh aeonfw h ikd f rSeu
f efonfh
t&mudk jyKvkyfjcif;yifjzpfonf/}}
(pDtufpfvl;0pf)
(C) ]]oabmrwlnaD Mumif;udk ½kd;om;yGiv hf if;pGmajymjcif;onf wd;k wufrt
I wGuf vu©Pm
aumif; jzpfonf/}}
(r[wår*E´D)
atmufygZ,m;wGif azmfjyxm;aom ½d;k om;ajzmifrh wfo\

l t&nftaoG;rsm;udk avhvmyg/
oif\aeYpOfb0wGif rnfodkYtoHk;jyKrnfudk aqG;aEG;yg/
½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfol\ t&nftaoG;rsm; aeYpOfb0wGif tok;H jyK&rnfeh nf;vrf;rsm;
rSefuefpGmajymqdkjcif;
wm0ef,lwwfjcif;
rdb? q&m? touft&G,fBuD;olrsm;udk

½kdaoav;pm;rI&Sdjcif; ½kdaopGmqufqHjcif;
rQwrI&Sdjcif;
,kHMunftm;udk;xdkufjcif;
--------------------------- ---------------------------
--------------------------- ---------------------------
10
½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfol\t&nftaoG;rsm;
½dk; om;ajzmifhrwfolwpfOD;onf rSefuefonf[k ,HkMunfonfhbufwGif &yfwnfNyD;
wefz;kd &SdpGm aexdik w
f wfojl zpfonf/ tajymESit hf vkyu f ukd n
f pD mG aqmif&uG af vh&o dS nf/rSm;,Gi;f onf
[k odxm;aomtvkyrf sm;udv k nf; aqmif&u G jf cif;rjyKay/ rdru d ,
kd w
f ikd Ef iS hf olwpfyg;udk av;pm;
wwfNy;D ½dk;om;pGmqufqaH vh&o dS nf/ yGivhf if;jrifomrI&o dS nf/ ,HMk unfxu kd of nf/ vdrn f mjcif;?
cdk;,ljcif;rsm;r&Sad y/ trSew
f &m;udo k m ajymqdak vh&SdNyD; wpfpw kH pfa,muf\ a'goxGurf ?I pdwyf surf I
rsm;ESifh BuHKawGU&onfhwdkif [efaqmifrIr&SdbJ rSefuefpGmaqmif&Gufavh&Sdonf/
(u) oifhudk ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfol[k tjcm;olrsm;u ,HkMunfygu rnfodkYcHpm;&ygoenf;/
(c) tjcm;olrsm;u oifhudk ½dk;om;pGmrqufqHygu oifrnfodkYcHpm;&ygoenf;/
(*) ½dk;om;ajzmifrh wfow
l pfO;D jzpfvmap&ef rnfuohJ Ykd usiBhf uaH exdik &f rnfenf;/ oli,fcsi;f
rsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;í usifhBuHaexdkif&rnfhtjyKtrl? tajymtqdkrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/
jzpf&yfavhvmjcif;
ausmfausmfonf ausmif;tm;upm;uGif;wGif oli,fcsif;rsm; abmvHk;upm;ae
onfudkawGUonf/ oli,fcsif;rsm;onf ausmfausmfESifh tvGefcifrifMuolrsm; jzpfMu
onf/ upm;Ny;D aomtcg ]]'DabmvH;k ud, k ol mG ;&atmif? ausmif;rSm abmvHk;awG trsm;Bu;D
&Sw
d myJ}}[k ajymoHMum;vku d o
f nf/ aemufwpfaeY ausmif;wufcsed w f iG f q&mu abmvH;k
aysmufojzihf vduk &f mS aeonfukd awGUvdu
k of nf/ ausmaf usmuf kd awGUaomtcg q&mu
]]abmvHk;wpfvHk;aysmufoGm;vdkY awGUrdao;vm;}}[k ar;onf/ xdktcg ausmfausmfrnfodkY
ajz&rSef; rodjzpfaeonf/
(1) jzpf&yfwGif ausmfausmftwGuf trSefw&m;udk ajym&efcufcJonf[k xifygovm;/
tb,faMumifhenf;/
(2) oifom ausmfausmfqdkvQif rnfuJhodkY jyKvkyfrnfenf;/
(u) oli,fcsif;rsm;tm; abmvHk;udkolYae&moljyefxm;&efajymrnf/
(c) q&muar;aomtcg trSeftwdkif;ajymrnf/
(*) rod[efaqmifaernf/
11
t"dutcsufrsm;
ausmif;om;rsm;onf ½dk;om;ajzmifrh wfpmG usiBhfuaH jymqdak exdik &f efvt kd yfonf/
½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfol\ t&nftaoG;rsm;udk avhvmNyD;aeYpOf b0wGifvdkufemusifhoHk;
oifhonf/
cufcaJ omtajctaersm;udk &ifqikd Bf uKH awGU&onfw h ikd f ½dk;om;ajzmifrh wfruI o
kd m OD;pm;ay;&
rnfjzpfonf/
atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk a&;om;ajzqdkyg/
(1) ½d;k om;ajzmifrh wfol wpfO;D wGi&f Sdaom t&nftaoG;rsm;teuf oift
h wGuf ta&;Bu;D qH;k
(5)ck ukdazmfjyyg/
(2) ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfolrsm;\ t&nftaoG;rsm;teuf oifhwGif rnfonfht&nftcsif;rsm;
&Sdygoenf;/
(3) ½dk;om;pGmaexdik &f efcufco
J nfhtajctaersKd ;ESiBhfuKH awGUvmyguoifrnfoaYkd jz&Si;f rnfenf;/
oifcef;pm(1.4) at;csrf;om,m rdom;pkurÇm

rdom;pk0if odrYk [kwf rdom;pkuo hJ Ykd twlwuG aexdik Mf uoltcsi;f csi;f qufq&H mwGif
,Ofaus;odrfarGUaomtjyKtrl? tajymtqdkrsm;jzifhqufqHjcif;? tjyeftvSef½dkao
av;pm;rI&jdS cif;ESihf cspcf ifjrwfE;kd wefz;kd xm;wwfjcif;jzifh at;csr;f om,maom rdom;pk
b0udk &&SdapEdkifonf/
12
(u) cspfcifjrwfEdk;zG,f trltusifhaumif;rsm;

aEG;axG;&dyfNrHK
taztar tbdk;tbGm;eJY
aqGrsKd;rsm;udkav;pm;yg/
tpfudktpfrudk arwåmxm;awmh
om;vS nDcspfMuifempGm/
wpfOD;udkwpfOD; az;ulMuvdkY
at;wlylrQaEG;axG;rSm/
pm;p&m&Sd&if a0umrQvdkY
nDwl&Tifyspm;Muyg/
wpfa,mufrtm;&if ½kdif;yif;MuvdkY
tcsif;csif;rdkY ulnDyg/
tjypfr,l cGifhvTwfjcif;eJY
rSm;,Gif;&Sdu onf;cHyg/
BuD;i,farmifESr cspfMunfMuvdkY
ESpf&Snfvrsm; aysmf&TifpGm/
tjyeftvSef apmifha&Smufay;vdkY
rdom;pkav; aysmfp&m/
aeMuyg . . .aeMuyg/
jrwfEdk;(armfwifpGef;)
atmufygwdkYudkaqG;aEG;ajzqdkyg/
(u) vlBuD;rdbrsm;udk rnfodkY qufqH&rnfenf;/
(c) rdrd\nDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;udk rnfodkYqufqHoifhoenf;/
(*) rdrEd iS t
hf wlwuG aexdik Mf uolrsm;ESihf qufq&H mwGif jyKro
l ifah omtrltusirhf sm;udak zmfjyyg/
13
(c) arwåmw&m;udk rdom;pkwGifvufawGUusifhokH;jcif;

tkyfpzk UJG o½kyfaqmifjcif;
cspcf ifjrwfE;kd zG,&f m trltusirhf sm;udk vufawGUusio
hf ;Hk jcif;jzifh at;csr;f om,maom
rdom;pkwpfpkudk o½kyfaqmifjyyg/
t"dutcsuf
rdom;pk0iftcsi;f csi;f cspcf ifMuifemrI&jdS cif;? em;vnfjcif;? onf;cHciG v
hf w
T w
f wfjcif;? ½kd;om;
yGivhf if;rI&jdS cif;ESihf ulnw
D wfjcif;jzifh at;csr;f om,maom rdom;pkb0udk wnfaqmuf
Edkifonf/
atmufygar;cGef;udka&;om;ajzqdkyg/
(1) rdom;pk0iftcsi;f csi;f qufq&H mwGif ajymqdjk yKr&l rnfh cspcf ifjrwfE;kd zG,f trltusiahf umif;
rsm;teuf ta&;Bu;D qk;H [k oifxifaomtrltusihf 3 ckuakd zmfjyyg/ tb,faMumifh
V %# W X _`*{~$
tcef;(1)wGif oif,lcJhonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfyg/

rdom;pktwGif; ,Ofaus;jcif; ½dak oav;pm;0wå&m;
vlrIusifh0wf
½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif; at;csrf;om,m rdom;pkurÇm
14
tcef;(2)
tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0ef
vlom;wpf a ,muf t aejzifh vl Y t cG ifht a&;rsm;ud k

rnfolurQ ydwfyifwm;qD;cGifhr&SdbJ b0wpfavQmufvHk;wGif
cHpm;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdom;pkwiG jf zpfap?
ausmif;wGijf zpfap? pmoifcef;wGijf zpfap? ywf0ef;usiw f iG jf zpfap
vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;udk cHpm;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ vlYtcGifh ta&;rsm;udk
od&Sdxm;oifhouJhodkY tcGifhta&;udkcHpm;NyD; wm0efrsm;udkvnf;
ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmifMu&rnf/ þtcef;wGif rdrw d &Ykd &SEd ikd af om
tcGithf a&;rsm;ESihf xrf;aqmif&rnfh wm0efrsm;udk avhvmoif,l
Mu&rnf/
þtcef;NyD;vQif ausmif;om;rsm;onf atmufygwdkYudk
vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0ef\t"dyÜm,fudk &Sif;jywwfrnf/
rdom;pk\t"dyÜm,fESifh rdom;pktwGif; wm0efcGJa0,l
jcif;onf ta&;BuD;aMumif;&Sif;jywwfrnf/
rdom;pktwGif; rdrdwdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk azmfjyEdkifNyD;
wm0ef,lrIrsm;ESifh tcef;u@rsm;udk cGJjcm;wwfvmrnf/
ausmif;ürdrdwdkY&&SdoifhaomtcGifhta&;rsm;udk azmfxkwf
EdkifNyD; xdktcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh twl,SOfwGJaeaom wm0ef
rsm;udv k nf; vufawGUb0wGif aqmif&u G wf wfvmrnf/
rdrdEdkifiHudk cspfjrwfE;kd wefzdk;xm;NyD; bdk;bGm;tarGtESpf
rsm;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ef rdrdwdkYwGif tjynfht0
wm0ef&SdaMumif; od&Sdem;vnfí wm0ef,pl w d rf sm;jzpfay:
vmrnf/
15
oifcef;pm(2.1) tcGit
hf a&;ESiw
hf m0ef rdwq
f uf
ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\tcGifhta&;rsm;udk od&Sdxm;&efvdktyfonf/
tcGit
hf a&;ESiw
hf m0efonf oD;jcm;pD&yfwnfaejcif;r[kwbf J tjyeftvSef trSw
D u
H jJ yKaeMuonf/
tcGit
hf a&;rsm;ESit
hf wl wm0efrsm;udkvnf; ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmif&eff vdktyfonf/
od&Sdxm;&rnfh t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm;
tcGifhta&;
tcGit hf a&;qdo
k nfrmS trsKd ;om;jzpfap? trsK;d orD;jzpfap? i,fonfjzpfap? Bu;D onfjzpfap?
csr;f omonfjzpfap? qif;&Jonfjzpfap aemufct H ajctae odkYr[kwf ,kMH unfrrI sm;udk rcGjJ cm;bJ
vltm;vkH; rQa0&,lEdkifaomt&mjzpfonf/
wm0ef
wm0efqdkonfrSm rdrdukd,fwkdifu vkyfaqmif&rnf[k cH,lod&Sdxm;aom aqmif&Guf
&rnfhtvkyfjzpfonf/
atmufygyHrk sm;udak vhvmípOf;pm;aqG;aEG;yg/ rnfonft

h cGit
hf a&;rsm; &&So
d enf;/
rnfonft
h cGit
hf a&;rsm; qk;H ½IH;aeygoenf;/
16
17
atmufygwdkYwGif tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0eftcsKdUudk erlemazmfjyxm;ygonf/
(1) (u)
uav;rsm;onf tdrf? ausmif;ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;atmif wwfpGrf;orQ

rnfonfhae&mwGifrqdk oefY&Sif;aom aqmif&Guf&efwm0ef&Sdonf/
ywf0ef;usifwGif aexdkifcGifh&Sdonf/
(2) (c)
uav;rsm;onf ynmoif,lcGifh&Sdonf/ wwfpGrf;orQBudK;pm;oif,l&efESifh

oli,fcsif;rsm;udk vdktyfygu
ulnDoifjy&efwm0ef&Sdonf/
(3) (*)
uav;rsm;onf vGwfvyfpGm tjcm;olrsm;\ tawG;tac:ESifht,ltqudk

awG;ac:,lqydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ av;pm;&efwm0ef&Sdonf/
18
(4) (C)
uav;rsm;onf oifhwifhrQwaom tpm;taomufrsm;udk tv[ó

tpm;tpm pm;aomufcGifh&Sdonf/ jzKef;wD;rypf&efwm0ef&Sdonf/
(5) (i)
uav;rsm;onf tyef;ajztem;,lcGifh? tjcm;olrsm;udv k nf; upm;jcif;ESihf

upm;cGifh? vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf/ vIy&f mS ;aqmif&u
G rf rI sm;wGif yg0ifciG jhfyK&efwm0ef&o
dS nf/
(6) (p)
uav;rsm;onf usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI rdrdukd,fudk*½kpdkufaexdkif&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/

cH,lcGifh&Sdonf/
19
jzpf&yfavhvmjcif;
nrDav;u ausmi;fqi;fcsedw f iGf trdo f tYkd wl (u) 0i;f0i;fonþ
f oYkdjyKro
l iyhfgovm;/
jye&fef 0i;f0i;fukd ausmi;fa&USwiGafpmiahfeon/f (c) 0i;f0i;fa&;Gcs,vf u
kd afom tjyKtr\l
0i;f0i;fonf oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifh ausmi;fqi;fcsedf tusKd;qufonf rnfodkYjzpfvmEdkif
wiGu f pm;uiG;fütwu l pm;vo kd n/fxaYkdMumihf oenf;/
nrDav;ukd owrd&awmb h J oil,cfsi;frsm;EiShf
em&D0ufcefY upm;aerdonf/
a0rdk;onf oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifhtwl upm;uGif; (u) a0r;kd\q;HkjzwcfsurfeSu f eyfgovm;/
wGif abmvHk;uefaeonf/ olYtaru nae tb,faMumifhenf;/
6 em&DwGif rdom;pkpkHpkHnDnD xrif;pm;Murnf[k (c) a0r;kdont f rdjfyerfvmbJ oil,cfsi;f
rSmvdkufonf/ nae 6 em&D xdk;cgeD;wGif rsm;EiShf upm;aeygu rno f jYkdzpv
f m
oil,cfsi;frsm;u tjcm;upm;en;fwprfsKd;upm; Edkifoenf;/
rnf[k ajymonf/ ,cktcsdef tdrfodkYrjyefvQif
npmxri;f0ikd;fukd rrDnrf[w k afy/ a0r;kdtrdo
f Ykd
jyefvmonf/
oi;foi;fonf ausmi;fyw d &fuw f ikd;fwiGf tbmG; (u) oif;oif; vkyf&yf rSefuefygovm;/
trdof Ydk trdo
f e&YfiS;fa&; un l vD ykuf ikd&fef omG;avh tb,faMumifhenf;/ oifqdkvQif
&Sdonff/ xdkaeYwGif rdk;onf;xefpGm &Gmaeaom rnfodkY jyKrlrnfenf;/
aMumihf tbmG;trdo f Ykd romG;vakdy/ oaYkdomrf;kdum (c) oif;oif; a½G;cs,fvdkufaom
tusÐ0wfNyD; tbmG;tdrfodkYxGufvmcJhonf/ tjyKtrl\tusKd;qufukdcefYrSef;
Munfhyg/
ouyfikdtf wu G f ar;Gaev
Y uafqmit f jzpf rb
d (u) ouyfikdw f iGf rno f nw
hf m0ef
rsm;u pub f ;Dwppf;D vuafqmi0f,afy;on/f &o
dS en;f/
pub f ;Dukd ½½kdakdoao to;kHjyK&erfmSxm;on/f (c) oufydkif\ vkyf&yfaMumifh
wpfaeYü pufbD;udk vrf;ay:wGif &yx f m;cNhJy;D tusKd;qufonf
oil,cfsi;frsm;EiShf upm;aeon/f rno f jYkdzpvf mEikdo
f en;f/
xpkdOf um;wpfpD;u pufbD;udk 0ifwdkufonf/
t"dutcsufrsm;
uav;oli,fwdkif;onf touf&Sifoef&ef? zUHGNzdK;wdk;wuf&ef? umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI
&&Sd&efESifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;wGif yg0ifqufcHcGifh&&Sd&ef tcGifhta&;rsm;&Sdonf/
uav;oil,rfsm;wiGf tciGt hf a&;rsm;EiSt
hf wl xr;faqmi&frnhf wm0erfsm;vn;f&odS n/f
20
(1) tcGifhta&;qdkaompum;&yfudk oifrnfodkYem;vnfoenf;/
(2) wm0efqdkaompum;&yfudk oifrnfodkYem;vnfoenf;/
(3) uav;rsm;twGuf rnfonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;&&Sd&efvdktyfoenf;/
(4) xdktcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh avsmfnDaom aqmif&Guf&rnfhwm0efrsm;udkazmfjyyg/
oifcef;pm(2.2) rdom;pktwGif; tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0efrsm;

rdom;pkwpfpkaexdkif&m tdrfaxmifpkwpfckonf vlwdkYaexdkif&m &yfuGufi,f
wpfckuJhodkYyifjzpfonf/ rdom;pk0if tenf;trsm;omvQifuGmjcm;onf/ rdom;pk0if
wo
Ykd nf rrdw d &Ykdoi&hfxu
kd afom tciGt
hf a&;rsm;ukd &&o
dS io
hf uo
hJ Ykd wm0e0fw&åm;rsm;
udkvnf; ausyGefMu&rnf/ odkYrSom csrf;ajrUaysmf½TifzG,faumif;aom rdom;pkwpfckjzpf
vmayrnf/
atmufygwdkYudk pOf;pm;aq;GaEG;yg/
rdbwdkYonf om;orD;wdkYtwGuf rnfonfht&mrsm; vkyfaqmifay;oifhoenf;/
om;orD;wdkYonf rdbwdkYtwGuf rnfonfht&mrsm; vkyfaqmifay;oifhoenf;/
rdom;pktwGif; arG;prS,aeYxd&&SdcJhaomtcGifhta&;rsm;udk aqG;aE;Gyg/
tyef;ajz
tem;,lcGifh
rdom;pktwGif;
arG;prS,aeYxd&&SdcJhaom
tcGifhta&;rsm;
ab;uif;vkHNcHKcGifh
21
txufygtcGifhta&;rsm;twGuf rnfonfhwm0ef0wå&m;rsm; &Sdygoenf;/

arG;prS,aeYxd&&SdcJhaomtcGifhta&;rsm; wm0efrsm;
-------------------------------- ------------------------
-------------------------------- ------------------------
-------------------------------- ------------------------
aysmfp&maumif;aom rdom;pk
a0,HwrYkd od m;pk\tdru f av;onf crf;em;xnf0grIr&Sv d aS omfvnf; oyfoyf&yf&yf
ESifh aecsifhpzG,fav;tjzpf wnf&Sdaeygonf/ a0,H\zcifrSm ½Hk;0efxrf;wpfOD;jzpfNyD;?
rdcifrmS q&mrwpfO;D jzpfygonf/ rrBu;D onf e0rwef;? rri,fonf t|rwef;? a0,Honf
q|rwef;wdkYwGif toD;oD;ynmoif,laeMuygonf/
eHeuftyd &f mrSxNy;D a0,HwaYkd rmifErS (3)a,mufonf ausmif;oifcef;pm?avhusichf ef;
rsm;aqG;aEG;Muonf/ xdt k csed wf iG f azazESiahf raronf rdom;pktwGuf xrif;[if;rsm;udk
jyifqifcsufjyKwfygonf/ araronf tm[m&rQwap&eftwGuf aeYtvdu k t f om;? ig;ESihf
[if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;udk Z,m;qGJícsufavh&Sdonf/ aps;zdk;tukeftusoufomap&efEiS hf
"mwkaq;0g;tEÅ&m,frS uif;a0;ap&eftwGuf jc0H if;xJwiG f oD;yifpm;yifrsm;udk azazu
pdu
k yf sKd ;xm;ygonf/
azaz½k;H rSjyefvmonft h cg a0,HEiS t
hf wl jcH0if;xJ&Sdtyifrsm;udk a&avmif;aygif;oif
ygonf/ rri,fu ausmif;rSjyefvmonfEiS hf tdro f efY&iS ;f a&;vkyNf y;D t0wfavQmfygonf/
rrBu;D u ararESit hf wl naepmjyifqifNy;D azazu yef;uefulaq; ay;ygonf/
a0,HwrYkd o d m;pk\ csppf &maumif;onfh tavhtxrSm rdom;pkpv kH ifrS npmudk
twlwuGpm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ rdom;pk0iftcsif;csif; cspfcifrI&SdNyD; wpfOD;udkwpfOD;
tjyeftvSefav;pm;Muonf/ rdr\ d wm0efukd ausyeG pf mG xrf;aqmifMuojzifh aysmpf &m
aumif;aomrdom;pkav;tjzpf wnf&Sdaeygonf/
atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udkaqG;aEG;yg/
(1) a0,HwdkYrdom;pk\aeYpOfwm0efrsm;udkazmfjyyg/
(2) a0,HwdkYrdom;pkonf aysmfp&maumif;aomrdom;pk jzpfygovm;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
(3) oifonfoif\tdrfwGif rnfonfhwm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif&ygoenf;/
(4) rdrd\wm0efudkausyGefatmifxrf;aqmif&efvdktyfygovm;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
(5) oifonfwm0efudk ausyGefatmifaqmif&Gufzl;ygovm;/ xdkodkYaqmif&GufNyD;onfhtcg
oif\pddwfwGif rnfuJhodkYcHpm;&ygoenf;/
22
jzpf&yfavhvmjcif;
jzpf&yf(1)
atmifatmif\ tjzpfcsiq f ;kH qEúakd jymygqdv
k Qif tif*sief ,
D mBu;D wpfa,mufjzpfcsif
ygonf/ atmifatmif\azazrSm bPfrefae*smjzpfí ararrSm q&m0efjzpfygonf/ atmifatmif
onf wHwm;Bu;D rsm;? taqmufttHBk u;D rsm; aqmufvyk cf siaf Mumif;ajymjyonft h cg azazu
oabmwlacgif;ndwo f nf/ araru atmifatmifukd q&m0efjzpfapcsio f nf/ odaYk omf atmifatmif
qEóabmtwdkif;BudK;pm;yg[k wdkufwGef;tm;ay;onf/
jzpf&yf(2)
ausmfausmfonf AE¨Kvtoif;\ ydkufausmfjcif; vufa&G;pifupm;orm;wpfOD;jzpf
onf/ ausmif;wGif;NydKifyGJwGif taumif;qHk;qkudk&&Sdojzifh NrdKUe,ftqifhNydKifyGJodkY oGm;a&muf
,SOfNydKif&rnfjzpfonf/ ausmif;pmrsm;wGif ausmfausmftm;enf;rnfpdk;&drfojzifh araru
olYukd tm;upm;NydKifyGJoYdk roGm;oifhaMumif;ajymonf/
jzpf&yf(3)
pkpkonf ausmif;(3)&ufydwfojzifh rdom;pkESifhtwl tyef;ajzc&D;oGm;csifaMumif;ajym
onf/ pkpk\azazESifhararonf tvkyfrtm;ojzifh tyef;ajzc&D;udk roGm;apcsifao;yg/
azazESifharar rtm;vQif BuD;BuD;u vdkufydkYay;rnf[k ajymonf/
jzpf&yfrsm;udkavhvmí avhusifhcef;pmtkyfwGif a&;om;yg/
jzpf&yf qHk;jzwfcsuf taMumif;jycsuf qDavsmfrI&Sd?r&Sd
(1)
(2)
(3)
tjcm;
23
csrf;ajrUaysmf&TifzG,faumif;aom rdom;pkwpfpktjzpfZmwf[efcif;usif;yg/
t"dutcsufrsm;
rdom;pktwGif; tcGifhta&;rsm;udk od&SdNyD; tjcm;olrsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udkvnf;
wefzdk;xm;&ef vdt k yfonf/
wm0efopd wd &f &Sd ef? wm0efrsm;udk cGJa0,lwwf&efEiS hf rdrw
d m0efukd ausyeG pf mG xrf;aqmif
wwf&ef tvGet f a&;Bu;D onf/ odrYk oS m uav;rsm;onf wm0efausyeG af om om;aumif;?
orD;aumif;rsm; jzpfvmMurnf/
(1) rdom;pkwpfpkwGif wm0efrsm;udk tb,faMumifh cGJa0,loifhoenf;/
(2) rdom;pkwGifwm0efcGJa0,lonfhtwGuf rnfonfhtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;&&Sdygoenf;/
(3) rdom;pkwpfpkwGif &Sdoifhonfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk azmfjyyg/
oifcef;pm(2.3) ausmif;om;rsm;\tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0ef
ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdr\
d tcGit
hf a&;ESiw hf m0efukd aumif;pGmem;vnfoabm
ayguf&efvdktyfonf/ ausmif;om;wdkif; wef;wlnDrQ &&SdcHpm;Edkifaomt&m tm;vkH;
onf ausmif;om;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;wGif vHkNcHKpdwfcs
&aomywf0ef;usifü ynmoif,cl iG fh? vGwvf yfpmG ajymqdak qG;aEG;cGihf ponft
h cGit
hf a&;
rsm;&So
d nf/
xdek nf;wl ausmif;aepOfumvwGif rdr&d &SdaomtcGit hf a&;rsm;ESit
hf wl ,SOw f aJG e
aomwm0efrsm;udv k nf; ausyeG pf mG xrf;aqmif&efvt kd yfonf/ wm0ef[q k &kd mü olwpf
yg;\apcdik ;f rI rygbJ rdr\d todpw d jf zifh vkyaf qmifwwfaom tavhtusiu hf qkd v
kd o
kd nf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh rdrdvyk af qmifaomtvkyw f pfcu
k kd taumif;qH;k jzpfajrmufatmif
*½kwpdu
k f aqmif&u G jf cif;yifjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;onf ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;ü
yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;? q&mrsm;udk ½dak oav;pm;pGmqufqjH cif;? rdr\ d pGr;f &nfukd od&dS
em;vnfNyD; xl;cRefxufjrufatmif tpOfBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif;ponfh wm0efrsm;udk
ausyGefatmifaqmif½GufMu&rnf/ odkYrSom wm0efodNyD; wm0ef,lwwfaom EdkifiHhom;
aumif;rsm; jzpfvmEdkifayrnf/
24
atmufygwdkYudk aqG;aEG;yg/
(1) ausmif;om;wpfa,mufwGif rnfonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;&Sdoenf;/ oifawG;rdorQudk
atmufazmfjyygykHwGifjznfhyg/
w&m;rQwrI
ausmif;om;
wpfa,muf\ tcrJh
ynmoif,lrI
tcGifhta&;rsm;
aEG;axG;rI
(2) ynmoif,cl iG &hf &Sad om ausmif;om;wpfa,mufwiG f rnfonfw

h m0efrsm;&So
d enf;/
oifawG;rdorQudk atmufazmfjyygykHwGifjznfhyg/
pnf;urf; ausmif;oef&Y iS ;f a&;

vdkufem&rnf/ wGif yg0if&rnf/
ausmif;om;wpfa,muf\
wm0efrsm;
ausmif;rSerf eS f
wuf&rnf/
25
(3) atmufazmfjyygZ,m;rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk avsmfnDaomwm0efrsm;ESifh

,SOfwGJyg/
tcGifhta&; wm0ef
(u) vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkcGifh&Sdonf/ (1) cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;rIrS a&SmifMuOf&rnf/
(c) vkHNcKHat;csrf;pGm ynmoif,lcGifh&Sdonf/ (2) trIdurf sm;udk trIu d yf ;Hk wGix
f nf&h rnf/
(*) oifcef;pmESiyhf wfoufí odvo kd nfrsm;udk (3) olwpfyg; xdcu kd ef pfemaprnfh tajym
ar;jref;cGi&hf o
dS nf/ tqdkrsm;udk a&SmifMuOf&rnf/
(C) oef&Y iS ;f aomausmif;ywf0ef;usiw f iG f ynm (4) olwpfyg;xdcu kd ef pfemaprnfh tjyKtrl
oif,cl iG fh&Sdonf/ rsm;udk a&SmifMuOf&rnf/
(i) use;f rma&;apmifah &Smufr&I &S&d ef tcGit hf a&; (5) q&m? q&mrrsm;\ oifMum;jyorIukd
&Sdonf/ *½kwpdkufem;axmif&rnf/
(p) oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifh upm;cGifh&Sdonf/ (6) rdrd\ usef;rma&;udk *½kpdkuf&rnf/
(7) ausmif;rSefrSefwuf&rnf/
(8) ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0if
aqmif&Guf&rnf/
(4) atmufyg0gusrsm;udk t"dyÜm,fjynfhfpkHatmifjznfhpGufyg/

(u) uREkfyfwGif ab;uif;vHkNcHKrI&Sdaompmoifcef;ü ynmoif,lcGifh&SdNyD; .........
................................ wm0ef&Sdygonf/
(c) uREkfyfwGif pmoifcef;ü xifjrifcsufrsm;udkwifjycGifh&SdNyD; ................
.. .....................wm0ef&Sdygonf/
(*) uREkfyfwGif t&nftaoG;jynfh0aomynma&;udk oif,lcGifh&SdNyD; .............
............................ wm0ef&Sdygonf/
(C) uREkfyfwGif wef;wlnDrQqufqHcH&cGifh&SdNyD;..........................
............................ wm0ef&Sdygonf/
(i) uREkfyfwGif ausmif;pmMunfhwdkuf&Sdpmtkyfrsm;udk zwf½IcGifh&SdNyD; .............
................................ wm0ef&Sdygonf/
26
(5) ausmif;üusif;yaom tcrf;tem;wpfckwGif rnfodkYyg0ifaqmif&GufMurnfudk oli,fcsif;

rsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;í o½kyfaqmifyg/
t"dutcsufrsm;
ausmif;om;wdkif; wef;wlnDrQ&&SdcHpm;Edkifaomt&mtm;vkH;onf ausmif;om;rsm;\
tcGifhta&;jzpfonf/
rdr&
d &SdaomtcGit hf a&;ESihftwl,OS w
f aGJ eaomwm0efrsm;udkausyeG pf mG aqmif&u
G Mf u&rnf/
rdrdudk,frdrd wefzdk;xm;NyD; rdrdtusdK;? trsm;tusdK;udk aqmif&Gufwwfaomtavhtx
aumif;rsm;&Sd&rnf/
toif;tzJGUrsm;ESifhvkyfaqmifwwfNyD; rdrdwm0efudkausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifwwfaom
tavhtusifhaumif;rsm;&Sd&rnf/
(1) ]ausmif;om;rsm;\tcGifhta&;}udk rnfodkYem;vnfoenf;/
(2) ausmif;om;wpfa,mufwGif rnfonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;&Sdoenf;/
(3) ]ausmif;om;rsm;\wm0ef}udk rnfodkYem;vnfoenf;/
(4) ausmif;om;wpfa,mufwGif rnfonfhwm0efrsm;&Sdoenf;/
(5) oifonf tcGifhta&;rsm;tay:wm0ef,ljcif;r&Sdygu rnfodkYjzpfvmEkdifoenf;/
oifcef;pm(2.4) wdkYcspfwJhwdkYEdkifiH
uReyfk wf EYkd ikd if o
H nf w&m;rQwjcif;? vGwv f yfjcif;? Nird ;f csr;f jcif;? Edik if o
H m;tm;vH;k
wef;wl tcGit hf a&;&&Sdjcif;ESih½df k;&m,Ofaus;rItarGtESprf sm;&Sdaomwdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d aygif;pHk
aexdik o f nfh jynfaxmifpo k r®w jrefrmEdik if aH wmfjzpfygonf/ þEdik if w H iG f rSDwif;aexdik af om
Edik if o
H m;tm;vH;k Edkifiu H ckd spjf rwfE;kd Ny;D Edik if aH wmfwnfwcHh ikd fNrJa&;twGuf xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf
&ef wm0ef&ySd gonf/
uREyfk w
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,Ofaus;rI? "avhx;kH pHrsm;vnf;½So d nfh Edik if w H pfEikd if jH zpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHudk
cspjf rwfE;kd wefzdk;xm;Ny;D ½dk;&mtarGtESprf sm;udk aysmufu, G yf supf ;D jcif;r½Sad tmif xde;f odr;f
umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ygrnf/ Edik if HhtusK;d udk wufnv D ufnx D rf;aqmifMu&rnfrmS Edik if o H m;
tm;vH;k \ wm0efjzpfygonf/
27
jzpf&yfavhvmjcif;
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pkpw k &Ykd yfuuG o
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&yfuu G o f &l yfuu G o
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twGuf y&[dwvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&GufMuonf/
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ajrmif;rsm;wGif trdIurf sm;ESihf jynfv
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oufqdkif&modkY taMumif;Mum;jcif;r&Sdyg/ jcHpnf;½dk;rsm;ysufpD;í vrf;bufodkYz½dkz&Jjzpfaeonf/
(u) jzpf&yfESpfckteuf rnfolwdkY\&yfuGufwGif aexdkifvdkygoenf;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
(c) rdrdwdkYaexdkifaom&yf&Gm at;csrf;om,mvSywnfwahH &;onf rnfolwdkY\wm0efjzpf
oenf;/
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k Ykd yg0if
aqmif&GufonfhtwGuf rnfodkYcHpm;&oenf;/
28
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F vm vm vm armifESrrsm; nDñGwfjcif;tem*wfudk
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aysmf&TifNidrf;csrf;pGmysHoef;pdkYav
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wpfO;D ESiw
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awmifw h if;cdkirf mNy;D oefU&Si;f oyf&yfí aecsipf zG,af umif;onf/ tdru f av;udk jrifawGU&olwikd ;f u
oabmusEpS Nf cKd uNf y;D tcsKUd u þuJo h tYkd rd u
f av;rsKd;udk ydkiq
f ikd cf siMf uonf/
29
atmufygwdkYudk aqG;aEG;yg/
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(c) bd;k bGm;tarGtESpf rysupf ;D ? raysmufysuaf tmif xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf&ef rnfow
l w
Ykd iG f
wm0ef&Sdoenf;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
atmufyg uAsmudkzwfí t"dutcsufrsm;udk xkwfEkwfyg/ oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;í

ydkpwmwpfckjyKvkyfyg/
bd;k arG bGm;arG
F MumavMumav F þawmþcGif? þopfyifvnf;
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½kdaojrwfEdk;? qxufwdk;í bdk;bGm; pwifpdkufcJh\/
weffzdk;xm;rdygonfwum;/ F þqnfþajrmif;? þjrpfacsmif;ESifh
F þwdkif; þjynf? þXmeDum; ausmif;uefbk&m;? apwDrsm;wkdY
bdk;bGm;pOfquf? tbufbufrS rsm;jym;vSpGm? tHhp&mwnfh
toufay;um? wnfaxmifygí arwåmBuD;rm;? apwemxm;í
ckdifrmwnfNrJ &Sdae\/ bdk;bGm; wnfaqmufcJhMu\/
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aqmuftHkrsm;vnf; &ifrSarwåm? apwemESifh
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F þv,fþuGif;? þ,mcif;vnf; &J&ifhtm;rmef? ZmwdrmefESifh
BuD;pGmvHkYv? Oó[jzifh pGrf;ÓPfowåd? wkdY0,f&Sdonf
x<uvIyf½Sm;? raeem;bJ bdk;\ bGm;\ tarGrsm;/ /

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30
t"dutcsufrsm;
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H kd cspjf rwfE;kd Ny;D &yf&mG tusKd ;? Edkiif t
H usKd ;o,fy;kd xrf;aqmif
&rnfhwm0ef&dSonf/
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0wå&m;udk ausyGefatmifxrf;aqmifjcif;yifjzpfonf/
1/ bdk;bGm;tarGtESpfrsm;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ef rnfolwdkYwGif wm0ef&Sdoenf;/
rnfonfwdkYudk vkyfaqmifMu&rnfenf;/
2/ oifonf EdkifiHawmfudk cspfjrwfEdk;olyDyD EdkifiHawmftusKd;twGuf rnfodkY vkyfaqmifoifh
oenf;/
tcef;(2)wGif oif,lcJh&onfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfyg/
tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0ef rdom;pktwGif;
rdwfquf tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0efrsm;
ausmif;om;rsm;\ wdkYcspfwJhwdkYEdkifiH
31
tcef;(3)
pnf;urf;ESifhOya'
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rsm;udk rdom;pkwiG f pwifavhusichf MhJ u&onf/ xdaYk emuf ausmif;
rsm;wGif ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udkvdkufemjcif;jzifh pnf;urf;&Sdol
wpfOD;jzpfvmap&ef oif,l&jyefonf/ xdkYtjyif ausmif;wGif;
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;wGiyf g0ifNy;D xdt k zGJUtpnf;rsm;\ pnf;urf;rsm;udk
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oif,lEdkifonf/ pnf;urf;ESiOhf ya'rsm;udk av;pm;vdu k ef mrSom
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w&m;Oya'rsm;udk av;pm;vdkufemol wpfOD;jzpfvmonftxd
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at;csr;f aomvlUtzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfukwnf d aqmufEikd af yvdrrhf nf/
pnf;urf;qdo k nfrmS vdu k ef mapmifx h ed ;f &rnfh usif0h wf
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pnf;urf;yifjzpfonf/
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twGujf zpfap? ausmif;? vlUtzGJUtpnf;ESiEhf ikd if t
H wGujf zpfap
ta&;ygaMumif;udk&Sif;jywwfrnf/
32
oifcef;pm(3.1) ausmif;pnf;urf;ESifhpmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm;
ausmif;pnf;urf;
ausmif;pnf;urf;qdkonfrSm ausmif;om;rsm; at;csrf;vkHNcHKrIESifhbufpkHzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI
&Sad p&ef ausmif;ESiahf usmif;ywf0ef;usiw
f iG f vdu
k ef musio
fh ;kH &rnfh tjyKtrlaumif;rsm; jzpfonf/
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pmoifcef;pnf;urf;qdkonfrSm ausmif;om;rsm; oif,lrIwdk;wufap&ef pmoifcef;ESifh
pmoifcef;ywf0ef;usifwGif vdkufemusihfoHk;&rnfh tjyKtrlaumif;rsm;jzpfonf/
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ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdr\ d todpw d "f mwfjzifh ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk av;pm;vdkufem
Mu&rnf/
atmufygyHkxJ&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;pnf;urf; vdkufemolrsm;jzpfMuygovm;/
tb,faMumifhenf;/
33
ausmif;pnf;urf;ydkpwmavhvmjcif;
ausmif;pnf;urf;ESihfywfoufaom erlemydkpwmwpfckudk atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onf/
þpnf;urf;rsm;onf oifhausmif;ESifhudkufnDrI&Sdygovm;/ tkyfpkvdkuf ydkpwmudkavhvmNyD;
oifhausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh udkufnDrI&Sdr&Sd aqG;aEG;yg/ vkdtyfygu xyfrHjznfhpGufyg/
ausmif;ol?ausmif;om;rsm;vdkufem&efausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;
1/ eHeufyikd ;f jzpfap?naeydik ;f jzpfap ausmif;wufacgif;avmif;rxdk;rD ausmif;odaYk &muf&rnf/
2/ ausmif;rwufrD jyKvkyfaompka0;yGJ(Assembly)odkY rysufruGuf wufa&muf&rnf/
3/ taMumif;wpfpw Hk pf&maMumifh twef;wufcsed af emufusygu twef;ydik q f &mr odrYk [kwf
twef;wGif;&Sd q&mxH 0ifcGifhyefNyD; cGifhjyKcsuf&rS twef;wGif;odkY0if&rnf/
4/ ausmif;ysufvQif cGifhwdkif&rnf/
5/ ausmif;om;tcsi;f csi;f jzpfap? q&m?q&mrrsm;ESijhfzpfap ,Ofaus;odraf rGUpGm qufq&H rnf/
6/ ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; BuD;pOfi,fvdkufapmifha&Smuf&rnf/
7/ ausmif;taqmufttkH? y&dabm*rsm;ESifh ausmif;ydkifypönf;rsm;udk rdrdaMumifhrysufpD;
raysmufysufap&eff xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&rnf/
8/ ausmif;u tcgtm;avsmfpGm xkwfjyefaompnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufem&rnf/
9/ ausmif;om;rsm; tcsif;csif; aoG;xGufoH,dkjzpfatmifjyKvkyfjcif;? emusifapjcif;rsm;
jyKvkyfygu ausmif;rSxkwfy,fonftxd ta&;,lEdkifonf/
ausmif;twGif;aqmif&efa&Smif&efrsm;
oifhausmif;wGif rnfonfht&mrsm;udkjyKvkyfoihfNyD; rnfonfht&mrsm;udka&SmifMuOf
&rnfenf;/ tkyfpkvdkufaqG;aEG;NyD; atmufygZ,m;udkjznfhyg/
jyKvkyf&rnfht&mrsm;(aqmif&ef) rjyKvkyf&rnfht&mrsm;(a&Smif&ef)
q&m?q&mrrsm;udk csKdompGmajymqdkqufqH&rnf/ q&m?q&mrrsm;udk atmf[pfrajym&/
34
(c)pmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm;
pmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm;vdkufemjcif;
pmoifcef;wdkif;wGif pmoifcef;pnf;urf;&Sd&rnf/ xdkpnf;urf;rsm;udk twef;ydkifq&m
ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; pkaygif;csrw
S &f rnf/ pmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdu
k ef mjcif;jzifh oifah usmif;
onf pnf;urf;&Sdaom pmoifausmif;wpfausmif;jzpfvmrnf/
oifwdkYpmoifcef;wGif vdkufemusifhokH;oifhaom pmoifcef;pnf;urf;tcsKdUudk csrSwfyg/
t"duusonfhtcsuf 5 csufudk tkyfpkvdkuf a&G;cs,fyg/
½kyfykHavhvmjcif;
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l ygovm;?? tb,faMumifeh nf;/
tkypf v
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kd f avhvmaqG;aEG;yg/
35
pmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm;udkvdkufemjcif;ESihfrvdkufemjcif;wdkY\tusdK;qufrsm;
atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udktkyfpkzGJUaqG;aEG;yg/
(u) pmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufemjcif;jzifh rnfonfhtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;&&Sdrnfenf;/
(c) pmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm;udk rvdkufemjcif;jzifh rnfonfhtusdK;qufrsm;jzpfay:vm
Ekdifoenf;/
t"dutcsufrsm;
ausmif;pnf;urf;ESifh pmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm;ukd vkdufemolonf pnf;urf;&Sdoljzpf
onf/ aemufvu dk af umif; wpfa,muftjzpfvnf;aumif;? acgif;aqmifaumif;wpfa,muf
tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&GufEdkifayrnf/
ausmif ; pnf ; urf ; ES i f h pmoif c ef ; pnf ; urf ; rsm;onf ausmif ; om;rsm; at;csrf;vkHNcHKrI
ESihf bufpHzk UGH NzKd ;wd;k wufr&I adS p&ef &nf&,
G cf srw
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ausmif;pnf;urf;? pmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm;ukd vkdufemusifhokH;wwfaom ausmif;om;
rsm;onf ausmif;om;aumif;rsm;jzpfNyD; xdkrSwpfqifh'Drkdua&pDudk em;vnfNyD;vufawGU
usifhokH;aom EdkifiHom;aumif;rsm; jzpfvmEdkifygonf/
avhusifhcef;
ydkpwmjyKvkyfjcif;
ausmif;om;rsm; at;csr;f vkNH cKH rEI iS hf bufpzHk UHG NzKd ;wd;k wufr&I adS p&ef pmoifcef;twGi;f wGif
rnfonfhpnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufemoifhoenf;/ oif\oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;oabm
wlnDrI&,lNyD; ykdpwmwpfck pkaygif;zefwD;yg/
oifcef;pm (3.2) ausmif;aumifpD
ausmif;aumifpq D o
kd nfrmS ausmif;zGUH NzKd ;a&;vkyif ef;rsm; aqmif&u
G &f mwGif vGwv
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pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESit
hf nD zGJUpnf;xm;aomq&mrsm;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;yg0ifaom ausmif;wGi;f
tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfjzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aumifpDvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh ausmif;wGif;
'Drdkua&pD tavhtusifhaumif;rsm;udk &SifoefzGHUNzdK;apygonf/ ausmif;aumifpt D oif;tvduk f
us&mwm0efrsm;udk yg0ifxrf;aqmifjcif;jzifh wm0ef,lwwfaom tavhtusihfaumif;rsm;
&SdvmEdkifonf/ xdkrSwpfqifh 'Drdkua&pDudkem;vnfNyD; vufawGUusifhoHk;aom EdkifiHom;aumif;
rsm; jzpfvmEdkifygonf/
36
ausmif;aumifpDa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufyGJrsm;\ta&;ygyHk
ausmif;aumifpDa&G;cs,fyGJonf ausmif;aumifpD\ vIyf&Sm;rIvkyfief;rsm;teufwpfck
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wifajrm§ ufEikd af yonf/ rdrw d aYkd &G;cs,v
f u
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yg0ifjcif;jzifh wm0ef,lwwfolrsm; jzpfvmayrnf/
ausmif;aumifpDa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufyGJ
ausmif;aumifpaD &G;cs,yf w
JG iG f yg0ifz;l ygovm;/ atmufygyHkonf ausmif;aumifpaD &G;cs,yf JG
wGif ausmif;om;rsm;yg0ifaeyHkjzpfygonf/ ausmif;aumifpDa&G;cs,fyGJrsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;jzifh
rnfuJhodkYaom tavhtusiahf umif;rsm; &&SdEdkifonfudk oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;yg/
ausmif;aumifpDzGJUpnf;jcif;
ausmif;aumifpDwGifyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;
ausmif;aumifpDonfausmif;om;rsm;udk ausmif;\vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Guf
Edkif&ef OD;aqmifay;onfh ta&;ygaomtzJGUtpnf;jzpfonf/ ausmif;aumifpw D iG f ausmif;tkyBf u;D
u Ouú|tjzpfOD;aqmifí q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf &nfreS ;f csu?f &nf&, G cf surf sm;
atmifjrifap&ef yl;aygif;aqmif&u G Mf uygonf/ ausmif;aumifpu D csrSwfxm;aom pnf;rsO;f
pnf;urf;rsm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u
G Ef ikd af om zGUH NzKd ;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;vnf;&So
d nf/
37
ausmif;aumifpaD &G;aumufyw
JG iG yf g0ifNy;D twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf a&G;cs,cf &H aomausmif;ol
wpfOD;\ atmufygBudKqdkEIwfcGef;qufpum;udk avhvmyg/
ausmif;aumifpDtoif;0ifoli,fcsif;tm;vHk;r*Fvmyg&Sif
uRefruawmh ausmif;aumifpDtwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufjcif;cH&wJh
e0rwef;ausmif;ol rrDrDatmifjzpfygw,f&Sifh/ ausmif;aumifpDqdkwm ausmif;zGHUNzdK;
a&;vkyfief;awGudk aqmif&GufwJhtcg vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfajymqdkcGifh? a&G;cs,fwif
ajr§mufyGJrsm;wGif yg0ifcGifhawGudk avhusifhoif,lEdkif&ef pnf;rsOf;?pnf;urf;eJYtnD
zGJUpnf;xm;wJh ausmif;wGif;tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfyJjzpfygw,f/
yxrOD;pGm uRefrudkausmif;aumifpD twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr§muf
chJMuwJh oli,fcsif;wdkYtm;vHk;udk aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ ausmif;aumifpD[m uRefrwdkY
ausmif;twGuf tvGefta&;ygwJh tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfyJ jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;aumifpD
vIyf&Sm;rIawGrSm wuf<upGmyg0ifaqmif&u G jf cif;jzifh wm0efo?d wm0efausyeG w f hJ ausmif;ol?
ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfvmrJhtjyifausmif;pnf;urf;awGudkvdkufemaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh
pnf;urf;&SdolawGvJ jzpfvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ 'gxufyt kd a&;Bu;D wmu ausmif;aumifpu D
wpfqifh uRefrwdkYtm;vHk; ausmif;vkyfief;awGudk nDnDñGwfñGwfeJY yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf
EdkifawmhrSm jzpfygw,f/ uRefrwdkYausmif;aumifpDrSm ausmif;tkyfBuD;? q&m? q&mrawGeJY
ausmif;ol?ausmif;om;tm;vHk; yg0ifaqmif&GufMurSm jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;aumifpD
toif;acgif;aqmifawGukd ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;tm;vH;k u qE´raJ y; a&G;cs,Ef ikd w f ,f
qdkwm tm;vHk;todyJjzpfygw,f/ 'g[m'Drdkua&pDpepf&JU ta&;ygwJhtavhtxyJ
jzpfygw,f/ uRerf wdY kausmif;aumifprD mS taemf&xm? usepf pfom;? bk&ifah emif? tavmif;bk&m;eJY
AE¨Kvqdw k thJ oif;ig;oif;yg0ifygw,f/ uRefru AE¨Kvtoif;0ifyg/ ausmif;aumifpD
aqmify'k u f awmh pkaygif;nDnmatmifaMumif;jzmeJY trsm;tusKd ;aqmif ud, k t hf usKd ;atmif
wdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ uRefrwdkY cspfcifav;pm;&wJh ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;a':jrifhjrifhcdkifu
ausmif;aumifpDOuú|tjzpf aqmif&GufrSmjzpfNyD; 'kwd, Ouú|tjzpf q&mOD;ausmfvGifu
a&G;aumufcH&ygw,f/ uRefruawmh twGif;a&;rSL; tjzpfaqmif&GufrSm jzpfygw,f/
ausmif;&JUvIyf&Sm;rIawGudk ausmif;aumifpDtzGJUeJYtwl tm;vHk;&JU 0dkif;0ef;yl;aygif;rIeJY
qufvufaqmif&u G of mG ;Muygpdv
Yk Ykd wdu
k w f eG ;f &if; ed*;kH csKyt
f yfygw,f&iS /f tm;vHk;udk
aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
atmufygwdkYudk aqG;aEG;ajzqdkyg/
(1) ausmif;aumifpDudk tb,faMumifhzJGUpnf;oifhoenf;/
(2) ausmif;aumifpDwGif rnfolwdkYyg0ifEdkifoenf;/ rnfonfh toif;rsm;yg0ifoenf;/
rnfodkY zJGUpnf;xm;oenf;?
(3) ausmif;aumifpDvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif rnfuJhodkYyg0ifaqmif&Gufrnfenf;/
38
ausmif;aumifpDuwdopöm
ausmif;aumifpDacgif;aqmifjzpfxdkufol\t&nftcsif;rsm;azmfxkwfjcif;
ausmif;aumifpDacgif;aqmifrsm;wGifrnfonft h &nftcsi;f rsm;&So
d ifo
h enf;/ tkypf v
k u
kd f
aqG;aEG;azmfxkwfNyD; atmufazmfjyygykHwGif jznfhpGufyg/
ausmif;aumifpD
acgif;aqmif\ wm0ef
t&nftcsif;rsm; ausyGefjcif;
ausmif;aumifpDuwdopöm 4 &yf
ausmif;aumifpDacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ausmif;aumifpDtoif;0ifrsm;tm;vHk;onf
atmufyg uwdopöm 4 &yfudk vdkufemusifhoHk;&rnf/
1/ rdrdudk,fudkaumif;atmifBudK;pm;rnf/
2/ rdrdtwef;udk aumif;atmifBudK;pm;rnf/
3/ rdrdausmif;udkaumif;atmifBudK;pm;rnf/
4/ rdrdwdkif;jynftwGufaumif;atmifBudK;pm;rnf/
txufyg uwdopömrsm;udkrnfodkY em;vnfonfudkaqG;aEG;yg/
ausmif;aumifpDoDcsif;udk toif; 5 oif;zGJUNyD; nDnmwuf<upGmoHNydKifoDqdkyg/
ausmif;aumifpDoDcsif;
( rdrdudk,fudk aumif;atmifBudK;pm;rnf __ rdrdtwef;udk aumif;atmifBudK;pm;
rnf__ rdrdausmif;udk aumif;atmif BudK;pm;rnf _ _ rdrdwdkif;jynftwGuf aumif;atmif
BudK;pm;rnf __)2
uwdav;csufudkrlwnf __ zGJUpnf;cJhwJhausmif;aumifpD __ toif;ig;oif;zGJU (cGJ)yg
onf __ taemf&xm? usefppfom;eJYbk&ifhaemif __ tavmif;bk&m;eJYAE¨KvwJhtrnf __
udk,fh0efudk,fxrf; __ vkyfief;rSeforQ pkaygif;aqmif&Gufrnf __ udk,faumif;&ef __ wpf
udk,faumif;rqef __ xufoefaom rsKd;cspfpdwfeJY __ ZGJvkHYvtnD udk,fhtm;udkudk,fudk;vdkY
__ udk,fusKd;pGefYMurnf __ ausmif;wGif; 'Drdkua&pDxlaxmifrnf __ jynfolYom;aumif;
orD;aumif; ausmif;aumifpD __/
39
t"dutcsufrsm;
ausmif;aumifpv D yk if ef;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&u
G jf cif;jzifhausmif;ESivhf rl t
I zJGUtpnf;rsm;twGuf
'Drkdua&pDusifhpOfrsm;ukd vufawGUavhusio hf if,&l m a&mufayonf/ aemifwpfcsed w f iG f
oifEh ikd if \
H 'Dru
dk a&pDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G v
f mekid o
f w l pfO;D jzpfvmayrnf/
ausmif;aumifpDtzJGU0iftoD;oD;onftwlwuG yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh ausmif;\
vIyf&Sm;rIvkyfief;rsm;twGuf aqG;aEG;wkdifyifjcif;? oabmwlnDjcif;? rwlnDjcif;? tpD
tpOfa&;qJGjcif;?taumiftxnfazmfjcif;rsm;udk omwlnDrQjyKvkyfEdkifonfh tcGifhtvrf;
rsm;&&SdMuonf/tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D csi;f pD\wm0efESit hf cGit
hf a&;rsm;&&Sda&;udv k nf;tm;ay;onf/
ausmif;om;rsm;onff vlrItzJGUtpnf;? EdkifiHhtwGufwm0efESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&m
tavhtusifhaumif;rsm;&&SdNyD; EdkifiHom;aumif;rsm; jzpfvmayrnff/
tkyfpktvdkuf ausmif;aumifpDacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhawGUqHkNyD; atmufyg tcsuftvuf

rsm;udk ar;jref;aqG;aEG;yg/
oifwdkYtoif;u rnfonfhausmif;aumifpDvIyf&Sm;rIudk aqmif&Gufaeoenf;/
xdkvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;aqmif&Guf&ef rnfonfhtpDtpOfrsm; aqmif&Gufxm;oenf;/
xdkvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk tpDtpOfwusaqmif&GufEdkifcJhygovm;/ tcuftcJrsm;&SdcJhygovm;?
&SdcJhygu rnfodkYausmfvTm;cJhoenf;/
oifcef;pm(3.3) pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifhOya'\ta&;BuD;rI
vlYtzJGUtpnf;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmfwGif EdkifiHom;rsm;usifhokH;vkdufem&rnfh pnf;rsOf;
pnf;urf;ESifh Oya'rsm; csrSwfxm;onf/ xdkpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifhOya'rsm;udk vdkufemusifh
oHk;jcif;jzifh vlYtzJGUtpnf;twGif; pnf;pepfuserIESihf ab;uif;vHkNcHKrIudk jzpfay:apEdkifonf/
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;
tdrf? ausmif;? &yf&Gmpaom vlYtzGJUtpnf;wdkif;wGif vdkufem&ef owfrSwfxm;aom
tjyKtrlpHEIef;rsm;&SdMuonf/ xdtk jyKtrlpEH eI ;f rsm;onf oufqikd &f m vlt
Y zGUJ tpnf;\vGwv
f yfr?I
ab;uif;vHkNcHKrIESifhwdk;wufrItwGuf owfrSwfxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
Oya'
Oya'qdkonfrSm trsm;jynfolwdkYvdkufem&ef Oya'jyKtmPmydkiftzGJUu jy|mef;
xm;onfh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;? Oya'? enf;Oya'yifjzpfonf/
40
(u) pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifhOya'ukdvkdufem&efvdktyfjcif;
ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;ukd vkdufemap&mrS rdrEd dkifiH\
pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf; ESiOhf ya'rsm;ukd vku d ef musio
hf ;Hk wwfaom Ekdiif oH m;aumif;rsm; jzpfvmaponf/
ausmif;wGif ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;&SdouJo h Ydk vlt
Y zJGUtpnf;wGivf nf; pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESihf
Oya'rsm;&SdMuonf/ vlYtzJGUtpnf;ab;uif;vkHNcHK&efESifh jynfolvlxk\ tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd
umuG,af pmifah &SmufEikd &f ef pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESiOhf ya'rsm;ukd Edik if w H idk ;f wGif xkwjf yefxm;&Sd
Muonf/ Ekid if o H m;wkid ;f onf xkwjf yefxm;aom pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESiOhf ya'rsm;ukd vku d ef m
usifhokH;&eff vkdtyfonf/
atmufyg tqdt k rderYf sm;u pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESiOhf ya'udk vdu k ef moifah Mumif;azmfjy
aeonf/
vGwfvyfa&;qkdwJh t"dyÜm,f[m pnf;rJhurf;rJh

oabmrsdK;r[kwb f ;l / pnf;eJu Y rf;eJo
Y abmrsdK;omjzpfw,f/
pnf;eJu
Y rf;eJ&Y rdS o
S mvQif vGwv f yfa&;qkw d mjzpfEikd wf ,f/
tJ'Dawmh vGwv f yfa&;qkw d mukd uGseaf wmfw&Ydk wJt
h cgrSmvJ
em;vnf&rSmu igwkw Yd idk ;f jynf[m ykdNyD;pnf;urf;&Szd vYdk w
dk ,f/
(AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;\rdefYcGef;aumufEkwfcsuf
pnf;urf;qkdonfrSm wpfOD;wpfa,mufu(0g)
vlwpfpku twif;tusyf jyKvkyfxm;&Sdojzifh usefvl
trsm;uvku d ef m&onfh pnf;urf;rsKd ;r[kwb f J vlwidk ;f
vlwkdif;u oabmaygufNy;D vQif usiMhf uv H u
dk ef mMu&onfh
pnf;urf;rsdK;jzpfapvkdayonf/vltrsm;ESifh a&maESmae
xkdif&ojzifh vltrsm;\ tusdK;twGuf(0g) vltrsm;
tm; taESmifht,Sufrjzpfap&eftwGuf apmihpf nf;&
aom pnf;urf;rsdK;omjzpf&rnf/
(OD;oefY)
OD;oef\
Y ausmif;wGi;f 'Dru kd a&pD
pmtkyrf S aumufEw k cf suf
41
aeYpOfvlrIb0wGif pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifhOya'ukdvkdufemjcif; ½kyfykHrsm;ukd

MunfhjyD; ar;cGef;rsm;ukd ajzqkdyg/
atmufygoauFw trSwftom;rsm;wGif rnfonfhpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vkdufem
&efazmfjyxm;ygoenf;/
xkdpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufem&eftb,faMumifhf vkdtyfonf[k xifygoenf;/
tb,faMumifhenf;/
1/ 1/
--------------------------
2/ 2/
--------------------------
3/ 3/
--------------------------
4/ 4/
--------------------------
5/ 5/
--------------------------
tcsuftvufrsm;ukd&SmazGjcif;
atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;udkod&Sdap&ef oif\q&m?q&mrrsm;ESifhar;jref;aqG;aEG;yg/
(u) ausmif;rkefYaps;wef;wGif ausmif;ol?ausmif;om;rsm; vdkufem&rnfhpnf;urf;rsm;
(c) oefYpifcef;toHk;jyKrIESifhywfoufaompnf;urf;rsm;
(*) ausmif;oGm;ausmif;jyefcsdefESifhywfoufaompnf;urf;rsm;
(C) trIdufpGefYypf&mwGif vdkufemoifah ompnf;urf;rsm;
42
(c)EkdifiHhOya'ESifhpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;\
ta&;ygrI
urÇmay:&SdEdkifiHwdkif;vdkvdkwGif zJGUpnf;ykH
tajccOHya'ukd a&;qjJGy|me;fxm;&o dS n/f (y-kH1)
zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'onf EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH\
tjrirhfm;q;Hkaom Oya'jzpo f n/f EikdifwH pEfikdifH
\ &nrfeS;fcsurfsm;EihS f tav;xm; wezf;dkxm;rI
rsm;udk zJGUpn;fyt
Hk ajccOHya'wiGf azmjfyon/f
zJGUpn;fyHk tajccOHya't& tjcm;aomOya'EiShf
pn;fur;frsm;ukd a&;qMJGuon/f zJGUpn;fyt Hk ajccH
Oya'wiGEf ikdifo
H m;widk;fwe;fwn l rDQ tciGt hf a&; (yHk-1)
&&adSp&ef a&;qGJjy|mef;xm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEkdifiHawmf
zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'
tkyfpki,fzJGUaqG;aEG;yg/
atmuyfg Oya'EiSphfn;frsO;fpn;fur;frsm;ukd vu kd efmaqmi&fu
G jfci;fr&ydSgu rno
f nhf
tajctaersm; jzpyfmG;vmEikdo
f en;f/ jzpfEdkifonfh tajctaewpfckpDudk aqG;aEG;azmfxkwfyg/
Oya'ESifhpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm; jzpfEdkifonfhtajctae
1/ olwpfyg;\ypönf;ukdzsufqD;jcif;rjyK&/
2/ uav;rsm;onfynmoif,lcGifh&&Sd&rnf/
3/ EdkifiHom;rsm;twGuf 0efaqmifrIrsm;
ay;Eikd&fef jyno f vl x l ok nf tceGt
f aumuf
rsm;udk EikdifaHwmof aYdky;aqmi&frnf/
4/ jynfolvlxktm;vkH;onfcJGjcm;cH&rIr&SdbJ
usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrIukd&&SdoifhMuonf/
5/Oya't& wm;jrpx f m;aom aq;0g;rsm;ukd
rokH;pGJ&/
6/vl wdkif;onf vrf ; pnf ; urf ; rsm;ukd
avhvm&rnf/
7/uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;ukdt&ufaomuf
okH;cGifhrjyKap&/
43
t"dutcsufrsm;
pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESiOhf ya'onf EdkifiHom;rsm;taejzifh rnfuJhodkY jyKrlvdkufem&rnfqdk
onfESifh tpd;k &taejzifh vHNk cKH rI? at;csr;f rIEiS hf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k rItwGuf rnfoaYkd qmif&uG f
&rnfukd owfrSwfxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
Edik if o
H m;rsm;onf Edik if aH wmfucsrwS x
f m;aom pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESiOhf ya'rsm;udk vdu k ef m&
rnf/
Oya'udkcsdK;azmufygu vlYtzGJUtpnf;ESifhEdkifiHawmf\ wnfNidrfat;csrf;rIudk ysuf,Gif;
aponfhtwGuf xdkufoihfaomtjypf'PfcH&rnf/
1/ oifonf pnf;urf;udkav;pm;vdkufemolwpfOD;jzpfygovm;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
2/ tjcm;olrsm;udk w&m;Oya' av;pm;vdkufemolwpfOD;jzpfvmap&ef oifrnfodkYwdkufwGef;
rnfenf;/
3/ uav;rsm;onfynmoif,lcGifh&Sd&rnfqdkaomOya'jy|mef;csufudkoifaxmufcHygovm;/
oif\tjrifudk aqG;aEG;yg/
pnf;urf;ESiOhf ya'
ausmif;pnf;urf;ESifh ausmif;aumifpD pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESihf

pmoifcef;pnf;urf;rsm; Oya'\ta&;Bu;D rI
44
tcef;(4)
Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJaexdkifjcif;
ausmif;om;rsm;onf Nird ;f csr;f a&;udk jrwfE;kd wwfNyD;

Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk wefzdk;xm;xdef;odrf;wwfolrsm; jzpfap&ef
avhusihfoif,l&rnf/ tdrfwGifjzpfap? ausmif;wGifjzpfap?
&yf&mG wGijf zpfap tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESihf &ifqikd Bf uKH awGU&onft
h cg
Nidrf;csrf;pGmajz&Sif;Edkif&ef avhusio hf if,Ml u&rnf/ odrYk o S m
rdrwd Ykd aexdkif&mywf0ef;usifwGif Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJ
aexdkifwwfrnf/
þtcef;NyD;vQif ausmif ;om;rsm;onf atmufyg
wdkYudk vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk cspfjrwfEdk;wwfaom vlwpfa,muf\
oabmxm;ESifh tjyKtrlaumif;rsm;udk od&Sdem;vnfNyD;
aeYpOfb0wGif usifhoHk;wwfrnf/
rdom;pktwGif; jzpfavhjzpfx&Sdaom tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk
Nird ;f csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f Edik rf nfeh nf;vrf;rsm; tBuHjyKwwfrnf/
ausmif;wGif jzpfavhjzpfx&Sdaom tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk
Nidrf;csrf;pGm ajz&Si;f Edik rf nfeh nf;vrf;rsm; tBujH yKwwfrnf/
ausmif;wGifNidrf;csrf;pGmaexdkifwwfrnf/
45
oifcef;pm (4.1) Nidrf;csrf;a&;rdwfquf

Nird ;f csr;f a&;qdo
k nfh pum;vk;H udk vlrsK;d ? a'ouGjJ ym;rItay:rlwnfí t"dymÜ ,ftrsK;d rsK;d
zGiq hf Mkd uygonf/ odkYaomf Nidrf;csrf;a&;onf rwluGJjym;rIudk av;pm;wwfjcif;? jyóemrsm;udk
Nird ;f csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f wwfjcif;ESihf wpfO;D udwk pfO;D em;vnfr&I jdS cif;? onf;cHciG v
hf w
T jf cif;wdt
Yk ay:
wGif tajccHygonf/
Nidrf;csrf;a&;
Nidrf;csrf;a&;qdkonfrSm pdk;&drfylyefjcif;? trsufa'goxGufjcif;? pdwftaESmifht,Suf
jzpffjcif;rsm;r&SdbJ udk,fpdwfESpfyg; wnfNidrfat;csrf;rI&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf/ vltcsif;csif;qufqH
&mwGif wpfOD;ESiw hf pfO;D &efvt kd jiif;yGm;rIr&Sdjcif;? Edik if w
H pfEikd if EH iS w
hf pfEikd if H tjiif;yGm;wdu
k cf u
kd rf I
r&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf/
tjiif;yGm;rI odkYr[kwf y#dyu©
tjiif;yGm;rI odkYr[kwf y#dyu©qo kd nfrmS wpfO;D ESiw hf pfO;D qufq&H mwGif oabmxm;uGJ
vGrJ Irsm;? em;vnfru I v
JG rJG rI sm; ay:aygufonft h cg &efvakd omtjyKtrljzifh wkjYH yefjcif;jzpfonf/
oifhywf0ef;usifonf Nidrf;csrf;aomywf0ef;usif jzpfygovm;/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
Nidrf;csrf;aomywf0ef;usifwnfaqmuf&ef rnfonfhtjyKtrlrsm;udk vdkufem&rnfenf;/
Nidrf;csrf;aomywf0ef;usifwnfaqmuf&ef rnfonfhtjyKtrlrsm;udk a&SmifMuOf&rnfenf;/
ESdrfhcsjcif;tusdK;
wpf&Ha&mtcg jrifhrm;aom awmifBuD;
wpfck\awmifapmif;vrf;wpfae&mwGif jcaoFh
wpfaumifESihf awm0ufwpfaumifwdkY &ifqdkif
awGUrdMuonf/
awmifapmif;vrf;rSm tvGeu f sO;f ajrmif;
vSonf/ wpfaumifom oGm;Edik ½f Hk&o dS nf/ awmif
eH&BH u;D rSmvnf;jrifrh m;onf/ awmifapmif;vrf;wpf
zufwiG v f nf; eufvSpGmaom acsmufBu;D &Sdaeonf/
wpfaumifukd wpfaumifwu kd cf dkuyf gu ESpaf umif
vH;k acsmufxo J u Ykd sí aoqHk;oGm;Murnfomjzpf
onf/
46
þwGifpdwfxm;rGefjrwfaom awm0ufonfESdrfhcspGmjzifh udk,fudk0yfíay;vdkuf

onf/ ]]taqGjcaoFh uREkfyf\ausmudkausmfeif;um oifvdk&mt&yfodkYoGm;ygavmh}}
[líqdk\/
jcaoFhuvnf; ]]taqG oifonfrGefjrwfvSygayonf}} [kqdkum awm0uf\
ausmudk nifompGmeif;íausmjf zwfomG ;onf/ vd&k mt&yfoYkd Nird ;f csr;f pGmxGuo f mG ;onf/
xdt
k cgwGirf S awm0ufonfvnf; ae&mrSxum rdrv d &kd m c&D;odx Yk u
G cf mG oGm;avonf/
rif;,ka0
(u) jcaoFhESifhawm0ufwdkYonf vdk&mc&D;a&muf&ef rnfodkYaqmif&GufMuoenf;/
(c) jcaoFhESifhawm0ufwdkY\ nd§EdIif;aqmif&GufrIudk avhvmjcif;jzifh oifrnfonfhoifcef;pm
&&Sdoenf;/
(*) tjiif;yGm;rIudkat;csrf;pGm ajz&Sif;jcif;jzifhrnfonfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &&SdEdkifygoenf;/
Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk jrwfEdk;olwpfOD;\ oabmxm;ESifhtjyKtrlaumif;rsm;
ausmif;om;rsm;onf Nird ;f csr;f a&;udk jrwfE;kd wefz;kd xm;wwfaom tavhtusiahf umif;
rsm;&&Sd&ef tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ rdrdaexdkif&mrdom;pk? pmoifausmif;ESifh ywf0ef;usifwGif
jyKrlajymqdk aexdkifrIrsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufaom tjyKtrl?
tajymtqdk? taetxdkifrsm; jzpf&efvdktyfygonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk xdef;odrf;Edik f&ef
jird ;f csr;f a&;udk jrwfE;kd ol wpfO;D \ oabmvu©Pmrsm; udk avhvmNy;D vufawGUusio hf ;kH Mu&rnf/
jzpf&yfavhvmjcif;
jzpf&yf(1)
araraps;odkYoGm;aepOf armifarmifESifh nDrav; upm;p&mvk&if; &efjzpfMu
onf/ udkudku ]]nDav;eJYnDrav; &efrjzpf&bl;av? armifESrcsif;oihfoihfjrwfjrwf
upm;rSaygh nDav;uvnf; ud, k x
fh uftoufi,fwhJ nDrav;udk n§mn§mwmwm qufqH
rSaygh/ nDrav;uvnf; udk,hftpfudkudk ½dk½dkaoaoqufqHaemf}}[k tusdK;taMumif;udk
csdKompGm ajymqdkqHk;ronf/
47
jzpf&yf(2)
q|rwef;ausmif;om; armifa0NzdK;onf ausmif;aemufusaeojzifh pmoifcef;xJoYkd
tvsit f jref0ifvmpOf oli,fcsi;f a0rd;k udk 0ifwukd rf o
d jzifh pmtkyrf sm;usuek o
f nf/ a0rdk;u
]]rif;b,fvvk d yk v
f u
kd w
f mvJ}}[kajymaomtcga0NzKd ;u]]wrifvyk w f mr[kwyf gbl;oli,fcsi;f &,f?
q&mrpmoifwmrrDrSmpdk;vdkY jrefjrefvmvdkufwm? wdkufrdoGm;wm awmif;yefygw,fuGm}}
[k csKdompGm &Sif;jyonf/
(u) nDtpfukdarmifESrtcsif;csif; rnfodkYjyKrlqufqH&rnfenf;/
(c) oli,fcsif;tcsif;csif; rnfodkYjyKrlqufqH&rnfenf;/
(*) oift
h m; em;vnfrv I rJG mS ;Ny;D &efvo
kd nfh tjyKtrlrsdK;jzifh qufqv
H mygu rnfodkYwkHYjyef
rnfenf;/
Nird ;f csr;f a&;udk jrwfE;kd olwpfO;D \ tjyKtrlaumif;rsm;udk tkypf v

k u
kd f aqG;aEG;azmfxkwfyg/
Nidrf;csrf;a&;jrwfEdk;ol\
tjyKtrlaumif;rsm;
Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk jrwfEdk;olwpfOD;\ oabmxm;ESifh tjyKtrlaumif;rsm;udk aeYpOf

b0wGif rnfou Ykd sifhokH;rnfudk ydkpwmwpfckzefwD;yg/
48
t"dutcsufrsm;
wpfO;D ESiw
hf pfO;D cspcf ifpmG jzifh at;csr;f aysm&f iT pf mG aexdik o
f ifo
h nf/ tjyeftvSef av;pm;rI?
pmemem;vnfrjI zifh qufqyH gu Nird ;f csr;f om,maom todu
k t
f 0ef;wpfcu
k kd zefw;D Edik yf g
vdrfhrnf/
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifh BuHKawGU&onfhtcg tMurf;rzufbJ Nidrf;csrf;pGmjzifh ajz&Sif;oifhonf/
xdkYaMumifhNidrf;csrf;a&;udk jrwfEdk;ol\oabmxm;ESifh tjyKtrlaumif;rsm;udk avhvmNyD;
awGUBuHK&aom jyóemrsm;udk at;at;csrf;csrf; ajz&Sif;oifhygonf/
(1) ]tjiif;yGm;rI okdYr[kwf y#dyu©}udk rnfodkYem;vnfoenf;/
(2) ]Nidrf;csrf;a&;}udkrnfodkYem;vnfoenf;/
(3) Nird ;f csr;f a&;udk jrwfEdk;olrsm;onf rnfoaYkd omoabmxm;ESihf tjyKtrlrsm;&SdMuygoenf;/
(4) Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkxdef;odrf;&ef oifrnfodkYjyKrlajymqdk aexdkifrnfenf;/
(5) Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk umuG,fxdef;odrf;&ef tb,faMumifhta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
(6) Nird ;f csr;f a&;udk jrwfE;kd ol\oabmxm;ESihf tjyKtrlrsm;rS rnfonfh t&nftaoG;rsm;udk
oifydkifqdkifxm;oenf;/ rnfonfht&nftaoG;rsm;udk xyfrHjznfhqnf;&rnfenf;/
oifcef;pm(4.2) Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkjrwfEdk;jcif;
ausmif;om;rsm;onf tdrfwGifjzpfavhjzpfx&Sdaom tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESihf ausmif;wGif
jzpfavhjzpfx&Sad om tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ajz&Si;f &mwGif rdrEd iS o hf wl pfyg;wku Yd kd rxdcu
kd af paom
enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh Nird ;f csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f Edik &f rnf/ jyóemrsm;ESihf &ifqikd Bf uKH awGUvm&ygu Nird ;f csr;f pGm
ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm;udk azmfxkwfavhvmMu&rnf/
rdom;pk0ifrsm;? oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGmaeEdkif&ef rnfodkYjyKrlajymqdkoifhoenf;/
rdom;pk0ifrsm;? oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm aeEdkif&efrnfonfh tcsufrsm;udka&SmifMuOf
oifhoenf;/
49
xif;pnf;Oyrm
tbd;k tkw d pfa,mufwiG f om;oH;k a,mufEiS hf orD;oH;k a,muf&o dS nf/ om;orD;wdYk
onf wpfO;D ESiw hf pfO;D rwnfMh ubJ tNr&J efvakd eMuonf/ om;orD;rsm;u wpfOD;ESiw hf pfO;D
&efvakd eMuonft h wGuf rdom;pk\ yifrpD;yGm;a&;jzpfaom pdu k yf sdK;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk ulnD
Edik jf cif; r&Sdacs/ Nird ;f csr;f pGmraeEdik b
f J wpfOD;udw
k pfO;D tjypf&mS aeMuonft h wGuf v,f,m
vkyif ef;udk xdcu kd v f mawmhonf/ <uufrsm;u aumufyifrsm;udk zsuq f ;D vmonfhtwGuf
om;orD;rsm;ESifh wdkifyifonfh tcgwGifvnf; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;jiif;cHkNyD; tcsdefukefaeonfh
twGuf aumufyJoD;ESHrsm; ysufpD;&avonf/
tbd;k tdu
k om;orD;rsm;udk trsKd ;rsKd ;ajymqdq
k ;kH raomfvnf; r&ojzifh pnf;vH;k rI
r&Sjd cif;\ qd;k usKd ;rsm;udk vufawGUjyoqH;k rrSjzpfrnf[k qH;k jzwfvu
kd o
f nf/ wpfaeYwiG f
xif;pnf;wpfpnf;udkay;í wpfvSnhfpDcsdK;aponf/ om;orD;rsm;onf tm;ukefoHk;í
csdK;Muaomfvnf; xif;pnf;onf rusdK;acs/ xdkYaemuf xif;pnf;udkajzNyD; wpfacsmif;csif;
csdK;apaomtcg vG,fulpGmcsdK;Edkifavonf/
tbd;k tdu
k om;wdo Yk rD;wdYk wpfO;D ESiw
hf pfO;D cspcf spcf ifcif pnf;pnf;vH;k vH;k aeygu
rnfonf&h eforl Q wduk cf ukd cf &H rnfr[kwaf y/ tu,fípnf;vH;k rINyKd uyJG gu xif;acsmif;rsm;
uJhodkYyif xdcdkufvG,frnf[k ajymqdkqHk;ravonf/
xdt
k cg om;orD;rsm;u tbd;k td\ k qH;k rpum;rsm;udk em;vnfvufcNH y;D toufxuf
qk;H pnf;vHk;nDñw G pf mG aexdik o f mG ;Muojzihf rdom;pkpD;yGm;a&;rsm; wd;k wufvmavonf/
50
(u) om;orD;rsm;onf tb,faMumifhwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;&efvdkaeMuoenf;/
(c) wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;&efvdkaeonfhtwGuf rnfonfhqdk;usdK;rsm;&&Sdoenf;/
(*) wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;cspfcifpnf;vHk;pGmaexdkifygurnfonfhtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;&&SdEdkifoenf;/
y#dyu©ajz&Sif;&efenf;vrf;rsm;
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjiif;yGm;onfhtcg rwlnDaomt,ltqrsm;ESifh oabmxm;
uGJvGJrIrsm;udk avhvmyg/ tay;t,l? tavQmhtwif;rsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh n§dEdIif;Munfhyg/
aemufqHk;tqifhwGif trsm;oabmwlnDaom tcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfyg/
tdrf?ausmif;ESifh ywf0ef;usifwdkYwGif y#dyu©udkvsiffjrefpGm okH;oyfwwfjcif;ESifhxdcdkufrI
uif;apjcif;ponfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh y#dyu©rsm;udk avsmhenf;apekdifonf/
y#dyu©udk jzpfyGm;apEdkifaom taMumif;&if;rsm;udk vdr®myg;eyfpGmod&Sd&ef vdktyfonf/
xdkYtjyif y#dyu©jzpfyGm;Edkifonf[k ,lq&aomtcsufrsm;? trkef;yGm;rIwdk;yGm;jcif;ESifh
cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;ponfwdkYudk avsmhenf;ap&ef tav;xm;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/
pnf;vkH;rIudk jr§ifhwifjcif;ESihf cGJjcm;qufqHrIudk yaysmufapjcif;? rwluGJjym;aomtcsufrsm;udk
av;pm;jcif;ESihf ajzmifrh wf½;kd om;rIukd vsijf refpmG od&Sdjcif;wdjYk zifh y#dyu©rsm;udk avQmch sEikd yf gonf/
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;qufqH&mwGif rwluGJjym;rIudkav;pm;wwfjcif;? oabmxm;uGJvGJrI
rsm;udk Nidrf;csrf;pGmajz&Sif;jcif;ESifh onf;cHcGifhvTwfjcif;wdkYjzifh Nidrf;csrf;aomywf0ef;usifudk
wnfaqmufEdkifrnf/
(u) wpfO;D ESiw
hf pfO;D rwlnaD om t,ltqrsm;ESihf oabmxm;uGv
J rJG rI sm;aMumifh tjiif;yGm;
rIrsm; rjzpfay:ap&efrnfodkY aqmif&GufEdkifoenf;/
(c) tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;rSwpfqifh &efvakd omtajctaewpf&yfoYkdOD;wnfroGm;ap&ef rnfou
Ykd muG,f
rnfenf;/
(*) oif\pmoifausmif;udk Nidrf;csrf;rI&Sdap&ef oifrnfonfhtcsufrsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;
Edkifygoenf;/
51
jzpf&yfavhvmjcif;
jzpf&yf(1)
araru nDrav;twGuft½kyfuav; 0,fay;onf/ udkdudkYtwGuf um;½kyfuav;
0,fay;onf/ ]]armifErS ESpaf ,muf twlwu l pm;aemf}}[k araruajymonf/ udu k u kd ]]ay;prf;
tJh'Dt½kyf}} qdkNyD;qGJvkonf/
jzpf&yf(2)
ausmif;zGiphf &ufrmS pkpw k Ykd oli,fcsi;f oH;k a,muftzGJUESihf rlrw
l o
Ykd il ,fcsi;f oH;k a,muf
tzGUJ wdYk a&SUqH;k wef;rSm olxikd rf ,figxdik rf ,fqNkd y;D ae&mvk&if; pum;rsm;Muonf/ pkpw k u Ykd
olwt Ykd &ifq;kH a&mufvYkd olwx Ykd ikd rf nf[ak jymonf/ rlrlwu Ykd vnf; ]]xdik &f &J ifxikd Mf unfph rf;}}[k
ajymonf/
jzpf&yf(3)
ESi;f ESi;f ESi&hf &J ifh oli,fcsi;f ESpOf ;D ausmif;vm&m vrf;wpfavSsmufwiG f trdIurf sm;jyefu Y sJ
aeonf/ &J&ifu h ]]vlawGuvJumG pnf;urf;r&Sdvu kd w
f m}}[kajymonf/ ESi;f ESi;f u ]]eifajymwmudk
[dkta':BuD;Mum;oGm;w,f/ tjypfwifaerJhtpm; wdkYwwfEdkifoavmuf pHjyvkyaf y;&atmif
av}} [kqdkum trdIufrsm;udk eD;pyf&mtrdIufyHk;odkYydkYay;onf/
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk avhvmNyD; oifomqdkvQif rnfuJhodkY ajz&Sif;rnfudkaqG;aEG;yg/

(u) araronfuu kd u
Ykd kd nDrav;\t½kyu
f kd rvkoifah Mumif; em;vnfatmifrnfoYkd &Si;f jyrnf[k
xifygoenf;/
(c) oifomqdkvQifpkpkwdkYtzGJUESifh rlrlwdkYtzGJUudkrnfodkYn§dEdIif;ay;rnfenf;/
(*) ESif;ESif;ESifh&J&ifhwdkY jzpf&yfrsdK;oifBuHK&ygu tjiif;yGm;Edkifaom tajctaeudk rnfodkY
ajz&Sif;rnfenf;/
Nidrf;csrf;a&;txdrf;trSwfoauFwrsm;
atmufygykHrsm;udkavhvmyg/
52
oli,fcsif;rsm;ESit
hf wl ESpo
f uf&m Nidr;f csrf;a&;txdr;f trSwf oauFwwpfck pkaygif;zefw;D yg/
t"dutcsufrsm;
rdom;pkwiG jf zpfap? ausmif;wGijf zpfap? ywf0ef;usiw
f iG jf zpfap wpfO;D ESiw
hf pfO;D t,ltqrsm;
rwlnDbJ uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;&SdEdkifonf/
oabmxm;uJGvJGrIrsm;? tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifh BuHKawGU&vQif wpfOD;\t,ltqukd
wpfOD;u av;pm;pGmem;axmifNyD; Nidrf;csrf;pGmnd§EdIif; aqG;aEG;ajz&Sif;oifhonf/
(1) ywf0ef;usifwGifBuHKawGUzl;aom tjiif;yGm;rI 3 rsdK;udk azmfjyyg/
(2) xdktjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm;udkazmfjyyg/
(3) Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk tb,faMumifhjrwfEdk;xdef;oddrf;oifhoenf;/
oifcef;pm(4.3) pkaygif;pGrf;tm;aumif;usdK;yGm;
vlwikd ;f wGif olaY e&mESio
hf l pGr;f aqmifEikd af om rwlno
D nft h &nftcsi;f aumif;rsm;&Sd
Muonf/ xdo k Ykd rwlno D nfh t&nftcsi;f aumif;rsm;jzifh pkaygif;n§Ed iId ;f í yl;aygif;aqmif&u G yf gu
tBuHÓPfaumif;rsm; ydkrdk&&SEd ikd jf cif;? vkyif ef;tqifajy acsmarGUrI&jdS cif;? vsijf refpmG atmifjrifrI
&&Sdjcif;ponfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &&SdEdkifygonf/
atmufygwdkYudkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;yg/
oifwdkYonf rnfonfhvkyfief;rsm;udk pkaygif;vkyfaqmifavh&Sdoenf;/
pkaygif;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh rnfonfhtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;&&SdEdkifonf[k xifygoenf;/
0rf;AdkufESifhudk,ft*Fgtpdwftydkif;rsm;
wpfcgaomf vl\ud, k &f dS 0rf;Aduk uf kd uset f *Fgtpdwt f ydik ;f wdu
Yk raumif;qdMk u
onf/ ollwdkYu ]]0rf;Adkufonf bmrQtoHk;r0if? tvkyfvnf;rvkyf? ysif;&dolomjzpf
onf/ xdaYkd Mumifh 0rf;AdkuftwGuf olwdkYonf bmrQulnDjcif;rjyKvdk}}[líajymqdkMu\/
vufu ]]olonf ol\vufacsmif;rsm;udk vIy&f mS ;íay;rnfr[kw/f odkYrS 0rf;Adu k f
onf tpmrpm;&bJ iwfrw G jf cif;jzpfvwåUH }}[kq\ kd / yg;pyfuvnf; ]]olonf tpmwdu Yk kd
yg;pyfwiG ;f odYk oGwo
f iG ;f aomtcg vufcHjcif;jyKvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ odkYjzpfygu 0rf;Adkufonf
rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ tpmpm;cGifh &awmhrnfr[kwf}}[kqdk\/ oGm;wdkYuvnf; tu,fí
yg;pyfonftpmudk vufco H nfw h ikd af tmif olwu Ykd rl 0g;rsKd jcif;jyKrnfr[kw[ f í
l qdMk ujyef\/
53
olwo Ykd nf qdo k nft h wdik ;f yif tnDtñGwjf yKrMl u\/ odaYk omf þodkYjyKrlírsm;rMumrD
twGi;f üyifvufwo Ykd nf wpfpwpfptm;enf;vsuf BuHKvv DS mMu\/ yg;pyfonfvnf;
aoGUajcmufum tok;H r0ifjzpfvm\/ oGm;wdrYk mS vnf; 0g;rsKdjcif;rjyK&ojzifh udu k cf v
J mMu\/
odjYk zifh ud,
k cf E¨mwpfcv k ;Hk rGwo f yd of nfah b;ESi&hf ifqikd w
f ;kd &av\/
aemufq;kH üum; olwo Ykd nf 0rf;Adu
k x
f H tpmydaYk qmifauR;arG;jcif;rjyKygu olwYkd
tm;vHk;rSmvnf; &SifoefMuvdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif;udk oabmaygufoGm;\/ xdkYjyif
0rf;Adu
k rf mS omreftm;jzifMh unfyh gu toH;k r0if[x k if&aomfvnf; pifppfrmS rl toH;k
t0ifqHk; tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfcjk zpfaMumif; olonf vl\touf&iS af &;twGuf aqmif&u G &f
aMumif;wdu Yk kd olwdkYod&SdoGm;avonf/
odkYjzifh olwdkYonf rdkufrJvSonfh olwdkY\ tBuHtpnfESifhtjyKtrlwdkYudk &yfpJ
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&&SdEkdifoenf;/
54
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55
Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJaexdkifjcif;
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56

8.G 6 Moral - Civics Final

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