RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Lecture 21 – Shear Design

RC14-1334: Concrete Structures 1

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 1

Lecture Goals

Shear design

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 1

RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Beams without Web

Reinforcement
Total Resistance = vcz + vay + vd (when no stirrups are used)
vcz - shear in compression
zone
va - Aggregate Interlock
forces
vd = Dowel action from
longitudinal bars
Note: vcz increases from
(V/bd) to (V/by) as crack
forms.

g
Shear (No Shear
Reinforcement)

(1) Tensile Strength of concrete affect inclined

cracking load

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 2

RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

g
Shear (No Shear
Reinforcement)

(2) Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio, w

Strength of Concrete in
Shear (No Shear
Reinforcement)
(3) Shear span to depth ratio, a/d (M/(Vd))

Deep shear spans

more detail design
required

Ratio has little

effect

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 3

RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

g
Shear (No Shear
Reinforcement)

(4) Size of Beam

Increase Depth Reduced shear stress at
inclined cracking

g
Shear (No Shear
Reinforcement)

(5) Axial Forces

- Axial tension Decreases inclined cracking load
- Axial Compression Increases inclined cracking
load (Delays flexural
cracking)

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 4

RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Function and Strength of

Web Reinforcement
Function: Web Reinforcement is provided to ensure that
the full flexural capacity can be developed.
(desired a flexural failure mode - shear failure
is brittle)
- Acts as “clamps” to keep shear cracks from
widening

Function and Strength of

Web Reinforcement
Uncracked Beam Shear is resisted uncracked
concrete.
Flexural Cracking Shear is resisted by vcz, vay,
vd

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 5

RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Function and Strength of

Web Reinforcement
Flexural Cracking Shear is resisted
by vcz, vay, vd and vs

Vs increases as cracks
widen until yielding of
stirrups then stirrups
provide constant
resistance.

Designing to Resist Shear

Shear Strength (ACI 318 Sec 11.1)

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RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Designing to Resist Shear

Shear Strength (ACI 318 Sec 11.1)

Nominal shear resistance provided by concrete

Nominal shear provided by the shear reinforcement

Shear Strength Provided by

Concrete
Bending only Table 5.13.1

Simple formula
Eqn [11.3]

More detailed
Note:

Eqn [11.6]

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 7

RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Shear Strength Provided by

Concrete
Bending and Axial Compression

Simple formula

Nu is positive for Eqn [11.4]

compression and
Nu/Ag are in psi.

Eqn [11.8]

Shear Strength Provided by

Concrete
Bending and Axial Compression

More detailed

Nu is positive for Use Mm in Eqn [11.6] with no limits

compression and
Nu/Ag are in psi.

Eqn [11.8]

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 8

RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Shear Strength Provided by

Concrete
Bending and Axial Tension

Simple formula

Design shear reinforcement for all shear.

Nu is negative for
tension and Nu/Ag
are in psi.

Eqn [11.9]

Lightweight Concrete:
Shear Strength Provided by Shear
Reinforcement
Minimum Shear Reinforcement: (11.5.5)

Except

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RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Lightweight Concrete:
Shear Strength Provided by Shear
Reinforcement
(1) Can substitute for

(2) Can substitute for for all lightweight

concrete
or for for standard weight
concrete
Vc for lightweight concrete 11.2
fct -splitting tensile strength

Lightweight Concrete:
Shear Strength Provided by Shear
Reinforcement

(provides additional 50 psi of shear strength)

Note:
for stirrups

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RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Typical Shear
Reinforcement
Stirrup - perpendicular to axis of members
(minimum labor - more material)

ACI Eqn 11-15

Typical Shear
Reinforcement
Bent Bars (more labor - minimum material) see req’d
in 11.5.6

ACI 11-5.6

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RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Stirrup Anchorage
Requirements
Vs based on assumption stirrups yield
Stirrups must be well anchored.

Stirrup Anchorage
Requirements
Refer to Sec. 12.12 of ACI 318 for development of web
reinforcement. Requirements:
each bend must enclose a long bar
# 5 and smaller can use standard hooks 90o,135o,
180o
#6, #7,#8( fy = 40 ksi )
#6, #7,#8 ( fy > 40 ksi ) standard hook plus a
minimum embedment

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RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Stirrup Anchorage
Requirements

Also sec. 7.11 requirement for minimum stirrups

in beams with compression reinforcement,
beams subject to stress reversals, or beams
subject to torsion

Design Procedure for

Shear
(1) Calculate Vu
(2) Calculate Vc Eqn 11-3 or 11-5 (no axial force)
(3) Check
If yes, add web reinforcement (go to 4)

If no, done.

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RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Design Procedure for

Shear
(4) Provide minimum
shear reinforcement

Also:
(Done)

Design Procedure for

Shear
(5)

Check:

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RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Design Procedure for

Shear
(6) Solve for required stirrup spacing(strength)
Assume # 3, #4, or #5 stirrups

from 11-15

Design Procedure for

Shear
(7) Check minimum steel requirement (eqn 11-13)

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RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Design Procedure for

Shear
(8) Check maximum spacing requirement (ACI 11.5.4)

Design Procedure for

Shear
(9) Use smallest spacing from steps 6,7,8

Note: A practical limit to minimum stirrup

spacing is 4 inches.

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 16

RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Location of Maximum Shear for

Beam Design
Non-pre-stressed members:
Sections located less than a distance d from face of
support may be designed for same shear, Vu, as the
computed at a distance d.

Compression fan carries

load directly into support.

Location of Maximum Shear

for Beam Design
When:
1. The support reaction introduces compression
into the end regions of the member.
2. No concentrated load occurs with in d from
face of support .

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RC14-1334 Concrete Structures 1

Location of Maximum Shear for

Beam Design

Compression from support at bottom of

beam tends to close crack at support

Example: Design of Stirrups to Resist

Shear
From flexural design:

fc = 4000 psi
fy = 60 ksi
wsdl = 1.2
k/ft wll = 1.8
will use either a #3 or #4 stirrup
k/ft fys = 40
ksi wb = 0.5
k/ft

Prof. Tavio, Ph.D 18