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    Hawker Hurricane

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    Hawker Hurricane

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    THE BAWKER HURRICANE A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE FOR THE MODELLER Richard A. Franks Nea aaa Sy WMO aa SS THE HAWKER HURRICANE ‘A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE FOR THE MODELLER Richard A. Franks SAM Publications frat evr ‘recor arwor pte 2 Mrreane MK, EES SE ene tSqundon Ss erent eevey {ar ie pbteaon by lente Marea, ‘sad 2000) runt fre vale Pate ‘rt te Peston fr non Models Datafle No.2 ‘The Howkor Huricane by Rehr A rks stp Grea Bea 1997 y SAN Pubeaans {4 rinton Cust Pigim Cate ‘ich rive Redfin MK 992 nglnd © 19SAM Fable (©1999 Ricard A Frnks “Test (© 1999Stve Rented - Medlin streamed) (©1999 anthony Over -Inerorarweekant Sees (©1999 Rha Caran Clouse ews scale Hams (© 199 Junta Trane Course vio Modal Date © SAM Patitons [Ars teserved.No pat ofthis peat maybe reproduced rears in any em ony ny eens, ‘estnieor mechanical inching ptosony. cnn. or any ter inbrmaonsorigeard etcel sem, hou person in rng Gum th pubes, sp 09534651 "esi nd repro by Zee Marketing Lined ince Cour, il Deve eed MAL PZ Design by Sion Segartoos ‘Prnedand boundinthe Unit Kings by Pista, 2 North Pty Cle, Mothampten WS #29 Eagland ‘The Modottors Dataue Series +o De Hiviland Mesa + Rod “Hale tere Ackaowiedgements ‘Avert hanks ust tthe llwing people an oasiatons wthur woos nd cacaragesn hele wl never ee happened The Depart of norman Serres op Air Force Museum Hendr; The Arf Exhibits Departen, Rap irc Masa, Henlon; “The Photographic Deparment Rap Ai Force Mes, Hendon op ere Meu, Csr: Rolle Raye Hertage Ist Darby; er Snowe, Aix Lt Ne Rison, ‘AxGenPablatin:Nei Bil Pron Designs Casto Berl. erNaer Prods Mae Peo im Roeder Rady Bana, Contents The Hu aww nt anid on oe ow wool oa 8 9 10 Glossary 5 Preface 6 ane - A Concise History A Monoplane Fighter 7 The birth ofthe Hurricane design The Beginning 9 From drawing beard to production Into Service 12 ‘The Hurricane arrives in RAF service To War 15 The fist operational use of the type ia France and the Bacte of Britain Other Nations and Operations 21 Hurricane ales pre-war tea numberof nations, and ts service throughout the world during the inl stages ofthe Secopd Word War Evolution 27 The development of the Mk IT and its use around the world Sea Hurricane 33 These ofthe Hurricane st Sea Final Service 36 RAF operations of the Hharrcane in the Fr Eat, ae well s post-war foreign sales and use the Hurricane Colour Side-views 49 Colour Interior Views 59 The Basics 42 The starting point for modelling the Hurricanein 1/1 44th, 1/72nd, /48th,{/32nd and 1/24th scales Understanding the Subject 65 A detailed analysis of all the different versions ofthe Hurricane, and how to model them Contents ow IT ow 12 ow 13 Appendix I Appendix Appendix IH Appendix IV Appendix V Appendix WI Appendix VII Aapenutx VI Anpencx IX Apponatc X Appendix XI Detailing 81 An extensive look in and arcund the Hurricane Building the Hurricane 113 ‘ook at large number of Hurricane kits in popular scales Colour and Marking Notes 120 ‘A modellers guide tothe colour and markings applied tothe Hurricane throughout its career Hurricane Kit Listing 133 ‘compet listing of all Hurricane construction kts Hurricane Conversions & Accessories 134 ‘A complete listing of accessories produced for the Hurricane Hurricane Decals 136 ‘Aconcse listing ofall Hurricane decal sheets Hurricane Powerplants 139 ‘encal specifications of al Ralls Royce Metin engines used in the Hurricane including Packard-built versions Hurricane Variants 140 ‘complete listing ofthe technical specfcasions ofall he different Hurricane vatiants Hurricane Genealogy 144 The genealogy ofthe Harcicane from prototype to final production Hurricane Squadrons 145 ‘A complete listing of Harricane Squedrons Hurricane Chronology 151 “Aconcise chronology ofthe Harrcane’ history Hurricane Production 153 A complete listing of Hurricane production Hurricane Aces 155 Detais of al the plots who achieved oer 10 kis while yng the Hurricane Hurricane Bibliography 156 ‘A concise list of books, joumnals and periodicals Index 158 Fold-out scale plans Preface dom iste on nr Nee W-- hist sachs fon Seu ih he a a nin hough | am sure that they will prove as popular with aviation stills te eb cet tis taps best yo ie Sern wc rte Te ecle a x Abercorn ima ih wie viel eye ache onan aot Nmwc dct eg oon tcc da ral oar rig ak i een fesothow bec tes lv aie floes ote pertinent day | | Photographs _______ ‘great number ofthe photograyhs usc in this ie have ‘ume from the Royal ir Fee Mucus [RAFM) ‘extensive collection Fach pictare canbe obtsined fom the APM using the'P'preixed aumberstown in brackets st the end ofeach epen Far mere deta al at up-to-date pris list contact the Photographic Department ofthe RAEN on cmpeeensve bibliography to help the reader decide note suitabetiles should wish tod farther research, ‘The shsice for thi secon it is one again purely personal one. My reat amiatcn ofthe Purricare is due think to that fact that it es not have he glamou of te opposite umber inthe RAR the Supermarine Spt |Asastong nd stable gun platform the Hurricane could rote surpased and she type was used in greater number than the Spite atthe begining of the wa Fortis eason, coupled with the obvious strength and purpose natare of the desig it rakes the ype trestle oan uly old work horse ike me! Ruchard A. Franks ‘rainy src at Glossary id so. pip FAA FEAF FeOt set Fe Lin FRU Bs Ts, co Gp cape HAL HE Ms. HO. ue Antiaircrat ‘Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment Antisera Co-operation Unit Advance Ar tikng Borce AirCommodere (RAP) 1 Air Chief Mahal (RAP) Air Fore Css (RAF) Air Fighting Development Unit {Airborne Imtercepton (radar) ‘Ar Marshal (RAF) ‘Air Support Control “American olunee: Group Air Vee Marshal (RAF) bsitsh At Forces of Occupation Bits Expeditionary Force Bitsh Sarda Bornber Support Devdopment Unit Captain Cenral Neiteranean Force Commanding Officer + Dornier Distinguished Fring Cross Distinguished Fling Medal Dstingussed ServiceOrder Directorate Technical Devdopment Fee airam Far Bast Air Force ying Oficer RAE) ight Sergeant Fight Listens et Requirements Ut Federal Sandard Fyiag Training Schodl Ground Liaison Ofcer Group Captin (RAF) awer Aircraft Ll igh- lite Fighter iser Majesty Ship Headquarters eatscation Fiero Foe NP No. xco EAP om Pre Phot PR PRU RAAF RAE RAP aro. amar RCAF RNAS RP SAAF Be sci sg san Sa Ld T 1 OK osaic USAAF vE-Day V}Duy. Wsedr wo ilogam Kampigschwader(Lutvate) lageeschvader (Lutte) Pound Local Defence Yolantees Low-Altude Fighter Landing Ground ite L4utenan Ctmarder (Royal Na) Lieutenant Calne + MedieaneanAic Command Major Ministry of Airrft Production Messersemt ao Bf} Mark ML Aviation La, Maietance Unit (RAP) Night Pigher Number eo-comisioned Officer NearEsst Ar Foc Operational ening Unit Pablindr Force Pilot Oicer (RAF) Photographic reconnaicance Photo-recaraissune Unit Royal Australian AieFece Royal Arca Entabishinent Royal ir force RecketAevited Tae OFF Royal Analiary Ai force Royal Canc Ai Force yal Noval ir Statin Recket Pct South acon air erce ‘small Borb Container Smoke Curtain Ietallaticns Sergeant, Squadron Squodron Leader (RAF) Triner ‘Typ incite United Kingdom Unite States Any Air Corps Unite Sates Army Aie Fore United states Ship Vices rose VicweyinBurype Diy Victceyin Japan Day Wing Commander (RAT) ‘Wacrae fics Suficeter added to stat sal number deecirg hati carried special equpmen aud vaso he guarded at al mes A Monoplane Fighter design, you must lok at the design of fighters price to ‘his time With the end ofthe Fint Werle War, itary lames inthe UK belened that the Te Yea Rae would {ppl aamey he te years warming of another war would noid sucient time to prepare. Therefore, wet the Royal ‘Ar Face policing actions in raga de North West Frontier ovine, ie Sal consdered tar general purpose and te c-cpsation type woul suffice and this resize the ‘ase thoughout the 1920 and early 19805. There was another fet tha restriced the grawch of new generation of Ager, namely hat some mbes ofthe Air tf til had a ‘ery nega etude tothe monoplane designs that were coming ito vogue stim, based on a number f fate, sscidents with monoplane design before WWI. Also to be fi, there were no bombers that could wote dal with bythe en Fgh types in serves The fact thatthe RAE eal Ave ary atcl krovledge thir igter’sefectivenes byanaal exercises nay seem logical bat when you elise thathe bombers which they were tested agains were also fn the RAR this should give you some idea ofthe insular ‘vironment in which the A?'stong term planning was done this tie, With sucha smal anual budget (us $100,000}, the RAF ad ie capital anda rescatch and development of monoplane designs. ‘The Hurricane design can trace ts lineage net jut tothe Furgbut the predecessor ofthat design the Hawker Har Thisaiterftwas developed fram an ie Ministry epecation Sua in 1926 a, when daring military excises i 1930 this umber proved tobe faster than all current RAF fighters the ned fr anew bred af fighter was obvious, vento the Ai ‘fl The advance made wih the Har: had been appreciated bythe Chie Designer 2 H.G. Hawker Fgineering Co.Ltd, Spey Cau, To tis ed he ha initiated a developmen es 2 ivete venture ofthe Heenet her called Fury) design, The agpeiniment of ACN Se Jon Salmons the Cie ofthe ie Satfin 1930 soon saw added urgency regarding othe Whole sxnceptof a nes ight. allo the fo line fighters ofthe dye Bris! Bullg wasthe fastest a 174mp, then the Siskin (56mph) and the the Gamecock (155mpb)-This sould howeres be compared withthe new Hart bombee which dtp sped of 184mpht Combine ths withthe fact that the wae ao radar fr interceptionand tha lhe Fighters ‘wearmed with rifle-calce machine guns it was ery tke hatte fighters mould, even if perfectly posioned uring the bormbe'light actos ther, be able ogc ff mere ‘hana teeing burstof gon. ‘The ie Staff decided to cvercome this situation vias fr sinpl criteria incteased sped that would be fered by the new 1, n-ne Rolls Roce Kestrel then coming ito service inthe Hart and Hornet, and increased armarsnt. This later was tot asl acheived as th curren Vickers MII machine gn although fering 1 00rpm, til ered with toppages ‘hat mean thatthe guxs had to bei reach ofthe pilbt. The T o understand the factors which shaped the Hurricanes Chapter Hower Fry 8238 ena yng Seno, high rt office also meant that ammunikcn sterage a to be Upmn, 198 (6c Sony within the fuselage No withstanding his the Air Ministry iusved one ofthe most advanced specifications ofthe time: 7/90, Ts design called for Faster, beer performing and ‘more mancewvrabe aircraft than any existing type. with atop specdof atleast 250mph, alto reduce adit evelopment costs, this design als had ty be capable of being ‘nigh figher.lthough events soon overtook this | specification, Gloster exga became the famous Gladiator, while Hawkers design was the BV, which was basically Try with a Goshank engine, Many ofthe acrodaic cements of this design were fited tothe Intenmediate Fury (G-ASBE) and the High Speed Fury (3380) Birth of the Hurricane ‘By 1939 the F7/30 speciation had shown the igeciorate of ‘Technical Development (DTD) thatthe designs being subaited 1 meet this requizement were ony going to be ‘stop -gps. The biplane design had reached the zenith ofits development and the increasingly dangerous politcal situation in Germany meant that the ned fora new breed of monoplane fighter wis dawning. In August ofthis year Syiney (Camm spoke withthe DTD about future Fighter reuisements forthe RAF andthe development ofthe existing Fury design aa monoplane. By October 1934, the nial designs fr this Ind been created and were shown tothe Ait Ninistry.The design wise the Goshawrk powerplant, which as yet had aot shown is ihetent coolantsytem weakness, and basically the ara looked like the High Speed Fury with one wing, revived upper decking to inciade an enclosed canopy fae and sptied undercarriage and the seam-evaporatin system. rms riper 7) toi in gee mater inaed in ventral unit similar we astandard raditor. Ai Ministry interest was high asthe type would eesily meet the 27Smph speed requirement In 193¢ however the eeublewome Gosh was replaced by the new BNA2, whish was 2 developed version ofthe Rals-Roye'R engine so sucessfully ‘sed by the Schneider Trophy racers. This engine did away withthe need fr the seam cooling system and aio oflered a 106 increase in take-off power anda 60% increas in power at service atu when cornpared withthe atest Kestrel [ik ¥) rem now on the new design, having few links with the Fury. ‘was ofrred taste “Mnoplane Intercept? With de desig an testing ofthe base design underway the next change t fe the design was the utlisatin of aflly retractable undecarige. iting this undercarriage tothe Hasek design had been made etierby the centre of gravity requirements moving the radiator 18 inches aft due to he increased weight ofthe new PN.12 engine. This therefore left the forward inerspar certre-scton area unobstructed, anda retractable undecariage was installed, Even at this ay stage Camm saw theneedto gives desige awide tack undercarriage and low pressure tyes. Tis meant at each eg had to ettactinwand and that they were ncined forward once ‘extended Revracting thse into the spar bay esulted ina break in the oleo and the use of radising link to orientate ‘he unit int the bay during the retraction sequence. ‘Armament Development of suitable armament was anether factor and the row Artanent Research Division othe Air Ninisiry sponsored evaluation of vious machine guns a the end af 1093, Firms entering his evaluation incuded Vicker, Lewis, Coll Madson, Sandu, Kira, Hare and Hispano, at alte: extensive testing the Coit example proved stperon. This weapon however used 0.300n ical sles ammuniio, so the Ai Ministry andetcok discussions wih the Colt Automatic Weapons Corporation toe if the gun ‘nui be modtied 1 acept 0308in ammuniton. Onve this ‘as ind to be easile (neatly 1954), the specifications were pissed cut the British irra nds although dueco the hyge amount ofmoney the British Government aved the USA fiom the First World Wer was highly unlibely tha they would obtcin the leense agreement With theme Cat weapon. realtcproposton, the Ai Ministry issued a fll specication (25/3) ora Higher equipped wit sixor eight ef these guns. aver undertok additional design work adapting the “Monoplane lteceptor design othe new PSI34 specication buat the same time they also continued withthe four-eun installation in the design. This for gun machine was produced a 16th sale model and tested inthe National Physics Laboratory, eldingionreachingan equivalent speed of 350mph by Augast 1934. This design was put forward tothe Air Ministry and resulted in E364 being isued to cover the types Both F36/H (Harrcane) and £37134 (Spits) were ‘issued to bring both ofthese designs in ine wth rer) specification S/34instigaedby Sqn Td 8S. Soey ofthe Ait Ministry Operational Requirements Branch who convinced both Sdney Camm and RI.Mitchel that this was essential. ‘The Moroplane lierceptr now became the 36/3 Single Seat Fighter - High Speed Monopiane and by the 17Ub [November 1934 drasings were with th Experimental Shops for prepara f the st jigs. ACU wooden mock-up of he design was created by the Experimental Department to study all the problems astocsted with the productcn of such a ‘modern and complex type By the 16th January 19354 conference was hel shut this mock-up in Conbury Yar Hod, Kingston and although the design mised four machine gins AirCére I. Pattinson ofthe Armaments Research Division tated tha eles license agreemeet could be reached with Cat the design would be unlikely to have ett gn installed, Havker taf had beady undertaken design ‘work 1 conver the design to an eight-gun you: though (nthe 2st Fabrusry 1935 heist perfomance dstaws ‘released for the design. This indicated that he axinnum ve speed would be 330mph (15000 at 4480b Service cing ‘was envisaged as 32,s00f¢ witha maximum cdllingof 348008. (On this day Hawker received te Air Minty manufacturing ‘omtact for ane prtatyp, registred KSO8, but till ao final ‘dein onthe armament lyon Si werk ater it was agreed ‘that no guns,just ballast would be fted to the prostype and thatthe Ballast woald equate to two Vickers Ml Y gun in the fuselage (ether ide of he engine and one Colt Browning) _machine gun in each wing, Tie ll hanged with the iene agreement derween Col and BSA (Birmingham Small Aris) in Jal 1935, 90 the roteype contract was amended o show the installation of cight Browning machine gunsin the wings {although the Vickers gun sil maine as ternative) Work aa sterted on actully creating the prortye. The Beginning techroogy that hal exited previously inset asthe aicettused many ofthe lamers ofthe previous aver Hart an Far, Bascal the £34036 (or Hue tmstobecome), sa the Fury nth the upper sng removed and ‘sae aed tthe ler ane, an enclosed cap ad the spate wheels replaced with nad trating earls Tobe ir thsis too simplea lac a the F436 design but the ascii there a the Haker 34136 used a Warren teuss constriction, with swage wie bracing and fabri covering, ‘The fselage sed four sails tel ongerans with tel pares and dain tubes tat were fied with plaesand Jods, The we of ch a sractae may cer old antoned when ‘ompazed tothe otter F36134 carpet the Site), bt iis atetely tong yet lightweight, contruction was to serve the ype vel during the earl sages oF Word War ‘gst 1935 sate prototype (KS083) structurally cerplee nts incued tke insallation ofthe Rell Roye BV2, ‘hich was now renamedthe Merlin. The guns were rot avaiable ‘Son, 0 ballast Sor those and addinal fo canage was shld, The arrame wasloaded ono trucks at he Canbury ark Rol plat snd taken to he assembly shed at Brookland ta fie23ed October Once ssserbled the rca (new also ‘ye with 20 ballast forthe ado equipment) was vege erie of grou! running and toying tril commenced with Chit est-lt Bt Lt RWS Gecrge Bauman sth corel. twas hs hands thatthe pratceypetook tothe arrihefsttine the 6h November 1935 som che grass sip at Brokdands Ths ist ight tok pace een though the Metin’ engine faded tapas the 50 hou provisional civil orf of airworthiness! The 2nd fight ook place on the T: sign of he Huricane was based very mach on the asit 11ch Novae, wth the dc the 23ed November an the th onthe 26th Norember:ouble withthe engine di occur afer ight tt ight, and byte ight onthe th Februney 1936 the engine haf been changed fom the {tho the 1th version cf c-C Tot ying was undertaken by George Bulan, a well a Phill Lucas an ok Hadas akough George was respansibe fo the dewelepment of hi ew Fgh Ital igh shed thal the eanopyfamonurk ceded itil Chapter The F8/4 patoype nde forsee ih he Mera ‘C'insate and ene othe opted useage outed Mreton nacive ge ste hit etre shows the aetpe near compton InSopenbe 1005 Inesigring ‘ep an eye (Soe SSScea Dachau the Hawker Chet Orautsnan bands vere learenes erate {othe Fight Commande artes Hea 1337 tas eet 083 ndeong underage etna Heat 1937 sreaghening the aphine ruts were net nocesary end ‘eng cooling problems were caused because thatthe radiator ‘was too smal By the ght on the 7th February 1936 al these modifications had been made and Balman was satsied tht these preblems had been addressed and tat the atraft was suitable for service evaluation by the Reyal i Fee. “Theairrame was therefore delivered to the Aircraft and Armament Experimental Exoishmert st Naresham Heath Testing vas undertaken between te Teth ad 2th February 1934 and the evaluation was sewed by prolers with the Neti’. aac of the supercharge beacngs rested in another change sro the 19th tothe 7th’ ahough urter problem with the vavespriag and autreatic oos-contral capsule all occurred during this period. This ll pred t be academic though, s development ofthe Medi was nat ing ‘wbe continued A maximum speed of 15rph a 16.208 was achiewd, wih aservice celingof 34500f and an absclute sling of 35,00 The srfrome wane returned to -rookiands er further development work, although it also went tw Rol-Rogce orci minor faults the Medin (No.9 ‘The worsening intertatova sialon (his wa the ine of the Abyssinian Cis) and the tong rumeuts tha the F36/34 he would be sued protien corract lad Hskrs 9 ‘go ahead with workto production standard lo March 1938 the Producten Drawing Office started werk on the drawings and the Production Panning Deperemenc created dra schees raging a potential pracction opt of 1.0 machines, This was io peove very fetunate. as onthe 3 Jan: 1936 aver reve coract (527112435) from the Air Ministry for 0 aireralt By he Bt ne the manafictaring drawings ‘were ith the Pcdcteon Shop and the 272 une the name Haricane was accepted bythe Aie Ministry. i thetine the order was paved with Hakers Ralls Royce bal done sufiientdeselypment on the C'to cure most ofthe problem 0 far encointred, an this new version wa incly ow asthe although tater ent into prediction a the Men. The przatye gine its ermamestin August an ciotinve undertake servcedeveopmen work. wal intalltion of he TR 9Btransitterecever was undertaken in ‘Api 1937, ad the potetype ontined wth sevice trial at tie ASABE. Deu work onthe production versions was now undeten at Hawker, bu early in July 193 the roy was Arn by Syn Lr Andersen of he ABAEE to the Real At Force Pagan Hendon, where twas shown t the public forthe fire tne Intaly the prosotype bad afl section der the ower fei frwand ef eral but this was thought w hare Cans ait overeating (where infact he real esa was iuficent capacity inthis uni) and it waslockel shut (Nee: allpdcton examples had this certre-secton fap delete). Inthir rev frm George Buna ew the pottype ot: the Ith Ju 57, cst ring Agus, the eight owning machine sqns were inated in the prterype. and withthe old Mer ‘engi the arft ew onthe 17th that month, Actual i fing the armament was undertaken in October and these tele highlighted the need for came form hein foe the sus. Medications were made to KS085, channeling ho it from the engine tathe gun bays. Throghout Sepernber and RUF, "esa Buon mh tote, KS. at Morte Hah at mn seme tober de protatype continued service handing and eormance tril t Martesham Heath, whore it achiewed 3p at 550. etumed o Brooklands en the 29th che atte the completion of these tia and it staid to ander spinning tls inthe capable hands of Gsonge Sinan onthe th Nevember Develepmeats alo continved ‘ith the powerplant. asthe Meri (Merlin Fad been sisortnued an the ew Merlin It (Merlin) was envisaged bortheprodutcn urrcane.Revisens tothe rocker box ages ofthis cngine required the revision ofthe nose coming comrurs on the Hurricane, ther modifications included the “Ts Haran pop, 0B ght arg ie 1) Stare Hea 13 carburettor intake ars, which was increased. and the al beadertank which ha be repostoned, Brthe time that X3088 had returned to Brooklands for sing til, the fst pdetin Neri engin had been dalveredo Hawkers. Ths was installed inthe ist production Haricane (1547 onthe 19% April By the end of November this year ao fewer thax seven predation sirfames were Bing and servie acceptance began, eae agarose 2a ‘The fist reduc Hurcane Minis vesawoey 11) Into Service ‘he dispersed shadow factory’ production scheme ad in July 1935 de ae Defence of Great Britain became Fighter Command ner ACM Sir Hugh Dowsing Al ofthese facors weretobe of grt importance othe development ofthe Royal Ar Force during the peridleading upto the Second Word Wa Proton Scheme F af 1956 stated that 500 Hurricanes (and 540 spies) were bein service by March 1939. Barber ‘xpanson of the RAPhad heen achieved with older biplanes suchas the Hod, Hart, Fury Demon, Glaiatr and Gaunt By January 1937 Fighter Comman¢ hu (oe wasereatng) twenty si egular and otxiiacy fighter squadrens. OF these, ‘No 111 (Fighter) Squadron at Nora had received the ist arricanes ated Christmas 147, Theft far machines at this unit weteL1548 011551 and these were joined by tele more (L1352-11561, L1583 &L1564) before the end of February 1838, During this intl work upon thetypevte Squad, lead by Sqm John W. Gian, utereda few acidents, some of which were fatal Trying a nail confidence in his men fr the Harting lan undertook a high-speed ight fom Northolt to Turnhcuse and back en the 1th February 198, en though Inc encountered high beswinds om the Sight or, he was able to return the same day anduse te tain cover the 327mes in 4mites an average speed of 40875mph, The secon squadron, Nb 3 at RAF Kesey, eevee Kusvcare by ealy April and thei frst machines included 1565-11573 L1S76 1158041582, 1586-11588, I 11935, Lord Swinon, Secretary of Sate fr Ai had se up Modifications continued on the Hurticane, asthe proucton version tested by Havkerand 2 Martsham Meat showed tat the rade’ fet duringa spin reasery was slg deficient Tovercome this L1547 was ited with a inch extension atthe baseof the rade. stake on the lver fuselage as ade to ‘male the ese rudder lower profile andthe eilvhoel was Ghapter Inn gt acy Ueraia Alot ote 415 thers e138 NeW trae kel. These modifications were inonperated in production athe fom the 7th March 193, Insialaion of Rol- Royce festr eshaust stacks onthe production test aisfeame (L157) Shaved mph incesse over the kidney’ ype currently usd, ‘hse ne sector tacks were ite tll subsequent rodton aircraft and cero-ued tl existing machines. Alche prodictin example 0 farhad had the fixed-ptch Wats ‘ype 2890 wooden propel, bat in 1938 trials began with the {evillnd Hamitontvo-ptch three-blde metal propel: Inston ofthis propeller on L156 allowed pth of 0.5 Agee take-off and 425 degresfor Tight and thisresuked ‘nam increase in rate of dim Femsent to pedution aircraft e€ ‘is popellr began with L1720in January 1939 andinvolved some mocatons asthe type settings were relate fo engine spor and therfore existing Mer Il engineshod io be noifed witha revised special pepe sat Frome 2,997 Hedin Ia new universal shaft was installed and this ested inthe Maia I, which was fted to HurecaneL.1909 cowards Fiunett ofthe DH. variable pitch three blade propeller was ‘tarda on prodtin examples rom L198. Froduction of the Husricane was tv be improved with the ‘aig af new factory at Langley (PaclanePark Farm). ‘Thiswas achiev thanks tthe formation ofa Testy TOM, Sopwith in uly 1936 which owed Hawker to buy sharesof the Sel Dereopment Company. Theincreasd capil fired ty tispurchase alowed oan o be issued whch ead tothe comtraeton ofthe Langley factory By mid-1938 the factory ‘aswell onthe wayto completion and withthe increased ‘anding zralable tothe Gorernment afierthe Munich Crisis, farther onder for 1,600 Haticanes ws laced on te st ‘oeaber that ya. ig tw tn development and prdoction ‘eng occured othe September when fon Hindesesh askiled inte crash of 1652 Joining the eam after his was RC Rerelland he was flowed ltr by J.Griessen, With the sxiralo the Bf 109D an casnon armament oa the seine,

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