Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
St. Ignatius Technical Institute of Business and Arts

Prepared by: Ms. Anna Marie A. Herce

Ms. Pol Marcellana
Mr. Juan Carlos D. Santana
 Main Topic: INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY ART

Subtopic: Historical Background of an Art in the Philippines

Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to…

1. Appreciate the history of arts in the Philippines.

2. Distinguish contemporary period from the other art period.
3. Familiarize with the significant development of Philippine Arts.

Content Standard: Identifies various contemporary art forms and their practices from the
various regions.

ENTRY PASS:

On a whole intermediate/ yellow paper. Write your thoughts and expectations from this
subject.

TIMELINE OF ARTS THROUGH THE AGES

New Art Forms

Self-Expression

Fine Arts
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Genius and Design ROMANTIC PERIOD

Craftsmanship MODERN PERIOD

Skill RENAISSANCE PERIOD
Technique CHRISTIAN PERIOD

ROMAN PERIOD
GREEK PERIOD
TH -
1050-31BC 753-509BC
1050-31BC 753-509BC350-1450AD
350-1450AD1400-1500
1400-15001700-1800
1700-1800 1800-1900
1800-1900 20TH - 20
21STCENTURY
21STCENTURY

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: PHILIPPINE ARTS

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

1. Paleolithic- commonly known as old

stone age; Proof of earliest man’s
presence was recovered from a ranch site
in Cagayan Province, discovered two
flake tools dated about 9 million years,
other flake tools are recovered in tabon
caves Palawan, and some stone tools in
Bolobok (Sanga-sanga) in Tawi-tawi.

2. Neolithic-or new stone age; discovered

“shell bracelets and pendants” in
Cagayan, Palawan and Sorsogon, at the
4854 BC shells were fashioned into tools
as well as ornaments, oldest known
ornament made from cone shells were
found in early 1960’s in Duyong Cave
(Palawan).

Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD)

-A kind of ear pendant fashioned from green

nephrite (jade) is the characteristic trait of the
Early Metal Age.

-One of the finest jade ornaments found to date

is the double- headed pendant recovered from
Duyong Cave, Palawan. It is an example of the
superb craftsmanship of ancient carving in jade.

Maitum Jar (Metal Age: 190 BC to 500 AD)

-In 1991, the National Museum archaeological

team discovered anthropomorphic secondary
burial jars in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol,
Traditional Folk Dance

-An ancient art form that is still practiced today

-Long before the Spaniards came, native Filipinos

used dances to celebrate important events e.g.
harvests, weddings

-Many traditional dance troops keep this ancient

art alive. Some of these performers, including the
Bayanihan, Filipinescas, Barangay, and Hariraya
groups have received international acclaim.

Music

-Another art form that pre-colonial indigenous

Filipinos were accomplished in.

-Native cultures had their own distinct instruments

and styles of music.

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

-Artistic paintings were introduced to the Filipinos in the 16th century when the Spaniards
arrived in the Philippines.

-These paintings were mainly focused on religious

themes as they were used as religious propaganda
to spread Catholicism.

- Due to the Church's supervision of Filipino art

and Spanish occupation of the Philippines, the
purpose of most paintings from the 16th-
19thcentury were to aid the Catholic Church.

Early 19th Century

- Wealthier, educated Filipinos introduced more

secular art which in turn caused art to deviate from
the religious motifs

- Paintings from this point included landscapes, Philippine fashion, its inhabitants, etc.
Damian Gabor Domingo (1796-1834)
-Father of Filipino Painting
-The First Great Filipino Painter
-The 1st Filipino to paint his face (self-portrait)
-Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the
first school of drawing in the Philippines (1821)
Two Filipino Art Styles that were Developed
during the Spanish Period
Miniaturismo
-art style that pays attention to the embroidery and
texture of the costume.
Letras y Figuras
-art style that fuses letters with figures in every day
activity
amidst a common background. Usually used in
painting a patron’s full name.

AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

-Art Illustration, Advertising and Commercial Design

gained popularity and incorporated in Fine Arts.

-Painting themes still largely favored Genre Paintings,

Landscapes and Still Life; Portraits are reserved for high
ranking officials with a more academic approach to make
the subject more formal.
Art Nouveau

-also called style moderns

-a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in
western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I
-characterized by simple, clean shapes, often with a “streamlined”
look; ornament that is geometric or stylized from representational
forms; and unusually varied, often expensive materials

POST COLONIAL PERIOD

Philippine Modern Art (1946 – 1970)

-Some Philippine art historians/critics has always been a follower of the Western Art Style and
its trends at that point and thus, suggested that this was actually the point where Philippine
Modern Art Period started but went only full swing only after the war.

Philippine Post Modern Art (1970 – 1980s)

-The support of the Philippine Government for the arts via the creation of the Cultural Center of
the Philippines during 1969, gave a venue for all artist to experiment and explore different art
mediums -Pop Art, Installation Art, Performance Art

-Social realism became a heavy theme by most Filipino Artist as a social commentary of the
problem brewing in the Philippine political and social landscape.

Philippine Contemporary Art (1980s to Present)

-It was on the on-set of the sudden rise of personal computers and new technology created a new
art medium for the arts and human expression.

-There were also countless revivals of old styles being done.

-This started a new direction for the arts thus, setting the name, momentarily, the Philippine
Contemporary Period

Modern art
-Characterized by the artist's intent to portray a subject

as it exists in the world, according to his or her unique perspective and is typified by a rejection
of accepted or traditional styles and values

Postmodern art

-a body of art movements that sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects
that emerged or developed in its aftermath.

-In general, movements such as intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and multimedia,
particularly involving video are described as postmodern.

Activity: Answer the following on a Bond Paper.

 Using Venn diagram create a comparison and contrast from pre-colonial

period, Spanish period, and American period toidentify their similarities and
differences in a creative way.

Pre- Colonial
Period

American Spanish
Period Period

 Create a timeline that shows the historical overview of Philippine Arts.

UNDERSTANDING ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF CONTEMPORARY ARTS

Objectives: At the end of this lesson, you should be able to…

1. Define elements of arts.

2. Enumerate the different elements of arts.
3. Distinguish the principles of arts.

Elements of art are stylistic features that are included within an art piece to help the artist
communicate. The seven most common elements include line, shape, texture, form, space,
color and value, with the additions of mark making, and materiality.
Principles of Arts

Harmony

 Most essential factor in a composition.

 Also called UNITY
 Achieved when all the elements of a thing are put
together to come up with a coherent whole

Balance

 Known as Physical Equilibrium

 Stability produced by even distribution of
weight on each side of the thing
 Classified as FORMAL and INFORMAL
 FORMAL- weights at equal distance
from the center are equal.
(SYMMETRICAL)
 INFORMAL- when left and right
angles are not identical in appearance.
(ASSYMETRICAL)

Rhythm

 Continues use of motif/repetitive

pattern of a succession
 Can be achieved by alteration use of
two patterns, radiation, varying sizes,
parallelism use of a pattern with equal
distance from each other
Proportion

 Relationship of the
different parts in relation
to the whole
 Proper and pleasing
relationship of one subject
with the others in a design

Emphasis

 Giving importance to one or

more parts of the thing or the
whole thing itself.
 Achieved by means of size or
proportion, shape, color, line,
position, and variety.
 Usually artist emphasizes the one
with bigger size or portion, the
one different shape or color, the
one with striking lines, the ones
positioned at the center and the
one that is unique.

ACTIVITY:
Using a bond paper and any coloring materials create an artwork that shows contemporary arts in
the Philippine.
Lesson 2:
Contemporary Arts Forms and Practices from the Regions
Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to…

1. Classifies various arts forms in the Philippines.

2. Identify the different contemporary art forms and practices or initiatives from the
regions
3. Appreciate contemporary art forms and practices.

Content Standard: Understanding of the significant roles of artists from the regions.

Definition of Contemporary Arts

Contemporary Art

-the work of artists who are living in the 21st century.

-mirrors contemporary culture and society, offering the general audiences a rich resource through
which to consider current ideas and rethink the familiar.
-The work of contemporary artists is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts,
and subjects that challenges traditional boundaries and defies easy definition.
-Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform organizing
principle, ideology, or – ism.
-Forms of art that is produced in the present time. It includes, and develops from, postmodern art,
which is a successor to modern art.
Art and Spirituality

Art produced from the 16th to the 19th centuries was

predominantly religious in nature.

These were done under the auspices of Catholic Church.

Such as retablos, furniture, wall painting, bell casting,
gold vessels and priestly vestments
Filipino have created their own sense of faith and art as
shown by the prevalence of many folk religious practices that lived today.
Islamic faith predisposed Muslim art toward ornamental designs since the Koran forbids
anthropomorphic figures, but allow the following :Borak ,naga and sarimanok.

Called okir by the Maranao and ukkil by the Tausug, traditional carving shares a number of
designs, although with distinct regional variations. One common motif is called sarimanok by the
Maranao and manuk-manuk by the Tausug.

Islamic beliefs in the Philippines was highly influenced by Southeast Asian culture. Philippine
mythology is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the traditional oral literature of the
Filipino people.

Art in everyday life

The practice of art in Philippines is strongly characterized by its integration into everyday life of
people .I.e. Clothing and accessories

Art and Technology

Images for digital art contexts, Internet website and computer-generated images on film
Art and Politics

Art in the hands of the state can harness the resources of the government to impose its will.
Art comes in danger of becoming a propaganda tool by people with vested interest.
Political issues which government does not address find expression in various medium of protest.
The color red has been widely used in protest art to signify resistance and the need for societal
change.
An effigy is a representation of a specific person in the form of sculpture or some other three –
dimensional medium.

A. LITERATURE

The bond between the Philippines and the American still continues even after the declaration of
Independence in 1946 which is evident in the continual flourishment of modernism. In the field
of poetry during the contemporary period, publication of young poets to campus journals
emerged. The “Bagay” movement also took scene. It is a kind of poetry which uses colloquial
language and is built on concrete images which tend to describe experiences. Poets Jose F.
Lacaba, Rolando Tino, Bienvenido Lumbera, Antonio Samson and Edmundo Martinez started
the Bagay movement. An example of bagay poetry is the Valediction sa Hillcrest written by
Rolando Tinio, which employs Taglish. Later on, national consciousness was inserted into bagay
poetry. Amado V. Hernandez introduced another form of poetry through his work “Ang Bayang
Malaya”. It is a long narrative piece about a peasant leader. Oppression and fighting for human
rights are the main themes of the said piece. In the succeeding poems developed by Filipino
poets, the influence of Amado V. Hernandez was evident. Social protest and social realism
became the theme of the poems. Protest poetry proliferated. The nationalist spirit of many writers
arose because of the Marshall Law. During the contemporary period, the works of American and
British poets influenced the English poems in the Philippines. Poets like Edith Tiempo,
Emmanuel Torres and Dominador Ilio were among those who were influenced by Western poets.
Their works revolved on subjects like the search for love and identity, oppression and those
subjects concerning the poet’s private worlds. This kind of poetry was followed by poems
containing issues. The rise of the nationalistic poetry discussing poverty, in-equality, political
turmoil and other social problems started during the Marcos Era.

Philippines developed primarily in the oral tradition in poetic and narrative forms. Epic poems,
legends, proverbs, songs, and riddles were passed from generation to generation through oral
recitation and incantation in the various languages and dialects of the islands. The epics were the
most complex of these early literary forms. Most of the major tribal groups developed an original
epic that was chanted in episodic segments during a variety of social rituals. One common theme
of the epics is a hero who is aided by benevolent spirits. The epics that have survived are
important records of the ancient customs of tribal society before the arrival of Islam and
Christianity.
B. ART AND ARCHITECTURE

During most of the Spanish colonial period, the art and architecture of the Philippines were
strongly influenced by the patronage of the Roman Catholic Church.

In the late 1920s Victorio Edades an American-trained painter, infused modernism into the
Philippine art world. Many Philippine painters who were influenced by American and European
modernism also experimented with it to reflect Philippine realities

Sculpture took on secular themes in the early 1900s. The major Filipino sculptor of the American
colonial period was Guillermo Tolentino, who trained in classical sculpture in Rome.

More recently, sculptors have tended to utilize ethnic artifacts and natural materials to produce
assemblages with social themes. Tribal groups have preserved traditional art forms such as

woodcarving, textile weaving, bamboo and rattan weaving, and metalsmithing.

C. MUSIC
During the early American period, the music of the country was mostly classical due to the
influence of the European. This kind of music continued flourishing until the 1950s. It was in the
1960s that avant-grade music emerged. The Philippine music at the time evolved into a
combination of classical and traditional or ethnic music. As time goes by, due to the introduction
of radio, film and other entertainment technology, the theater music that once flourished
gradually declined. However, the rondallas or the string bands remain even up to the present.
Philippine music continuously evolved and Pinoy pop or the Filipino pop music took place.
Pinoy pop covers different like jazz, dance hits, folksong revival, rock and roll, rap, etc. With the
development of Pinoy pop, Manila sounds was born. This music is characterized as Western
derived with English lyrics but with pure Filipino spirit. Later on, the OPM or the Original Pilino
Music became popular. The OPM is a kind of music purely Filipino and is composed and sung
by Filipino composers and singers. The OPM was followed by another form of popular music
called “alternative music”. Folk balladeers influenced alternative music. This type of music
sprouted out of protest that later on included themes like Filipino values, political and
environmental concern, and other societal themes. Some examples of alternative music are
Freddie Aguilar’s Anak, Herber Bartolome’s Tayo’y Mga Pinoy and Florante De Leon’s Ako’y
Pilipino.

D. DANCE
During the first years of the American period, vaudeville or bodabil dancing became popular.
Bodabil is a kind of stage show introduced by the American. Dances like buck-and-wing, tap
dancing, clog, skirt dancing were among the dances being performance in the show. Later on,
European classical ballet entered the scene. There were ballet dance groups from other countries
who went to the Philippines to perform. Other ballet dancers became instructors and taught
Filipinas like Remedios de Oteyza and Leonor Orosa. The huge popularity of ballet led to the
birth of many ballet dancers in the Philippines during that time. The ballet was followed by a
modern dance. Modern dance is revolutionary in nature and does not conform to the rules of
classical ballet. Modern dance deals with a mixture of a wide range of dances, Western and
Asian dances, traditional dances and other experimental dances.

E. FILM

The film industry in the Philippines started in 1897 through the initiatives of foreign
businessmen. Swiss entrepreneurs were the first to feature film shows in Manila. The film
became popular in 1912 when foreigners Edward Gross and Harry Brown produced the film
about the life of Dr. Jose Rizal. This started filmmaking in the country. The first Filipino, who
produced film and is also tagged as the “Father of Philippine Movies”, is Jose Nepomuceno. His
work was entitled “Dalagang Bukid”. Philippine film during the early times was greatly
influenced by Hollywood since the local directors set Hollywood movies as their model.
However, the Filipino producers still cannot level with the quality of American movies due to
outdated technology and limited budget. The only edge of the Filipinos and used Tagalog as its
language.

Activity: Using a bond paper and any coloring materials create an artwork that shows
contemporary arts in the Philippines
Lesson 3:

National Artist and their Contributions to Particular Areas

Objectives: At the end of this lesson, you should be able to…

1. Understand the Order of the National Artist

2. Identify National Artists and their specific contributions in the Philippine Art,
3. Appreciate the roles of the artists in the development, preservation and promotion
of the Philippine Arts,

Content Standard: Understanding of the significant roles of artists from the regions.

Order of National Artist

The Republic of the Philippines, through the National Commission for Culture and the Arts
(NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP), established the Order of the National
Artist Award or the Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining on April 27, 1972 under
Proclamation No. 1001. This award seeks to give honor to the Filipino individuals with
outstanding share in the cultural heritage and cultural identity of the country by means of their
valuable efforts and contribution to the Philippine arts specially in the areas of Visual Arts,
Dance, Music, Architecture Design and Allied Arts, Broadcast and Film, Theater and Literature.

MUSIC
Antonino R. Buenaventura
Antonino R. Buenaventura vigorously pursued a musical career
that spanned seven decades of unwavering commitment to
advancing the frontiers of Philippine music. In 1935,
Buenaventura joined Francisca Reyes-Aquino to conduct research
on folksongs and dances that led to its popularization.
Buenaventura composed songs, compositions, for solo
instruments as well as symphonic and orchestral works based on
the folksongs of various Philippine ethnic groups. He was also a
conductor and restored the Philippine Army Band to its former
prestige as one of the finest military bands in the world making it
“the only band that can sound like a symphony orchestra”.

This once sickly boy who played the clarinet proficiently has written several marches such as the
“Triumphal March,” “Echoes of the Past,” “History Fantasy,” Second Symphony in E-flat,
“Echoes from the Philippines,” “Ode to Freedom.” His orchestral music compositions include
Concert Overture, Prelude and Fugue in G Minor, Philippines Triumphant, Mindanao Sketches,
Symphony in C Major, among others.

Jose Maceda
Jose Maceda, composer, musicologist, teacher and performer,
explored the musicality of the Filipino deeply. Maceda embarked
on a life-long dedication to the understanding and popularization of
Filipino traditional music. Maceda’s researches and fieldwork have
resulted in the collection of an immense number of recorded music
taken from the remotest mountain villages and farthest island
communities. He wrote papers that enlightened scholars, both
Filipino and foreign, about the nature of Philippine traditional and
ethnic music. Maceda’s experimentation also freed Filipino
musical expression from a strictly Eurocentric mold.

Usually performed as a communal ritual, his compositions like

Ugma-ugma (1963), Pagsamba (1968), and Udlot-udlot (1975), are monuments to his unflagging
commitment to Philippine music. Other major works include Agungan, Kubing, Pagsamba,
Ugnayan, Ading, Aroding, Siasid, Suling-suling.

Lucrecia R. Kasilag
Lucrecia R. Kasilag reinforces the Filipino’s appreciation to
music by fusing Western influences to Philippine ethnic music.
She integrated ethnic instruments in her orchestral production like
“Toccata for Percussions and Winds, Divertissement and
Concertante”, Filiasiana, De Profundis and Misang Pilipino. Her
other works include Legend of the Sarimanok, Philippine Scenes,
Her Son, Ang Pamana. Jose, Sisa, Awit ng mga Awit Psalms,
Fantasie on a 4-Note Theme and East Meets Jazz Ethnika. Also,
Kasilag was the music director of the Bayanihan Dance
Company. Together with other artists, she made the group of the
finest cultural dance group in the Philippines.
Ernani J. Cuenco
Ernani J. Cuenco is a seasoned musician born in May 10, 1936
in Malolos, Bulacan. A composer, film scorer, musical director
and music teacher, he wrote an outstanding and memorable
body of works that resonate with the Filipino sense of
musicality and which embody an ingenious voice that raises
the aesthetic dimensions of contemporary Filipino music.
Cuenco played with the Filipino Youth Symphony Orchestra
and the Manila Symphony Orchestra from 1960 to 1968, and
the Manila Chamber Soloists from 1966 to 1970. He
completed a music degree in piano and cello from the
University of Santo Tomas where he also taught for decades
until his death in 1988.

His songs and ballads include “Nahan, Kahit na Magtiis,” and “Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw
na Lupa,” “Pilipinas,” “Inang Bayan,” “Isang Dalangin,” “Kalesa,” “Bato sa Buhangin” and
“Gaano Kita Kamahal.” The latter song shows how Cuenco has enriched the Filipino love ballad
by adding the elements of kundiman to it.

Lucio San Pedro

Lucio San Pedro is a master composer, conductor, and teacher
whose music evokes the folk elements of the Filipino heritage.
Cousin to “Botong” Francisco, San Pedro produced a wide-
ranging body of works that includes band music, concertos for
violin and orchestra, choral works, cantatas, chamber music,
music for violin and piano, and songs for solo voice. He was
the conductor of the much acclaimed Peng Kong Grand Mason
Concert Band, the San Pedro Band of Angono, his father’s
former band, and the Banda Angono Numero Uno. His civic
commitment and work with town bands have significantly
contributed to the development of a civic culture among
Filipino communities and opened a creative outlet for young
Filipinos.His orchestral music include The Devil’s Bridge, Malakas at Maganda
Overture,Prelude and Fugue in D minor, Hope and Ambition; choral music Easter Cantata, Sa
Mahal Kong Bayan, Rizal’s Valedictory Poem; vocal music Lulay,Sa Ugoy ng Duyan, In the
Silence of the Night; and band music Dance of the Fairies, Triumphal March, Lahing
Kayumanggi, Angononian March among others.
Antonio J. Molina
Antonio J. Molina, versatile musician, composer, music
educator was the last of the musical triumvirate, two of whom
were Nicanor Abelardo and Francisco Santiago, who elevated
music beyond the realm of folk music. At an early age, he took
to playing the violoncello and played it so well it did not take
long before he was playing as orchestra soloist for the Manila
Grand Opera House. Molina is credited with introducing such
innovations as the whole tone scale, pentatonic scale,
exuberance of dominant ninths and eleventh cords, and linear
counterpoints. As a member of the faculty of the UP
Conservatory, he had taught many of the country’s leading
musical personalities and educators like Lucresia Kasilag and
Felipe de Leon.

Molina’s most familiar composition is Hatinggabi, a serenade for solo violin and piano
accompaniment. Other works are (orchestral music) Misa Antoniana Grand Festival Mass, Ang
Batingaw, Kundiman- Kundangan; (chamber music) Hating Gabi, String Quartet, Kung sa Iyong
Gunita, Pandangguhan; (vocal music) Amihan, Awit ni Maria Clara, Larawan Nitong Pilipinas,
among others.

Francisco Feliciano
Francisco Feliciano was a musician, composer, teacher and
conductor known for incorporating “Asianess” in his music. His
works show the rich culture and ethnicity of Asia especially the
Philippines. This world renowned artist created unique musical
works by transforming our indigenous music to a level equal to
the music of the western countries. In his choral pieces, he used
musical lines from the ethnic songs resulting to the enthusiastic
harmony of sound and culture. His operas and orchestral works,
on the other hand, have unique musical language carrying
contemporary style that uses modal scales. His major works
include Sihay sa Kabila ng Paalam, La Loba negra, Pokpok
Alimako, Pamagun, Yerma and the Ashen Wings.
Levi Celerio
Levi Celerio (April 30, 1910 – April 2, 2002) was a Filipino
composer and lyricist who is credited to writing not less
than 4,000 songs. Celerio was recognized as a National
Artist of the Philippines for Music and Literature in 1997.

He is also known for using the leaf as a musical instrument

which led to being recognized as the "only man who could
play music using a leaf" by the Guinness Book of
Records.This led to him making guest appearance in
television shows recorded outside the Philippines. Aside
from being a musician, Celerio is also poet. He was also a
film actor who appeared in various Philippine films of the
1950s and 1960s.

Ramon Santos
Ramon Santos’ music highlights Asia’s and Philippines’
rich artistic tradition and features elements from western
and non-western areas. He combined Philippine indigenous
instruments and vocals to orchestral instrumentals and other
instruments from foreign nations like the Javanese gamelan.
He is also composed works that interweaved Asian culture,
drama, poetry and dance like his Sandiwaan, Daragang
Magayon, Ta-O, Awit ni Pulau, etc. Moreover, included in
his popular unique compositions is the Kulintang. It is a
piece for solo piano which resembles the sound of
kulintang, a musical instrument from Mindanao. Santos
promoted the Philippine music to other nations through his
cultural education programs. He organized an international
festival for rondalla and forum for traditional music attended by composers.
Jovita Fuentes
Jovita Fuentes‘portrayal of Cio-cio san in Giacomo Puccini’s
Madame Butterfly at Italy’s Teatro Municipale di Piacenza.
Her performance was hailed as the “most sublime
interpretation of the part”. This is all the more significant
because it happened at a time when the Philippines and its
people were scarcely heard of in Europe. Prior to that, she was
teaching at the University of the Philippines Conservatory of
Music (1917) before leaving for Milan in 1924 for further
voice studies. After eight months of arduous training, she made
her stage debut at the Piacenza. She later embarked on a string
of music performances in Europe essaying the roles of Liu Yu
in Puccini’s Turnadot, Mimi in Puccini’s La Boheme, Iris in
Pietro Mascagni’s Iris, the title role of Salome (which composer Richard Strauss personally
offered to her including the special role of Princess Yang Gui Fe in Li Tai Pe). In recognition of
these achievements, she was given the unprecedented award of “Embahadora de Filipinas a su
Madre Patria” by Spain. Her dream to develop the love for opera among her countrymen led her
to found the Artists’ Guild of the Philippines, which was responsible for the periodic “Tour of
Operaland” productions. Her life story has been documented in the biography Jovita Fuentes: A
Lifetime of Music (1978) written by Lilia H. Chung, and later translated into Filipino by Virgilio
Almario.

Felipe Padilla de Leon

Felipe Padilla de Leon, composer, coductor, and scholar,
Filipinized western music forms, a feat aspired for by Filipino
composers who preceded him.The prodigious body of De Leon’s
musical compositions, notably the sonatas, marches, and
concertos have become the full expression of the sentiments and
aspirations of the Filipino in times of strife and of peace, making
him the epitome of a people’s musician.

He is the recipient of various awards and distinctions: Republic

Cultural Heritage Award, Doctor of Humanities from UP, Rizal
Pro-Patria Award, Presidential Award of Merit, Patnubay ng
Kalinangan Award, among others.De Leon’s orchestral music include Mariang Makiling
Overture (1939), Roca Encantada, symphonic legend (1950), Maynila Overture (1976),
Orchesterstuk(1981); choral music like Payapang Daigdig, Ako’y Pilipino, Lupang Tinubuan,
Ama Namin; and songs Bulaklak, Alitaptap, and Mutya ng Lahi.
Andrea Veneracion,
Andrea Veneracion, is highly esteemed for her achievements
as choirmaster and choral arranger. Two of her indispensable
contributions in culture and the arts include the founding of the
Philippine Madrigal Singers and the spearheading of the
development of Philippine choral music. A former faculty
member of the UP College of Music and honorary chair of the
Philippine Federation of Choral Music, she also organized a
cultural outreach program to provide music education and
exposure in several provinces. Born in Manila on July 11,
1928, she is recognized as an authority on choral music and
performance and has served as adjudicator in international
music competitions.

Francisca Reyes Aquino

Francisca Reyes Aquino is acknowledged as the Folk Dance
Pioneer. This Bulakeña began her research on folk dances in
the 1920’s making trips to remote barrios in Central and
Northern Luzon. Her research on the unrecorded forms of local
celebration, ritual and sport resulted into a 1926 thesis titled
“Philippine Folk Dances and Games,” and arranged
specifically for use by teachers and playground instructors in
public and private schools.

In the 1940’s, she served as supervisor of physical education at

the Bureau of Education that distributed her work and adapted
the teaching of folk dancing as a medium of making young
Filipinos aware of their cultural heritage.

In 1954, she received the Republic Award of Merit given by the late Pres. Ramon Magsaysay for
“outstanding contribution toward the advancement of Filipino culture”, one among the many
awards and recognition given to her.Her books include the following: Philippine National
Dances (1946); Gymnastics for Girls (1947); Fundamental Dance Steps and Music
(1948);Foreign Folk Dances (1949); Dances for all Occasion (1950); Playground Demonstration
(1951); and Philippine Folk Dances, Volumes I to VI.
Ramon Obusan
Ramon Obusan was a *dancer, choreographer, stage designer
and artistic director. He achieved phenomenal success in
Philippine dance and cultural work. He was also
acknowledged as a researcher, archivist and documentary
filmmaker who broadened and deepened the Filipino
understanding of his own cultural life and expressions.
Through the Ramon Obusan Folkloric Grop (ROFG), he had
effected cultural and diplomatic exchanges using the
multifarious aspects and dimensions of the art of dance.

“Vamos a Belen! Series” (1998-2004) Philippine Dances

Tradition

“Noon Po sa Amin,” tableaux of Philippine History in song,

drama and dance

“Obra Maestra,” a collection of Ramon Obusan’s dance masterpieces

“Unpublished Dances of the Philippines,” Series I-IV

“Water, Fire and Life, Philippine Dances and Music–A Celebration of Life

Saludo sa Sentenyal”

“Glimpses of ASEAN, Dances and Music of the ASEAN-Member Countries”

“Saplot (Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group): Philippines Costumes in Dance”

Dubbed the “Trailblazer”, “Mother of Philippine Theater Dance” and “Dean of Filipino
Performing Arts Critics”, Leonor Orosa Goquingco, pioneer Filipino choreographer in balletic
folkloric and Asian styles, produced for over 50 years highly original, first-of-a-kind
choreographies, mostly to her own storylines. These include “TREND: Return to Native,” “In a
Javanese Garden,” “Sports,” “VINTA!,” “In a Concentration Camp,” “The Magic Garden,” “The
Clowns,” “Firebird,” “Noli Dance Suite,” “The Flagellant,” “The Creation…” Seen as her most
ambitious work is the dance epic “Filipinescas: Philippine Life, Legend and Lore.” With it,
Orosa brought native folk dance, mirroring Philippine culture from pagan to modern times, to its
highest stage of development.
Alice Reyes
Alice Reyes’ major and most significant contribution in the
Philippine dance is the development of unique Filipino modern
dance idiom. She creatively interweaved Philippine ethnic
dance, modern dance and ballet producing a one of a kind
contemporary dance routine. She popularized contemporary
dance in the Philippines through her concerts, tours, outreach
works and lecture-demonstrations in schools. Some of her
major works are Amada, tales of the Manuyu, Bayanihan
Remembered, Rama Hari and At a Maranaw Gathering.

Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula
Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula, choreographer, dance educator and
researcher, spent almost four decades in the discovery and
study of Philippine folk and ethnic dances. She applied her
findings to project a new example of an ethnic dance culture
that goes beyond simple preservation and into creative growth.
Over a period of thirty years, she had choreographed suites of
mountain dances, Spanish-influenced dances, Muslim pageants
and festivals, regional variations and dances of the countryside
for the Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company of which she
was the dance director. These dances have all earned critical
acclaim and rave reviews from audiences in their world tours
in Americas, Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa.

Among the widely acclaimed dances she had staged were the following: Singkil, a Bayanihan
signature number based on a Maranao epic poem; Vinta, a dance honoring Filipino sailing
prowess; Tagabili, a tale of tribal conflict; Pagdiwata, a four-day harvest festival condensed into
a six-minute breath-taking spectacle; Salidsid, a mountain wedding dance ; Idaw, Banga and
Aires de Verbena.
 THEATER
Daisy H. Avellana
Daisy H. Avellana, is an actor, director and writer. Born in
Roxas City, Capiz on January 26, 1917, she elevated
legitimate theater and dramatic arts to a new level of
excellence by staging and performing in breakthrough
productions of classic Filipino and foreign plays and by
encouraging the establishment of performing groups and the
professionalization of Filipino theater. Together with her
husband, National Artist Lamberto Avellana and other
artists, she co-founded the Barangay Theatre Guild in 1939
which paved the way for the popularization of theatre and
dramatic arts in the country, utilizing radio and
television.She starred in plays like Othello (1953), Macbeth
in Black (1959), Casa de Bernarda Alba (1967), Tatarin. She
is best remembered for her portrayal of Candida Marasigan in the stage and film versions of Nick
Joaquin’s Portrait of the Artist as Filipino. Her directorial credits include Diego Silang (1968),
and Walang Sugat (1971). Among her screenplays were Sakay (1939) and Portrait of the Artist
as Filipino (1955).

Rolando S. Tinio
Rolando S. Tinio, playwright, thespian, poet, teacher, critic, and
translator marked his career with prolific artistic productions.
Tinio’s chief distinction is as a stage director whose original
insights into the scripts he handled brought forth productions
notable for their visual impact and intellectual cogency.
Subsequently, after staging productions for the Ateneo
Experimental Theater (its organizer and administrator as well), he
took on Teatro Pilipino. It was to Teatro Pilipino which he left a
considerable amount of work reviving traditional Filipino drama
by re-staging old theater forms like the sarswela and opening a
treasure-house of contemporary Western drama. It was the
excellence and beauty of his practice that claimed for theater a
place among the arts in the Philippines in the 1960s.Aside from his collections of poetry (Sitsit
sa Kuliglig, Dunung – Dunungan, Kristal na Uniberso, A Trick of Mirrors) among his works
were the following: film scripts for Now and Forever, Gamitin Mo Ako, Bayad Puri and
Milagros; sarswelas Ang Mestisa, Ako, Ang Kiri, Ana Maria; the komedya Orosman at Zafira;
and Larawan, the musical.
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero is a teacher and theater artist whose
35 years of devoted professorship has produced the most
sterling luminaries in Philippine performing arts today:
Behn Cervantes, Celia Diaz-Laurel, Joy Virata, Joonee
Gamboa, etc. In 1947, he was appointed as UP Dramatic
Club director and served for 16 years. As founder and
artistic director of the UP Mobile Theater, he pioneered the
concept of theater campus tour and delivered no less than
2,500 performances in a span of 19 committed years of
service. By bringing theatre to countryside, Guerrero made
it possible for students and audiences in general to
experience the basic grammar of staging and acting in
familiar and friendly ways through his plays that humorously reflect the behavior of the Filipino.

His plays include Half an Hour in a Convent, Wanted: A Chaperon, Forever, Condemned,
Perhaps, In Unity, Deep in My Heart, Three Rats, Our Strange Ways, The Forsaken House,
Frustrations.

Honorata “Atang” dela Rama

Honorata “Atang” dela Rama started her theatrical career in
an early age. At the age of seven, she has already been a part
of different Spanish zarzuelas. From then on, she played
many roles in numerous productions where she became
popular and hailed as the Queen of Kundiman. She
performed kundiman and Filipino songs for indigenous
communities all over the country. For her, the kundiman and
sarswelas mirrors the Filipino people.The sarsuelas she
became part of, are Dalagang Bukid, Mascota, Marina,
Pangarap ni Rosa, etc. The songs she popularized are
Pakiusap, Ay Kalisud, Madaling Araw and Kung Iibig Ka.
The sarswelas she wrote Puri at Bahay, Anak ni Eba, and Aking Ina.
Salvador F. Bernal
Salvador F. Bernal designed more than 300 productions
distinguished for their originality since 1969. Sensitive to the
budget limitations of local productions, he harnessed the
design potential of inexpensive local materials, pioneering or
maximizing the use of bamboo, raw abaca, and abaca fiber,
hemp twine, rattan chain links and gauze cacha.As the
acknowledged guru of contemporary Filipino theater design,
Bernal shared his skills with younger designers through his
classes at the University of the Philippines and the Ateneo de
Manila University, and through the programs he created for
the CCP Production Design Center which he himself
conceptualized and organized.To promote and professionalize
theater design, he organized the PATDAT (Philippine Association of Theatre Designers and
Technicians) in 1995 and by way of Philippine Center of OISTAT (Organization Internationale
des Scenographes, Techniciens et Architectes du Theatre), he introduced Philippine theater
design to the world.

Severino Montano
Severino Montano is the forerunner in institutionalizing
“legitimate theater” in the Philippines. Taking up courses and
graduate degrees abroad, he honed and shared his expertise with
his countrymates. As Dean of Instruction of the Philippine
Normal College, Montano organized the Arena Theater to bring
drama to the masses. He trained and directed the new
generations of dramatists including Rolando S. Tinio,
Emmanuel Borlaza, Joonee Gamboa, and Behn Cervantes.

He established a graduate program at the Philippine Normal

College for the training of playwrights, directors, technicians,
actors, and designers. He also established the Arena Theater Playwriting Contest that led to the
discovery of Wilfrido Nolledo, Jesus T. Peralta, and Estrella Alfon.

Among his awards and recognitions are the Patnubay ng Kalinangan Award from the City of
Manila (1968), Presidential Award for Merit in Drama and Theater (1961), and the Rockefeller
Foundation Grant to travel to 98 cities abroad (1950, 1952, 1962, and 1963).
 VISUAL ARTS
Fernando Amorsolo
Fernando Amorsolo was born on May 30, 1892, in Paco,
Manila.At the age of 13, Amorsolo became an apprentice to
De la Rosa, who would eventually become the advocate
and guide to Amorsolo's painting career. Amorsolo's first
success as a young painter came in 1908, when his
painting Leyendo el periódico took second place at
the Bazar Escolta, a contest organized by
the AsociacionInternacional de Artistas. Between 1909 and
1914, he enrolled at the Art School of the Liceo de Manila
After graduating from the Liceo, he entered the University
of the Philippines' School of Fine Arts.Labelled the
country’s first National Artist in 1972 by then President Marcos, Fernando Amorsolo is often
known as the ‘Grand Old Man of Philippine Art’. The Spanish-trained realist developed a
backlighting technique, where his colorful depictions of local people reflect the radiance of the
Philippine sun. The figures and illuminated landscapes magically glow on the canvas. Despite
his deteriorating health and failing eyesight, he remained prolific until the end, producing up to
10 paintings a month until his death at the age of 80. Amorsolo’s creativity defines the nation’s
culture and heritage to this day.

‘The Fruit Gatherer’, 1950 © Fernando Amorsolo

Hernando R. Ocampo
Hernando R. Ocampo, a self-taught painter, was a leading member of
the pre-war Thirteen Moderns, the group that charted the course of
modern art in the Philippines. His works provided an understanding
and awareness of the harsh social realities in the country immediately
after the Second World War and contributed significantly to the rise
of the nationalist spirit in the post-war era. It was, however, his
abstract works that left an indelible mark on Philippine modern art.
His canvases evoked the lush Philippine landscape, its flora and fauna,
under the sun and rain in fierce and bold colors. He also played a pivotal role in sustaining the
Philippine Art Gallery, the country’s first.Ocampo’s acknowledged masterpiece Genesis served
as the basis of the curtain design of the Cultural Center of the Philippines Main Theater. His
other major works include Ina ng Balon, Calvary, Slum Dwellers, Nude with Candle and Flower,
Man and Carabao, Angel’s Kiss, Palayok at Kalan, Ancestors,Isda at Mangga, The Resurrection,
Fifty-three “Q”, Backdrop, Fiesta.

Hernando Ocampo’s Genesis

Benedicto Cabrera
Benedicto Cabrera, popularly known as BenCab, is an award-
winning painter and print maker who were tagged as a master of
the Philippine contemporary art. The most popular subject of his
painting was “Sabel”, the woman scavenger roaming the streets
of his hometown when we were young. Sabel depicts poverty
and inequalities in the Philippine society.

Bencab was internationally known and had been exhibiting in

Europe, United States of America and Asia. In his around forty
years of being a visual artist, he receive various awards, and two
of these recognition are the National
Artist Award and the Gawad CCP
para sa Sining

Benedicto Cabrera’s Sabel

Carlos “Botong” Francisco
Carlos “Botong” Francisco was a muralist from Angono,
Rizal. For nearly three decades, Francisco painted murals
showing the historical past of the Philippines. Most of his
subjects depict the life in his hometown and highlight the
lives of the farmers and the fishermen. The significant
elements in Francisco’s paintings were their lines and shapes
that seem like cutouts and their lush tropical colors.

Francisco is one of the so-called “The Triumvirate” along

the other modernists Galo Ocampo and Victorio Edades,
who introduced modern art to the country.

His major works include Blood Compact, The Martyrdom of

Rizal, Bayanihan, Sandugo, Portrait of Purita, First Mass at
Limasawa, The Invasion of Limahong etc.

Carlos Francisco Blood

Compact

Cesar Legaspi
Cesar Legaspi is one of the Thirteen Moderns, who promoted
modern arts in the country. The thirteen moderns were the artists
who followed the steps of the triumvirate Victorio Edades,
Carlos Francisco, and Galo Ocampo, these artists pioneered
Philippine Modernism. He was a neo-realist whose important

contribution to modern art was his refinement of cubism in the

Philippine context. He indigenized cubism and produced art-
works showing local temperaments.Some of his major art pieces
are: The Beggars, The Stairway, The Ritual, The Survivor,
Gadget I and II, Flight, Struggle, Peace, Bayanihan, Façade,
Ovary, Idols of the Third Eye, among others.

Cesar Legaspi’s Gadgets

Abdulmari Asia Imao

Abdulmari Asia Imao is a visual artist from Sulu, who articulated
the Muslim culture and art in the country. He preserved and
promoted the Philippine indigenous art through the use of ethnic
themes like the ukkil, sarimanok and naga in his paintings and
sculptures. Through his works, Imao empowered cultural groups
to take part in promoting equality and in building a better
society.

His artworks include murals like the industry Brass Mural of the
Philippine National Bank, Industrial Mural of the Central Bank
of the Philippines and the Mural Relief in Filmmaking painted in
the Manila City Hall.

Abdulmari Imao’s Sarimanok

Guillermo Tolentino
Guillermo Tolentino was the master sculptor who introduced
classical sculpture in the country. His works, through classical style,
are still identifiable Filipino. He was known for creating monuments
and bust figures of Philippine heroes like Andres Bonifacio and Jose
Rizal and Philippine presidents like Manuel Quezon and Ramon
Magsaysay. He was also the one who created the UP Oblation,
which became the representation of the academic freedom of the
university.

Guillermo Tolentino’s Oblation

Arturo Luz
Arturo Luz is an abstractionist known for his minimalist paintings
and sculptures which exude sophisticated simplicity. He started
doing art at the age of 17 without prior training. Then, later on,
had his first art lesson under the tutelage of Pablo Amorsolo,
brother of Fernando Amorsolo. He then enrolled at the University
of Sto.Tomas and took up Fine Arts. He also studied abroad in US
and Europe to further improve his skills in art making. His major
painting pieces include Procession, Bagong Taon, Vendedor de
Flores, Skipping Rope, Candle Vendors, Self Portrait, Night Glows. Grand Finale and Cyclist
Series.

Arturo Luz’ Bagong Taon

Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz
Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz was the artist known for his gestural
abstract expressionistic paintings using a variety of mediums like
acrylic and oils. He was also a sculptor who produced abstract
and figurative sculptures made of material like ceramics, paper
and mixed media.His works include Reveries of Love, Still Life
with Landscape, Panoramic View of Manila, Tres Marias, and
Tap Room, among others.

Frederico Alcuaz’ Reveries of Love

Napoleon Abueva
Napoleon Abueva is the Father of Modern Philippine
Sculpture, who made us of wide range of materials in his works
like different types of hardwood, stones and metals. He was
also the sculptor who started the trend in mixing different
materials like metal and stone in making sculptures.

Among his notable works are Nine Muses, Kaganapan,

Stations of the Cross, Sunburst and The Transfiguration.

Napoleon Abueva’s Nine

Muses
Jeremias Elizalde Navarro
J. (Jeremias) Elizalde Navarro was born on May 22, 1924 in
Antique. He is a versatile artist, being both a proficient painter
and sculptor. His devotion to the visual arts spans 40 years of
drawing, printmaking, graphic designing, painting and sculpting.
His masks carved in hardwood merge the human and the animal;
his paintings consist of abstracts and figures in oil and
watercolor; and his assemblages fuse found objects and metal
parts. He has done a series of figurative works drawing
inspiration from Balinese art and culture, his power as a master of
colors largely evident in his large four-panel The Seasons (1992:
Prudential Bank collection).

Navarro sampler includes his ’50s and ’60s fiction illustrations for This Week of the Manila
Chronicle, and the rotund, India-ink figurative drawings for Lydia Arguilla’s storybook, Juan
Tamad. Three of his major mixed media works are I’m Sorry Jesus, I Can’t Attend Christmas
This Year (1965), and his Homage to Dodjie Laurel (1969: Ateneo Art Gallery collection), and
A Flying Contraption for Mr. Icarus (1984: Lopez Museum).

Jeremias Navarro’s
Passenger’s on to Central
Station, 1957

Francisco Coching
Tagged as “Dean of Filipino Illustrators”, Francisco Coching
was popular for his komiks drawings. The significant features
of Coching’s works were their fluid drawings and dramatic
storyline. Fantasy, love and adventure were the usual themes of
his works drawing inspiration from awit and korido. His works
illiustrated gallant men and beautiful ladies and the victory of
good over evil. Among his works are Lapu-Lapu, Pedro Penduko, Hagibis, El Nido and Maldita.

Francisco Coching’s Pedro Penduko

Victorio Edades
Victorio Edades is the “Father of Modern Philippine
Painting”. He was one of the “Triumvirates” who introduced
modernism in the Philippine Visual Art. Upon his arrival to
the Philippines after studying abroad, Edades shocked many
Filipinos on his exhibit due to his non-conventional style of
painting. He deviated from Amorsolo’s use of happy and
bright colors and used dark and sad hues in his paintings
instead. Depicted in his works were the hardships in the life
of the laborers and the lower class in the society.

The Sketch, Japanese Girl, Mother and Daughter, The

Wrestler and Poinsettia Girl are among his famous art pieces.

Victorio Edades’ The Sketch

Ang Kiukok
Ang Kiukok was born on March 1, 1931, in Davao, Davao
Province, Philippines. Ang Kiukok is the pioneer of Philippine
modern figurative expressionism. Rewarded as the country’s
National Artist in 2001, he was one of the most successful
commercial figures on the local art scene from the 1960s until
his death from cancer in 2005. Like Amorsolo, his paintings are
popular at auctions and have received exceptionally high bids
at Sotheby’s and Christie’s. He is known for his distinct cubist
and surrealist portrayals of the crucifixion of Christ and mother
and child. However, he is acclaimed for his series of Fishermen
at Sea, which connects both energy, faith and the struggle of
fishermen under a vibrant crimson sun labouring together to bring in the haul for the day.

His notable works are represented in the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the National
Historical Museum of Taipei and the National Museum in Singapore.

‘The Fishermen’, 1981 © Ang

Kiukok

Jose Joya
Jose Joya is an abstractionist known for his “gestural
paintings”. The prominent elements of his artworks include
their color harmony inspired by the country’s landscapes,
their kinetic energy and their spontaneity. Joya applied
paints in broad brush strokes either b using brushes o
spatula or by directly applying paint from the tube or by
splashing paint into the canvas.

He is also a multimedia artist who painted on ceramics such

as vessels, plates, and tiles. As an artist, he promoted visual
arts to the ounger generation by conducting regional
workshops.

Some of his works include: Approaching Storm, Space Transfiguration, and Beethoven Listening
to blues, City Entering the Edge of Sundown and Dimension of Fear, among others.

Jose Joya’s
Approaching
Storm

Vicente Manansala
Vicente Manansala was a cubist painter who painted with a
wide range of subject matters from the happy and bountiful
rural to poverty-stricken urban set ups. Manansala contributed
in the modernism of Philippines visual arts by his style of
transparent cubism. Unlike the usual Paris Cubism,
Manansala’s style of cubism does not fragmentize human
figures. He reorganized human forms in transparent planets
instead.After finishing a degree in Fine Arts at the University
of the Philippines, he worked as an illustrator of the Philippines
Herald where he became acquainted with Hernando Ocampo,
Carlos Francisco and Cesar Legaspi. Manansala admired
Botong Francisco the most who influenced his art making.

Among his notable works include Mother and Child, A Cluster Nipa Hut, Nude, Via Crucis,
Market Vendors and I Believe in God.

Vicente
Manansala’s
Market Vendor
 LITERATURE
Francisco Arcellana
Francisco Arcellana is one of the proponents of modern Filipino
short story which uses English as its language. Due to his
innovativeness in developing fiction, he was able to come up
with short stories using lyrical prose-poetic approach. His
works depict Filipino’s sensibility. He had published books,
poems and short stories. Included in his collection of short
stories are Death in a Factory, A Clown Remembers, Frankie,
Lina, etc.

Edith Tiempo
In over five decades, Edith Tiempo produced numerous
remarkable poems and short stories. Evident in her poems is the
harmony of intellect and emotions which resulted in fine literary
pieces. The “Littlest Marmoset” and “Bonsai” are two of her
notable poems. Meanwhile, her short stories highlight morality.

She founded the Silliman National Writer’s Workshop in

Dumaguete City together with her husband, Edilberto Tiempo,
which produced equality talented writers.

Bienvenido Lumbera
Bienvenido Lumbera’s significant contribution in the field of
literature is the introduction of the Bagay poetry. He pioneered the
writing of Bagay poetry together with other poets like Rolando
Tinio, Jose Lacaba, Antonio Samson and Edmundo Martinez. His
major works include Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa, Apat na
Dulang May Musika, Pakikiramay and Sariling Bayan, among
others.

N.V.M Gonzales
Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales or N.V.M Gonzales is a writer
known for his effective use of English language in expressing and
shaping the culture and sensibility of the Filipino people and the
country. He has published voluminous literary works including The
Winds of April, Work on the Mountain, The Bread of Salt and Other
Stories, Seven Hills Away and many others. He received numerous
awards because of his notable skill in writing such as Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1960),
Gawad CCP Para sa Sining (1990) etc. He also received his highest academic award at the
University of the Philippines as Doctor of Humane Letters.

Virgilio Almario
Virgilio Almario is an exemplary poet who carries the pen name “Rio
Alma”. Alma was famously known for his modern poetry filled with
social consciousness. He has published numerous poetry books
containing the poet’s reflection of self and society.

Included in his works is his first major collection of poetry

Doktrinang Anakpawis, which reflects the 70’s political mayhem.
This was followed by Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo and Muli sa
Kandungan ng lupa. The poetry books mentioned were Almario’s
famous trilogy. Apart from being a poet, Alma is also a scholar, a
teacher, a columnist and a publisher. He also became the Executive
Director of the NCCA from 1998-2001.

Cirilio Bautista
Cirilio Bautista is a literary genius who produced numerous works
such as poems, fictions and essays. Included in his major works are
Summer Suns, Galaw ng Asoge, Words and Battlefield, among others.
For four decades, Cirilio Bautista contributed in the enrichment and
promotion of Philippine literature through his writings, workshops and
lectures. He brought literature closer to the people especially to the
young generations by conducting literary workshops and lectures all
over the country where he discussed literary techniques and
developments. He also said in founding literary groups like the
Philippine Literary Art Council, Baguio Writers Group and the Iligan Writer’s Workshop. He
was also an instrument in the establishment of the Bienvenido Creative Writing Center in the De
La Salle University.

Nick Joaquin
Nick Joaquin is a playwright, poet, novelist, short story writer and a
journalist. He was the most distinguished Filipino writer who used
English as his medium of writing. His literary pieces explored the
Spanish colonial past of the country and the social changes evident in
the Philippines. Included in his works are Doña Geronima, The Order
of Melchizedek, The Ballad of Five Battles, Rizal in Saga, Cave, and Shadows and The Woman,
Who Have Two Navels.

Amado V. Hernandez
Amado V. Hernandez is the socially committed writer who believes
that the writer should uplift the human spirit by being the voice of the
society in times of oppression. Included in his numerous works are:
Bayang Malaya, Isang Dipang Langit, Luha ng Buwaya, Langaw sa
Isang Basong Gatas at Iba Pang Kwento ni Amado V. Hernandez,
Magkabilang Mukha ng Isang Bagol at Iba Pang Akda ni Amado V.
Hernandez.

Lazaro Francisco
Lazaro Francisco is a master of Tagalog novel whose literary pieces
highlight the writer’s nationalism. Francisco’s novels express his desire
for social change. He wrote for the masses and the common people
depicting their way of life. Lazaro published 11 literacy pieces which
are considered as Philippine literacy classics. Included in his novels
are: Ama, Daluyong, and Maganda Pa ang Daigdig.

Jose Garcia Villa

Jose Garcia Villa is the contemporary poet who used the pen name
Doveglion, a combination if a dove, eagle, and lion. He was known not
just locally but internationally. He received awards outside the country
for his remarkable style in writing poetry. His poems collection included
Many Voices, Poems 55, Footnote to Youth, Poems in Praise of Love:
The Best Love Poems of Jose Garcia Villa, etc.

Francisco Sionil Jose

Francisco Sionil Jose, commonly known as F.Sionil Jose, was
recognized for his remarkable writings showing the Filipino’s
aspiration for freedom and social justice. As a journalist, he traveled to
different parts of the world and became to different parts of the world
and became exposed to different societal problems. He realized the importance of land reform
and social change and wrote articles about them in the Manila Times Sunday Magazine, which
won numerous awards. As a novelist, he wrote his opus called the Rosales Saga composed of 5
noteworthy novels entitled Poon, Tree, Mass, The Pretenders, and My Brother, My Executioner.
These novels contain the history of the Philippines from the 1880’s up to the 1970’s and the
social struggles of the Filipino people. His most gained compliments from readers and critics not
just in the Philippines but Worldwide.

Carlos P. Romulo
In the Field of writing, Carlos P. Romulo was an editor, a reported,
and a publisher. He wrote series of articles predicting the World
War II and won the Pulitzer Prize in Journalism in America. He was
the only Asian, who was given the said recognition. Moreover, he
wrote numerous literary works which include novels, memoirs, and
autobiographies. Included in his works were his novel The United,
his autobiography I Walked with Heroes, and other war-time
memoirs, aside from being a writer, he is a respected world leader. He was the first Asian, who
became president of the United Nations.

Alejandro Roces
Alejandro “Anding” Roces is known for his staunch contributions to art
and country. He is considered as the best comic short writer and one of
the few humorists in the literature. His work, “We Filipinos Are Mild
Drinkers” won the first prize in the Student Literary Contest and
published in the prestigious Arizona Quarterly. It was included in
Martha Foley’s famous annual anthology of The Best American Short
Stories and considered one of the most distinctive stories in it. He also
became known for his anthology entitled My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken. Some of his works
include of Cocks and Kites and other Stories, Fiesta, and Something to Crow about For more
than five decades, Anding wrote essays and columns for the newspaper. He has a column in
Daily Mirror {now Philippine Star} dubbed as “Roses and Thorns” Focusing on the neglected
aspect of Filipino cultural heritage, Anding works aim to educate and entertain readers by giving
insightful comparisons and conclusions of Filipino Life, culture, and history in a simple and
obvious manner. As a true patriot, he initiated the change of Philippine Independence Day from
July 4 to June 12 as well as a change of language from English to Tagalog in country’s coins and
bills, stamps, and passport. He also has a remarkable contribution to culture as he
institutionalized the local fiestas such as Moriones and Ati-Atihan. The National Artist for
literature Award is given to Anding in 2003 is significant proof that he is a true Filipino artist.

Carlos Quirino
Carlos Quirino was the first recipient of the National Artist Award for
Historical Literature awarded by President Fidel V. Ramos. He was the
Biographer who wrote The Great Malayan, one of the first Jose Rizal
Biographies. Also, he has written books and articles which contain
wide range of topics involving Philippine history and culture. His
books include Maps and Views of Old Manila, Lives ofthe Philippine
Presidents, The History of the Philippine Sugar Industry, and Filipino
Heritage: The Making of a Nation, among others. He is a National Artist for Historical
Literature.

FILM AND BROADCAST ART

Lamberto V. Avellana
Lambero Avellana was the so-called “The Boy Wonder of the
Philippine Cinema”. He was the director who first utilized the motion
picture camera which influenced filmmaking techniques.

In his earlier years, Avellana was into the Field of theater. He

established the Barangay Theater Guild together with his wife, Daisy
Hontiveros-Avellana. He later entered the worldof the film due of the
influence of the president of the Philippine film due of the influence
of the president of the Philippine film by that time, Carlos P. Romulo. “Sakay” was the first film
he directed which won the Best Picture of 1939. This movie started his remarkable journey to the
film industry.

Avellana won different awards in and out of the country for his remarkable productions. His
award-winning films are Badjao, AnakDalita, and KalderongPilak, among others.

Lino Brocka
Lino Brocka was an award-winning director who used “freedom of
expression” in his works. He was a social activist that gave hope to
the marginalized sector of the society through his productions.
Some of the films he produced include Wanted: Perfect Mother, Tubog sa Ginto, Tinimbang ka
Ngunit Kulang, Orapronobia, Maynila: Sa Kuko ng Liwanag, Bona, and Makiusap Ka sa Diyos,
among others.

Ishmael Bernal
Ishmael Bernal was the so-caller “Genius of the Philippine Cinema”.
Apart from the aesthetics of his productions, the powerful messages
contained his films created a great impact to the Philippine cinema.
His works were reflections of the existing realities of the Philippine
society and the struggle of the Filipino People. The significant
element in Bernal’s works was their symbolic details.Among his
works are Himala, Nunal sa Tubig, Pahiram ng Isang Umaga, and
Broken Marriage.

Manuel Conde
Manuel Pabustan Urban, popularly known as Manuel Conde,
started his journey in the world of films as an apprentice in
Filippine Films. He, later on, became the assistant director for
sarswela film entitled Giliw Ko of the LVN Pictures. He then
became a director and directed box office hits films like “Ibong
Adarna”. He also established the MC {Manuel Conde} Production
and produced movies which mirrors and critiques the Filipino
tradition, customs, values, and culture. Conde introduced local
cinema to an international audience.

Some of his films include Siete Infantes De Lara, Si Juan Tamad,

Juan Tamad Goes to Congress, and Ikaw Kasi, among others.
Moreover, Conde did not just focus on the making films in the context of the Philippine. He
directed and starred on two movies focusing on world history and literature figures which were
entitled Genghis Khan, and Sigfredo. These movies became popular internationally that
established the presence of the country’s local cinema all over the world.

Gerardo de Leon
When he was still in high school, Gerardo de Leon served as a piano
player for silent movies. This became his first training ground in the
field on cinema.He was a medical practitioner by profession but
because of his burning passion for cinema, he chose to pursue a career
in directing films. Among his classic productions are Noli Me
Tangere, El Filiusterismo, Daig ng Mga Api, and Sisa.
Ronald Alan K. Poe
Ronald Alan K. Poe, popularly known as Fernando Poe Jr., was a
legendary icon in the Philippine cinema. As an actor, FPJ starred on
numerous Filipino action movies like Ang Batang Maynila, Mga
Alabok sa Lupa, Ang Probinsyano, Ako ang Katarungan, Totoy Bato,
etc. He also played as a hero on fantasy movies like Ang Alamat, Ang
Panday, and Ang Pagbabalik ng Lawin. Apart from being an actor, FPJ
was also a writer, a director, and a producer.

Eddie Romero
Eddie Romero, whose real name was Edgar Romero y Sinco, was a
screen playwright, a producer, and a film director. Romero’s career in
the field of filmmaking started when he was still a student Siliman
University. Gerardo de Leon asked him to write a screenplay for him:
which resulted to his first script called Ang Maestra. After this, more
opportunities came to Eddie the Led him to write other screenplays like
Anong Ganda Mo, So long America, Isumpa Mo Giliw, Mameng Iniibig
Kita, and Hindi Kita Malimot. He, later on, became the associate
director for Mameng Iniibig Kita, and Hindi Kita Malimot. His first
movie as a full-fledged director was the movie Kamay ng Diyos produced in 1948 under
Sampaguita Pictures. This was followed by movies of different genres like musical, love story,
and drama. He won the best director award for his film, Ang Prinsesa at ang Pulubi in 1951.

A decade after the production of his first movie, Eddie Romero became a producer and
established the Eddie Romero Production. He produced movies like Buhay Alamang, which won
the best screenplay in Filipino Movie Arts and Sciences {FAMAS}, angAngAsawa Kong
Amerikano written by another playwright, Luciano B. Carlos, which won the Best screenplay
award in the Southeast Asia Film Festival. After making his last film as a producer, Romero
continued to direct, write and co-produce films. Some of his other notable films are
Kamakalawa, Banta ngKahapon, and NoliMeTangere.
 ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN, and ALLIED ARTS

Pablo S. Antonio
Pablo S. Antonio was known for his simple architectural designs consisting of
clear lines and functional curves. He did not focus much on the aesthetics of
his design but the strength of the architectures was austerity and function.

Included in his significant works are Far Eastern University Administration

and Science buildings, and theaters like the Lyrics Theater, Ideal Theater, and
Galaxy Theater, among others.

Far Eastern University

Leandro V. Locsin
Leandro Locsin was a remarkable architect who designed numerous
structures including residential and commercial buildings, churches, government
offices, hotels, etc. His architectural designs were described as original and
modern with a touch Filipino culture and arts represented by the presence of
traditional forms and patterns in his works.His grandest work is the Istana Nurul
Iman (Palace of Religious Ligh).This was the palace of the Sultan of Brunei with
200,000 sqm. floor area. The design of the structure is a mixture of Islamic and
Malayan themes and modern lines.
 Istana Nurul Iman

Juan F. Nakpil
The most prominent elements in Juan F. Nakpil architectural designs
were their strength, function, and aesthetics. His works were reflections
of the Philippine traditional and cultural heritage. Some of his major
works are the Avenue Theater and Hotel Building, Quezon Institute
Buildings, International Eucharistic Congress Altar, and the renovated
Quiapo Church.

The Avenue Theater

Ildefonso P. Santos
Ildefonso Santos was a famous landscape architect known for
landscaping plazas, gardens, hotels, playgrounds, commercial
centers, housing projects, parks, etc. He introduced outdoor shopping
concept through his design of the Makati Commercial Center where
in incorporated fountains, sculptures, and landscape walks.
Among his project are the Laguna’s Caliraya Lake Resort, Loyola Memorial Park. External
Gardens Memorial Park, Tagaytay Highland Resort,Lipa, Batangas’ Mt. Malarayat Golf and
Country Club, and Imus, Cavite’s Orchard Golf, and Country Club.

Cavite’s Orchard Golf

Jose Maria V. Zaragoza

Jose Maria Zaragoza’s architectural structure was a mixture of modern and
traditional designs. Most of his works involved religious architectures, like
churches and convents, since he specialized in liturgical art and architectures
in the International Institute of Liturgical Art IILA in Rome. IILA honed
him to develop new techniques in designing Catholic Churches in the
Philippines. Some of his religious architectures include the National Shrine
of the Nuestra Senora del Santissimo Rosario, Santo Domingo Church and
Convent, St. John Bosco Parish Church, the Pius XII Center, the Convent of
the Pink Sisters, the San Beda Convent, Etc.Aside from liturgical structures,
he also designed secular buildings like hotels, hospitals, commercial and residential buildings,
and office buildings which include the Meralco Building, Philippine Airlines Building,
Philippine Banking Corporation Building, etc,. He was also one of the architects who designed
the National Library.

The MERALCO Building in Ortigas

Center
 FASHION DESIGN

Ramon Valera
Ramon Valera was the fashion designer who innovated the Philippine terno.
He was the one who transformed the components of the traditional baro’tsaya
into single clothing. The most prominent part of his ankle-long creation was
its bell-shaped or butterfly sleeves. Also included in the innovations he
employed in his ternos are the use of zipper instead of hooks and exclusion of
panuelo. Panuelo is the long scraft being wrap around the shoulders as a
symbolism of Filipina modesty.

A Philippine Terno
Exercise 1.
Direction: In yellow paper. Enumerate 5 National Artist per areas of specialization. Write their
names on the table below.
Art Form Artists
Music
Dance
Theater
Film
Literature
Architecture
Visual Arts

Exercise 2.

Direction: from the artists you enumerated above, choose three artists per area of specialization
and list down one major per artist.

Artist Major Work

Music

Dance

Theater

Film

Literature

Architecture

Visual Arts

Theater
Lesson 4

GAWAD SA MANLILIKHANG BAYAN AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO

PHILIPPINE ARTS

Objectives: At the end of this lesson, you should be able to…

1. Understand the National Living Treasure Award

2. Cite Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan or the National Living Treasure Artists and
their contributions in the Philippine Contemporary Art,
3. Appreciate the roles of the artists in the development, preservation and promotion
of the Philippine Arts,
4. Familiarize themselves with the different art forms, elements and principle
employed by the different artists.

Content Standard: Understanding of the significant roles of artists from the regions.

The National Living Treasures Award, alternatively known as the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng
Bayan (GAMABA; lit. 'Award for the Creators of the Country') is conferred to a person or group
of artists recognized by the Government of the Philippines for their contributions to the country's
intangible cultural heritage. A recipient of the award, known as a National Living Treasures or
Manlilikha ng Bayan is defined as "a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizens engaged in any
traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of
technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely practiced by the present
generations in their community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence."

LITERATURE
GinawBilog
Ginaw Bilog is a Hanunuo Mangyan poet from Mansalay, Mindoro
who is an advocate of preserving the traditional form of his tribe
called “ambahan”. Ambahan is a kind of poem consisting of seven-
syllable lines which most of the time contains messages of love and
friendship. This poem is passed on from generation to generation
using singing the lines or etching them on bamboo tubes. In case of
Ginaw Bilog, he kept the ambahan recorded both in bamboo tubes
and old notebooks. He kept even the oldest ambahan passed on to
him by his ancestors and promoted them to other Mangyans so as to preserve the oral tradition.
Federico Caballero
Federico Caballero is a Panay-Bukidnon epic chanter who
preserved his community’s oral tradition by tediously documenting epics
of his ancestors that are in near danger of disappearance. These epics,
which tell stories about mythical heroes and their marvelous adventures,
reflects the rich cultural heritage of Pany-Bukidnon. Futhermore,
NongPedring did not just document them to the younger generations. His
mother and great-grandmother were the ones who influenced him to be an
epic chanter. When his mother and grand-mother died, Nong Pedring
continued the tradition, documented Panay-Bukidnon’s epics through the
assistance of researchers, and promoted the cultural heritage of his people
not just within their but also outside his community.

The Ambahan
 MUSIC AND DANCE

Alonzo Saclag
Alonzo Sacllag is a master of dance and performing arts from Kalinga.
He did not receive any formal education in performing arts but still he
mastered the choreography and musical instruments of Kalinga just by
observation and practice. Fueled by intense passion, he succeeded in
keeping the treasured culture of Kalinga alive. Through his efforts of
lobbying to the local government for about two years, he managed to
convince them to convert the abandoned provincial capitol building into
a museum that contains Kalinga artifacts including traditional musical
instruments like the Gansa or the Kalinga gong. He also campaigned for the use of local
costumes to school events and put up creative presentations that help children to learn folk songs.
He even proposedthe broadcast of Kalinga folks songs in local radios. Furthermore, he
established the KalingaBudong Dance Troupe to ensure that the music and dance of his ancestors
are passed on to younger generation.

Masino Intaray
Masino Intaray came from the indigenous community in southern
Palawan called the Palawan. Intaray was a musician and a poet whose
expertise was the basal, kulilal, and bagit. Basal is a kind of musical
ensemble played during the tambilaw, a ritual of rice sharing among
the Palawan people as an offering to the Lord of rice, and during the
tinapay, a rice wine drinking ceremony. Basal is composed of the
gimbal or tubular drum, sanarig or pair of small gongs,and one to a
gungs or gongs with wide tunes. Non-musical instruments like the
stamping of feet or the percussion dance are also one of the
components of the basal ensemble. Basal keeps the rituals and ceremonies of the Palawan people
lively.

Furthermore, kulilal is a lyrics poem about love being sung to the accompaniment of kusyapi,
two-stringed lute, and pagang, bamboo zither. A man and a woman from the community play the
kusyapi,bagit is an instrumental music reflecting the sound and movement of nature. Aside from
those mentioned earlier, he also knows how to play the aroding, mouth harp, and the babarak,
ring flute. Furthermore, Masinointaray is a notable story-teller and epic chanter. For many nights
he chanted numerous epics, narratives, and myths of the Palawan. Intaray was a true man of art
who preserved the tradition, music and culture of his people.

Samaon Sulaiman
SamaonSulaiman is a Maguindanaon musician from Mamasapano,
Maguindanao. He is a master of playing the kutyapi, a two-stringed
plucked lute. The kutyapi is one of the most difficult to master
indigenous Filipino instrument, but Samoan Sulaiman was able to play
it with grace and exemplary talent. He influenced and taught other
community people to play the kutyapi as well which kept the playing
of kutyapi alive in Mindannao.

Uwang Ahadas
Uwang Ahadas is the exemplary musician of the Yakan of Lamitan,
Basilan whose expertise dwell in playing the indigenous instrument
called kwintangan kayu. This instrument is composed of five wooden
logs of different sizes, arranged from shortest to longest, and hung
horizontally. This is being played after the planting of rice to serenade
the palay. The music coming from the kwintangan kayu is believed to
cause bountiful harvest. Uwang Ahadas teaches his community people
the skill of playing the kwintangan kayu to preserve the indigenous
music. He started at teaching his children and later on passes on his skills to people beyond
having a defect in his eyesight and dimming vision, managed to preserve and promote the music
of the yakan even if it means tiresome travelling from places to places.
 WEAVING

Darhata Sawabi
Darhata Sawabi is a pisyabit weaver from barangay Parang, Jolo,
Sulu. Pisyabit is a square multi-colored traditional cloth that serves
as the head cover of the Tausug of Jolo. Traditionally, it is used as
clothing ornament or headdress of the Tausug men that symbolizes
the weaver’s rank in the society. However, in the contemporary
period, even wear the cloth as accessories in traditional functions.

The weavers in her community considered her as an expert in

weaving due to well-craft cloth with the remarkable intricacy of design and evenness of weaves.
Despite the challenges Sawabi and her community faced, like the armed-conflict, she continued
to do her art and passed on her skillsof weaving to other women in Parang through her teaching.

Haja Amina Appi

Haja Amina Appi is the master mat weaver of the Sama indigenous
community from Ungos Matata, Tawi-tawi, Mat weaving is one of
the treasured traditions of the Sama people. Their mat is made up of
Pandan leaves which undergo tedious processes from stripping, to
sun drying, to dyeing, up to weaving,she produced unique and
magnificent mats. Haja Amina’s mat designs are complicated and
creatively crafted with interplay of hues. The traditional mat
weaving of Sama will never be lost because Haja Amina already
taught her female descendants the art of mat weaving. Like the other, National Living treasure
Awardees, she passionately preserved her people’s traditional art.

Lang Dulay
Lang dulay is a tnalak weaver from the indigenous community of
the Tboli in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. Tnalak is a king of
fabric made up of fine abaca fibers weaved with different designs
which reflect the tradition of the Tboli. This cloth was once
being bartered in exchange for horses but due to
commercialization, the tnalak became popular and became the
source of income of Tboli weavers. Many consumers demanded non-traditional design of the
tnalak and weavers choose to make modern design they are more expensive the traditional ones.
However, Lang Dulay still chose to produce the traditional tnalak to preserve the tradition and
the story of the Tboli.

Lang Dulay is an exemplary weaver who knows a hundred of design. She started weaving at the
age of 12 and became a master weaver who passed on the art of tnalak weaving to her
grandchildren. Lang Dulay wanted to establish a school where she can teach her art to the young
generation.

Magdalena Gamayo
Magdalena Gamayo is an Ilocano master weaver who came
from Pinili, Ilocos Norte. Her expertise dwell in weaving high-
quality Ilocos’ textile called Abel. It is kind of blanket made up
of cotton weaved in different patterns.

She started weaving at the age of 16. Her years of practice, eye
for details, creativity, and innate skills caused her to produce
excellent quality Abels. Her handiworks were distinguishable to
other Abels since they are finer, with more thread counts, and
more intricate designs with up to 5 thread colors. Even today at
her old age Magdalena consistently produce well-crafted ables. To preserve the art of abel
weaving in Ilocos, she mentored community people including her cousin’s daughter-in-law and
her sister-in-law.

Salita Monon
Salita Monon is a Bagobo textile weaver from Bansalan, Davao del
Sur. She started weaving at the age of 12 through the guidance of her
mother. The traditional Bagobo fabrics which are made up of abaca
fibers is the product of Salita. Due to her high-quality textiles and
their intricate designs, Salita garnered the reputation of being the best
weaver in her community. She spent all her life weaving and
preserved the art of the Bagobo.
 METALWORK

Eduardo Mutuc
Eduardo Mutuc is a metalsmith from Apalit, Pangpanga, who created
numerous wood-carving and metal art with religious and secular
themes. He started woodcarving house furniture when he was 29.
The several years later he learned the art of silverplating because of a
friend. He did intricate decorations for churches. In doing the
metalwork, Mutuc will first draw his design on a sheet of paper the
he would transfer and carve it to block of wood. He would the cover
it with a sheet of silver and would carefully hammer the metal until it
copies the design of the wood.

Then he would dip the metal into molten silver. Mutuc artworks
added splendor to the Church design. Through the years of
producing metalwork, he perfected his art and transferred the skills to his students.

CASQUE

Teofilo Garcia
Teofilo Garcia is anlocanocasque maker from San Quintin,
Abra. He is known for crafting high quality and functional
headpiece caller tabungaw. The tabungaw that Teofilo makes is
made up of native gourd called upo, rattan,and bamboo. He
combines and experiments with these materials to come up with
decay resistant, elegant, and
remarkable tabungaws. He never stops innovating to produce
good quality head-pieces. To pass on the art of making
tabungaws, Teofilo teaches his children the skills in making the
craft.
Exercise 1.

Direction: Identification. Choose your answer from the box.

Ambahan Sanang Pis yabit Kwintangan Kayu

Tinapay Tnalak Tambilaw Abel

Gimbal Kulilal Basal Gangsa

1. is kind of poem consisting of seven-syllable lines which most of the time

contains messages of love and friendship.

2. is the Kalinga gong.

3. is a kind of musical ensemble played during the 4. a ritual of rice

sharing among the Palawan people.

5. is a rice wine drinking ceremony.

6. is a lyric poem about love.

7. is composed of five wooden logs of different sizes, arranged from shortest

to longest and hung horizontally. This is being played after the planting of rice to serenade the
palay.

8. is a square multi-colored traditional cloth that serves as head cover of the

Tausug of Jolo.

9. is a kind of fabric made up of fine abaca fibers weaved with different

designs which reflects the tradition of the T’boli.

10. is a kind of blanket made up of cotton weaved in different patterns.

Exercise 2

Direction: Match column A,B and C. Write your answer on the blank spaces below the table.
The letters for column A are already provided.

A. Artist B. Community/Area C. Contribution

A. Ginaw Bilog 1. Panay-Bukidnon a) Basal, kulilai, bagit
B. Alonzo Saclag 2. Palawan b) Ambahan
C. Masino Intaray 3. Kalinga c) Epic Chanting
D. Frederico Caballero 4. Maguindanao d) Pis yabit
E. Samaon Sulaiman 5. Tboli e) Kwintangan kayu
F. Darhata Sawabi 6. Palawan f) Abel
G. Lang Dulay 7. Ilocano g) Tabungaw
H. Magdalena Gamayo 8. Yakan h) Mat
I. Uwang Ahadas 9. Jolo, Sulu i) Kutyapi
J. Haja Amina Appi 10. Apalit, Pampanga j) Tnalak
K. Eduardo Mutuc 11. Banlasan, Davao del Sur k) Bagobo fabrics
L. Teofilo Garcia 12. Hanunuo Mangyan l) Kalinga Budong Dance
M. Salita Monon 13. Sama m) Woodcarving/ metal art

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

M.