Calculation of Relay Setting of P543 for Majalgon S.S.K.

Length of Protected Line (L) : 1.645 KM

Length of Adjacent Line (L1): 24 KM
Length of Adjacent Line (L2): 44.3 KM
Line positive sequence Impedance (Z1): 0.1556+J 0.381 
: 0.4115<67.758 
Line Zero sequence Impedance (Z0) : 0.378+J 1. 298 
: 1.352<73.76 

Line Angle (RCA) : 67.76 deg

CT Ratio : 400/1A
Adopted CT Ratio : 400/1A
PT Ratio : 132kv/root3/110V/root3

Calculation and relay setting:

Transformation ratio (n) : CT Ratio/ PT Ratio
: (400/1) / (132000/110)
: 0.3333
Positive Sequence Impedance for Prot. line (Line Impedance ZL)
: 0.4115*1.645
: 0.677  (Primary Value)
: 0.677*0.3333
: 0.226  (Secondary Value)
Positive sequence Impedance angle:
Line Angle (RCA) : 67.76deg ≈68 deg.

Ground Factor Calculation:

Grounding Factor Kg : (Z0-Z1)/3Z1

: (0.378+J 1. 298 - 0.1556+J 0.381)/3(0.1556+J 0.381)
KZ1, KZ2, KZ3 : 0. 764
Angle of Grounding Factor Kg :(arc Tan((X0-XL/(R0-RL)))-(arc Tan(XL/RL))*180*7/22
Kang : 8.61 deg.≈ 9 deg
ZONE SETTINGS:
Zone-1 reach
Dist Z1(Quad.) : (80% of Protected Line Impedance*(CTR/PTR))
: 0.8*0.677*0.3333
: 0.181 ≈ 0.184 
Ttrip : Inst.
Zone-2 reach
DIST Z2 (Quad.) : (100% Protected Line Impedence+50% of next shortest line
Impedance) x(CTR/PTR)
: (1*0.4115*1.645+0.5*0.4115*24)*0.3333
: 1.872 
Ttrip : 400 ms
OR
: 120% (ZL)
: 1.2 *0.230
: 0.276 

Zone-3 reach (Not required)

DIST Z3 (Quad.) : (100% of Protected Line Impedence+100% next longest line
Impedance)*(CTR/PTR)
: (1*0.4115*1.645+1*0.4115*44.3)*0.3333
: 6.302 
Ttrip : 600 ms
Zone-4 reach
DIST Z4 (Quad.) : (10% of Protected line Impedance)*(CTR/PTR)
: (0.1*0.4115*1.645)*0.3333
: 0.023 
Ttrip : 1000 ms
Relay Setting:
Line Parameters
Line Length : 1.645 KM
Line Impedance (ZL) : 0.230 
Line Angle (RCA) : 68 deg
kZN Res Comp (Kg) : 0.760
kZN Res Angle (Kang.) : 9 deg.
Mutual Comp : Disable
Phase Sequence : Standard ABC
Tripping Mode : 3 Pole

Distance Setup
Setting Mode :Simple
Phase Chars. :Quadrilateral
Quad Resistance :Common/Proportional
Fault Resistance : 0.450
Zone1 Ph Status : Enable on channel fail
Zone1 Ph Reach : 80%(ZL)
Trip Time : Inst.
Zone2 Ph Status : Enable on channel fail
Zone2 Ph Reach : 120%(ZL)
Trip Time : 0.400 Sec.
Zone4 Ph Status : Enable on channel fail
Zone4 Ph Reach : 10%(ZL) (Reverse
Direction)
Trip Time : 1.0 Sec.
Ground Chars. : Quadrilateral
Quad Resistance : Common/Proportional
Fault Resistance : 0.450
Zone1 Gnd Status : Enable on channel fail
Zone1 Gnd Reach : 80%(ZL)
Trip Time : Inst.
Zone2 Gnd Status : Enable on channel fail
Zone2 GndReach : 120%(ZL)
Trip Time : 0.400 Sec.
Zone4 Gnd Status : Enable on channel fail
Zone4 Gnd Reach : 10%(ZL) (Reverse
Direction)
Trip Time : 1.0 Sec.

Phase to Ground Fault detection:

Procedure: Apply phase voltage and phase current to the relay input terminal in such a way
the calculated impedance is less than the zone impedance set value.
 PH-G Fault Impedance is calculated as,
ZF = VA / (IA+ Kg * IN)
Where
ZF = Measured Fault Impedance
VA = Measured Voltage
IA = Measured current
IN = is the residual current (derived from phase currents)
Kg = 0.76 (Sett. Value)
ZF = VA / (IA+ Kg * IN)
= 3.5<68 / (11<0+0.76<9 * 11<0)
= 3.5/19.29
= 0.181 

Zone Operatin Measured Value Measured Value of Impedance from Result

g Phase Impedance Parallelogram drawn from
Select
settings
Phase IN (A) Applie Applie Z Min Nominal Max
Angle d IA d (V) (-5%) Z (+5%)
(A)
Zone 1 AN 68 11 11 3.5 0.181 0.175 0.184 0.193 Pass
Zone 2 AN 68 11 11 5.3 0.275 0.262 0.276 0.289 Pass
Zone 4 BN 248 11 11 0.42 0.022 0.021 0.023 0.024 Pass

Phase to Phase Fault detection:

Procedure: Apply phase voltage and phase current to the relay input terminal in such a way
the calculated impedance is less than the zone impedance set value.
Measured Impedance for a fault is calculated as:
ZF = (VA - VB) / (IA - IB)
= (31.7<341.65 – 31.7<334.35) / (11<0 - 11<-180)
= (4.04<68/ 22 <0)
= 0.183

Zone Operatin Measured Value Measured Value of Impedance from Result

Select g Phase Impedanc Parallelogram drawn from
e settings
Phase Applie Applied Z Min Nominal Max
Angle d (2 Φ (2 Φ V) (-5%) Z (+5%)
A)
Zone 1 AB 68 22 4.04 0.183 0.175 0.184 0.193 Pass
Zone 2 AB 68 22 6.01 0.273 0.262 0.276 0.289 Pass
Zone 4 BC 248 22 0.46 0.021 0.021 0.023 0.024 Pass