E-Commerce

MADE BY :
1. RIJA GULZAR
2. SYED HASSAAN RAZA
3. MUHAMMAD ZAIN
4. MUHAMMAD AREEB

Submitted to: SIR CHAND GUL

Group # 10.
CONTENTS:

1. INTRODUCTION
2. E-Commerce Applications
3. BUSINESS APPLICATION
4. E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT
TIMELINE
5. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
6. Timeline
7. Governmental regulation

8. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION:

E-commerce (electronic commerce) E-commerce is

a narrower part of e-business dealing with the purchase
and sale of goods and services over the internet,
including support activities such as marketing and
customer support.
The ability to made transaction for personal or
professional use over the internet is known as electronic
commerce or e-commerce (Coursaris, et al.,
2003).Chaffey (2007) defined e-commerce as “The
exchange of information across electronic networks, at
any stage in the supply chain, whether within an
Organization, between businesses, between businesses
and consumers or between the public and private sector,
whether paid or unpaid.”
E-Commerce Applications:

 E-commerce applications is a bit misleading terminology, as it leads to

two possible perceptions: one, where it refers to the use of e-commerce as
a medium of marketing; retail and wholesale; auctioning; e-banking;
booking and so on.

1. Retail and Wholesale

E-retailing or online retailing refers to the transaction of goods and services

through online stores from businesses to consumers. It is achieved through
means such as virtual shopping carts and e-catalogs. The applications of e-
commerce in this sector is numerous.
2. Finance

Finance and e-commerce is more connected today than ever. Banks and
stock markets use e-commerce significantly in their operation. Online banking
provides provisions such as balance check, bill payment, money transfer, etc.
Online stock trading enables people to carry out trading electronically by
giving information about stocks such as performance reports, analysis, charts,
etc. through websites.
3. Manufacturing

In manufacturing, e-commerce forms a medium for companies to execute the

electronic exchange. Combined buying and selling, sharing market status,
inventory check information, etc. enables groups of companies to fluidly carry
out their operations. 
4. Auctioning

Applying e-commerce to auctions takes it to a more significant level where

people can participate without any geographical boundaries. That leads to
more participation, more negotiation, and helps to make auctions successful.
5. Marketing

Marketing activities such as pricing, product features, and building customer

relationships can be strengthened using e-commerce to provide users an
enhanced and customized shopping experience. Digital marketing
strategies have become a significant way to promote businesses.
6. Online Shopping

The shopping preferences of people have undergone a massive change in the

last few years. “Go online” has become a mantra for all businesses to
succeed. Online shopping is comfortable, convenient, and at most times, cost
effective. The prosperity of online shopping apps such as Flipkart, Amazon
are proof of this.
7. Mobile and Web Applications

Popularly called mobile commerce or m-commerce applications, this is a

subset of retail e-commerce. Mobile or web application development has
become a staple for brands to showcase their business capabilities. The
consumer carries out purchases through mobile or web applications that are
optimized for the retailer. These applications also ensure payment security
through safe e-payment methods.
8. Online Booking

Travel and tourism is a thriving industry today, and online booking is an

ecommerce application that is growing as a result of it. Online booking helps
people book travel essential services like train/flight tickets, hotel rooms,
tourism packages, transportation services, etc. It makes travel very
convenient and easy for people as everything can be set from the tip of the
fingers.
9. Online Publishing

Digital magazines and e-books are slowly replacing traditional printed books.
It has several advantages such as portability, lightweight, accessible from
everywhere, etc. They are also environment friendly as they help in reducing
paper and saving trees. Due to these reasons, online publishing or e-
publishing has been seeing a rise in popularity.
10. E-banking

E-banking or internet banking is an e-commerce application that has simplified

time-consuming and complex banking processes for people. It enables bank
users to perform transactions easily online without having to wait in long
queues in banks. Every major bank has its own online application today to
provide virtual banking services to its customers.
E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE:
A timeline for the development of e-commerce:
 1971 or 1972: The ARPANET is used to arrange
a cannabis sale between students at the Stanford
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, later
described as "the seminal act of e-commerce"
in John Markoff's book What the Dormouse Said.
 1972: Mohamed M. Atalla files a patent for
a secure transaction system
over telecommunications networks,
utilizing encryption techniques to assure telephone
link security, a precursor to Internet-based e-
commerce.
 1976: Atalla Technovation (founded by
Mohamed Atalla) and Bunker Ramo
Corporation (founded by George Bunker
and Simon Ramo) introduce products designed for
secure online transaction processing, intended
for financial institutions.
 1979: Michael Aldrich demonstrates the
first online shopping system.
 1981: Thomson Holidays UK is the
first business-to-business (B2B) online shopping
system to be installed.
 1982: Minitel was introduced nationwide in
France by France Télécom and used for online
ordering.
 1983: California State Assembly holds first hearing
on "electronic commerce" in Volcano,
California. Testifying are CPUC, MCI Mail, Prodigy,
CompuServe, Volcano Telephone, and Pacific Telesis.
(Not permitted to testify is Quantum Technology, later
to become AOL.)
 1984: Gateshead SIS/Tesco is first B2C online
shopping system and Mrs Snowball, 72, is the first
online home shopper
 1984: In April 1984, CompuServe launches the
Electronic Mall in the US and Canada. It is the first
comprehensive electronic commerce service.
 1989: In May 1989, Sequoia Data Corp. Introduced
Compumarket, the first internet based system for e-
commerce. Sellers and buyers could post items for sale
and buyers could search the database and make
purchases with a credit card.
 1990: Tim Berners-Lee writes the first web
browser, WorldWideWeb, using a NeXT computer.
 1992: Book Stacks Unlimited in Cleveland opens a
commercial sales website (www.books.com) selling
books online with credit card processing.
 1993: Paget Press releases edition No. 3 of the
first app store, The Electronic AppWrapper
 1994: Netscape releases the Navigator browser in
October under the code name Mozilla. Netscape 1.0 is
introduced in late 1994 with SSL encryption that
made transactions secure.
 1994: Ipswitch IMail Server becomes the first
software available online for sale and immediate
download via a partnership between Ipswitch,
Inc. and OpenMarket.
 1994: "Ten Summoner's Tales" by Sting
becomes the first secure online purchase
through NetMarket.
 1995: The US National Science Foundation lifts
its former strict prohibition of commercial
enterprise on the Internet.
 1995: Thursday 27 April 1995, the purchase of a
book by Paul Stanfield, Product Manager
for CompuServe UK, from W H Smith's shop
within CompuServe's UK Shopping Centre is the
UK's first national online shopping service secure
transaction. The shopping service at launch
featured W H Smith, Tesco, Virgin
Megastores/Our Price, Great Universal Stores
(GUS), Interflora, Dixons Retail, Past Times, PC
World (retailer) and Innovations.
 1995: Amazon.com is launched by Jeff Bezos.
 1995: eBay is founded by computer
programmer Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb. It is
the first online auction site supporting person-to-
person transactions.
 1995: The first commercial-free 24-hour,
internet-only radio stations, Radio HK
and NetRadio start broadcasting.
 1996: The use of Excalibur BBS with replicated
"Storefronts" was an early implementation of
electronic commerce started by a group
of SysOps in Australia and replicated to global
partner sites.
 1998: Electronic postal stamps can be
purchased and downloaded for printing from the
Web.
 1999: Alibaba Group is established in
China. Business.com sold for US$7.5 million to
eCompanies, which was purchased in 1997 for
US$149,000. The peer-to-peer filesharing
software Napster launches. ATG Stores launches
to sell decorative items for the home online.
 1999: Global e-commerce reaches $150 billion
 2000: The dot-com bust.
 2001: eBay has the largest userbase of any e-
commerce site.
 2001: Alibaba.com achieved profitability in
December 2001.
 2002: eBay acquires PayPal for $1.5 billion.
Niche retail companies Wayfair and NetShops are
founded with the concept of selling products
through several targeted domains, rather than a
central portal.
 2003: Amazon.com posts first yearly profit.
 2004: DHgate.com, China's first online B2B
transaction platform, is established, forcing other
B2B sites to move away from the "yellow pages"
model.
 2007: Business.com acquired by R.H.
Donnelley for $345 million.
 2014: US e-commerce and Online Retail sales
projected to reach $294 billion, an increase of 12
percent over 2013 and 9% of all retail
sales. Alibaba Group has the largest Initial public
offering ever, worth $25 billion.
 2015: Amazon.com accounts for more than half
of all e-commerce growth, selling almost 500
Million SKU's in the US.
 2017: Retail e-commerce sales across the world
reaches $2.304 trillion, which was a 24.8 percent
increase than previous year.
 2017: Global e-commerce transactions
generate $29.267 trillion, including $25.516
trillion for business-to-business (B2B) transactions
 and $3.851 trillion for business-to-consumer (B2C)
sales

BUSINESS APPLICATION:
Some common applications related to electronic
commerce are:
 B2B e-commerce (business-to-business)
 B2C e-commerce (business-to-consumer)
 Conversational commerce: e-commerce via chat
 Digital Wallet
 Document automation in supply chain and
logistics
 Electronic tickets
 Enterprise content management
 Group buying
 Instant messaging
 Internet security
 Online auction
 Online banking
 Online office suites
 Online shopping and order tracking
 Online transaction processing
 Pre-tail
 Print on demand
 Shopping cart software
 Social networking
 Teleconference
 Usenet newsgroup
 Virtual assistant
 Domestic and international payment systems
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS:
Internationally there is the International Consumer
Protection and Enforcement Network (ICPEN),
which was formed in 1991 from an informal network
of government customer fair trade organisations.
The purpose was stated as being to find ways of co-
operating on tackling consumer problems connected
with cross-border transactions in both goods and
services, and to help ensure exchanges of
information among the participants for mutual benefit
and understanding. From this came Econsumer.gov,
an ICPEN initiative since April 2001. It is a portal to
report complaints about online and related
transactions with foreign companies.
There is also Asia Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC) was established in 1989 with
the vision of achieving stability, security and
prosperity for the region through free and open trade
and investment. APEC has an Electronic Commerce
Steering Group as well as working on common
privacy regulations throughout the APEC region.
CONCLUSION
E-Commerce has transformed the business world
into a whole new shape.This is the era of digitization
and to keep up with the development in business we
will have to keep up with the shifting eras.

E-Commerce is the only business that grew by a

huge extent in COVID-20 as every physical business
was shutting down and all of those who were
available on digital selling platforms took great
advantage of it.

The 20’S decade is the decade of e-commerce and

anyone who doesn’t learn this new way of business
isn’t gonna survive in the near future.
REFERENCES:
1. http://www.sba.gov/content/ecommerce-resources
2. https://www.statista.com/statistics/220177/b2c-e-
commerce-sales-cagr-forecast-for-selected-
countries/
3. https://books.google.com/books?id=a9_NJIBC87gC
4. https://www.emarketer.com/Report/Worldwide-
Retail-Ecommerce-Sales-eMarketers-Updated-
Forecast-New-Mcommerce-Estimates-
20162021/2002182
5. https://www.statista.com/statistics/379046/worldwi
de-retail-e-commerce-sales/