SOME FORMULAS

First law for closed systems

dE GQ  GW

First law for open systems

dECV (t)
Q  W shaft  ¦ m i (hi  Vi 2 / 2  gZ i )  ¦ m e(he  Ve2 / 2  gZ e )
dt i e

Conservation of mass
dmCV
dt
¦ m  ¦ m
i
i
e
e

Second law of thermodynamics (entropy)

'S isolated system t 0

Isentropic relationships

Tds (Gibbs) equations

Tds = du + Pdv
Tds = dh í vdP

Specific heat relations of ideal gases

R
cp = cv + R cv
k 1
cp k˜R
k cp
cv k 1

Isentropic efficiencies
Isentropic compressor work h2 s  h1
K compressor
Actual compressor work h2  h1

Actual turbine work h2  h1 Actual KE at nozzle exit h1  h2 a

K turbine K Nozzle
Isentropic turbine work h2 s  h1 Isentropic KE at nozzle exit h1  h2 s