Saint Joseph College

CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maasin City, Southern Leyte
LESSON 6

SECURITY LIGHTING
Provides sufficient illumination to areas during hours of darkness.

PURPOSES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

1. It improves visibility so that intruders can be seen, identified and apprehend;
2. It gives psychological fear, which serves as a deterrent to thieves, pilferers,
trespassers, and sabotage;
3. It makes easier. The routine of work of guards in identifying employees, vehicles
during night time;
4. If placed in certain areas, may even reduce the number of stationary guards, and
instead, may require only roving patrols at night.

TYPES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

1. Stationary Luminary – most common type consisting of fixed series of luminaries.
It is commonly used on entry gates of employees and vehicles.

>Glare Protection Type – The intensity is focused to the intruder while the observer or
the guard remain in comparative darkness.

>Controlled lighting- The lighting is focused on certain objects than the background.

2. Standby Lighting – similar to continuous lighting but can be turned on manually or

by special device or other automatic means, when there is a suspicion of entry.

3. Emergency Lighting – stand by lighting which can be utilized in the event of

electrical failure.

PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Is an aural or visual signal given by the annunciator to the security when intruder
actuate certain devices in a protected area. An annunciator is a visual or audible
signaling device, which initiates conditions of associated circuits.

Basically, alarm system are designed to alert security personnel of a attempted or

consummated intrusion into an area, building or compound. Each type of alarm is
activated in the event that an intruder tampers with the circuitry, a beam or radiated
waves. Alarm are also for fire, smoke, or other emergencies and presence of hazards.

THREE BASIC PARTS OF ALARM

1. Sensors
- device that can sense an abnormal condition within the system and provide a signal
indicating the presence or nature of the abnormality
 Saint Joseph College
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maasin City, Southern Leyte

2. CIRCUIT
- It is the communication channel that conveys the information from all sensors in the
system to the signal by means of wire, radio waves.

3. Signal

2. Proprietary System – Similar to the central station type excepts that the proprietary
console is located inside the subscribers installation who owns or bases the system.

3. Auxiliary System – An installation owned system which is a direct extension of the

local enforcement
agency and/or fire department by special arrangements.

4. Local Alarm System – Consists of rigging up a visual or audible alarm near the
object to be protected. In case of alarm, response will be made by the local guards and
other personnel within sight or hearing.

FIRE PROTECTION

FIRE ALARM - - Any visual or audible signal produced by a device or system to warn
the occupants of the building or fire fighting elements of the presence or danger of fire
to enable them to undertake immediate action to save life and property and to suppress
the fire.

DEVICES
1. Smoke Detector - a device placed at the ceilings of the floor that detects smoke,
typically as an indicator of fire.

2. Fire Bell -a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound.

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER – a type of built in sprinklers which works by the increase

of room temperature and which automatically operates the system to put out the fire.
Attached and distributed in the ceiling of the rooms. These sprinklers will go into action
once a fire starts, and those that will open are those that are directly above the fire and
water is delivered where it is needed.

STAND PIPES
G.I. steel or plastic pipes located inside the building from the lowest to the top floor with
water under pressure for use in case of fire. Located near the standpipe is a fire hose
usually enclosed in a glass box.

FIRE HYDRANT
 Saint Joseph College
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maasin City, Southern Leyte
It is a mechanical device strategically located in an installation or in a street where a fire
hose will be connected so that the water will be available to extinguished a fire.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Is a fire fighting equipment which can is a fire fighting equipment which can be portable
or in cart that is used to put out fire depending on the contents to extinguish certain
types of fire.

CLASSES OF FIRE
1. CLASS A FIRES –- involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth,
and paper, requires an extinguishing agent which cools. A water or multi-purpose dry
chemical can be used.

2. CLASS B - fires involving flammable and combustible liquids and gases, such as
solvents, greases, gasoline, and lubricating oil, require an extinguisher which removes
oxygen or cuts the chain reaction. Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, are effective.

3. CLASS C - fires involve energized electrical equipment (live electrical wires, electrical
appliances). A non-conducting extinguishing agent such as carbon dioxide or multi-
purpose dry chemical must be used.

4. CLASS D FIRES – the result of the combustion of certain materials in firely divided
forms. These metals can be magnesium, potassium, powdered aluminum and zinc.

HOW TO OPERATE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

-If you need to use a fire extinguisher, remember the word PASS :

 PULL the pin - Fire extinguishers often have a pin, latch, or puncture lever that
you need to release first.
 AIM low - Aim the nozzle or hose of the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
 SQUEEZE the handle - This releases the extinguishing agent.
 SWEEP from side to side - Move in close, and sweep across the base of the fire.
Watch for reflash of the fire.3. Passive Infrared Detector (PIR) or Motion Sensor
–PIRs are able to distinguish if an infrared emitting object is present by first
learning the ambient temperature of the monitored space and then detecting a
change in the temperature caused by the presence of an object.

4. Panic button -Often located under the counter, the button can be pressed in times of
distress (Such as robbery, disruptive or threatening behavior, or a situation which may
warrant assistance), triggering a silent alarm.

5. CCTV - A video monitoring system is more commonly known as Closed Circuit

Television Systems. A CCTV system is a system consisting of a television camera,
 Saint Joseph College
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maasin City, Southern Leyte
video monitor, and a transmission medium (Cable, fiber or wireless) connecting the two.
It is used to monitor the premises.

IP CAMERA
>IP based cameras work by turning images and audio into data then transmitting this
data over a network or Internet connection.
>IP cameras are a type of Closed Circuit Television Camera (CCTV) used for capturing
images and audio recordings in surveillance for homes and businesses.

-The IP name stands for Internet Protocol, a system that allows the transmission of
images captured by a digital video recorder (DVR) to the end destination computers and
these components together make up a video security system.
 Saint Joseph College
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Maasin City, Southern Leyte
LESSON 6

ACTIVITY NO.1

For better understanding on what security equipment mentioned above looks

like. Make a research and give sample pictures of the following:

TYPES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

1. Stationary Luminary
 Glare Protection Type
 Controlled lighting

2. Standby Lighting
3. Emergency Lighting

FIRE PROTECTION
1. FIRE ALARM
2. Smoke Detector
3. Fire Bell
4. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
5. STAND PIPES
6. FIRE HYDRANT
7. FIRE EXTINGUISHER