1.

3 Analytical Models of Structures 1

1.3.1 The rules of developing analytical modes

Real structures have to simplified or

idealized , by throwing away some
unimportant details , as analyzing models prior
to computation.
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1.3.2 Simplifying points of analystical model

(1) The simplification of structural system

(2)The simplification of members
(3)The simplification of connections
(4)The simplification of supports
(5)The simplification of materials
(6)The simplification of loads
 1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 3

（1） The simplification of structural system

• Plane structures

• Space structures (three-

dimensional)
 1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 4

Plane
structure
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Three-dimension structure
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Three-dimension structure
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Three-dimension structure
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Three-dimension structure
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Three-dimension structure
1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 10

（2）the simplification of members

• The stress on the cross section of
members can be determined by the
internal forces
• In the analytical model of a structure,
each member is represented by the
centroidal axis; each connection between
the members is represented by a joint.
1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 11

the simplification of members

Axial line

member is represented
by the centroidal axis
1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 12

（3）the simplification of connections

• The connections between members of a
structure are commonly simplified into joints.
• Two types of joints are commonly used to
join members of structures：
Hinged
joint

Rigid joint

Partial hinged
joint
1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 13

A
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Rigid joint
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Rigid joint
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Rigid joint
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Rigid joint
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Hinged
Rigid joint
joint
1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 21

Composite joint (partial hinged joint)

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partial hinged joint

1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 24

（4）the simplification of supports

(1) Roller support

(2) Hinged support

(3) Fixed support

(4) Directional support

1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 25

(1) Roller support

FAY
1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 26

Roller support of a bridge

1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 27

(2) Hinged support

FAX

FAY
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Hinged support of a bridge

1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 29

(3) Fixed support

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Fixed support
1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 31

（4）directional support
 1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 32

（5）the simplification of property of material

• In order to simplify the structural analysis,

all materials composing structures are
assumed to be continuous, homogeneous,
isotropic, perfectly elastic or plastic.
1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 33

(6) the simplification of load

• Body force :gravities and inertial forces of
structures；
Surface force: the action upon structures
transmitted by other bodies attached to them
• The members are represented by lines, so both
body force and surface force can be simplified
as the forces acting on the lines.
1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 34
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1.3 Analytical Models of Structures 39

梁自重简化两
个集中荷载

可简化为一集中
力偶和一轴向力