MODULE 3

SELF ANALYSIS
Contents: SWOT Analysis, who am I, attributes, Importance of Self-
Confidence, Creativity-Out of box thinking, Lateral Thinking, Johari
Window.
Goal Setting- Short term, Long Term, Life Time Goals (Personalized and
Organizational) Time Management Value of Time, Diagnosing Time
Management, Weekly planner to do list, Prioritizing work.
SELF-ANALYSIS (WHO AM I)?
Self-analysis or self-assessment is a process by which one learns more
about oneself- what he likes, what he does not like, and how he tends to
react to certain situations. A Self-Assessment aims to help a person
identify his own areas of strengths and weakness to create an action
plan for implementing change.
Types of self-analysis:
1. Self-directed: It means the tool is designed so that one can use it
and review the results without a licensed or trained professional
interpreting the data.
2. Professional Interpretation: It means that one’s results will have
to be discussed with a person licensed or trained in this particular
tool so one can understand what the data is saying.
Advantages of Self-analysis:
1. Self-assessment is a key tool in personal development
2. A self-assessment helps a person to discover his different
characteristics, patterns, reactions. An effective self-assessment
enables a person to explore specific areas of his life such as his
needs, desires and expectations.
3. A self-assessment enables a person to take a more objective look
at his behavior, choices and actions. Self-awareness also
improves his personal interaction with other people because he
takes into consideration the way others perceive him and how he
perceives himself.
4. It can help in achieving superior results if people frequently
evaluate themselves by asking relevant questions regarding their
 own capabilities, attitude towards others and work, confidence
level, sense of responsibility, professionalism, etc.
5. It is the most primary requirement of any individual to develop
his/her career graph in the long-run. The person who is very much
interested in growth uniformly, constantly must assess himself at
each curve, cross-road in the path of one’s life.
Tools of self-analysis:
The two such tools of self-analysis are:
1. SWOT Analysis
2. Johari Window
SWOT Analysis:
Self-SWOT is basically raising the level of self-understanding and self-
appreciation. It means focusing one’s strengths towards a resolution of
the problem while at the same time protecting oneself from one’s
weaknesses which may adversely affect the outcome. It means taking
advantage of opportunities and also knowing some unexpected possible
threats which can affect in solving the problem.
1. Strengths: these are the internal positives one can control and on
which one can capitalize, such as business experience,
chiropractic education, communication skills, human relation skills
and organizational skills. Strength also means resources a person
has to deal with a situation. These could be things like knowledge
gained through a hobby, tactics absorbed from sports, family
background, a sense of humour, etc.
2. Weaknesses: These are the internal negatives one can control
and which one can work to improve, such as lack of experience in
specific subjects, weak public speaking skills and negative
personal characteristics. One should work on improving these
weaknesses so that these can be converted into strengths.
3. Opportunities: These are the positive external conditions that one
can take advantage of, such as the growth of chiropractic as a
profession or the lack of chiropractors in a specific area where one
wants to practice. One should try to grab the opportunities.
4. Threats: These are the negative external conditions that one
cannot control but whose effect can lessen, such as negative news
 articles about chiropractic or lack of knowledge of chiropractic in
one’s city. Thinking seriously about external situations helps to
decide whether people are in the right place physically.
Importance of SWOT Analysis:
1. Personal SWOT analysis helps individuals explore the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to their Professional
development.
2. It is useful technique that can be used when seeking a career
change.
3. It helps in identifying most beneficial goals worth pursuing right
now.
4. It helps in identifying actions one can take to best meet the
requirements of the job or promotion one is seeking. Comparing
the strengths and weaknesses to the job requirements will identify
gaps and help to prepare to be the best candidate for the position
to which he aspires.
5. It helps in decision making. One can use his/her strength to
enhance his/her pursuit of the opportunities.
Johari Window:
Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham invented Johari Window which has
proved to be most comprehensive model which elaborates human
interaction.
Based on the awareness of motivation, feelings and behavior, there are
4 quadrants that collectively represent an individual with respect to
others.
1. Open Self: The motives, feelings and behaviors about which an
individual is aware and is ready to share with other individual are
represented by open self. These three features are quite evident
when an individual is open, straight forward and sharing.
2. Blind Self: it is the state in which motives, feelings and behavior
related information is known to others but individual is not aware of
them. He/she might frustrate or disturb others unknowingly. The
other individuals can inform this to the individual but are afraid to
hurt his/her feelings.
 3. Hidden Self: this includes those motives, feelings, and behaviors
which are hidden from others but the individual himself/herself is
aware of them. Individuals often do not share numerous feelings
with others from the initial stages of their age.
4. Unknown Self: the state where neither others nor the individuals
are aware of this information. Till the time these behaviors, feelings
and motives are not allowed to come up, individuals and others are
not aware of them and only witness them through deep fears and
dreams.

Benefits of Johari Window:

1. It helps to improve interpersonal relationship and communication
skills.
2. Individuals can explore their skills, abilities or professional
features.
3. An individual can evolve personally as well as professionally as
he/she receives feedback based on strengths and weakness from
within as well as superiors, co-workers and customers.
4. It is also applicable to teams and groups for addressing their
collective features and skills.
CREATIVITY-OUT OF BOX THINKING:
According to Robert E. Franken “Creativity is defined as the tendency
to generate ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in
solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves
and others”
In Simple words, Creativity is the process of doing something new.
Features of Creativity:
1. Imaginative: Creative thinking means the first imagination. This
type of thinking can be viewed in art, while science and technology
are also insightful. For example: Johann Guttenberg combined
wine press and coin punch to invent printing press.
2. Purposeful: There is a purpose behind every creative imagination.
The purpose must not be unethical, or harmful. It can be opening a
botte without using a cork screw, for surviving a sunken boat, etc.
3. Original: Originality is a significant feature of creativity. Creativity
is looking at the same thing(originality) as everyone else and
thinking something different.
4. Of Value: This features states that the end result or outcome of
creativity must have some value. Creative ideas should be able to
solve problems.
5. Ability: the capability to originate something new is called
creativity. It does not mean that something is developed out of
blue, but numbers of old ideas are combined or restructured to
create a new and improved idea.
6. Attitude: Creativity is about having an attitude towards idea,
object or habit. Being capable of adapting to the changes and
novelty, willingness to experiment with new ideas and notions.
7. Process: Creativity is a continuous process where the individual
constantly puts in efforts to advance the ideas and results with
minor changes and adaptions to work.
Importance of Creativity:
1) Ability to discover new solutions: Creativity has the capability to
look up for better solutions to issues and inventing new things.
2) Increases Efficiency: Creative acts as a main source to develop
ideas in order to increase the efficiency and usefulness of a
 system. Because ideas that end up improving the output,
increases the efficiency.
3) Enhances Knowledge: creativity helps people to utilize their in-
depth knowledge & skills in creating better ideas, techniques and
improved way of implementing them.
4) Assists in Exploring Opportunities: in order to develop
something new needs an extensive research to find out the
opportunities in the different areas. In the initial stage, new ideas
might be developed by thinking totally out of box.
CREATIVE PROCESS:

1. Idea Germination: Germination is the process of nurturing an idea

along with a purpose. For example, in case of a scientist it would
be in response to a scientific problem. Most of the creative ideas
are drawn on the basis of a person’s interest in a particular field of
study.

2. Preparation: once the idea is germinated, the next step is to give

it a concreate and practical form. This is when the intellect uses his
knowledge and try to find answer for how the idea can be
implemented in reality. Here such intellect person can refer the
other persons research in same field or conduct laboratory
experiment to launch new product.

3. Incubation: before the idea is acted upon it is often allowed to

incubate properly. During this period the person who generated
idea dreams about how idea works in real life(fantasizing). This
happens in subconscious level.
 4. Illumination: this is the time when the idea is converted into its
real form, as imagined by the inventor. It is a lengthy and on-going
process.

5. Verification: After implementation of idea, during this stage the

idea is evaluated or verified. This reveals whether the idea is
valuable or not. This is long and tedious process in which the
knowledge and skills of the individual are tested.
Techniques of Creativity:
1. Idea box or Matrix Analysis: this technique attempts to solve
problems by studying the total set of relationships in multi-
dimensional problems. Typically, the idea box is two-dimensional
box containing rows and columns in which one can set out the
parameters of the problem and then start listing their variations.
The variations are then randomly combined.
2. Heuristics: it is problem solving approach. This technique is used
to generate different course of action for finding out the optimal
solution. It is psychological method to make decisions and find out
solutions (trial and error). E.g., stereotyping, thumbs rule, making
assumptions, etc.
3. Attribute Listing: attribute listing is the means of getting focused
on all possible attributes of a product or problem. The problem
related to the product is broken down into smaller parts and then it
is analyzed in order to get detailed information.
4. Brainstorming: it is group discussion to produce ideas. Here
group members are given a topic or problem to solve. Each
member is encouraged to come up with all types of unusual ideas
to solve the problem. Large emphasize is given on number or
quantity of solutions provided by members.
5. Synectic: it is similar technique like brainstorming but in this
technique, group members are from diverse field and each come
up with diverse ideas. It attempts to solve problems through
metaphors.
6. Value Analysis: it was developed during World war II. Value
analysis is systematic approach that determines the role of each
component, method, process that is involved in the making of a
 product or service. In this process those wasteful or errors are
identified in each process, method, component and then are
eliminated. It is also called as ‘cost-reduction’ technique. Value
analysis can be applied to the industries like manufacturing and
services.
LATERAL THINKING:
According to Edward de Bono, “Lateral Thinking is a method of exploring
multiple possibilities and approaches instead of pursuing a single
approach.”
Lateral thinking is solving problems through an indirect and creative
approach, even sometimes breaking rules (not following step by step
process) to reach the solution.
Lateral thinking is “thinking about thinking” in a non-emotional sense.
Characteristics of Lateral Thinking:
1. Closely related to creativity: Lateral thinking is closely related to
creativity. Creativity is description of a result whereas lateral
thinking is description of the process.
2. Concerned with changing patterns: lateral thinking is concerned
with changing patterns or breaking out of the concept prisons of
old ideas and generation of new ideas and insights. Lateral
thinking focuses on the process than on the end -result.
3. Both an attitude and a method of using information: lateral
thinking leads to changes in attitude and approach; to looking in a
different way at things which have always been looked at in the
same way.
4. Never a judgement: lateral thinking does not hold a pattern to be
wrong but the rigidity of the same to be wrong.
5. Directly related to the Information handling behavior of the
mind: Lateral thinking is related to breaking old patterns by
maximizing one’s own potential to create a new pattern.
6. Concerned with generation of new ideas: lateral thinking is
concerned with generation of new ideas. New ideas are the stuff of
change and progress in every filed from science to art, from
politics to personal happiness.
 7. Distinct from vertical thinking: lateral thinking is quite distant
from vertical thinking which is traditional type of thinking. In vertical
thinking one follows step by step process to solve problems.
Techniques of lateral thinking:
1. Generation of Alternatives: in lateral thinking one tries to
produce as many alternatives as possible. The purpose of
generating many alternatives is to loosen rigid patterns to provoke
new patterns.
2. Challenging Assumption: the idea here is to challenge not the
arrangement of ideas but the ideas themselves. In lateral thinking
there is no question of attacking the assumptions as wrong. It is
simply a matter of trying to re-structure patterns.
3. Creativity: Lateral thinking is somewhat related to creativity. it is
the ability to produce something new through imaginative skill
which could be a new solution to a problem, a new method or
device or new artistic object or form.
4. Dominant ideas and crucial factors: For every problem try to
identify dominant ideas and crucial factors. For example: in the
apple picking machine, dominant idea is picking apple and crucial
factor is that the machine should pick ripe and not damaged
apples.
5. Innovation: it involves forward thinking wherein building up
something new and thinking from future point of view.
6. Suspend Judgement: suspend judgement is prerequisite. One
has to suspend all judgment of ideas. A person is allowed to be
wrong on the way even though he must be right in the end.
7. Analogies: these are used in lateral thinking by translating
problems into analogies. Analogy in lateral thinking is not to prove
anything, they are used simply to generate ideas.
8. Fractionation: fractionation deals with completely breaking down
of the situation into its components.
9. Reversal Method: in this method one takes things as they are and
then turns hem round, inside out, upside down, back to front. Then
one sees what happens. Ex: you make water run uphill instead of
downhill.
 10. Random stimulation: instead of trying to work from within
the idea one can deliberately general external stimulation (random
thoughts) to solve some problems.
Uses of lateral thinking:
1. New ideas: lateral thinking helps in generation of new ideas.
There are jobs which demand a continual flow of new ideas
(research, design, architecture, engineering, advertising, etc.)
2. Problem solving: lateral thinking is easy way of solving problem
because here it is not necessary to follow step by step rules. It
may be a matter of avoiding something, of getting something, of
getting to know what one wants.
3. Processing perceptual choice: each one has set of perception
for the same problem. Instead of thinking from one perception,
lateral thinking allows to think differently beyond perception.
4. Periodic re-assessment: it means challenging assumptions.
Lateral thinking helps in looking again at things which are taken for
granted, things which seem beyond doubt.
5. Prevention of sharp division and polarization: As an attitude
lateral thinking should prevent emergence of those problems which
are created through sharp division and polarization.
GOAL SETTING:

According to Schuler, “Goal setting is defined as the tendency to set

goals and to make long-term plans to reach these goals”.
Organizations use SMART goals for effective goal setting. SMART is an
acronym for the five characteristics of well-designed goals which are as
follows:
S.M.A.R.T. Goals: (characteristics of Goal)
I. Specific: A specific goal is one that is clearly defined. A specific
goal has a much greater chance of being accomplished than a
general goal.
II. Measurable: A goal must be measurable in order to have value. If
the goals are not measurable, one never knows whether people
are making progress towards their successful completion.
III. Attainable (Action oriented): goals must be attainable. Goals
should be actually performed by an employee based on his or her
skills, experience, etc.
IV. Realistic: goals must be realistic in nature. It should actually
achievable.
V. Time-bound: Effective goals must have starting points, ending
points and fixed durations.
Types of goals:

1. Short term Goals: short term goals are ones that a person will
achieve in the near future, typically in less than one year. Short
term goals are often, but not always, stepping-stones on the way
to achieving long term goals.
 For example, the target of increasing sales by 5 % in the next
month.
Types of Short-term goals:
i. Foundational Goals: these are those short-term goals that
may be accomplished in less than one year. These are prior
to capstone goals. These are often used as physiological
improvements.
For example: A students needs to get entrance exam
cleared before getting admission into a reputed MBA college.
ii. Provisional Goals: these are usually steeping stones to the
larger goals. Typically completed in less than a month.
These are which an individual focuses on a daily basis and
are often used for technical improvement.
For example: finishing a college project, get a 90 plus marks
for a subject next week.
2. Long term Goals: long term goals are those goals which are
made to be achieved after five to six years. A lot of time and
planning is required to achieve long term goals. Individuals have to
take several small steps in terms of short-term goals to achieve
long term goals.

For example: to become highest revenue generated company is a

long-term goal for a company.
a) Life time goals:
Lifetime goals are those major goals that one would like to
accomplish over his lifetime. Typically, these goals will have
accomplishment dates of ten or more years in the future.
For example: one can have life time goal to become an Accountant,
making ten million dollars, travelling around the world, having four
children, etc.
Types of life time Goals:
1. Career goals
2. Financial Goals
3. Educational goals
4. Family Goals
 5. Artistic goals
6. Attitude Goals
b) Capstone Goals: Capstone goals are commonly those key goals
you will need to accomplish first before you accomplish your life
time gaols. These will be typically accomplished in one year’s time.
For example: A lifetime goal of travelling around the world would
have a capstone goal of saving a certain amount of money.
Benefits of goal setting:
1. Mobilizes Energy: Goal setting mobilizes energy. If everyone in
the organization is focused on a small number of important targets,
then energy of the organization is directed towards achieving
goals.
2. Increases Probability of Success: Goal setting increases the
probability of success. Determining objectives helps to eliminate
causes for failure of goals.
3. Increases focus: goal setting helps an employee to better focus
on the elements that create success.
4. Evaluates performance: goal setting not only help the employee
chart his progress but it also helps management to measure
development.
5. Provides motivation: setting a goal is designed to motivate an
employee and help increase performance.
6. Increases awareness: goal setting increases awareness of a
person’s strengths and weaknesses.
7. Specific priorities: some people have difficulty completing tasks
because they do not know their priorities. So, goal setting is
required to avoid distractions.
Problems in goal setting(limitations):
1. Gives senses of failure: when someone does not achieve a goal,
he may experience a sense of failure. This failure could prevent
the person from setting goals in the future.
2. Creates Pressure: stated goals create pressure, especially if
someone else creates them. Someone tasked with improving her
 work performance by 25% over the previous year might feel the
pressure of having to meet an employer’s expectations.
3. Sometimes Demotivates Employees: goals that are not properly
set can become demotivating. If the goal seems too easy or not
specific enough, then the employee is not motivated to achieve it.
Personalized Goal-setting:
The term personal goal setting means that we must do the goal setting
for it to have real meaning for life. Personal goal setting helps to create a
workable plan for achieving success.
It is important to remember that without a plan, goals may be no more
than day dreams.
Essential guidelines in Personal Goal-setting:
1. When developing a long-term goal, think big: Some of the best
goals come from day dreams. Just be sure they are realistic-
something that can actually be accomplished.
2. Set realistic deadlines: Without enough time to achieve the goal,
we immediately set ourselves up for disappointment. Always allow
for delays that could easily happen. On the other hand, do not
allow three weeks for a goal that should only take one week.
3. Review goals overview regularity: review your goals overview
regularly to be sure it still reflects your needs.
4. Be flexible: no one can predict the future. As time goes on, you
may have to change steps or deadlines or goal itself.
5. Stay focused: always keep your long-term goals in the back of
your mind.
6. Check-off steps as they are accomplished: Whenever we
check-off something that has been accomplished, we build self-
confidence.
7. Accept mistakes and setbacks- they are going to happen: no
one is perfect. Learn from mistakes and move on.
Importance of personalized Goal setting:
1. Helps in understanding the priority of events or things: it
means individual first sets goals to achieve his needs. Then
afterwards he sets goals to fulfil his wants.
 2. Helps in assessing one’s assets and liabilities: goal setting
helps in assessing what qualities and resources an individual has
and what hindrances can occur in achievement of those goals.
3. Helps in exploring goals: goal setting helps in exploring different
aspects to know more about achieving goals.
4. Helps in scheduling time: goal setting helps in making timetable
for the whole process of goal achievement.
5. Helps in making sense of life: A person without any goal for his
life is just like animal wandering here and there with no purpose.
6. Helps in increasing concentration towards goal
achievements: goal setting not only gives purpose to one’s life but
also helps in concentrating how to achieve goal.
7. Helps in avoiding delays: got setting will increase focus &
concentration of individual towards goal achievement. Thus, it
avoids delays.
Limitations of personalized goal setting:
 Selection of incorrect goals: selection of incorrect goal may lead
individual to go in the wrong direction.
 Error of time calculation: it is very difficult to calculate accurate
time required to accomplish the goal. An individual can set more or
less time than the actual time required.
 Fear of failure: People may think that if goals are not achieved,
the time, money and efforts put by them in achieving those goals
will go waste.
 Makes individual alienated: to achieve goal an individual will
ignore other aspects of life like his health, relationships and other
passions.
 Creates spiritual vacuum: excessive enthusiasm towards
achieving goals not only makes individual alienated from others
but it also makes him spiritually drain from inside.
TIME MANAGEMENT:
According to Ann Smith Rice, “Time Management is defined as
gaining control over what you do, when you do it, how you do it
and why you do it.”
According to Vaughn, “Time Management is defined as organizing
and monitoring time so that tasks can be scheduled and completed
in an efficient and timely manner.”

Value of Time:
Time is extremely important in our life; it helps us to organize and
structure our daily activities. Time is valuable due to the following
reasons:
1. Time is Invaluable: time is more valuable than money. Nothing
can stop the flow of time. Time once past cannot be brought back
by any means.
2. Importance of time management for success: time
management is a good habit, lays foundation for life and always
the critical success factor. If anybody wastes his childhood, he will
not be able to acquire and build up character in future.
3. Punctuality & Timeliness: a person who understands the
importance of time practices punctuality in life. A punctual person,
who uses his time cautiously, becomes successful in life.
4. Future is Unseen: there are many things that are beyond the
control of human future. Though the future is unseen, man can
work hard today to increase the probability of a better future.
 5. Less Unhealthy Stress: because you have better control of time
and you know you can meet the deadlines; you are more relaxed
and calmer which enables you to get rid of too much stress.
Diagnosing Time Management:
The following list covers some of the most common signs of diagnosing
poor time management. Following are the symptoms which are
experienced by a person whose time management is poor.
1. Poor Punctuality: if a person is regularly late for appointments or
completing tasks. This may be due to accepting too many tasks or
inability to assign priorities.
2. Rushing: if someone is constantly rushing from one appointment
to another then their time management is poor. A skilled time
manager allows sufficient time between appointments to cope with
unforeseen events.
3. Impatience: having failed to allow sufficient time for a task or
having procrastinated excessively, one finds himself under
extreme pressure to make a deadline.
4. Poorly Defined goals: if a person does not have clearly defined
goals, he cannot prioritize the tasks properly. A skilled manager
knows to take time to set clearly defined goals, around which their
activities can be scheduled.
5. Procrastination: if a person constantly postpones the task, that
refers to procrastination. repeated procrastination result in stress
and poor performance.
6. Poor performance: people with poor time management skill often
perform tasks poorly.
7. Lack of energy: poor time management people constantly fall
behind in task, energy level begins to drop and they lose
motivation.
8. Perfectionism: in reality, very few tasks are ever performed
perfectly. Always trying to make things perfect may cause for poor
time management.
9. Indecisiveness: Poor time management people spend excessive
time to choose an option and to come to a conclusion.
 10. Saying ‘yes’ to everything: Constantly saying ‘yes’ will
leave a person with an excessive workload. One of the quickest
ways to improve your time management is to be assertive and
learn to say ‘No’.
11. Doing everything yourself: one of the clearest signs of
poor time management is when a person does everything himself.
It does not matter whether a person is self employed or an
employee; there are always tasks which can be delegated,
automated or outsourced.
Weekly planner:
A weekly planner allows to allocate time, hour by hour throughout the
course of the day and week, which gives clear guidelines around what to
do and when to do it.
1. Think about all of the different things that require your time or
attention during a week.
2. Put essential and non-flexible commitments into your planner first.
3. Remember that it is generally not possible to fit in all the things we
would like to do in a week.
4. Make sure that you schedule in some relaxation or down time into
your schedule.
5. If you cannot fit all of your commitments into your planner then you
will need to rethink how much you have taken on and make
changes as appropriate.
6. Be realistic about how you are allocating your time.
7. Some people like to have very fixed schedules while others like a
more flexible approach.
8. A weekly planner is only useful if you follow it.
To do list:
To do list is writing down all the task in one place so that any important
task is not forgotten. It helps in prioritizing the task in the order in which
a person will do them. To do list is essential if a person are going to beat
work overload.
Step 1: write down all the task that you need to complete. If they are
larger tasks, break out the first action step, write this down with larger
task.
Step 2: run through these tasks allocating priorities from A(very
important, or very urgent) to F (unimportant, or not at all urgent).
Prioritizing work:
Prioritizing the task or work means making the most important tasks
attract more attention than less important tasks. It simply means creating
more time for your important tasks while spending less time on less
important tasks.
Following are the guidelines to prioritize work:
1. To do list: Maintaining to do list and ranking task according to
importance or urgency to plan for a day and to keep one’s mind
focused.
2. Review your workload regularly: Consider
delegating(distributing) tasks to others, or outsource it wherever it
is possible so that one’s workload is reduced on unimportant
things.
3. Remember the 80:20 rule of workloads: it is very simple- 80% of
our work contributes to less than 20% of its value. 20% of our work
contributes to more than 80% of its value. So, concentration on the
most crucial 20% of our work is required.
4. Set realistic deadlines for your tasks: after observing to do list, it
is important to make sure that the time set to each task is not over
optimistic.
5. Allow time for interruptions: if a work requires a certain time to
finish, it is important to deal with urgent queries during this time.
6. Structure your workload: A person should avoid picking up a job,
doing it a bit and then putting it back on the pile. It is important to
deal one at a time and finish each one before starting another.
7. Keep multitasking to a minimum: starting a number of jobs
simultaneously means most of them would not get their undivided
attention.
 8. Keep a log of your workload: if a person is unsure how long
things take, how often focus shifts or how many times interruptions
occur, it is required to keep a log of working week. This will help to
plan a week in future.
Advantages of time management:
1. Minimizes stress: Good time management results in tasks being
completed on time and facilitates achievement of goals. Thus,
further gives satisfaction, enhances self-esteem and reduces
stress.
2. Provides a sense of achievement: time management helps in
completion of tasks and ensures success, that one wishes for.
Thus, it gives a sense of achievement and confidence to do more.
3. Conserves energy: Good time management smoothens the work
process and thus saves energy, which could then be used for
more productive work.
4. Enhance productivity: good time management also enhances
productivity as rational use of time results in more output.
5. Reduce re-work: Proper time management also reduces errors at
work thus preventing the need for redoing things.
6. Provides free time: time managed is time saved, which can be
utilized for leisure and recreational activities, with the family or
friends.
7. Reduces wastage of time: by careful planning and managing
time one is able to optimize the use of available time thereby
avoiding or reducing wastage.
8. More opportunities: if one can manage time properly, then such
person can avail of many more opportunities in life.
9. Improve reputation: good time management enhances efficiency
thereby improving performance. Thus, such people earn a good
reputation
10. Minimizes effort: time management makes work easy,
requiring less time and effort to achieve the same task.
Disadvantages of time management:
  Isolation from Personal & social life: with too much focus on
managing time one tends to concentrate on professional life and
ignores his personal & social life.
 Lack of innovation: individual who follow well organized daily
schedule will have little or no room for innovation or thinking up
something new.
 Results in tense life: overspending time on tasks leaves one with
little or no time for anything else, which in turn causes stress.
 Results in addiction to procrastination: distractions cause to
postpone tasks(procrastination).
 Poor multi-tasking skills: the rigors of modern day professional
and personal life demand multi-tasking, i.e., the need to perform
several duties and tasks in a day. If one fails to have multi-tasking
skills his life can be disturbed.
 Negative perspective: Poor time management results in failure to
achieve results. This creates negativity not only in the individual
but also in those with whom he associates with like colleagues,
family members and friends.
Tips for time management:
1. Macro planning: An individual should take a long-term
perspective, set goals and draw up a broad plan. This gives an
overview and a broad framework to work within.
2. Plan each day: An individual should plan his day in advance,
schedule the task and prepare a to do list. This is very helpful to
achieve small tasks tat add up to major tasks.
3. Prioritize tasks: Always prioritize the tasks at hand so that the
important and urgent ones get completed first.
4. Say no to non-essential tasks: Learn to no say no to tasks that
are not essential things, so that the focus remains on important
ones.
5. Delegate: One cannot do everything himself hence it is essential
to delegate certain task to others based on their competencies.
6. Take the time required to do a quality job: An individual should
not compromise in the time required to do important and difficult
tasks.
7. Break large, time consuming tasks into smaller tasks: Long
term goals and complex tasks may be require to be broken into
smaller specific tasks.
8. Evaluate how one is spending his time: An individual should
evaluate how he is spending his time to know where time is being
wasted.
9. Take a time management course: good organizations arrange
such tie management courses for their employees which helps in
reducing stress and increasing effectiveness.
10. Take a break when needed: It is important to take break
from routine work to refresh and relax when needed.