Reading Test

65 MINUTES , 52 QUESTIONS

Tu m to SectJon 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questlons In thls sectlon •

• 'Jm 톨• • I'J~‘·

Each passage or palr of passages below Is followed bya number of questlons. After readlng
each passage or palι choose the best answer to each que야lon based on what is stated or
Implled In the passage or passages and In any accompanying graphlcs (such as a table or
graph).

Questlons 1-10 are based on the followlng standing here alone. And just as that knowledge
passage. would threaten to destroy the scene, Naomi would
Th l5 pa55age 15 adapted from Dinaw Menge5tu, Th e Beautlful
25 do something small, like turn the page too early or
Th lngs That Heaven Bears. <?>2007 by Dinaw Menge5tu. shift in her chair, and 1 would be happy once a뿔in.
Naoml, an eleven-year-old on a school break. 15 vlsltlng the 1 had more customers then , and 1 treated each
narrator, a famlly frlend from Ethlopla, at the st~re he interruption to our reading as an assault on my
manages. They have made a plan to read the novel Th e privacy. When someone 1 didn’t know entered the
Brothers Karamazov together. 30 store, Naomi would mark where 1 had left off so that
1 could keep my eyes on the person wandering
1 read forty or fifty pages that first day. Naomi
around the aisles. She would take the book out of my
read none. After 1 read the first page 1 waited for her
hand, put her finger on the 앉act word or seÍl tence 1
to pick up where 1 had left off, but she insisted, in a
had just concluded, and hold it there until 1 returned.
Une voice that bordered on pleading, 앙lat 1 continue.
35 1 kept one man, who came to the counter with a
5 “ One more," she said at firs t. And when that page
s빼e roll of toilet paper 뼈er his arm , waiting for
had been completed, she added another “ onemore"
more than a minute while 1 finished reading a page 1
to that, until eventually there were so many “pl없ses"
had just started. At first he sm피edandwas 야1하med
and “ pretty pleas앓 and “ come on, pleases" that 1
by what he saw. The charm wore off when 1 refused
was left utterly defenseless.
40 to acknowledge him. He responded by slamming the
10 1 looked up every couple of pages to see ifNaomi
’roll on the counter, inches from my face, and
was still paying attention, and of course she was. Her
storming out. Naomi and 1 read on.
attention, in fact, never seemed to waver. 1 felt her
1 slipped into the 야1았aαers as 1 read. 1 grumbled
staring at me sometimes when myeyes were focused
and bellowed, slammed my fist onto the counter, and
on the page, and 1 realized she was taking it all in, not
45 threw my arms wide 0야n. 1 knew this was 앉actly
15 just the words, but me, and.the scene that we had
what my father would have done had he been the one
created together. 1 tried not to notice too much, to
rea<ling. He would have made the ~ory an event, as
simply just live, but that was impossible. Every time 1
grand and real as life. He must have told me
looked at her 1became aware of just how seemingly
hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of stories, not
perfect this time was. 1 thought about how years from
50 just at ni방lt， but throughout the course of any given
20 now 1would remember this with a, çrushing,
day, over breakfast, during lunch, in the midd1e of a
heartbreaking nostal휠a， because of course 1 knew
conversation he mi방lt have been ca따뺑 onwith
even then that 1would eventually find myself
my mother or friends. There was no wrong time with
him, or if there was, he didn’ t live long enoùgh for
55 me to see it.

March QAS 3/10/18

‘
Una띠horlzed copylng or reu 410hnypart 。’‘’Ilspage “IIIegaI. 2 I를mI삐표I훌.
 1 1
rhe slories he invenled himsclfhe 1이 d wilh 톨
‘
particular deligh l. Thcy all bcgan thc same vay, ‘이 th
Which choice best supports Ihe conc1 usion thal
thc same Iighthearted tone, with a small wave ofthe
hand , as ifthe world were being brushed 10 Ihe sidc , ‘. .
reading 10 Naomi inler(eres ith some of the
60 wh ich 1 suppose for him it actually was
narrator’ s responsibilities?

시 메 디
~ Ah , Ihat reminds me. Did I tcll you about- Li ne 5 (‘ One ... first ")
The farmer who was 100 lazy 10 plow hîs field s
Li ncs 23 . 26 (~A n d just ... again")
The hycna who laughed himscl(to dcath
29.32 {“ When ... a i slcsη)
65
The lion who tried 10 stcal the monkey's dinncr
The monkcy who tricd to stcalthe lîon ’ s dinncr?" mLiLi nes
nes 35.38 (“ 1 kcpl .. . slarted")
If 1 had heard the story before, I let hîm lell it 10
me again. His performancc was that good , his love of
a story thal obvious. Whcn Fyodor Karamazov
톨
spoke, I wavcd my hands wildly in Ihe air. I
70 grumbled in a deep baritone and lried as hard as I Thc narrator's descriptions ofNaomi suggest Ihat
could to do my (ather proud 5he is notable for her
“ Ah , you (ools ," I shoulcd out , and Naomi smiled A) cmpathy loward olher people
in delighl
Naomi found each oflhe characters as real as B) abilily 10 concentrale and observe
75 anyone she mel in the streel C) talent for dramatizing fiction
“ Oooh , I hale him ," she would ιry out afler a 0) optimism despîte many hardships
parlicularly cruel antic 011 the parl of Ihe elder
Karamazov. When it camc 10 Alyosha , though , Ihe
youngesl and gentlest o(lhe Karamazov br이 her s ， she
8() was …Il ing 10 fall complelely În love
I
Which choice best rcnects Ihe perspeCl ive ofthe
narmtor regarding his reading 10 Naom i?
A) Hc is um:quivocally delighted , becausc reading

’ Over the course of the passage , the main shift in

(ocus is (rom
A) an anecdote about an amusing event 10 a
‘。 Naomi has provided him with a much.needed
creative out1et
B) He is plcasa nlly surpriscd , because hc did not
expect Naomi 10 be 50 enthusiastic about
recolleclion of similar events from Ihe narralor ’s
rcading
childhood
C) He is occasionally regretful, because he is n이 as
B) an accou l1 t of the early stages of a fricndship 10 a
skilled a readcr as his fathcr was
fore shadowing ofthat (riendship’s ult imate
demise D) Hc is somcwhat ambivalent , because hc
knows thal rus reading time wilh Naomi w띠
C) a description of an emotionally significant
incvitablyend
aιt i vity 10 a reflection o l1 the narralor’s early
experiellces with thal activily
0) a character sketch of an individual to a
consideralion of how that individual has
changed the life ofthe narrator

March OAS 3/10/18

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“ 1“æd ‘。""잉@’“。f .ny pI.1 of \h ，.，.’‘씨 ..' 3 톨파IIU.J.
톨 l톨
Which choice provides the besl evidence for the The passage indicates that the narrator’ s fathcr
,’‘swer to Ihe previous queslion ’ viewcd storytelling as something that
A) Li ncs 10- 11 (“ 1 lookcd ... she was") A) continued a long-standing fami ly tradition
ß) Li nes 17-23 (‘ Every ... alone") B) proηded a means of bringing historical events to
c) Li nes 38-4 2 (‘ AI first ... read on") life
D) Li ncs68-71 (“ Whcn ... proud") C) helped ch ildrcn 10 distinguish good choices from
bad one5
D) was part of lhc fabric ofthc family’ s evcryday
삐 life
As lI scd in line 34. "concluded" m051 nearly means
A) decided 믿
B) finished As used in Ii nc 53 , ‘ wrong" mosl nearly means
C) inferred A) inappropriate
0) dismisscd B) unjust
C) immoral
톨 D) inacιurate

’
It ca n reasonably be inferred from Ihe 1 assage thal
Ihc narrator‘ s fa ther influenced him by
A) creating an environmenl thal encouraged young
m
、Nhich situalion is most similar to Ihe one described
people 10 express themselves
ß) emphasizing wllal was m051 imporlanl in a li
welllîved
“ in lines 66.68 (‘ If 1 ... obvious")?
A) A viewer eageriy anticipates the new episodes of
a television series each week
C) providing a model for the dramatic recounting
of a story B) An art ist paints a favorite landscape at sevcral
different hours ofthc day
D) exposing Ihe narrator 10 a number of classic
novels written by renowned authors C) A moviegocr happily secs a partkularly
memorablc fì1 m for a second timc
D) An actrcss rcpeat<.-d ly rcciles the lines ofher
script 10 improve hcr performance

March QAS 3110118

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’
1
Questlons 11-20 are based on the followlng
passage and supplementary materla’-
Thls passage is adapted from Adam Alter, Drunk Tank Plnk:
And Other Unexpected Fo.π'es Th at Shape How We 깨Mκ Feel,
and Behave. <1:> 2013 by Adam Alter.
Perhaps the first experiment ever conducted in
the field of social psychology suggests that humans
are often faster and stronger when they test their
Une speed and strength in the company of other people,
5 rather than alone.
까lat study, conducted at Indiana University
in the late 1890s, was the brainchild ofNorman
Triplett, a cyding enthusiast and a sports aficionado.
In dozens of experiments he pushed cyclists to ride as
10 fast as they could on stationary bikes. Across his
observations, Triplett noticed that the cyclists tended
to ride faster when oth~r cyclists rode nearby. One
cydist rode a mile in 2 minutes 49 seconds when
alone, but managed to ride the same mile in
15 2 minutes 37 seconds in the company of four pacing
cyclists; similarly he rode ten miles in 33 minutes
17 seconds while riding alone, but rode the same
dist없lce two minutes faster when riding with several
pacers. Triplett acknowledged that his observations
20 were far from rigoro us, so he conducted an
experiment to show that the effect persisted in a
tightly controUed lab study.
Triplett recruited fortychildren , ages ei방ltto
thirteen , to complete his study in 1897. He measured
25 how quickly the students could wind a fishing reel so
that a small flag atta강led to the line traveled a
distance of sixteen meters. The task was simple but
novel, and none of the children had played with
fishing rods before the experiment. They performed
30 the task both alone and in the presence of other
children. and Triplett noticed that they wound the
reels faster in the presence of others. He conduded
thatan au하ence enables people to “Iiberate latent
energy'’ not normally available when they
35 perform 뼈one.
Science doesn’ t always tell simple stories, and
other researchers challenged Triplett’s
groundbreaking results well into the twentieth
century. Wh ile some researc~ers replicated Triplett’s
40 effect-now kno빼 as the social facilitation e節ct­
others found the ~pposite effect. known as social
inhibition. Joseph Pessin and Ri chard Husband asked
participants in their study to learn a simple maze
either blindfolded alone or blindfl이dedin the
45 presence of other people. The blindfolded
‘
Unauthorlzed ∞pylng or reuse of any part of thl pagelsll때al.
.
P값히cipants σaced their fingers along the maze, and
reversed each time they encountered one of ten dead
ends.ln야ead of performing better in front of an
au버ence， Pessin and Husband’ s participants
50 completed the maze more qui야ly when they were
alone.
Inconsistencies like these persisted for years, until
so다al psychologist Bob Zajonc proposed a solution:
it alI depends on the nature of the task. Audiences
55 accentuate our instinctive responses and make it
more difficult to override those responses in favor of
more carefully considered altematives. The children
in Triplett’s experiment devoted 1itt1e thOUght and
attention to frantically winding the experiment떼
60 fishing reel. In contrast, learning a maze is diffiαlIt，
and itreq~띠res concentration. Pessin 뻐dHusband’s
maze learners were probably distracted by the
knowledge that they were being watched, and feared
making a mistake in front of an audience.
65 Zajonc avoided experimenting with humans at
first, choosing to observe the behavior of seventy-two
cockroaches instead With a small team of
researchers, he devised two small athletic tasks that
req띠red the cockroaches to scuttle from a brightly 1it
70 area in a small box to a more appealing darker
compartment Some of the cockroaches completed a
simpler task, in which they ran along a straight
run，빼.yfrom the 빙are of the box to the darkened
goal compartment The remaining cockroaches
75 completed a more difficult task, traversing a more
complex maze before they could escape the Iight.
Some of the cockroaches completed these tasks
alone, but the researchers also built a small au‘피해야
box to force some of the athletic cockroaches to
80 compete in front of an audience of roach spectators.
Just as the researchers predicted, the cockroaches
were much quicker to cover the straight runway
when watched by an audience, reaching the darkened
goal compartment an average of twenty-three
85 seconds more quickly when they were performing
before a crowd. But the cockroach athletes responded
very differently to an au버ence when they were faced
with the complex maze, reaching the goal seventy-six
seconds more quickly when they were alone. The
90 same audience that pushed the cockroaches to
perform the simpler 때sk more quickly 허50 delayed
Utem when the task was more complex.
h뻐rch QAS 3/10/18
5 I를I표m표I훌.
 1
Human Perform ancc of Easy and Difficuh m톨
fasks in Differcnt Audience Sccnarios
Which choice besl represcnls Ihe differcnl mcanings
. casy lask or “ simple" as u$cd in li ne 27 and linc 36?

‘10 口 difficu 1t task A) Easy; stra ighlforw:l rd

35 B) Mindless; sincere
cι

§킹 30 C) Effortlcss; humblc
응 g 25 0) Inlloccn t; uncomplicatcd
딩e 영 20
~

ε 용 15
잉 n
10 m
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>
5 ’
ßascd 0 1\ the passage , the dcsign ofTr p\ell ’ s
fishing-reel experiment most likely ru\ed oul which
0
alone lnattcntlvc allenl lve pOlcntial objcction to his findings?
audicnce ‘
a Idicncc A) Improvements in Ihc subjccts’ pcrforma l1 ce after
Pe rformancc COI1이 111 011 bcing asked to perform Ihe task in fron l of an
audiencc may reflect th e s u이C이S’ lIl cre:l slIl g
‘"1
Adapted from Hawl Marku he Effect of Mere Pre enceon ‘ competcnce at the tas k.
Soc써 I Fadlitalion: An Unobνusive Test: 0 1978 by AcademκPn?5‘
10< B) Diffcrences between thc subjects’ performance
‘
Particlpant were observed performlng an ea y" ‘ ‘k]‘
uch a ‘ ‘. . ilh an audicncc and thcir pcrformancc without
putting on their shoes) and a dl (fi cult task (‘ uch as putting an audicnce may bc influcnccd by the subjects'
。 n a back.tying lab coat) prior cxperience with the task
C) V:l riations in performance among the subjects
under eithcr 3udicnce co n이 lio l1 Ill ay bc
auributed 10 variations in thc sllbjccts‘ ages and
빼 physical developm ent
Thc main purpose ofthe passage is to 0) Changcs in thc subjccls‘ pcrformancc afl er bcil냉
put in front of an alldicnce may result from somc
‘
A) as crt Il1 al thc majorily of peoplc Icarn morc subjccts obscrving and irnitating thc pcrfo rmance
cffcctivcly in a group than thcy do alo nc of more highly skillcd slI bjecIs
B) present the contradìctory rcsults oftwo st udics
about learni ng that havc cach bccn considercd
groundbrcal이 n g m
C) show how varîOllS cxpcrimcn ts hclpcd establish Which choice provides the bcst evidencc for thc
and refine the underslandìng of an audiencc’s ,ns‘'1er 10 thc p revious qucstion?
시

cffccl on pcrformancc
stud y")
D) chroni cJ c the hî storical dc\'clopmcnl of mLiLî nes 19-22 ("Triplc t\ •.•

ncs 23-24 (“ rri p\ctt ... 1897‘)

compcting theorics of social interaction
이

27-29 (“ Thc task .. . experimcnt")

mLiLi nes
nc‘ 29-32 (‘ rhcy .. . oth ersη

March QAS 3110/18

Unaulkorlzed copy1n.g <>r reuS<l이 3ny part 。’”“‘어，. “ IlIeg싸 6 얻파i1~'" :;þ

훌흩j
As presented in the passage, Triplett would most
likely agree that human beings
A) are capable of ultimately mastering almost any
task with which they are presented.
B) e뼈ibit a general tendency to avoid attempting
difficult tasks when they are alone.
C) have a strong desire to cooperate with other
members of a group.
D) possess ab피ties that they are not always able to
exploi t.
삐를잠 l 펀〈 젠 춰렐찍、팬
Wh ich choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the pre꺼ous question?
A) Lines 9-10 ,(“In dozens ... bikes")
B) Lines 32-35 (“He concluded ... alone")
C) Li nes 36-39 (“Science ... century")
D) Lines 39 -42 (“While ... inhibition")
톨흩 . 깜i/i"/:-':."/X'，:，\'; " •
Based on the passage, which 야loice best describes
what happened when the cockroaches in Zajonc’s
experiment attempted to complete the complex maze
in front of a cockroach audience?
A) The cockroaches became less hesitant in making
choices than they had been without an audience.
B) The cockroaches completed the maze more
slowly than they had without. an audience.
C) The cockroach~ in the maze app없red to
communicate direct1y with the audience.
D) The cockroa야les sought out the simpler task
instead of the complex maze.
Unauthorl맹d ∞pylng or reuse of any part of thls page 151싸옐al.
/
빼
The author uses the terms “ athletic cockroaches,"
“ roach spectators," and “cockroach athletes" in the
last paragraph of the passage most likely to
A) caIl attention to the similarity of the two
experiments described.
B) stress the skepticism with which the authorviews
the design of the experimén t.
,
C) create a casual tone that offsets the seriousness of
the work being done.
D) reinforce the idea that the observed cockroach
behavior is comparable to that of humans.
를틀1
According to the graph, how long did it take
participants, on average, to perform an easy task
when they were alone?
A) More than 10 seconds but less than 15 seconds
B) More than 15 seconds but less than 20 seconds
C) More than 20 seconds but less than 25 seconds
D) More than 25 seconds but less than 30 seconds
훌삐
Information about which of the fo l1owing is
presented in the graph but NOT discussed in the
passage?
A) The time needed to complete tasks
B) Difficult tasks
C) Tasks performed alone
D) An inattentive audience
March OAS 3110/18
7 I를I표표표R률.
 l
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--
‘-- 를?

Questlons 21.31 are based on the followlng Passage2

passages. Researchers b싫ed at the University of C뼈갑ornia.
Passage 1 Is adapted from Chrlstlne Dell’Amore, ’ WhyDo Los An geles (UCLA) have produced one of the most
Zebras Have Strlpes7 New Study Offers Strong Evldence." 45 comprehensive zebra stripe studies yet by e뼈min10g
(02014 by Natlonal Geographlc Soclety. Passage 21s how 29 different environmenta1 때riables influence
adapt뼈 from La ura Popplclc, 빼hy Do Zebras Have Stripes? the stripe styles of p빼s zebras at 16 바fferent sites
It’5 Notfor Camouflage. (02015 by Purch.
Ø
from south to centra1 Afrièa.
ηle scientists found that the definition of stripes
Passage1 50 a10ng a zebra’s back most closely correlated with
The question ofwhy zebras have stripes has
temperature and precipitation 10 a zebra’s
‘ puzzled scientists-including Darwin-for over a
environment. and did not correlate with the
century, leading to five main hypotheses: that the
prevalence of lions or tsetse flies 10 the r，빵on.
Une stripes rep려 10sκts， provide camouflage, confuse
πlese flndings suggest that torso stripes may do
5 predators, reducebody temperature, or help the
55 more to help zebras regulate their body temperature
anima1s interact socia1ly.
than to avoid predators and tsetse flies.
For the first time, scientists played a11 of these
“πlisw혀1 we kept hitting up a.뿔instwas， ‘W배，
theoriesag따nst each other in a statistical model-
why do zebra have to have stripes for predation?
and the res띠t was pretty much , we11, black and white.
Other anim a1s have predators, and they don’thave
10 ‘Wefoundag，따n andag따n and again [that] the
60 stripes.’.. said study co-author Brenda L하ison. “ And
only factor which is higbly associated with striping is
other animals get bitten by flies, and they don’thave
to ban biting flies," said study 1않der Tim Caro, a
stripes, either."
biologist at the University of California, Da에s.
Other animals a1so need to regulate body
For the study, Caro 뻐d colleagues collected data
’
5 from a vast range of sources, including museum
temperature, or thermoregulate, 나rison pointed out,
65 but zebras may especi외ly beneflt from an extra
collections and historical maps.
cooling system because they digest food much less
First, the team looked at variations in st다ping
efficientJy than other grazers 10 Africa. As su야，
pattems across the seven living spe디es ofthe
zebras need to spend longer periods of time out 10
equid group-which includes horses , asses, and
the heat of the midday sun, eating more food.
20 zebras-and their 20 subspecies. Most have some
70 The team found that the plains zebras with the
sort of striping somewhere on their bodies.
most-defined torso stripes genera1ly lived in the
They a1so noted where the s야ipes occurred on the
Northern , equatoria1 region oftheir 빼흙 whereas
body-for instance, the face , be11y, or rump.
those with less-deflned torso s앙.jpes were more
The team then mapped where current and extinct
common 10 the Southem, cooler r뺑onsofthe
25 eq띠d species live, where biting flies are found , the
75 range-a finding that supports the thermoregulation
ranges of predators like lions and hyenas,
explanation.
distribution of forests , and other environmenta1
5till, the researchers have not experimentally
factors that could influence the evolution of stripes.
tested the theory that black and white stripe훌 may
The data was then entered into a statistica1 model to
generate sma1l-scale breezes over a zebra’ sbody, and
30 find out which variable best expla10s striping. .
80 some researchers don't thinkstripes can a야ua1ly
The results showed that the range o( striped
create this effect.
species over1aps with where biting flies are most
“ 1 don't think that you would want to have a lot of
active-regardless of species and where the stripes
black hairs along the top of your back if you wanted
occur on the body. according to the study.
to tπ to keep cool," said Tim Caro, a profi앓orof
35 Brenda Larison. a biolo링st at the University of
85 wildlife biology at the University of California, Da'찌s，
California, Los Angeles , who studies stripes in
who studies zebra stripes but was not involved in
plains zebras, said 야lenewstudγs approa야1 is
“ broad brush," and that more specific research may the new study. “ It’s kind of the last color that you
wouldwan t."
beneeded.
40 That’ swhy “ the story is likely to be much more
complex, and this is unlikely to be the last word on
the subject," said Larison.

March QAS 3/10/18

‘ ‘ ’ ”’egaf.
Unautl orlzed copyfng or reuso of any pert of thf PBgef 8 l훌E멀E믿~
 Caro said regions with ‘ . . armer, ‘、이 tcr climiltes
90 are pilrticulil r1 y susccptible to scveral species of
disease-cilrrying f1 ies othcr thiln the tsetse flics thill
’
the leam con잉 d ered n their sludy, ilnd that thc
reliltionship thc rcsenrchers found may actually be a
function of fly avoidance, not thermorcgulnlion
빼
Which choice bcst supports the idea that Ca r。‘s
team's study may bc relevant to animals other than
zebras?
A) Li nes 1-6 (“ rhe question _.. sOcially' ’)
B) Li ncs 10.13 (끼Ve found ... Dnvis")
훌
C) Li nes 14-16 (“ For ... maps")
D) Li ncs 3 1-34 ("The resu lts ... study")
I톨
In dcscribing Ihe ncw sludy’ s approach as Mbroad
brush’' (Iine 38) , La rison su잃es t s that the study
빼
In Passagc 2, the four th paragraph (l ines 63-69)
mainly scrvcs t。
A) notc a distinction bctwecn zcbras and olhcr
animals with stripes
B) su잃，cstlhat a weakncss in zebra physiology
might be mitigatcd by stripes
C) imply thal Caro’ s rescarch is based on a fa lse
premise aboul zebras' grazîng bchavior
D) describe diπ'eren ces belwecn zebras in warm
cJ im이 es and those in cool dimalcs
Pass‘19C 2 implies Ihal Larison’ Sleam’ s sludy fall s
short ofbeing defìnilivc because Larison
A) disregarded facts Ihat did nol supporl hcr
condusions
B) used rcscarch methods Ih31 have not proved
effcctivc

A) produccd results Ihat arc rclevant to an array of C) did not build on the achievemenls of prior
scicnti fìc discipHnes research on thc subjcct

B) revealed Ihat further research w il1 rcquire a D) has yel 10 confìrm a kcy assumplion madc in
specialized foιus the study

C) raiscd theorelical questions thnl proved

unanswernblc
빼
D) collected far more dala Ihan could be anal)'"lcd
Which choice pro . . ides Ihc best evidcnce for thc
propcrly
answcr to the prcvious questi。이
A) Li ncs 49-53 (‘ The scientists ... rcgion")
I훌 B) Li nes 54-56 (‘ rhese ... fli es")
According 10 La rison in Passage 2, thc reason stripes C) Li nes 70-76 (“끼lC tcam . .. explanation")
arc particuJarJy beneficial to 1.εbras is probabJy
0) Li nes 77-81 (‘ Sl iII ... eπ'ect")
bccallse zcbras
A) cndu re grealcr exposure 10 thc midday sun tha n
。 thcr grazers do

B) cannol cscapc prcdators as easily as other grazer5

in hOI regions can
‘
C) livc in hot , dry climatc that lack an adequate
food supply for m051 grazer5
D) dcfend Ihemsel\'cs morc poorly aga i st prcdator ’‘
auacks Ih an olher grazcrs do

March QAS 3/10/18

‘
u ‘"'Ulhorlu-d (。에찌0< feu~ 01 61'1)'이fl ollhh l>>geb IIleg 9 톨파m멸，
멀 빼
8ascd on Passage 2‘ Caro would mosllikely agree 8ased on the description of Caro's study in Passage 1
with which of the following Slalemenls aboul and that of L:l rison ’ s study in Passage 2, with which
coloralion paltcrns conlaining black stripcs? c1 aim regarding zebras would bolh researchcrs mosl
likely agree?
A) They have an unknown genelic basis
8) They might hinder thermoregulalion in animals A) Stripes in zebras arc used prima버 y for a
diffcrent purpose than 10 provide camouflagc
c) Thcy occur in naturc vcry rarcJy
B) Thc role of stripes in zcbras rcmains as elusive
D) Thcy arc aesthetically unappealing today as in thc past
c) 끼le cvolution of slripes in zebras is in direCl
response 10 prcdalion
를톨
D) The geographic locations in which zcbras Ii ve d。
In Passage 2. the phrase ‘ particuJarJy SuSCcplible’
not influence stripc patterns
(I ine 90) mainly serves t。
A) poinl out a (I aw in L:l rison ’ s conception of
zcbras' geographic rangc m
B) cmphasize thc abundance of pcsts \'hcrc somc ‘ In the passages , Caro and La rison defcnd their
zebras Iivc con c1 usions by relying on
C) highlight thc challcngcs thc tcrrain prcsents 10 A) scvcral expcrimcnts that simulate condit ions in
“
zebras il avoiding predators nature
D) impJy thal the hcat oftheir cnvironmcnt affccls B) fìeld observations over Ihe course of several
zebras more negalively than it does other months
g r.l. zcrs
C) data col1 ectcd from various museums and maps
0) observed correlalions among multiple variables
빼
Thc primaπ purposc of both passages is to considcr
studies that
A) describc the process by which stripes became
widespread among zcbra spccies
B) dispule a common misconccption regarding
zcbras' stripcs
C) explore the likely benefìl that zebras dcrive from
thcir stripcs
D) compare zebras' stripes to coJoralion in othcr
animaJ specics

March QAS 3/10/18

IJrnouthorlud copylng O' 'W‘·이 anv P4' ‘。fthl‘ pðgll ‘ ItI~“ 10 톨파m멸，
(풍
κ

Writing and Language Test

35 MINUTES , 44 QUESTIONS

Tu rn to Sectlon 2 of your 빼swer sheet to answer the questlons In thls sectlon.

-Ultl톨.lltU‘=-

Each passage below Is accompanled bya number of questlons. FOr some questlons, you
wlll conslder how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of Ideas. For
other questions, you wlll conslder how the passage mlght be edlted to correct errors In
sentence structure, usage, or punctuatlon. Apassage or a questlon may be accompanled by
one or more graphlcs (such as a table or graph) that you wlll conslder as you make revising
and editlng declslons.
Some questlons wlll dlrect you to an underll l:l ed portlon of a passage. Other questlons wlll
dlrect you to a 10대tlon In a passage or ask you to thlnk about the passage as a whole.
After readlng each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the qu배ty of writlng in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventlons of standard wrltten Engllsh. Many questlons Include a “ NO CflANGE optlon.
Ø

Choose that optlon if you thlnk the best cholce Is to leave the relevant portion of the
passage as it is.

Questlons 1.11 are based on the followlng passage.

A홈icu1ture Grows Up
. [1] Gurrent agricultura1 practices w피 not be able to
meet the needs of th e" world’s growing population. which
is expected to rise to 9.6 billion by the year 2050. [2] The
amounts of arable land, water, and fossU fuels necessary
to feed so many people using conventional agricultura1
methods are simply too great. [3] Vertical farms
maximize avaUable space by stac따ng plant racks on top
of each other inside skyscrapers and by growing crops
y없r-round. regardless of weather conditions. [4] This
method of farming increases crop production per square

March QAS 3/10118

Unlluthorlzed c때Y‘ngorreu‘eofanypaπ of thls page Is lII egal. 18 lm표삐표I훌.
I함
meter, yielding much more food than does a traditional .i:':처 ijJ E// Y ; , 끼 「←
farπling method employed on an equivalent area ofland. To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5
should be placed
[5] One creative altemative is vertical farming: gro빼ng
A} where it is now.
crops arranged vertically inside tall buildings rather than
B} after sentence 1.
spread horizontally on 1때d. D C) after sentence 2.
COnventionalagriculture 뼈es 10 per야
l ntofthe D} after sentence 3.

world’s avaUable drinking water for irri뿔，tion， while

률톨燮끽쩔I~!깡?애 ;i?쏟 <~장
vertical farming techniques are much more effident in
톨 딴 use ofwater. Using drip irrigation to water the A} NOCHANGE
B} it’s
roots of plants directly rather than irrigating the soil
C) there
around the plants, vertical farmers use less water than do D} their
톨l 빼tio뻐 이aces like farms.0빠rwater-e뻐.cient
、，.~ - _..•.• _-_.-"-.-
methods available to vertical farmers are hydroponics 톨톨환"하원핏f~~ .:
、 、

ι ι 、
• ‘ "-',

(suspending plants in troughs of drculating nutrient- A) NOCHANGE

enriched water) and aeropo미양 (i rrigating p1ants with B) farms using traditional methods.
c) traditional farmers.
only water vapor and nu헤ents). 률I
D) traditional farms.

률lE쉰;딘 깐 깐-- _.-、

At this point, the writer Is considering adding the

foUowing sentence.
Wheat, com, and rice are problematic to grow in
vertic허 farms because of the large amount of
space these crops req띠re relativè to the amount
of food they produce.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it presents a claim that is countered
later in the passage.
B) Yes, because it gives an example that supports
the main point of the p하agraph.
C) No, because it distracts from the focus of the
paragraph by adding irrelevant information.
D} No, because it contradicts a point made earlier ln
the paragraph.

March QAS 3/10/18

Una따hort양dcopylngor 뼈뻐eofanypaπ 。hhl‘ pagelsm앵81. 19 I를I댄표표I훌.

1' 2 ,

Because their indoor facUities can be placed 률1;젠 f

anywhere there is 톨 꽉댄탤만 light and energy, vertica1 A) NOCHANGE
farms can be located where 뼈삐땐쁘쁘 most B) just about enough
C) an unobJectionable amount of
needed: in cities. Establishing farms in cities not only
D) a plenitude of essential
pro찌des residents with fresh produce 훌쁘빨

뜨쁘~ the fossU fuel consumed during shipping. Salad 률Iι 끼:'，~，렌?
greens from the Chicago-based company FarmedHere, A) NOCHANGE
for example, are sold within a few mUes of the vertical B) were
farm where theyare harvested. By contrast, most lettuce c) are
D) are being
consumed in Chicago must be transported over
1,000 mUes by truck before it is eaten.
톨톨?깜.，'，깐펀?
.•

A) NOCHANGE
B) and 허so reduces
C) as it a1so reduces
D) whUe a1so reducing

March OAS 3/10118

‘ ‘
Ur뻐띠horlzed copying or reu e of ony P'lrt of thls P'lge S 川egal. 20 l를I표쿄표I훌.
&훌 2<1
Despite the advantages ofvertical farming, it can be 톨.
、‘
ν
、
,.'
、

difficult to construct buildings that let in enou방1 sunlight Which 야loice most effectively sets up the next
sentence in the paragraph?
for crops to grow, and I톨 meene때 need뼈 m
A) NOCHANGE
supplement or replace sunli~ht with artificialliaht can be
B) the air quality inside the buildings 이ffers
prohibitivelvexP ensive! However, preliminaπ according to location.
C) the architect would likely need some knowledge
experimen양 with low-cost LED li뱅ts have been
of vertical farming.
promising, showing that farming with artiflciallight can' D) cities that are already populous may not have
room for more buildings.
be feasible on a 빼 l~eand~eat scale. More
experiments are necess하Y to demonstrate the viabU1ty 야
0f

%며싫혜I 찮ms，
ι， ，
w빼hi뼈벼 파
Diick
생 sonl
빼빼 De뼈
spomn
률.'
A) NOCHANGE
으략
~pu
배비Uc
b health an찌
I떠
de윈
env
찌ironme
해 nt뻐때
허1 health sciences at
a
8) large
Columbia Un띠iψve타rs잉ity，’ belleves could make cities nearly C) large, extensive
self-sufficient food producers. S떼， as demand for D) large and also extensive
agricultural produce continues to increase, 빼뾰짝
&rminJ! advocates willlikelv encoura~e consumers to
p'atronize local businesses, includin~ vertical fanns.
.' A) NOCHANGE
8) Despommier, professor of
C) Despommier professor, of
D) Despommier professor of

빼
The writer wants a conclusion that restates the main
idea of the passage. Which choice best accomplishes
this goal?
A) NOCHANGE
B) vertical-farming advocates seek additional ways
to allow sunlight into city buildings so the plants
can 1P,'0w.
C) researchers are continuing to investigate the
feasibility of using low-cost LED li뱅ts in vertical
farming.
D) vertical farming and similar efforts to meet the
wor1 d’s nutritional needs can only become more
important.

March OAS 3/10/18

U뼈U1horlzed ∞ pylngorrou빼 0' any part 0' thls ’

pB ge Is 11 egal. 21 I휠를
 2
Questlons 12-22 are based on the followlng passage. 풀li'
A) NOCHANGE
A Singer Finds Her Voice B) writersj and
In the spring of 1963, African Americans across the C) wrlters and,
D) W다ters， and
United States learned that the civil rights leader
Martin Luther King Jr. had been arrested at a nonviolent
삐훌l 끼
demonstration protesting racial segregation in A1 abama.
A) NOCHANGE
As Ki ng worked on his historic “Letter from Birmingham
B) enlarge
Jail ," many Afric때 American musicians, 圖쁘뾰파 C) advance
쁘와 other artists looked for ways to use their s해lIsto D) elaborate
빼 판쩔맺e causeofci폐 righ양. One such artist,

celeb때ted singer Nina 빼핀쁘띤 became a strong 멸I~ ， ,

‘
,'. ";"'": .. ,":J

public voice for the movement, 빼 ha피n2stu바ed A) NOCHANGE

B) Simone-
classical music at the Juilliard School in New York City.
C) Simone,
D) Simone

훌훌 ι 섣쉰 1 섣ι 깥‘1
The wrlter wants to introduce one of the passage’s
important ideas. Which choice best accomplishes
this goal?
A) NOCHANGE
B) eyen though she hesitated at first. to take a
prominent role.
C) although her early musical work was in jazz and
cabaret.
D) an unsurprising tum of events for such å
talented singer.

March QAS 3/10/18

‘ ‘ “
Unauthortzed copylng or reu e of any part of thl pagel Uega1. 22 l를I표표표R훌.
 Simone’ s friend. the dramatist Lorraine Hansberry. 삐훌!
had recently brought national attention to racial A) NOCHANGE
inequality through her play A Raisin in the Sun. B) Regardless.
C) On the contrary.
Hansberry was passionate about inspiring her feUow
D) DELETE the underlined portion and capitalize
따디sts to be more outspoken in support of d찌1 rights. the next word.
뼈쁘뾰딱 she pointedly asked Simone 빼쁘한쁘§
was doing for the movement while its most visible leader 빼-

sat in a ia피 ceU. Althou뱅 Simone was an avid supporter. A) NOCHANGE

B) Wàs shedoing anything for the movement while
she said she did not see herself in a leadership role. its most visible leader sat in a jail ceU.
Simone’s unease about playing a more vocal 뼈
p art in C) whether she was doing anything for the
movement while its most visible leader sat in a
따
th
뼈
h 야mov
e ，앤
젠m
e 쩨e
jail ceU?
about mixing po이1i피tic야s with po매P띠a하r music. She thought D) what she was doing for the movement while its
most visible leader sat in a j없1 ceU?
that a three-minute song was too brief to adequately
cor뼈 a nuanced political message. 빼 Moreover. it
빠톨
seemed to her that popular music. tvP icallv intended for
A) NOCHANGE
li빼t entertainment. did not provide the dignitv the
B) are
sublect matter deserved She feared that noble ideals C) have been
would be cheapened if expressed to the tune of a pop D) was
song. Hansberry. however. urged her to reconsider.
댈.-----_ .. --..... -;끼
The writer is considering deleting the underlined
sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A) Kept. because it elaborates on a key term that is
used in the paragraph.
B) Kept. because it adds an additional detail that
supports the main point of the paragraph.
C) Deleted. because it distracts from the paragraph’s
discussion by introducing irrelevant
inf“
ormatio
아n.
D) Deleted. because it merely repeats information
that is found ear1ier in the passage.

March QAS 3/10/18

‘
Unauthortzed ∞pylng or reuse of any part of thl pagel ‘ 川egal. 23 I흩I표교표믿훌.

、
 Onlya fc ‘v months aflcr King's nrrcsl , Ihc bncμash 빼
against civil rights activìsls inlensificd. News of violcnt Which choice mosl effectively combines Ihe
sentences at the underlined portion?
acls carried out against civil rights demonstrators and

cvcn bystandcrs shockcd thc public. T h c 빼 cvc nts

‘
A) cvcnls S。 lismayed Slmonc Ihal in 196 rJ she
wrote and performcd
dismayed Sîmone. In 1964 she wrote and oerformedher B) evcnls dismayed Simonei in 1964 Simone wrote
and performed
fìrst protest song to express her anguìsh. Other such
c) events, 10 her dismay. causcd hcr in 1964 to wrìtc
songs followcd. Simonc decided that Hansbcrry had bccn and pcrform
0) evcnls , dismaying hcr, causcd hcr in 1964 to
right-the stage and thc airwaves ι。u l d be used to
writc and pcrform
promote the slruggle for civil ri야ts and 빼띤ve
dcnounccd discrimination and violcnce
빼
In 1965 , allhe age of34 , Hansberry dicd. In 1970 , A) NOCHANGE
Sl monc composcd 3 poli lical 3nthcm and named it after a B) dcnouncc

play based on Hansbcrry’ swork “ To Be Youn g, Giftcd , ‘

c) lenouncing
0) will dcnounce
and Black π The song was a heartfelt trîbutc 10 the arlist
and activist 、vho had inspired Simonc’ s own political
I훌
dcvclop ll1 ent 훨
The writcr wanlS a condusion that emphasizes how
Simonc soughlto motivatc mcmbcrs ofhcr audìcncc
‘
10 takc political action of hcir own. Which choice
‘
bes accomplishes this goal?
A) For Simonc , the meaning of thc song was morc
imporlant Ihan Ihc melody or Ihe complcxìly of
the Iyrics-she just wantcd 10 reach people 、vìth
hcr message
B) In a fìlti ng turn , Simonc cncouraged listeners t。
recognize their abilìtics and dedicate them 10 the
cause of civil righls, jusl as Hansberry had donc
for her
C) Simonc evcntually Icft thc Unìted Stalcs, bul she
continued 10 produce music thal made hcr a
worldwidc phenomcnon
0) Simone was invited 10 New York Ciηin 1971 to
receive a commendation from the Congress of
Radal Equality for hcr Jn usical work

March OAS 3/10118

Unautho꺼，，，ó ‘。pylng 01 'e\lJ.e ‘ ‘,. “川앤".

ol .n~ 어끼。’” P 24 뭔따IIUi' •
 훌훌
Math Test - No Calculator
25 MINUTES , 20 QUESTIONS

Turn to Sectlon 3 0' your answer sheet to answer the questlons ’nthlsse야lon.

l ，)1 11 톨• • IIJ~ ‘:w

For questlons 1-15, 5이ve each problem, choose the best answer from the cholces
provided, and 꺼11 in the correspondlng circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,
solve the problem and enter your answer In the grld on the answer sheet. Please refer to
the dlrectlons before questlon 16 on how to enter your answers In the grld. You may use
any available space In your test booklet for scratch work.

I흩뭘톨
1. 꺼le use of a calculator Is not permltted.
2. 계 1 variables and expresslons used represent real numbers unless otherwise indlcated.
3. ~igures provided in this test are drawn to scale u메ess otherwise indicated.
4. AII flgures lI e in a plane unless òtherwlse Jndlcated.
5. Unless otherwise Jndicated,the domalnof agiven function f is the set of all real numbers x for
whlch f(x) Is a reaJ number.
·1111 톨톨 11 톨’ 1_.

책뇨 b~ 짧f펠x s펀확
e
〔굉 亡그w
a x ..J3 s
A =rrr2 A=iw A=~bh
2
, 2 =a2 + b2 Special Right ’Ii"iang1es
c= 21rr

즘갱h 텅h C형
V= 쓰1rr 3
깅싫 e
V=iwh V=rrr 2h V= J.πr2h V=ì lwh
3 3
까le number of degrees of arc Jn a clrcle Js 360.
The number of radians of arc in a clrcle is m.
Th e sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

March QAS 3/10/18

‘
Unauthortzed ∞pylng orreu e of any part of thls page Is 川egal. 34 I를mI삐표믿훌.
(폴 훌훌 픔
‘",,:''''.“ “ ‘ .•“ ‘ ’ ’ ..,..-..........
."::;5~EWj'~"F2t: 를l
, ,. ,- .-~. -.:.~' -;.:".::"' ‘ι ? ι ι
,.,",' 、、 ν ‘ ι ‘ 、- 、 .- :'::::.\'~: 、 ‘、、
ι ~ • 、、
、
~;-'， .. "
、
‘
ι ε 7 ν 、 >
ι ‘

2
y What is the sum of (3x S + 4x + 8) and
2
o / (12x 3 - 2x + 6) ?
、 /
/
、
t
A) 15x8 + 2x2 + 14
J
、 ...V 5 ......3 .....2
B) 3x"' + 12x"' + 2x- + 14
、 7
、A
~
c) 3x
S
+ 12x 3 + 6x 2 + 14
/ 、o 5 ......3 ......2
x D) 3x"'+ 12x"'+4x"'-2x+ 14

~t 、 2- ~4- I-(i- 1- 6-
-8- >=,

/ 、
/ 、
J 44
/ 、
‘-
J ~
/ 、
/ 8

깐le 파les in the xy-plane above are the graphs of two

linear equations. What is the solution (x ,y) to the
system formed by the equations?
A) (-2, 4)
B) (-1 , 2)
C) (0，이

D) (0, 4)

흩톨’ ι →~. -~ ’ -

A checkers enthusiast is customizing a checkers set

by painting a design on each of the 24 checkers in the
sel It takes the enthusiast 35 minutes to paint the
design on each checker. If c of the checkers are
a1ready painted, which of the following represents
the number of additiòn a1 minutes needed to finish
painting the set of checkers?
A) 24(35 - c)
B) 24( fÇ - 35)
C) 35(24 -c)
D) 35(c-24)
March QAS 3/10/18

Ur뻐rt뼈rID써 ~ng or lI!USe of any part of thls page Is 씨앵a’- 35 lm표삐표R훌.

 훌훌 훌 1:
률I l흩
y What are the slope and they-intercept ofthe 망aph
in the 챙-plane of the equation Sx .+ 4y + 3 =0 ?

A) The slope is -한nd they-b따pt is 싸3)

B) ’The slope is -환nd they-intercept is (o, 3)

C) The slope is 응 and the y-inter，야Pt is (0, -3)
x
0) The slope is 응 and the y-intercept is (0
e
Line e is shown in the 쩨-plane above. Line m (not
sho빼) is par허lel to line e and p잃ses through the “
-
-

point (0, 3). Which ofthe following is an equation of

line m ?
.률
---- + 243
서

V/ j’

ix-2=3-x
3
메

V/
2
• + j’ What value of x satisfies the equa디on above?

----+ ’
2-3
3
디

V/ J A)

3
이

V/
2
• + J’ B) 4

C) 5

20
D) -5

Mar앙1 QAS 3110/18

Unauthorlzed copylng or reU50 of any part of thls page 15111egal. 36 I를.n .. UIIJ훌.
 휠 3
,,-••

흩 ’ 률li줬?’쉰찌~'gLli.(?:，핀 • ‘
‘
(2x-l)(x+ ~)2 =0 x-l x+ 1
3 2
What is the solution set to the equ뼈ònabove?
--2 What is the solution to the equation shown?
차

t--
1
쩌

‘-- A) -5
4

B) -2
t 1 1
가
밍

----
-2
, c) 0
j

r --2 D) l
、

J
디

l
‘
,‘
l J
-
--
r 1 1
가
미

----
’ 4
-2 j

룰IP}]\ :;:;).;-.]끼뭔꽉쉰， 낀，，; . .

P(x) =x 2 -llx+ k
In the function above. k is a constant. If2 is a zero of
the function. what is the value of k ?
훌. A) -18
(3 + 4i) - (2 + 3i) B) -2
In the complex number 원stem， which of the C) 3
following is equi뼈lent to the expression above?
D) 18
(Note: i =.J각)
A) 0
B) 1 + i
C) -1- i
D) -5 -7i

March QAS 3/10/18

Unauthorlzed ∞pylngorre빠eofanypart 이 thl‘ pagelsl싸9 al • 37 l휠E필표m훌.

 3 훌훌 첼

빼 “< 톨li1;;
2 1
3x"
2 ..... __ 2
6x .P(t) =60(3)2
Which of the following expressions is equi뼈lent to The number of microscopic organi!lms in a petri dish
the expression above for x > 0 ? grows exponentially with time. The function P above
models the number of organisms after growing for
t days in the p앙ri dish. Based on the function. which
A) -수 of the following statements is true?
2x‘
A) The predicted number of organisms in the dish
B} triples every two days.
B) The predicted mirnber of organisms in the dish
C) doubles every three days.
C) The predicted number of organisms in the dish
triples every day.
D) 42x ‘
0) The predicted nurnber of organisms in the dish
doubles every day.

I톨
x-2 1 1
--=-+--
x-3 x x-3
What is the solution set of the equation above?
A} {l}
B} {O.3}
c) {1.2}
D} {l .3}

March OAS 3/10/18

Unauthorlzed copylng or reuse of any part of thls Pð ge Is lIIega’- 38 I훌E먼

I; 똥 훌훌 3
빼i 훌훌1

In the η-plane. the graph of the equation y =9x - 8

Which of the following expressions is equivalent
intersects the graph of the equation y = X2 at two 2
points. What is the sum of the x-coordinates of the to (_4x3) 3 ?
two points?
A) -싫.썩
A) -9
B) _x 3 • 힘E
B) -7
C) 2x 2 • v2
c) 7
0) 2x 2 • 힘E
0) 9

March QAS 3/10/18

Unauthorlzed ∞pylng or rouse of any part of thls page Is lII egal. 39 I를I표표표I훌.
톨젠 顧j 짜 1:
Math Test - Calculator
55 MINUTES , 38 QUESTIONS

Tum to Sectlon 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questlons In thls 앓야lon •

••1I11 1l• • 1t“‘111

For questlons 1-3α S이ve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and flllln the correspondlng clrcle on your answer sheet For questlons 31-38,
solve the pr'야기em and enter your answer In the grld on the answer sheet. Please refer to
the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

빼렐뀔
1. The use of a calculator 15 permltted.
2. AII variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwlse indicated
3. Figures provided in thls test are drawn to scale u메ess otherwise In비cated.
4. AII flgures lIe in a plane unless otherwise indlcated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated,the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
which f(x) is a real number.

l111톨되 11111111’‘_.

〔굉 E그w 짧\ b료
2x/송00 1
./
/'300
1%
버
s魔
x펴
2 __2.L2
A =trr2 A=lw c.=a.+v Speci뼈 Ri방lt ’fri뼈빙les
A
싫랜

c= 2m'

ε크잖h 텅h 핫꼴 e
V=iwh V=~h V= 함3 V=5e빼
까le number of degrees of arc In a clrcle is 360.
까1e number of radians of arc in a clrcle is 2Jr.
까le sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a trlangle is 180.

March QAS 3/10/18

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 갖I 覺; 헬l
.헐 γ r ι

(3x+2 )t2x +3)

Wh ich of the foUowing is equivalent to the
expression above?
2
A) 3x + 10x+5

B) 5x 2 + 13x + 5
C) '6x 2 + 13x+6 ι. Based on the table above, what fraction of the flights
for Airline A were delayed.?
D) 6x 2 +15x+9
700
A) :::.
1,850

B)

861_
C) ___
2,890
률E램쉰;줬:끼;
2.029
I(x) =2x -ll D) :' __ _
2,890
The function 1 is de~ned above. What is the value of
1(-2) ?
A) -15
B) -7
c) 15
D) 30 톨1:i ..~'~.;T:~~;-":~'/)!>';:{~;'Y;0.:~~，
'，~ . /ι ‘끼 、 (:l'!:CX.~' :':g:àji.~~;)!X~g?fa~;:~ZITNI(0P~m:{0~깡*깐깐?‘
낀，~{{i:'(";U，샤i‘ ，;:iI꽉ι21; 상 ι :，:iJH1X;I[I/i0찮，~Di2i션‘ι

Ap이itica1 scientist wants to predict how the

residents ofNew Jerseywill react to a new bill
proposed in the state senate. Which of the foUowing
study designs is most likely to pro찌de reliable results
for the poUtica1 scientist?
A) M외바19 a questionn따re to ea야1 of 200 randomly
selected residents ofNew Jersey
B) Surveying a group of 300 randomly sele야edNew
Jersey residents
C) Interviewing a group of students randomly
selected from a large public university in New
Jersey
D) Surveying a group of 1,500 randomly selected US
residents

Marcb QAS 3/10/18

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Ur애uthorlzed copylng or reuse of any part of thls page I lIIegal. 43 l를파표쿄표R훌.
톨흙 ;顧j 헬jl;

톨훌‘넌;γ‘‘ I흩IUKUi，’-“ ‘、‘끼ι 낀끽J기딩년j

,,,

If the ratio of 0.5 : x is equivalent to 1.5 : 2.25. what is p ,= 2.000x

the value of x ? p= 500(2%)
A) 0.75 A website adminis야ator is considering using one of
B) 1.6875 the two models above to predict the total number of
c) 3 purchases. P. made x weeks after the website’s
advertising campaign b앵ins. How many more
0) 3.25 purchases are pre바다ed by the exponential model
than by the linear model 5 weeks after the advertising
때mpaign b뺑ns?

A) 6.000
B) 8.000
C) 10,000

률lPε ‘ .- 8ax-4 =24

0) 16,000
‘’
i

Based on the equation above. what is the value /

of2ax- 1 ?
、 ’

A) 3 ·‘’ ‘
‘ ‘
B) 6
c) 8
0) 12

March QAS 3/10/18

Unauthorlzed copylng or reu잊 0' ony part 0' thls page Is IIIegal. 44 l를.n.'I~1I1훌.
 4 展 4
,
Questions 8-10 refer to the following information.

The Conowingo Rcscrvoir had an original storagc

capadty of300.000 acrc- fcet at thc cnd of 1928. thc ycar
in which it was built. Starting in 1929. sediment carried
downstrcam by the Susquehanna Ri ver c이 lected in the
reservoir and bcgan reducing the rescrvoir’ s storage
capacity at the approximatc rate of 1.700 acre-feet
pcr year

I톨
Which ofthe following could bc a grnph ofthc reservoir’ s capaclly c.
in acre-feet. as a function oftimc t. in years‘ aftcr 1928?

A) B)
갇

(E

a
u @}
i
ν」

a u
Q g
)

Time (years)

c) 0)

‘-
=엉

= ‘닙
G

D m
What was the approximate storagc capacity. in
acre-fcet. of the reservoi r at thc end of 1993?
’
Ifthe reseπoir‘ s capacity t years after 928 ‘'"'
betwecn 290.000 and 292.000 acre-feet. which ofthe
시 미 디 끼

fo llowing must bc truc?

300 ,000
189.500 A) 1 < 2

175.000 B) 2<t<4

159 ,500 c) 4<t<6

D} 6 < t < 8

‘
March OAS 3110/18

U"ll Ulho<l~ed ‘。 pylng O' r~‘j~ohny 야’! 이 1씨’ 이ge Is …~~I. 45 톨파11:111.
1.4 顧; 쐐i
i

v
‘
‘
t
•

υ
m I흩; ‘
,: ,'
/

Total Fat and Die떠ry ’ Wh ich of the f바lowing is a solution tothe 여uation
Cholesterol of 없ndwiches ‘-
피탑 x+2=x?
85
1. -2
80
11. 1
πμ
(@얘

m ~ 111. 5
i--""
)딩
혀

i--"" A) Ionly
i--""
i

i--""
i애i。

i--"" B) II only
·F

i--""
~
60 야 c) III only
i--"" i---"
55 D) IandIII
50
45
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
Dietary cholesterol (mg)

The scatterplot above shows the relationship

between the amount of dietary cholesterol, in
milligrams (mg) , and the amount of total fat, in
grams (g) , in the 12 sandwiches 0많red by a certain
restaurant. The line ofbest fit predicts the amount of .
total fat a sandwich has based on the amount of ‘
dietary ch이esterol in the sandwich. How many ‘
’
grams of total fat are in the sandwich for which this
prediction is the most accurate?
찌 m밍 디 미

140
115
85
’
60

March QAS 3/10/18

‘
Unauthorlzed copylng or reuse of an)' parl of Ihl pagels 川egal. 46 톨를i표표표믿를
(4 睡j
41
삐톨 ’、 빠톨 1 ι- ，

Fragrance Oil Price If2x+ 3 =x- 4, what is the value of x+ 8 ?

제 m찌 디
”•
$1.400
원 $1 ,200 -1
걷 $1.000
닙 、 $800 m 7l
업 $600
필 $400
$200
$0
얘 @ 앤~ ...~ ..."，Ii::)、~ ...~ ...tt,Ii::)",1i::)1i::)
‘ ",Ii::)

Weight of order (pounds)

’The graph above shows the price that chemical a
company charges for an order of fragrance oil, I톨 ;
depending on the weight of the order. Based on the A group of 10 students played a certain game. Every
graph. which of the fol1owing statements must be player received a score equal to an integer from 1 to
true? 10, inc1usive. For the 10 players, the mean score
A) The company charges more per pound for was 4. If more than half of the players received a
orders greater than 100 pounds than for orders score greater than 5, which of the foUowing is true
l양s than 100 pounds. about the mean score of the remaining players?
B) The company charges less per pound for orders A) It must be less than 4.
greater than 100 pounds than for orders less than B) It must be equal to 4.
100pounds.
C) It must be between 4 and 5.
c) πle company charges less per pound for orders
greater than J ,OOO pounds than for orders less D) It must be greater than 5.
than 1.000 pounds.
D) The company charges the same p꺼ce per pound.
regar배앓 of order size.

March QAS 3/10/18

Unauthorlzed COI얘rtngorre뼈훌 of any P4It of thls PlIge Is IIlcgal, 47 톨럴E웰E뼈흩톨

14 展 41
m I톨
뉴---x-‘ A sample of 600 ’‘ ioth graders was selected at
random and askcd how muιh timc they spend on
, homework each day. Orthe ninlh graders sclected ,
220 spend lcss than 2 hours on homework each day
‘
Ifthc conclusion vas d rawn that “ approximately
1. 35 m il1 ion ninth graders spend less than 2 hours on

21 1 lù ‘
homewor cach day," which ofthe following is
dosest to thc pop비 ation ， in m iJ1 ions, of ninth
graders?
A) 0.495
, B) 1.3 5
C) 3.68
D) 5.84
Tbc fìgure above rcpresents a rectangular painting
with a fram e that is 2 inches wide. Thc exprcssion
2x 2 _ (x - 4)( 2x - 4) represents the area ofthe
frame , in square inches. What does tltc quantity
(x - 4)( 2x - 4) in the cxprcssion repr잉enl ’
A) The width ofthe painting, in inches
빼
ß ) The height ofthe frame , in inches
y =- 2
c) ’I'he area , in squarc inches, ofthe ioocr reclangle
y+ ll = X2
D) Thc combi ncd a rC3‘ in squarc inches. OfÙ1C
frame and painting Jf (x， 이 ) and (X2'Y2) are solutions to the system of
cquations abovι whal are the values of 지 and x2 ?

A) -피τand /ï3
ß) -.JlI ,nd .Jll
C) - 2 and 2
D) - 3 and 3
빼
f (x ) = x(x + 5)
“
rhe nction J is dcfìned abovc. Ifthc funclion
defincd by g(x) = f (x ) + 5 , what is thc valuc
g is

of g(3) ?
A) 8
ß) 15
C) 24
D) 29

March QAS 3/10/18

UfIiIU1 h.o<잉d ‘。p)llng “’~~이 .ny pa rl 이 '" ‘ pagels ….，.， 48 뭔따m명.

14 월 4I

ι
껴서，
;

π
”

끼?
흩빼，.，' ~ .~ •• ~
5?
, V
;
훌룰r.ι
? 끽: 、ι l' ........ '.:

ι
The energy pyr없nid below shows four trophic levels
in an ecosystem and the direction of energy transfer
~작
between those levels. whi야1 of the following is equivalent to the
expression above for all x > α where a and b are
positive integers?
넣』U gg

A) X ab
i만@김잉

a
B) x b
}。를。3u

b
-a
x
c)
잉쉽

prim하yproducers
D) x a - b
On average. 10% of the net energy of one trophic
level is transferred to the next trophic level in an
ecosystem. Based on the energy pyramid. if primary
producers have 5.000 jo띠es (J) of energy.
approximately how much of this energy. in 웰뜨ies.
is tr없lsferred to the secondary consumers in this
ecosystem? (l 혀lorie = 4.18 J)
A) 11.96 훌IC\?’짧'i;.;싶딘젠 판;慘‘--- .
B) 20.90 s
c) 119.6 펼 0.6
D) 209.0 갱 § o.5
옵 ‘ 0.4
용8. 0.3
ij 0.2
를 0.1
t
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (minutes)

The graph above models the speed. ι ofan

automobUe during the fìrst 5 minutes of travel
time. t. What was the total distance traveled from
t=ltot=4?
A) 0.5mUe
B) 1.5 mUes
c) 2.0 miles
D) 2.5 miles

March QAS 3/10/18

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Ur뻐uthortzed copylng or reuse 0' any part 0' thl 49 I를I표m표R훌.
 혜i 睡j
웰I ‘ f

훌lJi:; ...i:C: 찌뜸찌찌찌틀 -찌i 、 훌lG “-

=9.8t
F~￥~
$

The equation above can be used to approximate the -

speed $, in meters per second (mls) , of an object

t seconds after being dropped into a free falL Which
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. ofthe following is the best interpretation ofthe
number 9.8 in this context? ‘

In the figure above, sin(900 - XO) = 12

~:. Wh at is the
13
A) The speed, in mls, of the 0비κt when it hits the
ground
value of sin XO ? B) The increase in speed, in m/s , of the object for
u each second after it is dropped
찌

-n C) The speed, in m/s, of the object t seconds after it

is dropped /

D) The ini뼈 speed, in mls, of the object when it is

B) 후 dropped
13
5

」
r
C)
-u ’
--

,
m n-u ‘
‘‘.,
t

it

훌톨"，
!
; ‘
A magazine article on video game habits in the ’
United States reported that in 2012 gamers spent an ;
/
average of 5.6 hours per week playing games. The l

article also reported the average for 2013 to be jI

‘

6.3 hours per week. Based on the article, how did the t

average number ofhours that gamers spent playing

games per week change from 2012 to 2013?
A) It decreased by 12.5%.
B) It increased by 7.0%.
C) It increased by 11.1 %.
D) It increased by 12.5%. r

V
서r

h뻐rch QAS 3/10/18

Unauthorl양d copylng or reuse of any part of thls page Is lIIegal. 50 I를I표mm훌.

14 빼 41
빼 훌
5x+y =a y=x 2 -6x -16
- 3x - 2y = 5
The graph ofthe cquation abovc in thc xy-pla nc is a
10 the system of equalions above, a is a consta nt parabola. W hich of thc following equivalent form s of
Whal is the y-value ofthe solution 10 the system in the equation indudes the x- 3nd y-coordinatcs of the
lerms of tl ? verlex as constanls?

-3a - 25 A) ,=(x- 3)'-25

시 -τ-

a- 1
ß) ,=x(x- 6)- 16
B) c) ,= x' - 2(3 x+ 8)

c)
7
211 + 5
D) ,+ 16=x(x - 6 )
7
IOa+ 5
D)
7

March QAS 3/10118

v.... uthortltd ‘."，‘’，~ ’“JSe oI .ny pa f1 of thk ~1l 1‘""‘1 51

원렐파략l’
 4 展 4
Questions 28 and 29 refer to the followlng
information
- llII
If T is Ihe med ian cornmule lime oflhe employees
who responded 10 Tia’ S survey and A is Ihe rnedian
comrnute time of the employees who responded t。
For a parlicular office buîld ing with 1,4 20 employees , Tia
and Amir each conducted a survey aboul the average Amir’s survey. whal is Ihe value of T - A ?

시 비
。 n e-wa )' commute times , in minules , between the 10
ernployees’ homc and office. 80th Tia and Ami r selected
employees at random , mailed oul surveys , and collected 8
Q
data frOIll the relurned surveys. For bOlh surveys,
respondenls were asked 10 report Iheir average commute m05
times 10 the nearest 5 minutes. Tia collected dala from
150 employees , and Amir collected data from
85 employees. The results from Tia's and Amir’ s returned
sun 'eys are summa rÎz.e d below
Tia’ s Survey Results

’
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
Average onc-way commule time
(minutes)

m AmÎr's Survey Results

갱

% 강
M
깅
au
g 。-

m
ιE ”」。

mm
ι

”
m

‘ u
S 12
E m
11
jZ 8
6
\0
-
10

4
2
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
‘
Average onc- vay com mute time (l11inutes)

March QAS 3/10118

Un.Il\Iw)，!zed ‘。pyfng '" ~~ of ~ny Po' f\ 이 1에‘Po'9~1$…얘" . S2

렐파m멸’
lii 꽉 를 않l
훌IL ‘
Which of the following box plots could represent y
Amir’s survey data?
A) f--{ }-카

10 20 30 40 50
Average one-way cornmute time
(minutes) x

B) •--c:::r::•--l In the xy-plane above, lines k and l are

perpendicular. What is the x-coordinate of point P ?
10 20 30 40 50
A) 5.25
Average one-way cornmute time
(minutes) B) 5.75
C) 6
C) H，----，-그---카 D) 6.25

10 20 30 40 50
Average one-way commute time
(뻐nutes)

D) H r:::=J-l

10 20 30 40 50
Average one-way commute time
(삐nutes)

j ‘

March OAS 3/10/18

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Unauthorl용d copyfng or reusu of any part 0' 야Ils pagul lIIega’- 53 I를.n •• luπ훌.