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Department of Education – Schools Division of Palawan

Research II – Grade 8
Contextualized Self-Learning Module
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Data Collection and Analysis:
Classifying Data & Establishing Patterns or Trends in the Data Collected
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

Schools Division Superintendent:
Roger F. Capa, CESO VI
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:
Rufino B. Foz
Arnaldo G. Ventura

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jonathan Rey A. Del Castillo
Editor: Marilyn D. Quinton
Management Team: Aurelia B. Marquez
Rosalyn C. Gadiano
Rodgie S. Demalinao

Printed in the Philippines, by ________________________

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region – Division of Palawan

Office Address: PEO Road, Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City

Telephone: (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address: palawan@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 Research II Lesson 1: Classifying Data &
Fourth Quarter
Week 1
Establishing Patterns or Trends in
the Data Collected
MELC : The learners should be able to:

 discuss the different methods in data collection, analysis, and

presentation; &
 state the advantages of an orderly arranged data.

Objectives: After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Identify the different forms of data and data presentation; &

2. State some patterns or trends in the data collected.

What I Know
Multiple Choice

Direction: Read the following questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. A café owner decided to calculate how much revenue he gained from lattes
each month. What type of variable would the amount of revenue gained
from lattes be?
A. Continuous B. Categorical C. Discrete D. Nominal
2. What do you call an image, perception or concept that is capable of
measurement?
A. Hypothesis B. Trends C. Variable D. Scale

3. Weight in kg is a ____________variable?
A. Continuous B. Discrete C. Nominal D. Ordinal

4. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

A. Trends B. Ratio C. Relationship D. Pattern
5. It refers to a collection of facts, like the count of program participants, and
put those counts from several programs together in one table or chart?
A. Trends using stats C. Trends using distribution
B. Trends using averages D. Trends using facts
 What is It

Generally, it is very hard to interpret data in its raw form – unorganized and
unordered data. Data in its raw form have little or no meaning at all. So, as the
investigator you should do something to make the gathered data meaningful.

CLASSIFYING DATA
It is a systematic grouping of units according to their common
characteristics. Some of its functions include: simplifies and makes data more
comprehensible, condense the data, brings out the points of similarity and
dissimilarity, comparison of characteristics, brings out the cause and effect
relationship and prepare data for tabulation. Data may be classified in different
ways as cited below:

A. Quantitative Data vs. Qualitative Data

Quantitative data – data gathered based on measurement or counting
like height of or counting like height of plant, weight of plant, number of seedlings
in a plot etc...
Qualitative data – data gathered using a non-standard scale or unequal
intervals scale or discrete categories like leaf condition categorized as healthy or
not healthy; color of leaves as green, dark green, light green or yellow green,
etc…
B. Continuous Data vs. Discontinuous/Discrete Data
Continuous data – data gathered through measurement like heights of
plants, weights of plants, flowering time, etc...
Discrete data – data gathered/obtained through counting like number of
leaves per plant, number of pods produced per plant, number of mangoes per
basket, number of seedlings in a plot, etc…

C. According to Scales of Measurement

Nominal data – data where objects are placed in discrete categories
which cannot be ranked in ascending or descending order like brand of
detergents, color of leaves, etc…
Ordinal data – data where objects are placed into categories that can be
ranked or ordered in an ascending or descending manner like condition of
leaves of plants categorized as healthy or not healthy.
Interval data – data collected using a scale with equal interval but no
absolute zero value like temperature in 0 C.
Ratio data – data collected using a scale of equal interval and an absolute
zero like height of plants, weights of plants, number of leaves per plant, etc…
ESTABLISHING PATTERNS OR TRENDS IN THE DATA COLLECTED

Identifying common data observation patterns or trends is a must skill in

data organization and interpretation. This will enable you to describe the
structure of the information and eventually analyze their relationships. Let us
unlock first some terms.
Trends – The general tendency of a series of data points to move in a certain
direction. Trends combine your facts and stats to reveal more sophisticated
patterns. You can explore the difference within a group (e.g., change in
knowledge before and after an intervention) or between groups (e.g., level of
satisfaction between two different programs).
Pattern – A series of data that repeats in a recognizable way.
Relationship – Any relationship between two or more variables showing that
when one variable changes so does the other.

Here are some of the most common data observation patterns and what
they mean.
1. Trends using facts: Take a collection of facts, like the count of program
participants, and put those counts from several programs together in one table
or chart.

Pattern spotted: Program 3 had the smallest number of participants.

2. Trends using stats: Take a collection of stats, like a collection of means or

distributions, and look at them together in a table or chart.
 2.1. Trends using averages: Calculate the average level of satisfaction with
each of the program sessions, where 1 is very unsatisfied and 5 is very satisfied.
Put those averages into a table and if you like, also create a bar chart to
compare them.
2.2. Trends using frequency: deals with the number of occurrences
(frequency) & analyzes measures of central tendency, dispersion & percentiles.

3. Trends using distribution: You can look at distribution trends to see

changes, like if satisfaction with a program changes from year to year. For each
year of the program, calculate the percentage of people who responded that
the program exceeded, met or did not meet expectations. Create a table with
those percentages, and a stacked bar graph to look at the difference visually.

Pattern spotted: The vast majority of respondents felt the program at least met
their expectations, and satisfaction was higher in Year 2 than in Year 1.

4. Differences between groups

One common method of looking for trends is by examining differences
between groups: For example, are teens who attend a private high school more
likely to choose a service gap year than teens who attend a public high school?

Although you have classified your data as quantitative or qualitative;

discrete or continuous; nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio, they do not say anything
yet or they do not have any meaning yet. Even so have found patterns or trends
still it is half-baked to be able to extract meaning from your data, you have to
organize or transform your raw data in to a more compact or organized way.
After you have organized and presented your data in a more compact form, you
are now ready to analyze, interpret and synthesize the relationships between and
among your data variables. In the succeeding modules you will be able to learn
it thoroughly. By now try to answer the activities that follow!
 What I Can Do

Activity 1. C'mon identify me Baby!

Direction: The table below displays a selection of variables from a study dataset.

Study the table below answer the guide questions that follow.

Guide Questions:

Q1. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as quantitative variable(s)?

Q2. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as qualitative variable(s)?

Q3. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as continuous variable(s)?

Q4. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as discrete variable(s)?

 What’s More

Activity 2. Presenting Discrete and Continuous Data

Direction: Match the best choice of graph for the data below. Provide your
explanation for your answer in each item below.

1. Chart to show a company’s profit over a number of years.

2. Chart to show favorite drink chosen by customers in a shopping center.
3. Chart to show the temperature on each day of the week.
4. Chart to show percentage of each sale of ticket type at a concert.

Reflective Questions:
1. What trends/patterns have you observed?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you say so? Provide evidences for your answer/s?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3. You Know!

Direction: Fill in the needed information in the KWL Chart below.

What I know about What I want to know What I learned about

Classifying Data & about Classifying Data & Classifying Data &
Establishing Patterns or Establishing Patterns or Establishing Patterns
Trends in the Data Trends in the Data or Trends in the Data
Collected Collected Collected

Assessment

Direction. Read the following statements carefully. For numbers 1-10 classify the
data according to the Scales of Measurement. For numbers 11-15, identify the
patterns or trends the statement is referring to.
_____ 1. The teacher records the height of each student.

_____ 2. The teacher records the eye color of each student.

_____ 3. The teacher records the letter grade for Science for each student.
_____ 4. Weight of butterfly caught at Tagbunsaing Lake.

_____ 5. List of popular video games.

_____ 6. Birth year of employees working in DC Empire.

_____ 7. A local animal shelter keeps track of the weights of dogs that come in.
_____ 8. Rey records the temperatures readings in degrees kelvin for the month.
_____ 9. A meteorologist compiles a list of temperatures in degrees Celsius for
the month of May.
_____ 10. A film critic lists the top 50 greatest movies of all time.

_____ 11. Refers to the collection of means or distributions, presented in a table.

_____ 12. Tests a group or groups to determine if there are differences.
_____ 13. Allows you to predict what might happen by comparison of the norm.

_____ 14. It focuses on the number of times the observation occurs in the data.
_____ 15. It circles around the idea on changes, like if satisfaction, collection
and analysis of data collected.

Answer Key

14. Trends using frequency 15. Trends using distribution 13. Trends using averages
11. Trends using stats 12. Differences between groups
10. Ordinal 6. Interval 7. Ratio 8. Interval 9. Interval
5. Nominal 1. Ratio 2. Nominal 3. Ordinal 4. Ratio
Assessment
What’s More & What I Have Learned: Students Answers may vary
Number of children
Q4. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as discrete variable(s)?
Age & height
Q3. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as continuous variable(s)?
Gender, Blood group, Feeling happy? Smoke & Social class
Q2. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as qualitative variable(s)?
Age, Height & Number of children
Q1. Which of the above variable(s) are classified as quantitative variable(s)?
Students Possible Answers
What I Can Do
5. D 4. B 3. A 2. C 1. A
What I Know

References
 Article title: **ESTABLISHING PATTERNS OR TRENDS IN THE DATA COLLECTED** BY DR.
ARTEMIO P. SEATRIZ MMSU-CTE LAOAG CITY. - ppt download
Website title: Slideplayer.com
URL: https://slideplayer.com/slide/262284/
 Author Coimbatore RVS Institute of Health Sciences
Article title: Classification of data, Website title: Slideshare.net
URL: https://www.slideshare.net/Sujarvs/classification-of-data-128792698
 Article title: Data Playbook, Website title: Schusterman.org
URL: https://www.schusterman.org/playbooks/data/making-meaning/find-patterns-
trends/
 Article title: Types of Data – Statistics, Website title: Med.soton.ac.uk
URL: https://www.med.soton.ac.uk/stats_eLearning/typesofdataquiz/index.html
 Website: LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT In-text: (Levels Of Measurement, 2021) Your
Bibliography: quizma.com. 2021. Levels Of Measurement. [online] Available at:
<https://quizzma.com/levels-of-measurement-quiz/> [Accessed 28 April 2021].
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