Introduction to Electrical Machines

Lecture-19 (20th May. 2021, 9 am - 9:45 am)

EEE1001 – Basics of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering
Dr. B Rajanarayan Prusty
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering

School of Electrical Engineering (SELECT)

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore
 Outline

• Rotating Electrical Machines

• Essentials of Rotating Electrical Machines
• Field and Armature Systems in DC Machines
• Electromechanical System/Device
• Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, Fleming's Rule

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 Moving Mechanism using Electromagnet
• Linear (or translational) motion and Rotational motion

• An air-gap is required between the static part and moving part

• There is no continuous energy conversion takes place in case of

translational motion.

• In case of rotational electrical machines continuous energy

conversion is required from mechanical to electrical or electrical
to mechanical.

• This process is called

“electromechanical energy conversion.”

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 Rotating Electrical Machines
• The energy conversion occurs from one form to the other through
a magnetic medium.
• The magnetic medium do not contribute towards any energy.
• The magnetic medium is generally an electromagnetic.
• Rotating electrical machines have two important systems namely,
(i) Field system and (ii) Armature system.
• In general, field system is stationary and armature system is
rotating in case of DC machines. Whereas, field system is rotating
and armature system is stationary in case of synchronous
machines.
• Rotating electrical machines are either a generator or a motor.
• In a generator, mechanical energy is converted into electrical
energy. Whereas a motor converts electrical energy to mechanical
energy.
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 Essentials of Rotating Electrical Machines

• Outer stationary part – Stator

• Inner rotating part – Rotor
• Bearings at each end mount the
rotor.

• Stator and rotor carry concentric cylindrical cores

– Made up of ferromagnetic material usually fabricated from laminated
steel sheets to provide optimum electric and magnetic characteristics.
• Clearance between the two cylindrical cores is called air-gap
– Coupling between electrical and mechanical systems is through the
electromagnetic field present in the air-gap.

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 Field and Armature Systems in DC Machines
• Field System
– Consists of permanent magnets or electromagnets which produces
uniform magnetic field.
– Consists of even number of salient poles (magnet pole that projects
toward the armature) bolted inside a circular frame called yoke.
– Field coils are mounted on the poles.

• Armature System
– Armature core supports armature conductors which rotates inside the field
poles.
– Armature consists of slotted soft-iron laminations (insulated from each
other by thin insulating material) for reducing eddy current loss.
– The armature winding is closed type and are either (i) Lap winding or (ii)
wave winding.
• Note: Field and armature systems are composed of high-permeability
materials (materials are more conductive to magnetic fields).
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 Continued…

In a lap winding, the last part of every coil is associated with the
nearby sector while in the wave winding the last part of
armature coil is associated with the commutator sector at a
distance apart.

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 Electromechanical System/Device
• It comprises of
– Electrical system
– Mechanical system
– Means whereby the above two systems can interact
• It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy or mechanical
energy into electrical energy.
• Magnetic field is used as the coupling medium between electrical
and mechanical systems.
• When the conversion takes place from electrical to mechanical
form, the device is called motor.
• When the mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy, the
device is called a generator.

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 Continued…
• Conversion of energy from electrical to mechanical form or from
mechanical to electrical form results from the following two
electromagnetic phenomena.
– When a conductor is allowed to move in a magnetic field, a voltage is
induced in the conductor. (Fleming’s right hand rule)
– When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a
mechanical force is experienced by the conductor. (Fleming’s left hand
rule)

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 Thank you

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