AIDE MEMOIRE fieldcraft

This unofficial aide memoire has been compiled to assist Cadets and Cadet NCOs in planning and delivering
lessons on a variety of military training subjects. It is also a useful aid to keep your knowledege up to date. It
is not a replacement to qualified instruction or official training manuals. Any information contained
within is given on good will. Please feel free to print and distribute this material throughout your Contingent or
Detachment.
Capt. Nick 02/2020

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ARD - All Round Defence PUP - Pick Up Point
AVPU - First aid, response levels RV - Rendevous
CLAP - Clear, Loud, As an order, with Pauses SAA - Skill at Arms
DOP - Drop Off Point SALTA - Situation reporting mnemonic
ERV - Emergency RV SITREP - Situation Report abbrevition
FRV - Final RV SOP - Standard Operating Procedure
FUP - Forming Up Point Stag - Another word for sentry
GMA - Grid Magnetic Angle TIBUA - Training in Built Up Areas
GR - Grid Reference TIWAF - Training in Woods and Forests
GRIT - Group, Range, Indication, Type of fire
HQ - Headquarters
ICP - Incident Control Point
METHANE - Casualty reporting
NSPs - Normal Safety Precautions
Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
Smock Bergan / Daysack Consider

- Watch - Sleeping bag A. Tools to maintain and use your rifle

- Notebook, pens, pencils
- Headtorch
- Small penknife or multitool
- Lighter
- Spoon
- Hat, Gloves
- Snacks (sweets, trail mix)
- Cam Cream
- Map, Compass (if issued)
Webbing
- Magazines and ammunition
- Rifle cleaning kit
- Boot cleaning kit
- Tent pegs
- 30m green cord
- Waterbottle/s
- Snacks, cold lunch
- Personal first aid kit
- Bivi bag B. Sufficient food and water
- Sleeping mat C. Equipment to do your job as a Cadet
- Basha / shelter sheet D. Wash kit to keep yourself clean
- Bungees / string / pegs E. Spare clothes, dry and warm
F. Comfort items
- Waterproofs
- Warm clothes Priorities
- Spare clothes
- Wash kit 1. Keeping your rifle maintained
2. Looking after your equipment
- Mess tins 3. Looking after yourself
- Cooker and fuel
- Warm rations Tips for an easy life in the field:
- Waterproof everything! Use sandwich
Luxury Items bags and bin liners as a cheap option.
- USB battery pack - If you’re not using something, pack it
- Extra food items back away so it doesn’t get lost.
- Gas cooker - If you don’t have a task, rest. You don’t
- Flask / insulated mug know when you’ll next get a chance.

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

 SKETCH MAP WARNING ORDER
Situation Ground

Enemy

Friendly Forces

Probable Mission

Own Main Effort

Timings H-Hour

No Move Before

Other

O-Group Location

Time

Combat Service
Support
Changes to SOPs

Medical

Other

Acknowledge 1 Sect. 2 Sect. 3 Sect. Pl. Sgt.

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

RANGE CARD
Leg
Start Date

Start Time

Grid
Start Grid Ref.

Departure
ROUTE CARD

Description
Grid

400m 300m 200m 100m X 100m 200m 300m 400m

Destination

Description
Finish Date

Finish Time

Finish Grid Ref.

Grid
Bearing

Magnetic

Produced by Date

Grid Reference at centre GR

Method of taking ranges

Distance

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

SECTION ORBAT PLATOON AMMO STATE
1 Section 2 Section 3 Section Time Pl. HQ 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section TOTAL
Sect. Cdr.

2IC

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

SECTION WEAPON DETAILS RE-ORG CHECKLIST PRIOR TO STAND-TO CHECKLIST

Name Rank Butt No. Serial No. Allocate arcs Weapons cleaned
Post and brief sentries Check ammo state
Bring in flanking sections Sentry list (stags know their times)
Check casualties Range cards complete
Check ammo state Order for open fire
Redistribute ammo Communications tested
Find Cover Harbour track plan checked
Search / send back prisoners Signal for stand To / ctand down
Draw sketch map of captured area Camoflague checked
Report to Pl. Cdr. for orders

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

PATROL REPORT SECTION SENTRY LIST (Day) 1 / 2 / 3 Section
Patrol Destination Time Name Time Name
Map References

Aim of Patrol Task

Size of Patrol

Time of Departure Time of Return

Route (Outward) Route (Return)

Terrain

Enemy Forces

Condition of Patrol

Conclusions and Recommendations

Date Signed

Date Signed

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

CONTACT REPORT (SALTA / WALTA) SECTION SENTRY LIST (Night) 1 / 2 / 3 Section

Hello Zero. This is (Callsign). CONTACT. Wait, Out.
Time Name Name

Strength of EN 2100 - 2130

S
W Who is involved? 2130 - 2200

Enemy Activity What happened? 2200 - 2230

A
2230 - 2300

Location Enemy (GR) 2300 - 2330

L
Friendly (GR) 2330 - 2359

2359 - 0030
Time Time of contact
T
0030 - 0100
Action of Fire Fight What have you done?
A 0100 - 0130
What will you do?
0130 - 0200

What assistance do you require? Quick Reaction Force (QRF) 0200 - 0230
Medevac
Vehicle recovery 0230 - 0300

0300 - 0330
Incident Control Point (ICP ) Grid Reference / Description
Location
0330 - 0400

0400 - 0430
ICP Safe Route
0430 - 0500

0500 - 0530
Enemy STRENGTH, Enemy ACTIVITY, LOCATIONS, TIME of sighting, Friendly
ACTION 0530 - 0600

0600 - 0630

Compiled by Capt. Nick Night time double sentry for 1 hour, change every 30 mins Compiled by Capt. Nick
 LOGGING & REPORTING SITUATION REPORT (SITREP)

DESCRIBING INDIVIDUALS (ABCDEFGH S) When?

Age Attempt to bracket by 2 years (26 - 28)

Build Tall, short, fat, stocky, skinny

Where?
Clothing Start at head and work down

Distinguishing Scars, tattoos, burns, facial hair

Features
What?
Elevation Height

Face Long, thin, high cheek bones, spots

Gait How do they walk? Limping?

What is it doing?
Hair Colour, thickness, style, balding, sideburns

Sex Male / Female

What are you doing

DESCRIBING VEHICLES (SCRIM) about it?

Shape Saloon, pick-up, 4x4, van, lorry

Colour
Example
Registration “Zero, this is (Callsign). Message, over“

Identifying Writing, signs, spoilers, trim, contents, antennae “(Callsign) this is Zero. Send, over.”
Features “SITREP as at 1030 hrs. Grid Ref 111 222. Enemy vehicle. Travelling north
towards village. Observing. Over”
Make Model is known
“(Callsign) Roger, out.”

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

BATTLEFIELD CASUALTY DRILLS

CASUALTY REPORT (METHANE)
Under fire? On the radio:
No Major Incident
Declare or standby
Win the FIRE FIGHT Send initial SITREP
- Number of Casualties
If access to Casualty possible: - Grid Reference
Tourniquet for severe bleeding
Roll unconscious casualty face down Send final casualty report Exact Location
and head to one side (airway / drainage) - METHANE

FIRE FIGHT WON

Control the Situation
Type of Incident
Triage (Prioritise casualties)
ASSESS
Safety: Self, casualty, weapons.
T1 Life threatening conditions
Casualties: How many? How bad?
- Unresponsive
- Breathing dififculties
COMMUNICATE Hazards
- Severe external bleeding
Send SITREP Known or possible
- Signs of internal bleeding
T2 Walking Casualties
TRIAGE
T3 Other Casualties
Multiple Casualties
Access
Safe routes in & out
Walking? Y T3

Breathing? N Airway / Breathing N Start CPR Number of Casualties

How many and their level of
injuries
Y Y Recovery Position T1

Catastrophic Limb Bleeding Apply Tourniquet T1

Emergency Services
Breathing Rate Under 10 or over 30/min T1 What is present and what is
required?
Between 10-30/min

Pulse Rate Unconscious or over 120/min T1

Under 120/min T2 Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick
QUICK BATTLE ORDERS HASTY ATTACK ORDERS
1. Task Organisation
1. Mission
(Any alterations to the section / platoon organisation?)
a. Destroy ____________ in order to _________________
2. Situation
Enemy Forces
2. Factors
a. Enemy - Strength, weapons, locations, positions, arcs, tactics.
b. Ground
Ground

c. Surprise / Time - Smoke, fire support, H-hour (Longer time = more ammo)
Friendly Forces

Mission 3. Courses of Action

Your mission is to ... in order to ... (repeat) Left Centre Right

3. Execution Advantages

Route to FUP
Disadvantages

Order of March
4. Decision (PLAN)

Assault Tasks (Specific roles of each fireteam or section)

1 Section 5. Quick Battle Orders (QBOs)
a. Section Mission

2 Section b. Concept of Operations

c. Fire Team and Task

3 Section

Details of Fire and Movement

Limit of Exploitation

QUESTIONS?
H-Hour

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

CALLSIGN MATRIX NOTES

0 (Zero) Control
0A Commanding Officer (CO)
83B RQMS 85A Trg Offr
1 Company (Coy) 2 Company (Coy)
10 Control 20 Control
10A 1 Coy Comd 20A 2 Coy Comd
10B 2IC 20B 2IC
10C CSM 20C CSM
1 Coy 1 Platoon 1 Coy 2 Platoon
11 Pl HQ 12 Pl HQ
11A Pl Comd 12A Pl Comd
11B Pl Sgt 12B Pl Sgt
11C 1 Sect Comd 12C 1 Sect Comd
11D 1 Sect 2IC 12D 2 Sect 2IC
11E 2 Sect Comd 12E 2 Sect Comd
11F 2 Sect 2IC 12F 2 Sect 2IC
11G 3 Sect Comd 12G 3 Sect Comd
11H 3 Sect 2IC 12H 3 Sect 2IC
1 Coy Support Callsigns
16 Medical Sect 17G Recovery
16A Medic 18A CQMS
16B Medic 18E Stores
19A Coy Ops Offr 18G Ammo

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

 5. Execution
AMBUSH ORDERS
1. Task Organisation General Outline

Composition of Patrol / Appointments / Equipment

2. Ground

General

Detail Phase 1: Preparatory Moves

Time of leaving rehearsal / patrol base

Method of move
3. Situation
Route to and location of DOP
Enemy Forces
Arcs of observation / fire
Strength
Order of March
PatrolActivity
Actions if ambushed
Obstacles
Action in DOP

Time of departure from DOP

Friendly Forces

Platoon Plan
Phase 2: Route Out
Own Positions
Route
Other Patrols

Obstacles

Action at Halt
4. Mission
Action at RVs
Your mission is to ... in order to ... (repeat)

Ambush Orders 1 of 6 Ambush Orders 2 of 6

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

Action at FRV Phase 4: Occupation of Ambush

Action on being contacted Order of March

Action on Obstacles Method of Entry

Action on light Fire positions

Action on Casualties Siting and Laying of Obstacles / Trip Flares / Warning Devices

Action on separated Laying comms cord

Action on ………. Signal for Ambush Set

Time Ambush Set

Phase 5: Action on Approach of Enemy

Warning signals from cut-offs

Phase 3: Action at FRV Signal to fire / cease firing
Method of entry Flares / Light
Positions and arcs of fire Actions of cut-off groups
Sentries Search Party composition / procedure
Work Routine Action if located by enemy before ambush sprung
Comms Action if attacked
Admin Action on approach of civilians
Action if surprised

Final RECCE ambush area Phase 6: Withdrawl

Action if RECCE fails to return Signal to move out

Order of March

Position of RV

Action if followed by Enemy

Ambush Orders 3 of 6 Compiled by Capt. Nick Ambush Orders 4 of 6 Compiled by Capt. Nick
Phase 7: Route Back 6. Service Support

Route Ammo / Weapons

Dress and Equipment

Rations
Action at Halt
Medical
Action at RVs
Special Equipment
Action at PUP

Action on being contacted

7. Command and Signal
Action on Obstacles
Chain of command:
Action on light (a) Patrol Commander
(b) 2IC
Action on Casualties (c) ……………………………… (In event of above becoming Cas.)

Action on separated Hand Signals

Actions on ….. Signal for Opening Fire

Use of Radio and Restrictions

Time In Password

Debrief / Patrol Report

Coordinating Instructions 8. Questions

Timings: 9. Synchronise watches

(a) Meals
(b) Rest
(c) Rehearsals
(d) Inspection
(e) Time Out
(f) Time In
(g) Debrief

Ambush Orders 5 of 6 Compiled by Capt. Nick Ambush Orders 6 of 6 Compiled by Capt. Nick

SEQUENCE FOR MOUNTING A PATROL NOTES FORMAL ORDERS HEADINGS NOTES

1. Issue Warning Order to Section 1. PRELIMS a. Seating Plan c. Model Description e. Actions On
b. Map Folds d. Weather & Light Into
2. RECCE
a. Previous Patrol Reports 2. TASK ORG 1 Section - Assault / 2 Section - Fire Support / 3 Sect ...
b. Consider weather conditions / moon / sun state
c. Routes in and out / landmarks / dead ground / obstacles / en. pstns. 3. GROUND a. General
b. Detail

4. SITUATION a. Enemy Forces

3. Formulate a Plan
b. Friendly Forces
a. Draw sketch map
c. Attachments and Detachments
b. Make model
c. Prepare Orders
d. RV with patrol at location and time given in Warning Orders 5. MISSION Your mission is to ... in order to ... (repeat)
6. EXECUTION
a. Concept of Operations (overall story) c. Coordinating Instructions
4. Issue Orders
i. Commanders Intent (what) i. Instructions
5. Rehearsals ii. Scheme of Manoeuvre (how) ii. Timings
a. Route out and in iii. Main Effort (where) iii. Actions On
b. Patrol formations b. Mission Statements iv. Fire Support Plan
c. Use of Scouts i. 1 Section Mission v. Summary of Execution
d. Movements by individual members in the patrol ii. 2 Section Mission
e. Actions on Objective / FRV
f. Actions on Light - Withdraw from open / hold position / close 1 eye
g. Action on Enemy contact - Scatter and withdraw to previous RV
h. Action on Obstacles - Halt / RECCE Obs / cross / avoid 7. SERVICE SUPPORT e. Rations and Water
i. Actions on casualty - Possible collect Cas. on return route a. Dress f. Medical
b. Equipment g. Prisoners
c. Weapons h. Transport
d. Ammunition

6. Inspection
8. COMMAND and SIGNAL c. Signals
a. Dress and equipment / silent / no important documents
a. Command Structure i. Frequencies
b. Alternative Command ii. Codewords
7. Conduct Patrol iii. Callsigns
a. Navigation - Maps and Photos / Landmarks / Avoid obvious cover iv. Passwords
b. Fire Support - En. Distraction / Support the Objective / Cover

Questions? Synchronise Watches

8. Debrief on Return
a. Verbal report followed by written Patrol Report.
1. DO make them Clear, Concise, Simple
2. DO give all subordinates an understanding of your intentions
3. DO integrate all subordinates into a coordinated action
4. DO allow subordinates maximum freedom of action
5. DON'T give detailed instructions for every eventuality
Compiled by Capt. Nick 6. DON'T use every heading if it is not needed Compiled by Capt. Nick
SECTION RESPONSIBLITIES NOTES STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) EXAMPLES

1. Section Commander Duties (Charlie Fireteam IC): Actions On:

a. Ensure all tasks carried out efficiently
b. Has thorough knowledge of Battle Drills Short Halt (1-5 mins) - Close in, all round defence. (ARD) Activity 50/50
c. Highest standard of discipline is maintained
Long Halt (5-25 mins) - Break track, snap ambush. Move into cover, ARD,
d. He knows strengths and weaknesses of section
e. Commands Charlie Fireteam post sentries.
f. His section maintains equipment and weapons in good order RV - Treat as a short halt
g. Section duty roster is carried out
2. Section 2I/C Duties (Delta Fireteam IC): ERV - Pre-recce’d, usually the last RV. Consider watching over ERV
a. Command section in absence of IC
FRV - Must be pre-recced’d, patrol splits into mission groupings
b. Deploy Delta Fireteam as ordered
3. Rifleman Duties: Return to FRV from Objective - Approach from direction departed, raise left
a. Carry out tasks allotted to him arm at shoulder level. Allow 5 mins to adjust kit, give 2 min prep to move.
b. Be proficient at:
i. Weapon handling Patrol Split - Make HQ aware. Wait at previous RV, and move back.
ii. Fieldcraft Obstacle - Cross using ‘open gate’ or ‘caterpillar’ methods.
iii. Navigation
iv. Keep weapon and ammunition in good order Enemy Pre-Seen - Go to ground and observe. Consider hasty ambush.
v. See that clothing and equipment is in good order
Enemy Contact - Fire and move out of killing area. Move back to ERV.
vi. Be alert at all times and watch IC for orders
4. Scout Duties: Enemy Ambush - Form a baseline, fight through or withdraw.
a. Normally operate in pairs and move in bounds using cover
b. Move ahead of the section to prevent it being fired upon Seperated - Go firm for 20 mins. If no one comes back, move back to last
c. Normally deployed in close country – not advance to contact RV and wait 2 hours. If no one comes, retrace tracks through all RVs.

Lost - Go firm and hide. Look for friendly patrols. Try to orientate yourself.
Move back to familiar area and move back through RVs.

BATTLE PROCEDURE CAKE PRINCIPLE

‘The aim of Battle Procedure is to
launch the front line soldier into
battle, with minimum fuss, knowing
exactly what he has to do, how he
is going to do it, and what fire
support he is going to get.’
Concurrent Activity
Acknowledgement at all levels
Knowledge of grouping system
Efficient Drills
Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

JUDGING DISTANCES NOTES FIRE CONTROL ORDERS NOTES

Aids to Judging Distances

GROUP Charlie Fireteam / LSW Gunners / Rifleman
RANGE 300m, 1000m
1. Key Ranges - Using distance you already know
INDICATION Direct Method / Reference Points / Clock Ray /
2. Bracketing- Estimate furthers and shortest distance, then average
Hand Angle / Tracer / Binos
3. Halving - Estimate distance to a mid point, then double it
TYPE OF FIRE Rapid Fire / Watch and Shoot / Burst (LSW)
4. Appearance Method - As above
5. Unit of Measure - Use a known length like football pitch 100m
Types of Fire Control Order
Appearance Method
FULL When time permits
BRIEF Obvious Targets '300m, 12 O'Clock'
100m – Clear in all detail
INDIVIDUAL 'Cpl. Jones, 200m, Church Tower, Watch and Shoot'
200m – Clear in all detail, colour of skin and equipment identifiable
DELAYED ‘Await my order, Rapid Fire'
300m – Clear body outline, face colour good remains detail is blurred
TRACER '300m, watch my tracer'
400m – Body outline is clear, reaming detail is blurred
500m – Body begins to taper, head becomes indistinct
Fire Control Orders are issued:
600m – Body becomes wedge shaped, no head is apparent
Clear - Loud - As an Order - with Pauses
Objects seem closer when: Methods of Target Indication

1. The light is bright or the sun is shining from behind the observer 1. Direct Method - Obvious targets 'Section, 100m, 1/2 Right'
2. They are bigger than the objects around them 2. Reference Points - Slightly less obvious, used with Direct Method
3. There is dead ground between them and the observer 3. Clock Ray - Less obvious targets, used with Direct Method
4. They are higher up than the observer

Objects seem further away when:

1. The light is bad or the sun is in the observers eyes

2. They are smaller than the objects around them
3. Looking across a valley or down a street
4. The observer is lying down

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

PATROLLING NOTES SECTION FORMATIONS NOTES
Types of Patrol: Aims of Patrolling: Formations used will depend on: Scout
a. Ground
1. Reconnaissance 1. Disrupt and Destroy b. Visibilty IC
2. Standing 2. Dominate No-mans land c. Direction of Enemy threat
3. Fighting 3. Gather Information d. Need for control by the Section I/C
e. Need to produce maximum fire within minimum delay
1. Reconnaissance Patrol (3-5 Men)
a. Topographical features 1. Single File
b. Enemy minefields a. Least vulnerable to fire from a flank 2IC
c. Extent of enemy positions b. Useful for moving along cover
d. Enemy machine gun and defensive areas c. Good control for very dark night
e. Enemy noises, habits, patrols, etc … d. Bad fire protection from front
f. Check wire & minefields e. Vulnerable to frontal fire
g. Act as listening posts f. Bad observation to the flanks
IC
2IC

h. Give early warning on enemy approaches g. Slow passage of information

Scout

2. Standing Patrol (4-8 Men. Incl LMG & Good Comms) 2. File
a. Watch and listen on enemy approaches a. Easy to control
b. Watch dead ground by friendly lines b. Useful at night
c. Watch minefields and inform main body c. Presents a concentrated target
d. Prevent filtration into hides or positions
e. Secure and mark FUP start for night attack 3. Arrowhead
2IC

a. Easy to control
3. Fighting Patrol (Minimum 12 Men / Ratio 1:3 Fr:En) b. Good all round observation
a. Deny enemy freedom of movement in no-mans land and protection
b. Drive in enemy protective patrols c. Present vulnerable target
c. Interfere with enemy work parties
d. Distract enemy attention from friendly patrols 4. Extended Line
e. Carry out raids a. Maximum firepower to front
Scout
IC
2IC

f. Capture prisoners b. Difficult to control

g. Tank Hunting
h. Laying Ambushes
i. Protect RECCE’s and work parties
j. Escort stretcher parties

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

FIELD SIGNALS OBSERVATION POSTS (OPs)

Commanders at all levels need the maximum possible information about
the strengths, movements, positions and intentions of the enemy. The OP
is a key component and will be critical to the commanding officer’s

1. Observation. It must give observation over the area given in orders.

2. Cover. Cover from fire and view is necessary. Digging in will almost
certainly be necessary. The position chosen should not be an obvious
Ready to Deploy File Single Extended Arrowhead
OP site.
Move File Line
3. Communications. Radio (if available) must be able to work from the
chosen position.
4. Arc and Field View. It should cover as wide an arc as possible, and
should have as little dead ground as possible.
5. Approach and Exit. These should both be in cover. This is especially
Advance Turn Space Close In Halt Lie Down As you important in the case of an OP operating from a firm base.
Around Out were 6. Alternatives. These should be selected in case a move becomes
necessary.
7. Manpower Required. To be balanced against the need for
concealment.
Composition
Equipment
Obstacle Enemy Stop & All Clear Double Slow Group 1: OP Duty
Seen Listen Down a. Optics. Group 2: Rear Base Area
b. Compass.
c. Log and code sheets. The changeover must be
d. Map and air photographs. slightly staggered to
e. Food and water. maintain continuity.
f. Radio equipment.
Platoon Section Gun Scout O-Group RECCE House / g. Medical equipment.
Cdr IC Group Group Hut h. Warm clothing, cam nets, face veils. Battle Procedure
i. Rubbish sacks and plastic bags. 1. Planning and Preparation
j. Sleeping system. 2. Route Out
3. Action in FRV (initial recce)
4. Occupation
5. Routine
Ambush Attack R/L Flank Fire & 6. Withdrawal to FRV
Covering Move Up
Movement Fire

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

 HARBOUR AREAS DUTIES OF A SENTRY
1. Selection Good cover / good routes in and out / water supply / Three principles to ensure protection: Equipment Checklist
away from habitation / good comms / not on a hill / avoid an old enemy 1. Correct position of section
positions / near a helicopter landing site. 2. Location of alarm posts Range card
2. Occupation 3. Posting of sentries Sentry List
- Break track into ARD / snap ambush Notebook
- RECCE party (Pl. Cdr. & Sect. Cdrs & runner) depart Sentries to ensure they know: Pencils
- Apex positions marked & comms cord laid a. Direction of enemy Torch
- Section IC mark their sentry positions and basha areas b. Ground have to watch Watch
- Runner collects remainder. Enter harbour & stand to c. Position of flanking posts Binoculars
- Arcs of fire issued by Section IC d. Name of landmarks in front ___________________
3. Clearance Patrols e. Procedure for challenging ___________________
- Exit through opposite sentry position, return through own f. Details of returning patrols ___________________
- Move to limit of sight and sound. No patrols at night g. Password
- Look for old enemy positions / HLS / water / etc h. Length of duty
- Report to Pl. Cdr. with report
4. Sentries
- 1 man during day (1hr duty), 2 men during night (1hr duty, staggered
by 30mins) to limit of sight (day) and sound (night)
5. Work Routine
- Track plan laid and cleared
- Bashas built (raised up during night only) Challenge procedure
- Only half section clean wpns at a time
- Food cooked and eaten Sentry: “Halt. Hands up.”
- Personal admin (sleep, shave, wash, etc) Sentry: “Advance one”
- Set up latrines connected by comms cord to sentry Sentry: “Halt” (Person halts until recognised)

Sentry Hard Routine If sentry not satisfied with persons identity, will state first half of password
NO cooking, NO loud enough for first person to hear. Passwords changed daily at noon.
cutting or digging,

2
Se
NO shelters, NO Sentry: “Foxtrot Oscar”

n
cti

tio
on
talking or noise, 2 Reply: “Oscar Delta”

ec
Pl. Cdr.
sentries, all rubbish

3S
Pl. Sgt. Sentry: “Advance one” or “Advance” (for all)
Sig. removed, minimal
disturbance.
1 Section

Sentry Sentry

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

SECTION BATTLE DRILLS NOTES AMBUSH PATROLS NOTES

1. BATTLE PREPARATION (PAWPERSO) 1. Deliberate – Planned response to information
Protection 2. Immediate – Using HOT information
Ammunition
Weapons Principles:
Personal Cam a. Good intelligence b. Good Planning c. Security
Eqpt d. Control e. Battle Discipline f. Fire Power
Radios g. Safety h. Well rehearsed i. Good Concealment
Special Eqpt
Orders Ambush Sites:
a. Known En Routes b. Known En supply points
2. REACTION TO EFFECTIVE ENEMY FIRE c. Where terrain changes (wood / fields) d. Approaches to own positions
Return Fire - Quick Shots e. Possible En withdrawl routes
Take Cover - Dash / Down / Crawl Kill Gp Ratio: 1 Fr / 3 En
Return Appropriate Fire - Aimed Shots
Cut Off Gp Ratio: 3 Fr / 1 En
1. PLANNING - Warning Order
3. ENEMY LOCATION 2. RECCE
Observe / Fire / Movement. Give target indication 1. Ambush Area 2. Fire Positions / Concealment
3. Withdrawl Route 4. Final RV (Routes In / Out)
4. SUPPRESSING THE ENEMY 3. ORDERS
Group / Range / Indication / Type of Fire As per Patrol Orders. Extra info on:
Clear / Loud / As an Order / With Pauses Action on FRV / Action in Ambush Area /
Action on Approach of En / Withdrawl to RV
5. ATTACK 4. REHEARSAL
Approach - Section IC leads. Test fire psns. Group psns & relative psns
Covered by 2IC Signals / Comms
Assault - Fast as Pos. with Suppressive fire Altering and Springing of Ambush
Fight Through - Kill All then ARD Re-Org 20m past pstn Withdrawl
5. MOVE TO AMBUSH AREA
6. REGROUP (PACEDOS) RE-ORG CHECKLIST FRV during final RECCE
Protection 6. FINAL ORDERS - Confirmation or alteration
Ammunition Allocate arcs 7. OCCUPATION
Casualties Post and brief sentries RECCE Party, Section Cdrs, Sentries
Equipment Section Cdrs guide in section main parties
Searchers Bring in flanking sections 8. SETTING UP AMBUSH - Comms & trip flares
Situation Report (SITREP) Check casualties 9. FIRE FIGHT - Initiated by trip flare. Not ‘Fire’
Digging 10. WITHDRAWL - As rehearsed. Min time. Final count, cas etc.
Orders Check ammo state
Redistribute ammo
Direction of EN
Find Cover
L. Cut Off Kill Group R. Cut Off
Search / send back prisoners
Draw sketch map of captured Placed 1st ... ... Withdraw 1st
area
Report to Pl. Cdr. for orders
FRV
Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick
TIWAF (Training in Woods and Forests) TIWAF (Training in Woods and Forests)
f
It may be necessary to clear a wooded area: Stage 1: Planning and Preparation.
a. In an advance to contact. Pl. Cdr. to RECCE area if possible. Gather info on:
b. To clear a planned hide or battle position before occupation. a. Strength and disposition of the enemy.
c. To search for saboteurs or infiltrators. b. Likely enemy lines of withdrawal.
d. During counterinsurgency operations. c. Shape of the wood and in which direction to clear it.
d. Killing area.
Search wooded areas for: e. Positions for stops.
a. An enemy standing patrol. f. Wind direction for covering smoke.
b. An enemy reconnaissance patrol lying up. g. Fire team positions.
c. An enemy patrol base.
d. A small enemy force which has been cut off. Stage 2: Deployment of Stop Sections.
e. Part of a larger enemy force which is attempting to infiltrate. Acting like the Cut-Off groups in an ambush. Hidden in cover overlooking likely exit
routes for EN from forest.
1. PRINCIPLES
a. Speed. Well rehearsed, minimum of orders. Cover EN lines of withdrawl. Stage 3: Gaining a Foothold.
b. Thoroughness. Patrol space 6m. More than one sweep to cover area. a. Sweeping sections deploy to a FUP at same time as Stop Section deploy
b. The sweeps should spread out from the centre either side of Pl. Cdr. Once the
2. PLANNING sweeps are in position the assault group moves forward close behind the sweep
a. Direction: If no known EN, downhill is easier. sections.
b. Killing Area: Push EN into open area if possible. c. Stop sections given order to fire on anyone exiting the woods.

Platoon Organisation Stage 4: Sweeping the Wood.

a. Stop Groups (cutting off enemy exiting forest) Sweep advance in extended line, working in half fire teams, one covering the other
b. Sweep Group (working in fire team pairs) forward. Movement should be from tree to tree to cover to cover.
c. Assault / Follow Up Group (to follow behind sweep group) a. The pace must be that of the slowest pair.
b. If sweeps have to halt, take up fire positions to observe and listen.
Platoon Organisation for TIWAF c. The sweep on the two flanks indicate progress to the stops by hand signal.
Sweep Group: Stop Group: Assault Group: d. When sweeps reach the far end of the wood they must not emerge from it until the
Platoon Commander 1 Sect. 2IC & LMG only Platoon Sgt. success or all-clear signal is given to the stop sections.
Platoon HQ 2 Sect. 2IC & LMG only 3 Section (Complete) e. The assault group should follow as close behind the sweeps as the undergrowth
1 Sect. (no 2IC or LMG) dictates.
2 Sect. (no 2IC or LMG)
Stage 5: Action on Meeting Enemy.
a. Initiate contact using fire and movement under Pl. Cdr. orders.
Stop Group b. Assault EN to avoid halting sweep of wood. Maintain the sweep lines.
Sweep Group
1 Section 2IC / LMG c. If a sweep pair can deal with, assault EN psnt. and hold. Otherwise, the sweep
Assault Group Pl. Cdr / HQ
Pl. Sgt. 1 Section section provide covering fire and assault section assault the position.
3 Section 2 Section
Stage 6: Reorganization
a. The platoon takes up an all round defence.
b. The Pl. Sgt. checks on casualties and on ammunition.
c. A report will be sent to the higher commander by radio.
d. The reorganization should be as silent as possible.
Stop Group
2 Section 2IC / LMG

TIWAF Page 1 of 2 Compiled by Capt. Nick TIWAF Page 2 of 2 Compiled by Capt. Nick

TIBUA (Training in Built-Up Areas) HOUSE CLEARING - PAIRS

f
Phase 1 - The Investment Prevent defenders withdrawl, hamper reinforcement and
resupply.
2m
Phase 2 - The Break-In Deliberate attack to gain foothold. Limited objectives with
maximum fire support. Launched at night or under smoke.
Phase 3 - Securing the Objectives Clear parallel axes to provide mutual support. [3]
Culminate in the main objective. Relentless momentum is the key. Point
Phase 4 - The Clearance Conducted by sectors to destroy remaining EN.
[4] Known as the
Phase 5 - Reorg Clearing up and exploitation to the limits of the area. Immediate Area
2 meters inside any
[2] entrance needs cleared
Command Action
first of any obstacles
Button hook Entering from one side and turning sharply to enter the room and
stay on the same side Point
Stack r e r
Criss-cross Entering from one side and moving to the other side
de ov
an C
The roll Method of crossing entrances / windows. Weapon pointing at the m
entrance, the firer sidesteps around the opening om [1]
C
Fire Support
Clear Notifies the team that the room is clear. No one should move before Pairs house clearing (diagram above):
clear is given
1. Assault team stack up beside the door.
Coming in When entering a room 2. Number 1 (point) checks the door opening method. It opens inwards, handle on
Coming out When exiting a room. Point muzzle to the floor and check left and the far side.
right as exiting 3. Number 2 (cover) covers while point moves using the roll to the handle side [ 1 ].
Last out Indicates no firers left in the room 4. After the words criss-cross ready, the command move is given. The door is
opened and point and cover enter the room using criss-cross, first clearing the
Big room Indicates more support is needed for a large room immediate area (2m inside the door), and then the rest of the room [ 2 ].
Door left / right Indicates an additional entrance / exit 5. Upon seeing a second door they shout “door left.”
6. When ready, cover watches the second door and orders move then point rolls to
Support Indicates assault group needs support. Another team to go the far side.
7. Point checks the door opening method. After the words “button hook, ready,” the
Furniture Indicates furniture in room needs clearing
command “move” is given [ 3 ].
Stack on me Remainder to lower muzzles and stack on the firer 8. The door is opened and point and cover enter the room using button hook,
clearing their immediate area.
Stoppage Indicates to the team the firer has a stoppage 9. The room is empty and “room clear“ is given [ 4 ].
Magazine Firer changing magazine. Cover fire from firers to their left and right
Street Clearing
Ready? Move Commands initiate action. Avoids confusion with ‘go’ sounds like a. Sections work in parallel along opposite sides.
‘no.’ Can be a rifle barrel nod when silent b. Move alternately to give fire support to other.
c. Co-ordinate assault with Platoon Commander.
Button Criss-
d. Manpower moved around to ensure sufficient dedicated to the tasks.
Hook Cross
e. Advance from house to house, keeping away from open streets and spaces.
f. Thorough reorg in each house, based on the ground floor.
g. Hold dominated buildings to stop EN infiltration into already cleared areas.
Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick
NAVIGATION INTERPRETING CONTOURS

Magnetic Bearings: Needle points to MAGNETIC NORTH.

1. Point compass Direction of Travel Arrow (7) in direction of Grid Square e
av
desired travel. 1.
5k o nc pe
C lo
2. Rotate bezel so as to align red arrow of Needle (3) over m S
Orientating Arrow (5).
3. Read off the magnetic bearing at Index Line (6). Ev
e nS
1km lop
Grid Bearings: Orientating Arrow points to GRID NORTH. e
1. IGNORE COMPASS NEEDLE THROUGHOUT!
2. Point long edge of compass in direction of desired travel.
Saddle
3. Rotate bezel so as to align Orientating Lines (4) with northings.
4. Read off grid bearing at Index Line (6).
Com
bina
tion
Slop
e
Valley
Ridge
S
Co lop
ex
nv e

Convex Slope

Index
350
Contou
Common Map Scales COMPASS ANATOMY
1: Baseplate Index
1:15,000 1cm = 150m 300
Contou
Direction
Slope

1:25,000 1cm = 250m 2: Bezel Concave Slope

1:50,000 1cm = 500m 3: Needle
4: Orientating Lines
Grid Reference Accuracy 5: Orientating Arrow
4 Figure = 1,000m (1km) 6: Index Line
6 Figure = 100m 7: Direction of Travel Arrow
8 Figure = 10m 8: Romer (1:25,000)
Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

"You must walk along the corridor

GRID REFERENCES before you climb the stairs"
AIDS TO ROUTE PLANNING
Uphill ADD 1 min for every 10m contour Downhill SUBTRACT 20 secs for every 10m
Find a 4-Figure Grid Reference (1km accuracy) crossed, up to max of 3 lines per 100m. contour, up to max of 3 lines per 100m.

1. Identify the bottom left corner of the square you want. Time to Add for Other Conditions
2. Follow the vertical line up or down to give you the EASTING. Darkness 1/2 Daytime Speed
3. Follow the horizontal line to read the NORTHING. 123456789 >20kg Load 1/2 Normal Speed

Find a 6-Figure Grid Reference (100m accuracy) Heavy Load Subtract 1 kph
02 Headwind Subtract 1 kph or more if very strong
1. Find the 4-Fig. Grid Reference, and break the
Approximate Speeds for Different Terrain
individual square down into a further 10 sub-squares.
2. Repeat the same sequence of finding a Grid 5 kph Level surface covered in grass
Reference to find the single sub-square. 3 4 kph Variable, rough surface
3. Add the additional Easting and Northing to the 4-
123456789

Figure. 3 kph Soft snow / Strong headwind

03
17 6 18 2 kph Deep snowdrift . Severe headwind
02
TIMING Speed
Distance 2 kph 3 kph 4 kph 5 kph 6 kph
03 50m 1 min 30 1 min 45 sec 36 sec 30 sec
100m 3 min 2 min 1 min 30 1 min 12 1 min
200m 6 min 4 min 3 min 2 min 24 2 min
300m 9 min 6 min 4 min 30 3 min 36 3 min
04
400m 12 min 8 min 6 min 4 min 48 4 min
Northings numbered South to North

500m 15 min 10 min 7 min 30 6 min 5 min

05 1km 30 min 20 min 15 min 12 min 10 min

17 18 19 20 USING FEATURES TO SET A MAP (DDCRAPPS)

Eastings numbered West to East
Answers for Example
4-Figure 6-Figure The DIRECTION of features must always coincide.
The DISTANCE to a feature will help to identify it on the map.
17 03 176 033 CONVENTIONAL symbols on the map to the features on the ground.
RELIEF may be the only recognisable feature in wild country.
ALIGNMENT of linear features will assist in confirming direction. Distance
19 04 193 045
A PATTERN is recognisable.
The PROXIMITY of features to each other will help to identify it. Speed x Time
18 05 180 057
The SHAPE of a feature will help to identify it on the map.

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

 Example NOTE FOR CALCULATIONS NOTES
GMA Calculator from below N
A 2013

W
Current Year

st
es

Ea
t
B Magnetic Info. Year 2011

C Number of Years Difference yrs 2 yrs

D E/W 5° 54’ W If MN is West of GN (D)

Magnetic North Difference from Grid North and Change is East (E)
This can be East (-ve) or West (+ve) SUBTRACT (E)
E Annual Change E/W 10' E If MN is East of GN (D)
This can also be East or West and Change is West (E)
SUBTRACT (D - E)
F Total Change C x E = E/W 20' E
Remember to include direction E or W If MN is West of GN (D)
and Change is West (E)
ADD (D - E)
G Current Magnetic Variation D - E = 5° 54’ W
See Note for Calculations - 20' E If MN is East of GN (D)
5° 34’ W and Change is East (E)
ADD (D - E)

D E B 60 Minutes (60') =
1 Degree (1°)

Round the GMA to

nearest Degree
Eg Up: 5° 34' = 6°
Eg Down: 5° 26' = 5°

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

TAKING A RE-SECTION NOTES

Step 1: Calculate the GMA for the current Map.

Step 2: Establish the location of up to 3
prominant landmarks you know the definite Landmark 1
location of, and locate them on the map.
Step 3: Take a MAGNETIC bearing to each of
the landmarks, convert this to a GRID bearing.
Now convert this bearing to a BACK BEARING
and plot a straight line from the landmark on the Landmark 3
map. OUR LOCATION
Step 4: Where the plotted bearings meet is your
location.

Example:
54° converted to back bearing = 54° + 180°
Landmark 2
260° converted to back bearing = 280° - 180°

CONVERTING GMA

MAG to GRID - GET RID (of the GMA)

GRID to MAG - ADD (the GMA)

CONVERTING TO A BACK BEARING

If bearing is less than 180° then add 180°

If bearing is more than 180° then subtract 180°

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

 PRIMARY SURVEY (Adult, Non-Drowning Casualty) FIRST AID TREATMENTS HEAT INJURIES
Recovery Position
Danger HYPOTHERMIA (Core temperature <35oC).
Any further risk to you or YES Deal with any dangers and PRIMARY SURVEY Unconsciousness Pale cold skin, shivering at start, then stops.
the casualty? make the situation safe. DR (C)ABCD FISH SHAPED Slowing bodily functions (thought, speech,
NO D - Danger pulse, breathing).
F - Fainting
Response (AVPU) YES Treat the casualty and call R - Response I - Imbalance of Heat Lethargy, confusion, disorientation, lowered
Are they Conscious? 999 / 112 for an Ambulance (C) - Catastrophic bleed S - Shock responsiveness, fatal (<26oC).
Does the Casualty Respond? if necessary. A - Airway H - Head Injury
B - Breathing S - Stroke 999/112 if Unconscious (CPR if necessary).
NO Slowly warm casualty, remove wet clothing.
Airway C - Circulation H - Heart Attack
BREATHING PRESENT A - Asphyxia Insulate from weather and ground if outdoors.
Open the Airway - Head Tilt, Chin Lift D - Disability (other injuries)
P - Poisoning Warm, sweet drinks, high energy food.
Check for Normal Breathing - Look, Listen Feel, <10 Secs.
Seek medical attention if elderly or child.
SECONDARY SURVEY E - Epilepsy
NO NORMAL BREATHING SAMPLE D - Diabetes
Place into the Recovery
DIAL 999 / 112 for Ambulance Position and call 999 / 112 S - Signs & Symptoms HEAT STROKE (Core temperature >38oC).
Send bystander if possible. for an Ambulance if A - Allergies RESPONSE LEVELS Flushed, dry skin (no sweating).
Ask for a defibrillator if available. necessary. M - Medication AVPU Nausea, vomitting, possible seizures, throbbing
P - Past Medical History headache, dizziness, fainting, confusion,
Give 30 Chest Compressions A - Alert (casualty is fully alert)
L - Last Meal restlessness.
100-120 per Minute, 5-6cm Deep. V - Voice (1. confused, 2.
E - Event History Lowered responsiveness, fatal (>40oC).
innappropriate words, 3. utters
Give 2 Rescue Breaths
sounds, 4. no verbal response)
Tips! 999/112 if Unconscious (CPR if necessary).
Continue CPR (Ratio 30:2) P - Pain
- Use speakerphone to 999 Rapidly cool casualty using any method,
Until emergency help arrives. U - Unresponsive
- 2 mins CPR then swap remove outer clothing, move to shaded area.
The casualty begins to breathe themselves.
It is dangerous or you are too tired to continue. - Start defibrillator ASAP
Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

FIRST AID TREATMENTS SHOCK FIRST AID TREATMENTS SEVERE EXTERNAL BLEEDING

1. Treat the cause of shock (Bleeding, etc.) 1. Sit or lay casualty.

CHOKING
1. Ask "Are you Choking?"
2. Encourage to Cough.
3. Support Casualty while leaning them
forward.
4. Give up to 5 Back Blows between
shoulder blades. Check their mouth.
5. If unsuccessful, stand behind Casualty
and give up to 5 Abdominal Thrusts. Check
their mouth.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5. After 3 cycles call
999 / 112 for an Ambulance and continue.
7. If collapse or fall unconscious, start CPR.
ANALPYHLAXIS
Rapid onset. Life threatening. Skin rash.
Sweling of tongue, lips or throats. Noisy breathing.
Dizziness, faint, passing out.
Pale, cold, clammy skin, rapid pulse.
Nausea, vomitting, stomach cramps, diarrhoea.
ABC priorities, treat for shock.
Adrenaline auto-injector. Repeated 5-15 min if no improvement.
2. Lay casualty down, keep head low, raise legs.
3. Reassure and keep casualty quiet.
4. Loosen tight clothing around neck, chest, etc.
5. Keep warm, and diall 999 / 112 for Ambulance.
6. Do not allow to drink, eat or smoke. Moisten lips if
necessary, only give fluids if safe.
7. Monitor vital signs and prepare to start CPR.
BROKEN BONES
1. Immobilise in the position found and keep the
casualty warm, or treat for shock if necessary.
2. Call 999 / 112 if suspected head or spinal
injury, difficult breathing or poor circulation beyond
the break, deformity, irregularity, unnatural
movement or exposed bone.
3. Cover any open wounds with a dressing.
4. If no ambulance is required, splint or
immobilise the break before moving.
Compiled by Capt. Nick
1%
BURNS
SCALD
S - Size (>1% needs A&E)
C - Cause (dry heat, wet heat, radiation,
chemicals, electricity)
A - Age (Children / Elderly seek medical attn)
L - Location (face, hands, feet, genitals, around
a limb seek medical attn)
D - Depth (full thickness requires medical)
1. Do not touch affected area or remove stuck
clothing, unless contaminated with chemicals.
2. Do not burst any blisters.
3. Run under cool water for 10 mins (20 mins for
chemical burns).
4. Remove jewellery or other constrictions.
5. Cover with sterile dressing or cling film.
6. Treat for shock, seek medical help if reqd.
2. Examine for nature of bleed (artery, vein,
capillary) and identify exact point.
3. Apply direct pressure continuously for 10
minutes. Never remove embedded object.
4. Cover with sterile dressing and continue to
apply direct pressure. Apply second dressing
over first if bleeds through. If both soaked,
remove all, examine wound, and reapply new
dressing.
- 0.5 litres of blood per 7kg body weight
- 10% blood loss requires shock treatment
- Body can not compensate after ⅓ volume
blood loss.
A tourniquet can be used for life-threatening bleeding
from an arm or a leg that can not be controlled by direct
pressure.
1. Apply at least 5cm above the wound.
2. Tighten until bleeding eased.
3. Consider also applying direct pressure dressing.
4. Call 999/112 and make note of time T applied.
Treat catastrophic bleed before
ABC primary survey
Compiled by Capt. Nick
SKILL AT ARMS SKILL AT ARMS
L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle Characteristics L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle Named Parts
a. The L98A2 Cadet GP (5.56mm) Rifle is a self-loading, magazine fed
weapon which is capable of firing single rounds producing:
(1) Quick and accurate fire at short range opportunity targets.
(2) Accurate, rapid fire at ranges up to 300 metres and accurate deliberate
fire at longer ranges.
(3) Effective section fire at ranges up to 600 metres.
b. With its self-loading capability and a 30 round magazine, a high standard
of fire control is necessary to prevent wastage of ammunition.

NORMAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

(No magazine fitted)

From the Low Port Position, take a step forward
with the left foot and drop the rifle to the horizontal
position at waist height, placing the left hand on the
hand guard.

1. Ensure safety catch is set to safe.

2. Tilt to the right, hold working parts to rear.
3. Inspect body, chamber and face of the bolt.
4. If clear, operate bolt release catch and tap
forward the cocking handle.
5. Safety catch to fire, operate the trigger and return
safety catch to safe.
6. Close dust cover.

HANDING OVER A RIFLE

1. Point the muzzle in a safe direction and carry out

the NSPs, showing the recipient that the body, face
of the bolt and chamber is clear. The Low
2. Once the recipient has confirmed the weapon is Port Position
clear, ‘Ease Springs’ and then handover the
weapon. Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

BASIC HANDLING DRILLS IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS and STOPPAGES

On the command “With a Magazine of ..... Load.” “Weapon firing alright. Weapon stops firing”
1. Ensure safety catch is set to safe.
2. Open magazine pouch, remove magazine and place into mag housing. Immediate Action
3. Fasten magazine pouch. 1. Ensure safety catch is set to safe.
2. Tilt rifle to left and inspect the state of the cocking handle.
On the command “Ready” or when range is given, example “200”.
Situation 1: “Cocking handle fully forward”
1. Ensure safety catch is set to safe.
2. Ensure the sights are set to the battle setting. 1. Tap forward and continue firing.
3. Tilt to right, cock and tap forward on the cocking handle. 2. Weapon continues to fire.

On the command “Unload.” Situation 2: “Cocking handle fully forward”

1. Ensure safety catch is set to safe.
2. Open magazine pouch, remove magazine and place into pouch.
3. Tilt rifle to the right, pull back cocking handle, operate hold open catch.
4. Twist rifle to left and inspect: Body, chamber and face of the bolt twice.
Ensure no magazine is fitted.
5. If clear, operate the bolt release catch and tap forward the cocking
handle.
6. Safety catch to fire, operate the trigger and return safety catch to safe.
7. Return sights to sattle setting and close dust cover.
8. Close and secure the magazine pouch.
On the command “Make Safe.”
1. Carry out the “Unload” and refit the magazine.
RATES OF FIRE
Deliberate. Not normally more than 10 rounds per minute. It is generally
ordered after the fire fight has been won.
Snapshooting. Intermittent, opportunity shooting at targets that appear for
short periods whilst moving from cover to cover.
Rapid Fire. Rapid fire is used to win the fire fight or when the enemy are
assaulting our position. Its use must be carefully controlled to conserve
ammunition. With practice up to 30 aimed shots per minute at different
targets can be achieved.
Compiled by Capt. Nick
1. Tap forward and continue firing.
2. Weapon stills fails to fire.
3. Tilt to the right, hold working parts to rear.
“Rounds in magazine, chamber and body clear”
4. Ensure magazine is securely fitted.
5. Release working parts forward and tap forward the cocking handle.
6. Continue firing.
Situation 3: “Cocking handle not fully forward”
1. Tilt to the right, hold working parts to rear.
“Obstruction.”
2. Remove magazine and attempt to clear obstruction. “Obstruction clear”
3. Tilt weapon to left and inspect chamber. ”Chamber clear”
4. Refit magazine, Release working parts forward and tap forward the
cocking handle.
5. Continue firing.
Situation 4: “Cocking handle fully to rear. Empty magazine”
1. Open magazine pouch, remove magazine and change magazine.
2. Fit fresh magazine to rifle. Close pouch.
3. Release working parts forward and tap forward the cocking handle.
4. Continue firing.
Compiled by Capt. Nick
STRIPPING and ASSEMBLING AIMING OFF DRILLS
Pre-Strip Safety Check Only a wind blowing across the front at ranges greater than 100 metres will
1. Ensure safety catch is set to safe. deflect the bullet significantly. To allow for this, aim off into the wind; the
2. Tilt to the right, hold working parts to rear. direction of the wind can be determined by its effect on the face, trees, dust
3. Inspect body, chamber and face of the bolt. Check again, ensuring no and smoke. The amount to aim off is determined by the strength of the wind:
magazine fitted.
4. If clear, working parts forward and forward assist the cocking handle. Do Fresh Wind. A fresh wind has an appreciable effect on bushes and thin
not fire off action. branches of trees and can be distinctly felt on the side of the face. It would
cause range flags to stand about halfway out from the pole.
Stripping
Place all parts on a clean, dry surface, with TMH release pins facing upwards. Strong Wind. A strong wind has a noticeable effect on tree tops and lifts
1. Ensure the weapon is upside down but horizontal, remove rear TMH fully, dust off dry ground. Range flags would tend to strain away from their poles.
then push it back 5mm to click, then remove front TMH. In windy conditions at ranges of greater than 100 metres the following points
2. Cup hand over butt, and remove TMH. of aim relative to the Figure 11 targets should be used for Fresh Wind (10
3. Remove rear TMH pin fully and remove recoil rod assembly. Raise the km/h) and Strong Wind (20 km/h).
muzzle of the weapon and remove the bolt and cocking handle.
4. Turn the weapon upright again, open top cover, remove gas piston first,
then the gas cylinder and gas plug.
5. To assemble, first check barrel and face of bolt for cleanliness, damage or
wear.
6. Replace parts in reverse order.

Rifle Function Test

The function test should only be carried out form the prone position.
1. Check the safety catch is set to safe, cock the rifle and attempt to fire. It
should not fire.
2. Set the safety catch to fire and operate the trigger, firing the action. Whilst
holding the trigger back, cock the rifle and release the trigger. The hammer
should be felt / heard engaging the main sear. Release and then operate the
trigger and the rifle should fire.
3. Set the safety catch to safe and close the dust cover.

Magazine Stripping
1. Hold the magazine with the bottom plate facing upwards.
2. Using the combination tool, depress the base of the spring located in the
centre of the bottom plate and slide the bottom plate rearwards, and remove.
3. Remove the spring and platform carefully, not separating them.
4. Assemble in reverse order.
Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

CLEANING MARKSMANSHIP PRINCIPLES

a. Carry out pre-strip safety checks and strip weapon as taught.
b. Using the GP soft brush to remove any loose fouling or debris.
c. With a piece of lightly oiled flannelette clean the outside of the weapon,
and then wipe dry.
d. Fit the chamber/barrel extension brush to the cleaning rod and insert it
into the chamber. Rotate clockwise to clean. Remove the brush, wrap a
flannelette patch around the bristles and re-insert it for a final clean.
e. Using the barrel extension cleaner clean the fouling from inside the
barrel extension.
f. Using the GP soft brush and flannelette clean the inside of the body.
g. Wipe clean the piston, the gas cylinder and the gas plug. Carbon fouling
is removed by the GP wire brush, gas block cleaning brush and scrapers
on the combination tool.
h. Pull the barrel through with a well lubricated bore brush. Then pull it
through a number of times alternating between dry and oily swabs until the
barrel is clean, finish with a dry swab.
i. Examine the barrel for cleanliness.
j. Dry clean the whole of the weapon and examine it for any damage.
k. Lightly oil the weapon and magazines.
l. Assemble the weapon and carry out the function test.
m. Magazines should be stripped and dry-cleaned.
1. The position and hold must be firm enough to
support the weapon.
2. The weapon must point naturally at the target
without any undue physical effort.
3. The sight alignment and sight picture must be
correct.
4. The shot must be fired and followed through
without any disturbance to the firers position.
DECLARATION (AC71855C - 2018)
“Both Queens and Cadet Regulations state that it is an offence to
leave this range (or exercise area) with ammunition in your
possession i.e. live or blank rounds, empty cases, pyrotechnics or
component parts. It is also illegal to discard ammunition and
pyrotechnics outside of the recognised logistical disposal
methods, and that disciplinary action can be taken against
individuals found to be doing so. It is your responsibility to ensure
that other range participants conform to this regulation and that
breaches are reported to the chain of command immediately.
Check now that you have no natures of ammunition in your
possession.”
The following declaration is to be given to the RCO (or ECO):
“Sir (or Ma’am), I have no ammunition in my possession and
I will report anyone else who has”.

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

MARKSMANSHIP COACHING The Key Points Checklist MARKSMANSHIP COACHING
Aim of coaching 1. Leg position. Procedure Before Firing
1. The aim of coaching is to inspire confidence and determination in the firer by 2. Butt position. a. Check that the firer understands what he has to do, the Point of Aim (POA) and the practice.
gentle prompting and intelligent guidance. To this end the coach must: 3. Left hand grip. b. When the range or “Ready” is given check the sight setting.
a. Be alert, patient and never harass the firer and give praise where and when it is 4. Left elbow position. c. Check that the firer tests and adjusts his position correctly on to his own target.
due. 5. Right hand grip. d. Lie down on the open side in a four o’clock position from which his face and right hand can be seen.
b. Avoid ‘over-coaching’, and keep talk to a minimum. 6. Right elbow position. e. Whilst the firer is testing and adjusting, watch for any undue strain, correct the position then tell the firer to rest and wait for
c. Know the ability of the weapon and ammunition, the effects of wind and light 7. Head position. further orders. Prepare a new shooting record card for the practices.
and the effects these will have when coupled with the firer’s ability. 8. Relaxation. f. Always be calm and unhurried, and encourage the firer to relax.
9. Breathing.
Preliminaries Procedure During Firing
The actions necessary before Zeroing are: a. If necessary after each shot, discuss with the firer the POA at the moment of firing and the action of the rifle during recoil.
a. Ensuring that the weapon is prepared for firing. b. If necessary ensure that the firer rests between shots with the safety catch applied.
c. Checking that all screws on the sighting system are tight. c. Do not ‘over-coach’, let the firer concentrate on trying to apply the principles.
d. Common faults in the early stages are:
1. Staying in the aim too long.
2. Trigger snatching.
3. Movement in the basic position.
4. Failing to follow through.
5. Head position.
e. Always insist on a declaration from the firer.
ion 1

Procedure After Firing

2

a. Compare declaration with shots on the target.

ion
Posit

b. Determine the size of the group for coaching purposes.

si t
Po

c. Check the position of the MPI in relation to the CZP (for later alteration).
d. Check whether the pattern indicates any fault being made by the firer.
e. Make every effort to encourage the firer.

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick

GROUPING & ZEROING

SAA LESSON PLAN
rounds at 100m must be achieved.
Before a weapon can be zeroed, a group of 300mm with 20

b. 25m = 13mm per gradiation (click)

a. 100m = 50mm per graduation (click)
Sight Adjustment (Iron SIghts)

b. 25m = 25mm below.

a. 100m = 100mm above.
Correct Zeroing Position (CZP)

Mean Point of Impact (MPI) is the central point of the group.

two holes furthest apart in the group.

Extreme Spread (ES) is the distance between the centre of the

Prelims Check Kit NSPs Number Off Formations

Check Kit
Number Off Aim Learning Outcomes Anything Else
NSPs
Formations Revision Introduction Mandatory Teaching Points
Anything Else?
Revision
Introduction
Explain Demonstrate Imitate Practice
End of Lesson
Questions
Final Practice
NSPs
Pack Kit
Summary
Look Forward

NOTE: Skill at Arms

lessons can only be Questions Final Practice NSPs
conducted by
qualified adult Pack Kit Summary Look Forward
instructors!

Compiled by Capt. Nick Compiled by Capt. Nick