Pakistan Institute of community Ophthalmology

Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar

No: _____________________ Date: ______________________

RESEARCH PROPOSAL TEMPLATE

Title (not to exceed 50 words):

Name of Candidate:

Name of Supervisor:

Co-Supervisors:

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

Duration of Project:

Institute

Budget Required:

Name & Signature of Student/Scholar: __________________________________________

Name & Signature of the Supervisor: __________________________________________

Name & Signature of Head of Institute: __________________________________________

 Pakistan Institute of community Ophthalmology
Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar

1. TITLE (not to exceed 50 words): Should reflect objective of the study.

2. INTRODUCTION: (must include problem statement, background information and rationale 250-300 words)

Individuals with strabismus have anomalous alignment of the two eyes in which one of the eye is
deviated in or out or up or down,where the visual axes of the two eyes don’t meet at the point or object
of respect and the binocular single picture is not shaped.Whenever neglected ,it can unfavorably
influence binocular singl vision.

Globally the prevalence of strabismus is 1.93% in which exotropia (XT) is 1.23% and esotropia (ET) is
0.77%1. Worldwide the common type of ET is accomodative esotropia (Acc ET) is 25% and intermittent
exotropia X(T) is 12%.1

The study conducted in USA concluded that 25% Acc ET is common while in Asia constant ET is common
I-e 63%.. Pakistan reported 50% Acc ET where as in Peshawar 2.5% of Acc ET is common.
In USA the study reported that the common type of XT is X(T)which is 50%. Asia reported 12.81% of X(T).
Where as in Peshawar 69% constant XT is common.
.
In October 2014 the study conducted in USA at Government eye hospital reported that the number of
patients with strabismus is 59 in which 34 were XT patients and 24 cases were ET. 2 The study conducted
in Iran in 2017 stated that these were 1174 strabismis patients out of which 25% were having Acc XT ,
12% having non Acc ET , 11% of the patients were having Acc X(T) and that of 10% of the patients were
having partially Acc XT3. Another study conducted in Rawalpindi in Benazir Bhutto hospital reported that
the proportion of ET and XT was same. In which 48% of patient out of 51% were Acc ET , 42% were
constant ET and 6% were infantile ET.51% of XT patients in which 69% were having constant XT and 30%
were having X(T)5.The prevalence of strabismus conducted in lady reading hospital Peshawar recurrence
of Acc ET found in this examination is 2.5% practicaly like the prevalence of strabismus in Pakistan is
2.75%.6
 Pakistan Institute of community Ophthalmology
Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar

3. OBJECTIVE(S): (must be stated in measurable terms and starting with an action verb)

4. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS: (All variables of study must be clearly defined in detectable terms)
 Pakistan Institute of community Ophthalmology
Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar

5. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

5a. Study Design:

5b. Study Settings:

5c. Study Duration:

5d. Sample Size: (with justification of its calculations and reference used):

5e. Sampling Technique:

6. SAMPLE SELECTION:

6a. Inclusion Criteria:

6b. Exclusion Criteria:

 Pakistan Institute of community Ophthalmology
Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar

7. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE: (Detailed inclusion of subjects and data collection plan, including briefs about
laboratory procedures, surgeries etc. Must clearly explain how the researcher will flow his data collection plan right
from start till finishing the follow up on subjects or material.
 Pakistan Institute of community Ophthalmology
Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar

8. DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE: Detailed description of type of analysis plan according to type of variables and
study design, statistical tests (if required), stratification of confounders/effect modifiers, presentation of results etc
must be clearly mentioned.

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY: In Vancouver style.

1. Hashemi H et al. Strabismus. Global and regional prevalence of strabismus. June 2019.

2. Azam P Nausheen N, Fahim MF . prevalence of strabismus and its type in pediatric age group 6-15 years in
tertiary eye care hospital, Karachi. Biom Biostat int J. 2019;8(1):24-8

3. Attada TR, Deepka M, Laxmi S. Strabismus in paediatric age (3- 16 years): a clinical study. Int Res Med
Sci.2016 June;4(6): 1903-9.

4.Khorrami-Nejad M, Akbari MR, khosravi B. The prevalence of strabismus types in Strabismus Iranian
patients. Clinical optometry. 2018;10:19.

5. Frequency of different type of manifest strabismus among patient of age group 1 to 25 years presented to Benazir Bhutto hospital
Rawalpindi. December 2015.

6.

ANNEXE:
Annexure I: Data Collection Instrument
 Pakistan Institute of community Ophthalmology
Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar

Annexure II: Any other Relevant Material (if applicable)